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Salvador, official name- The Republic of El Salvador (from Spanish El Salvador - the Savior) is a state in Central America, bordered by Honduras in the east and north, and Guatemala in the west, and washed by the Pacific Ocean in the south.
Area - 21 thousand km², population - about 6 million people.
It is the most densely populated country in Central America.
Economy
The country's economy is based on remittances from workers abroad, as well as on the export of food products, sugar and ethyl alcohol.
GDP in 2009 was $43 billion. GDP per capita - 7.1 thousand dollars (124th place in the world).
Industry (29% of GDP, 23% of employees) - food, drinks, fertilizers, textiles.
Agriculture (11% of GDP, 19% of workers) - coffee, sugar, corn, rice, beans, vegetable oil, cotton, sorghum; beef, dairy products.
The service sector accounts for 60% of GDP, 58% of workers.
Minimum wage(2011) - $224 per month.
Currency
Before 2001 monetary unit the country had a Salvadoran colon, then the government of El Salvador refused to use this currency. From 2001 to the present, the country has used the US dollar. Colon was completely withdrawn from circulation in 2004.
International trade
Exports - $4.6 billion (in 2008) - offshore trade, coffee, sugar, textiles, gold, alcohol.
Main buyers: USA 48.1%, Guatemala 13.6%, Honduras 13%, Nicaragua 5.5%.
Imports - $9.0 billion (in 2008) - raw materials, consumer goods, industrial goods, fuel, food, oil, electricity.
Main suppliers: USA 35.4%, Mexico 9.2%, Guatemala 8.7%, China 5.1%.
Story
Approximately from the 1st to the 7th centuries AD. e. Mayan tribes lived on the territory of present-day El Salvador, and then numerous tribal associations of Nahua Utah-Aztecan Indians came there language family. The Nahua culture came under Mayan influence and was later invaded by Toltec migrants, resulting in the hybrid Pipil culture that created the state of Cuscatlán. By the time the Spaniards arrived, the Pipils already had fairly differentiated social classes: nobility, traders, artisans, plebeians, slaves.
In 1524, an associate of the conqueror of Mexico, Hernando Cortez, Pedro de Alvarado, invaded this territory. In 1525, the city of San Salvador was founded, but only by 1528 did the Spaniards manage to gain a foothold here, and by the 1540s, suppress the resistance of the Nahua Indians.
From 1560 to 1821 the territory was part of the Captaincy General of Guatemala.
The mainstay of El Salvador's economy during the colonial era was agriculture. The colony specialized in the export of indigo and cocoa.
Two attempts by local Creoles to overthrow the colonial regime (in 1811 and 1814) were suppressed by the Spanish authorities, but in 1821, following Mexico, Central America declared itself independent and became part of the Mexican Empire, and in 1823 withdrew from it. The federal state of the United Provinces of Central America was created, which included modern Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. This federal republic did not last long - internal struggles and wars led to its collapse.
Story
In the early 1890s, coins of various origins and shapes, of variable weight and fineness (moneda macuquina, moneda vencilla), as well as money from other countries were in circulation on the territory of El Salvador - “North American dollar, Chilean, Peruvian coin, Guatemalan gold coin” .
On October 1, 1892, the government of the country decided to replace the Salvadoran peso, which was in circulation from the 19th century to 1919, but currency reform took place in 1919. Initial exchange rate was set at 2 colones = 1 US dollar. In addition, gold and silver “tostón” coins remained in circulation until the 1920s.
In 1921, the government carried out a financial reform, according to which the ancient coins: "cuartilos", "raciones", "medios" and "reales" were withdrawn from circulation. The reform was supported by banks, but peasants and small traders (for whom gold and silver coins were not only a means of payment, but also the main means of savings and savings) opposed it, and spontaneous unrest swept across the country, during which several protesters and police were killed. In 1931, the government abandoned the gold standard, and in 1934 the exchange rate was 2.5 colones per US dollar.
Coins and banknotes
Initially, banknotes were issued by three private banks (Banco Salvadoreño, Banco Occidental and Banco Agricola Comercial), but since June 19, 1934, the Central Reserve Bank of El Salvador (Banco Central de Reserva de El Salvador) became the sole issuer. The Central Bank printed banknotes in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 and 100 colones.
From the 1940s to 1968, El Salvador's economy developed quite steadily, mainly due to export industries Agriculture and partly - the manufacturing industry. But in the summer of 1969, after the end of the war with Honduras, the country found itself in a difficult situation: the price of a military victory was the complication of diplomatic relations with neighboring countries, economic difficulties and the need to repatriate a significant number of refugees on their territory.
