Clients of financial institutions regularly encounter the concept of interest rates. The annual rate is used when calculating loans and opening deposits. In the first case, the borrower pays money to the bank, and in the second case, the financial institution rewards the client for the placed deposit. The article deals with calculations that relate to deposits with and without interest capitalization.

You can perform calculations on a calculator, as well as using MS Excel.

The need for calculations arises in cases where the client wants to know the amount of profit. Based on the result, we can conclude that the appeal to the bank is relevant. Also the customer who knows how to calculate 15 per annum from the amount, will be able to verify the honesty of the bank.

Without a doubt, the entire accrual process occurs automatically. But no one is immune from the incorrect operation of the system, and most often, failures occur not in favor of the client.

If we are talking about a deposit without capitalization, then the calculations are performed according to the elementary formula:

C \u003d (Sv x% x Dn) / Dg, where

• C - the amount of interest;
• St - total amount deposit;
• % - rate (for example, 10% per annum - 0.10);
• Days - the number of days in a year when interest will be calculated;
• Dg is the total number of days.

To determine the value of Days, you need to look into the contract. It must indicate the number of days for which financial institution will charge %.

To understand the issue, it is better to turn to examples. So, the client draws up 500,000 rubles at the bank for six months at 10% per annum. Hence the question arises: 10 percent per annum, how much per month income will the investor receive?

If we talk about the nuances, then it all depends on the number of days, which can be 30 and 31.

So, in the first case, the depositor will receive 4,109.58 rubles, and in the second - 4,246.57. The basis for the calculations are the formulas:

1. (500,000 x 0.1 x 30) / 365;
2. (500,000 x 0.1 x 31) / 365.

IN this case Consider a year with 365 days. Also keep in mind that February has fewer days.

Second example. Calculation of the total amount of interest. For the entire period, the bank's client will receive 49,863.01: calculation of interest per annum formula- (500,000 x 0.1 x 364) / 365. The formula indicates 364 days, since the closing day of the deposit does not provide for the calculation of interest. It is important to carefully read the contract, since the day the account was opened may also not be taken into account.

You also need to dwell on a more complex calculation. For example, a bank client on March 1 had 500,000 rubles in his account. On March 14, he replenished the deposit by 50,000 rubles, and on March 20 he withdrew 450,000.

The deposit rate is 8%. At the first stage, it is necessary to calculate the number of days during which the money was in the deposit account. According to the conditions, the following results can be presented:

• 500,000 - 13 days;
• 550,000 - 6 days;
• 70,000 - 11 days.

Calculations are performed as follows: (500,000 x 0.08 x 13) + (550,000 x 0.08 x 6) + (70,000 x 0.08 x 11) / 365 = 2,316.71 rubles.

There is also a formula for this, which everyone can figure out, even without an economic education. The formula has the following form Sp \u003d Sv x (1 +%) k - Sv, where:

• Cn - the amount of the deposit;
• % - percentage in the period of capitalization;
• k is the number of periods of capitalization.

Exponentiation can be done on a calculator, computer, or mobile device. To understand the calculations, it is necessary to refer to the examples. So the client places in investment fund 500,000 rubles under 30 per annum is how much per month?

To calculate the monthly income, you need to get the rate at the time of capitalization for the month:% = 0.3 x 1/12 = 0.0250. Now the calculation is performed according to the formula: 500,000 x (1 + 0.0250) 12 - 500,000 \u003d (500,000 x 1.344) - 500,000 \u003d 172,000 rubles. To simplify calculations with exponentiation, you can use online services.

For bank customers who often have to take out loans or arrange deposits much easier to use Excel. computer program set up very quickly.

The user will only have to specify certain values, so how to calculate annual percentage The program will be in automatic mode.

With the help of software, you can save a lot of time, and get the most accurate results that exclude the human factor.

Many readers may ask a relevant question: why do such calculations on your own, because there are calculators on the website of almost any bank. Indeed, annual percentage of the amount can be calculated on the online calculator of a banking institution or a third-party service. With the help of such calculators, you can calculate almost everything, from the percentage of annuity payments to the effective annual rate.

The problem is that no one except the owners of the site can know what formulas are included in the online calculator.