In 1979-1992, the situation became even more complicated, a protracted civil war led to the destruction of the country's economy, the formation of colossal foreign debt (the US government provided El Salvador with financial and economic assistance in the amount of more than $4.5 billion, in addition, loans were made in other countries , for example, for 21 million dollars in Israel), which should have been paid.
As a result, the country was unable to maintain the course national currency(in 1992, inflation was more than 20%). In 1976, banknotes of 2 colones were withdrawn from circulation, in 1982 - 1 colone, in 1995 - 50 colones, in 1997 - 200 colones. In 1990-2004, the following were in circulation: coins of 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 25 and 50 centavos, 1 colon; banknotes of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 colones.
Abandonment of the national currency
In 2001, the government of El Salvador decided to completely abandon the national currency and issue money by 2003. Since January 2001, $ (US dollar) has been introduced into circulation as the main currency; in 2004, the colon was completely withdrawn from circulation.
From the beginning of 2004 to the present, only the US dollar, issued by the Federal backup system; The Salvadoran government currently has no control over money supply in the country. Now in El Salvador the colon has completely ceased circulation; all transactions and official prices are made in dollars. Some prices in private stores “out of habit” are set in both dollars and colones.
| Salvadoran Colon (Russian) | |||
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Colón salvadoreño (Spanish)
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| Codes and symbols | |||
| ISO 4217 codes | SVC (222) | ||
| Abbreviations | ₡C | ||
| Territory of circulation | |||
| Issuing country | Salvador Salvador | ||
| Derived and parallel units | |||
| Fractional | centavo ( 1 ⁄ 100 ) | ||
| US dollar (USD) | |||
| History of currency | |||
| Introduced | 1919 | ||
| Predecessor currency | Salvadoran Peso | ||
| Rates as of February 28, 2019 | |||
| 1 RUB | = 0.1328 SVC | ||
| 1 USD | = 8.75 SVC | ||
| 1 EUR | = 9.989 SVC | ||
| 1 GBP | = 11.64 SVC | ||
| 1 JPY | = 0.07891 SVC | ||
| Salvadoran colon at Wikimedia Commons | |||
Salvadoran Colon(Spanish) Colón salvadoreño listen)) is the currency of El Salvador from 1919 to 2004. There are 100 centavos in one colon.
On October 1, 1892, the country's government decided to replace the Salvadoran peso, which had been in circulation from the 19th century to 1919, but monetary reform took place in 1919. The original exchange rate was set at 2 colones = 1 US dollar. In addition, gold and silver “tostón” coins remained in circulation until the 1920s.
In 1921, the government carried out a financial reform, according to which the ancient coins: “cuartilos”, “raciones”, “medios” and “reales” were withdrawn from circulation. The reform was supported by banks, but peasants and small traders (for whom gold and silver coins were not only a means of payment, but also the main means of savings and savings) opposed it, and spontaneous unrest swept across the country, during which several protesters and police were killed.
In 1931, the government abandoned the gold standard, and in 1934 the exchange rate was 2.5 colones to 1 US dollar.
Coins and banknotes[ | ]
Initially, banknotes were issued by three private banks ( Banco Salvadoreño, Banco Occidental And Banco Agricola Comercial), however, from June 19, 1934, the Central Reserve Bank of El Salvador became the sole issuer ( Banco Central de Reserva de El Salvador).
central bank printed banknotes in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 and 100 colones.
From the 1940s to 1968, El Salvador's economy developed quite steadily, mainly due to the export sectors of agriculture and partly the manufacturing industry. But in the summer of 1969, after the war with Honduras, the country found itself in a difficult situation: the price of a military victory was the complication of diplomatic relations with neighboring countries, economic difficulties and the need to accommodate a significant number of refugees on its territory.
In 1979-1992, the situation worsened even more, a protracted civil war led to the destruction of the country's economy, the formation of a colossal foreign debt that had to be paid (the US government provided El Salvador with financial and economic assistance in the amount of more than $ 4.5 billion, in addition, loans in other countries and from international financial institutions - for example, a long-term loan of $81 million from the International Monetary Fund, a loan of $21 million in Israel, and there was also a debt to Guatemala of about $20 million). As a result, the country was unable to maintain the exchange rate of the national currency: if at the beginning of 1988 the exchange rate was 5 colones per 1 US dollar, then in 1992 inflation was more than 20%. .
In 1976, banknotes of 2 colones were withdrawn from circulation, in 1982 - 1 colone, in 1995 - 50 colones, in 1997 - 200 colones.
In 1990-2004, the following were in circulation: coins in denominations of 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 25 and 50 centavos and 1 colon; banknotes in denominations of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 colones.
Abandonment of the national currency[ | ]
In 2001, the government of El Salvador decided to completely abandon the national currency and issue of money by 2003.