It is not known in whose favor the calculator testifies. But this does not mean that all calculators "lie". It is enough for the user to check the calculator several times and apply it on an ongoing basis. It's not hard to check, how to calculate deposit interest after reading this article everyone can.

After reading the material and considering examples of calculations, anyone will be able to check how honestly the bank calculates interest on the deposit.

Surely, many potential borrowers dream of a loan at 0 percent. And who, tell me, does not dream of this? And indeed some financial structures They offer this type of loan. What's the catch? Let's figure it out.

Imagine a bank, a large financial institution whose work is primarily aimed at making a profit. A quite logical question arises: why would a bank that makes money issue funds at 0%? By the way, according to the law, the provision of loans under zero percent prohibited, so the interest rate must be present in any case.

When does the bank offer to use a "zero" loan?

• The most common option is to buy a product in a store. Similar offers are found, for example, in electronics stores. You come to the store, choose, say, a TV and buy it on credit at 0%. How is this possible, you ask, especially after you learned that it is forbidden to issue a loan at 0 percent? In fact, the interest rate on the loan does not disappear, it's just that the buyer does not need to know about it. The store independently makes a discount on the product, which in turn compensates for the interest on loan offer. Less common are situations when the store itself pays the interest on a bank loan. Some car dealerships work this way.

• When buying an apartment, you can find offers for interest-free installments. Of course, it is very difficult to meet such an offer in real life, because the demand for interest-free installments is huge, and there are very few real offers. unlike a loan, it really may not imply an interest rate, especially since it is usually an installment plan from the developer himself, but such a program has a number additional conditions prescribed in the contract.

• Another option is credit card co grace period when the bank places its available funds and allows them to be paid to the client within a certain period of time.

Where to look for benefits for the bank?

Again, we recall that banks are created not only to help the population, but also for their own benefit. Therefore, let's try to find benefits in the "zero" offers offered by banks.

• So, first. For the purchase of goods on credit or receipt of funds at the bank office, a commission for issuing funds, issuing a card, insurance, etc. will be charged. Please note that the commission is not always a one-time fee - often it is monthly.

• If we are talking, for example, about buying the same TV, then its price may be too high compared to other stores. The inflated cost may include an interest rate that the potential buyer will not know anything about. Another option can also be used, when a significant discount is made on the cost of the TV for the buyer for cash, while the goods are sold on credit at the price indicated on the price tag.

• Such a scheme is less commonly used: when buying a product, the buyer makes an initial payment, while taking the product not on credit, but in installments. In turn, the store sells the debt to a credit institution, which pays the store not the entire debt, but only a certain amount in order to profit from this kind of transaction.

• As for the same, in some cases it is really possible to purchase a car at 0% - the interest rate is compensated by the state. Of course, such programs are only possible during the period state support and only on certain models.

Is it worth using a loan at 0 percent?

Please note that commissions and other fees can be so high that they easily exceed the normal interest rate on a loan, so the bank will not be left without its earned funds.

The borrower should read the contract carefully. If there are points that confuse you, it is better to consult a lawyer on this matter, because, as it was written above, commissions can be very high.

If we are talking about the already mentioned car loan, then one of the main conditions of the contract is usually a large amount of the initial payment, which can be as high as 50%, and this, even if we take into account the cost of the car at 600 thousand rubles, is very, very large sum, which not every buyer has (300,000 rubles in our case).

As for the installment plan when buying a home, it can indeed be interest-free, but, as mentioned above, it has its own characteristics, prescribed in the contract.

Total

There are indeed many on the market. advantageous offers, but there are also those that can be called simply - cheese in a mousetrap. Carefully study the contract and only if there are no pitfalls in it, sign it. This will help avoid problems with credit funds.

22.06.2017 0

Today, banks offer many services to the population, the most popular of which are lending and depositing. Policies regarding loans and deposits are largely controlled by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, as well as legislative acts Russia. However, banks have the right to provide loans and place deposits on certain conditions, if this does not contradict the law.
According to statistics, every 10th Russian is a client of this or that bank. That is why the question of how the calculation is made is so important. annual interest loan or bank deposit. In most cases, interest refers to the size of the bet. The total amount of overpayment on the loan depends on the rate, as well as the amount monthly payment.