Since January 2001, $ (US dollar) has been introduced into circulation as the main currency; in 2004, the colon was completely withdrawn from circulation.
From the beginning of 2004 to the present, only the US dollar issued by the Federal Reserve System circulates in the country; At the moment, the Salvadoran government has no control over the money supply in the country. Now in El Salvador the colon has completely ceased circulation; all transactions and official prices are made in dollars. Some prices in private stores “out of habit” are set in both dollars and colones.
At the time of the abandonment of the colon, its exchange rate was 8.75 to one US dollar.
Class of 1999 [ | ]
| Front side | Reverse | Description and dimensions | Note | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 colones | ||||
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National Palace in San Salvador | All cliches of banknotes | |
| 10 colones | ||||
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Volcano Izalco | The reverse of all banknotes depicts a young Christopher Columbus. | |
| 25 colones | ||||
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Mayan pyramid in San Andres | ||
| 50 colones | ||||
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Lake Coatepec | ||
| 100 colones | ||||
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Mayan pyramid in Tazumala | ||
| 200 colones | ||||
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Monument to the Divine Savior of the World (Monumento al Divino Salvador del Mundo) | ||
Exchange rate regime[ | ]
| Market rate | |
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The Salvadoran colon was the currency of El Salvador from 1919 to 2004. A colon is equal to 100 centavos. Introduced instead of the previously circulated Salvadoran peso from the 19th century to 1919 with a rate of 2 colones = 1, from 1934 - 2.5 colones per dollar.
Story
In the early 1890s, coins of various origins and shapes, varying weights and fineness (moneda macuquina, moneda vencilla) were in circulation in El Salvador, as well as cash other countries - "North American dollar, Chilean, Peruvian coin, Guatemalan gold coin."
On October 1, 1892, the government of the country decided to replace the Salvadoran peso, which was in circulation from the 19th century to 1919, but the monetary reform took place in 1919. The original exchange rate was set at 2 colones = 1 US dollar. In addition, gold and silver “tostón” coins remained in circulation until the 1920s.
In 1921, the government carried out a financial reform, according to which the ancient coins: "cuartilos", "raciones", "medios" and "reales" were withdrawn from circulation. The reform was supported by banks, but peasants and small traders (for whom gold and silver coins were not only a means of payment, but also the main means of savings and savings) opposed it, and spontaneous unrest swept across the country, during which several protesters and police were killed. In 1931, the government abandoned the gold standard, and in 1934 the exchange rate was 2.5 colones to $1.
Coins and banknotes
Initially, banknotes were issued by three private banks (Banco Salvadoreño, Banco Occidental and Banco Agricola Comercial), but from June 19, 1934, the Central Bank became the sole issuer. reserve bank El Salvador (Banco Central de Reserva de El Salvador). The Central Bank printed banknotes in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 25 and 100 colones.
From the 1940s to 1968, El Salvador's economy developed quite steadily, mainly due to the export sectors of agriculture and partly the manufacturing industry. But in the summer of 1969, after the end of the war with Honduras, the country found itself in a difficult situation: the price of a military victory was the complication of diplomatic relations with neighboring countries, economic difficulties and the need to repatriate a significant number of refugees on its territory.
In 1979-1992, the situation became even more complicated, a protracted civil war led to the destruction of the country's economy, the formation of colossal foreign debt (the US government provided El Salvador with financial and economic assistance in the amount of more than $4.5 billion, in addition, loans were made in other countries , for example, for 21 million dollars in Israel), which should have been paid.
As a result, the country was unable to support the exchange rate of the national currency (in 1992, inflation was more than 20%). In 1976, banknotes of 2 colones were withdrawn from circulation, in 1982 - 1 colone, in 1995 - 50 colones, in 1997 - 200 colones. In 1990-2004, the following were in circulation: coins of 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 25 and 50 centavos, 1 colon; banknotes of 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 colones.
Abandonment of the national currency
In 2001, the government of El Salvador decided to completely abandon the national currency and issue money by 2003. Since January 2001, $ (US dollar) has been introduced into circulation as the main currency; in 2004, the colon was completely withdrawn from circulation.
From the beginning of 2004 to the present, only the US dollar issued by the Federal Reserve System has circulated in the country; At the moment, the Salvadoran government has no control over the money supply in the country. Now in El Salvador the colon has completely ceased circulation; all transactions and official prices are made in dollars. Some prices in private stores “out of habit” are set in both dollars and colones.
At the time of the abandonment of the colon, its exchange rate was 8.75 to one US dollar.