Annual percentage of deposits: calculation according to the formula

First of all, let's consider bank deposits. The conditions are specified in the agreement at the time of opening a deposit account. Interest is charged on the deposited amount. This is a monetary reward that the bank pays to the depositor for the use of his money.

The Civil Code of the Russian Federation provides for the possibility of citizens to withdraw a deposit at any time, along with accrued interest.

All the nuances, conditions and requirements for the deposit are reflected in the agreement between the bank and the depositor. The calculation of annual interest is carried out in two ways:

Annual percentage of the loan: calculation by the formula

Today, the demand for loans is huge, but the popularity of one or another loan product depends on the annual interest rate. In turn, the amount of the monthly payment depends on the interest rate.

When considering the issue of calculating interest on a loan, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the basic definitions and features of lending in Russian banking institutions.

The annual interest rate is sum of money, which the borrower undertakes to pay at the end of the year. However, interest is usually calculated on a monthly or daily basis for short-term loans.

No matter how attractive the interest rate on a loan looks, it should be understood that loans are never issued free of charge. It does not matter what type of loan is taken: a mortgage, a consumer loan or a car loan, the bank will still be paid an amount more than they took. To calculate the amount monthly payments, you must divide the annual rate by 12. In some cases, the lender sets the daily interest rate.

Example: a loan is taken at 20% per annum. How much interest from the body of the loan is required to pay daily? We believe: 20% : 365 = 0,054% .

Before signing a loan agreement, it is recommended to carefully analyze your financial position and also make predictions for the future. Today the average rate in Russian banks is approximately 14%, so the overpayment on the loan and monthly payments can be quite large. If the borrower is unable to repay the debt, this will lead to the imposition of penalties, lawsuits and loss of property.

It is also worth knowing that interest rates may vary depending on their condition.:

• constant - the rate does not change and is set for the entire loan repayment period;
• floating depends on many parameters, for example, on the exchange rate, inflation, refinancing rate, etc.;
• multilevel - the main criterion for the rate is the amount of the remaining debt.

Having become familiar with the basic concepts, you can proceed to the calculation of the interest rate on a loan. For this you need:

1. Find out the balance at the time of settlement and the amount of debt. For example, the balance is 3000 rubles.
2. Find out the cost of all elements of the loan by taking an extract from the loan account: 30 rubles.
   Using the formula, divide 30 by 3000, you get 0.01.
3. We multiply the resulting value by 100. The result is a rate that regulates monthly payments: 0.01 x 100 = 1%.

To calculate the annual rate, you need to multiply 1% by 12 months: 1 x 12 = 12% per annum.

Mortgage loans are calculated much more difficult, because include many variables. For a correct calculation, the loan amount and interest rate will not be enough. It is better to use a calculator that will help you calculate the approximate rate and amount of monthly mortgage payments.

Calculation of annual interest on a loan. Online calculator (balance by month and overpayment amount)

For a detailed determination of the annual interest on the loan, the distribution of the balance of the loan body by month and year, as well as displaying information in the form of a graph or table, you can use the online calculator for calculating

Banking organizations are issuing borrowed money for the use of which the borrower has to pay a certain percentage. In order to save on overpayment, each person strives to find an offer with the lowest annual rate and considers lending programs with a zero annual rate to be a real happiness.

Not everyone thinks about why financial institutions develop proposals that will not bring them any benefit. Having met loan program, for which the bank offers to issue a loan at 0%, you should not immediately sign the contract; it is important to carefully study all its conditions prescribed in the agreement.

Who has to pay for an interest-free loan?

Banking organizations do not engage in charity, and therefore they will not enter into transactions that will not benefit them. The conditions that a person sees in advertising can be very different from reality. This should always be remembered. Each interest-free loan that was issued by the bank brings him a profit, and sometimes such a profit is significant.

When issuing such loans, the bulk of the income comes to the bank from commissions. These can be monthly or one-time commissions. Some of these commissions are included immediately in the cost of the goods, by agreement with the seller. A credit consultant will never talk about such methods of earning, on the contrary, a financial institution will carefully hide all this, including in loan agreement, otherwise it may lose a potential borrower. It is for this reason that experts recommend that when obtaining an interest-free loan, you should especially carefully study loan agreement, including small fonts and all kinds of footnotes, since important information often try to hide it in them.