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5 Salvadoran colones |
5 Salvadoran colones - reverse side |
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10 Salvadoran colones |
10 Salvadoran colones - reverse side |
Have you decided to organize a holiday in El Salvador? Looking for the best hotels in El Salvador, last minute tours, resorts and last minute deals? Interested in the weather in El Salvador, prices, cost of travel, is a visa needed for El Salvador and would it be useful? detailed map? Would you like to see what El Salvador looks like in photos and videos? What excursions and attractions are there in El Salvador? What are the stars and reviews of hotels in El Salvador?
El Salvador is a country in Central America, bordered by Honduras in the east and north, and Guatemala in the west, and washed by the Pacific Ocean in the south.
Most of the country is a volcanic highland, the surface of which, with an average height of 600–700 m, decreases to the southeast and is deeply dissected by river valleys. Within the highlands rise two chains of volcanic cones, mostly extinct. The height of these cones is from 1200 to 2381 m (Santa Ana volcano in the west of the country). Lakes are found in intermountain depressions filled with volcanic ash. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions often occur.
Salvador airport
El Salvador International Airport
Hotels in El Salvador 1 - 5 stars
El Salvador weather
The climate is tropical trade wind. In most of the country (with the exception of the highest ranges on the border with Guatemala and volcanic peaks) temperatures are constantly above 18°C. In the city of San Salvador, the average annual temperature is 23°C, with the difference between the average temperatures of the warmest and coldest months not exceeding 3°C.
From May to October, heavy rainfall falls throughout the country, brought by winds from the Pacific Ocean, but the rest of the time dry northern winds prevail and there is almost no rain. In San Salvador the average annual amount precipitation is 1750 mm, of which 1600 mm falls during the rainy season.
Language of El Salvador
Official language: Spanish
His local dialect of Spanish, Salice, is used in everyday communication. In central areas and resort areas, many Salvadorans understand English language, the languages of the local Indian tribes are still spoken in the province, primarily Nahuatl, or Nahua.
Currency of El Salvador
International name: USD
Currency exchange can be done in banks or exchange offices, as well as in large hotels and airports.
Most hotels, restaurants, supermarkets and travel agencies accept payment. credit cards the world's leading systems, in the provinces their use is difficult and often simply impossible. Cities have a limited number of ATMs.
Travel checks can be cashed at any large bank or hotel if you have a passport.
Customs restrictions
Transit of currency is not limited.
Without imposing a duty, you can enter: alcoholic beverages - up to 3 liters. (persons over 18 years old), candy, chocolate, etc. - up to 2 kg, cigarettes - up to 200 pcs., or 50 cigars, or 500 gr. tobacco All items that are brought with you must be indicated in the declaration, which must be filled out upon entry. If you have computers, optics, photo, audio and video equipment, then you can import these items, but only 1 unit of each.
The transit of: weapons, drugs and a number of medicines, archaeological valuables, antiques, rare animals and birds, their stuffed animals and skins is prohibited.
Mains voltage
Tips
In good restaurants, tips amount to up to 10% of the bill; some restaurants include payment for services in the bill up front, which is usually clearly indicated. It is also customary to tip the porter ($1 per seat) and the guide. Taxi drivers usually do not expect a tip unless the car has been rented for the day. It is usually recommended to agree on the amount of payment for the trip in advance, before getting into the car.
Purchases
Shops are usually open from Monday to Saturday, from 08.00 to 12.00 and from 14.00 to 18.00. Many grocery stores are open until 19.00-21.00. The traditional siesta for the countries of the region usually occurs in most establishments from 12.00 to 14.00, although many large retail outlets leave several shifting employees in the hall during this time. Some private shops, mainly in small towns, close for breakfast (usually from 9.00 to 10.00-11.00), but in this case they work without a break.
You can bargain in all markets and in most private shops. For handicraft products, the price is usually set quite rigidly and it is unlikely that it will be possible to “bring it down”.
VAT (IVA) of 10% applies to all goods and services. However, in some cases, sellers “forget” to indicate it on the price tags, so when purchasing something you should first make sure of the final purchase amount.
Office hours
Banks are open on weekdays from 9.00 to 13.00 and from 13.45 to 17.00, on Saturdays - from 9.00 to 13.00. Sunday is a day off. Most banks are closed on the last two days of the month or decade.
Photo and video shooting
It is not recommended to photograph military installations, transport hubs and law enforcement officials. If necessary, take a photo local resident You should definitely get his permission to do this in advance (this is usually completely free, although a small fee for filming will be gratefully accepted).
Safety
El Salvador remains a fairly dangerous place to travel. More than half of the population constantly carries firearms or bladed weapons. It is recommended to always take a taxi after dark, even if traveling a short distance. Not recommended for display large sums cash or expensive photo or video equipment, watches or jewelry. You should always take security measures against pickpockets, especially in crowded areas or on transport. A specific type of local crime is thriving - bus robberies.
Code of the country: +503
Geographic first level domain name:.sv