Fee masking

Commissions through which a financial institution receives planned earnings can be masked different ways. In some cases, a financial institution agrees to issue a loan at 0% only upon payment of a one-time commission. Many borrowers consider it down payment, in fact, the funds do not go to pay the debt, but are the net income of the creditor. With the rest of the payments, the borrower will pay off his debt in full.

There are still financial institutions that have not abandoned the use of the commission, which acts as a fee for opening credit account and other bank operations that, by law, a financial institution is obliged to provide free of charge. There are financial organizations that should be paid at all only for the fact that they will accept the application for consideration, while it may be denied a loan and no one will return the payment to the person.

In case of commodity credit you may not find any additional commissions in the contract, because the lender's income is already included in the price of the goods, which can be purchased under the interest-free lending program. So it turns out that the cost of an interest-free loan may turn out to be more than the cost of a standard one. bank loan.

We talked about it in more detail in one of our previous reviews.

Promotion! Loans 0% without overpayments! Surely everyone noticed the widespread advertising of this kind. As you probably guess, something is not right here... In any case, in our country, I have never seen money handed out really for free. Let's try to figure out what's the catch here and find the main pitfalls of lending under 0%.

To do this, I propose to first divide all 0% loans without overpayments into two types:

1. Loans issued by banks;

2. Credits issued by shops.

Let's consider each of these types of loans separately.

Loans 0% without overpayments in banks.

Bank lending is based on the fact that banks attract cash cheaper and redistribute them into more expensive loans. As you understand, not a single bank will work at a loss, so this kind of advertising is nothing more than a lure for narrow-minded and financially illiterate people.

What's the catch here? First of all - in the commissions. Previously, banks received mainly interest income from loans, and everything was simple and clear. Now interest on a loan is often accompanied by numerous commissions, in which the devil himself will break his leg. Moreover, paying commissions to the bank, from the point of view of the borrower, is much more unprofitable than paying interest.

For example, when lending for a year with monthly repayment in equal parts, a one-time commission of 10% of the loan amount will be equivalent to interest accrued on the balance of the debt at a rate of 20% per annum! That is, the numbers differ by 2 times!

In general, the bank can invent a huge number of fees that the borrower will pay, despite the fact that he will take a loan at 0% per annum:

- consideration commission loan application;

- commission for issuing a loan;

– commission for opening a loan account;

– commission for opening a current account;

- issuance fee plastic card to apply for a loan;

- commission for annual maintenance plastic card;

- commission for cash withdrawal from the cash desk;

– commission for monthly maintenance of an account or card;

– commission for loan repayment (for each payment);

– commission for servicing the loan (monthly or annual);

- commission for early repayment credit;

– commission for closing accounts after repayment of the loan;

- etc.

Therefore, if a bank offers a loan at 0% per annum - such a loan provides for a number of the above commissions, which will certainly cost the borrower no less than a traditional loan at an interest rate, and in many cases - much more expensive!

Loans 0% without overpayments in stores.

Here we will talk about the loans that stores provide in order to increase sales. Not bank employees who issue loans in stores, but the stores themselves!

In stores, I really know cases when goods are sold by installments without any overpayments by the buyer. Most often, of course, such overpayments are still present, but in some cases they are not. What's the catch here?

The catch here is the price of the goods, which are sold on credit at 0% without overpayments. Its price is certainly higher than that of competitors, and, moreover, higher than in online stores. This price already includes the overpayment paid by the buyer who agreed to purchase this product in installments at 0%.

In addition, stores often sell the remnants of obsolete goods in a similar way, for which demand is falling sharply (for example, household or computer equipment, Cell phones previous generations, etc.). In order to sell obsolete goods, the store announces an installment sale promotion at 0% and, thus, there are buyers who agree to such conditions.

When buying goods on credit at 0% without overpayments in stores, you probably buy them at an inflated cost, or these goods are obsolete and the store is trying to sell what no one needs anymore with such a promotion.

I reviewed the main pitfalls of lending at 0%. Remember that neither the store nor, especially, the bank will ever engage in this kind of “charity”. And under the tempting advertisement “0% without overpayments” there are always many pitfalls that gullible people continue to stumble upon. And then, when “all the cards are revealed”, disappointment comes and a strong opinion is formed that