How to use the additional capital in case of depreciation of fixed assets, in case of disposal of previously revalued fixed assets, with a negative exchange rate difference? How to direct additional capital to increase authorized capital? How to distribute additional capital among shareholders (participants)? We will try to answer all these questions in this article.
General procedure for the use of additional capital
According to the amounts credited to account 83 “Additional capital”, as a rule, they are not written off. Debit entries on it can take place only in the following cases:- repayment of depreciation amounts non-current assets, revealed as a result of its revaluation - in correspondence with the accounts of assets for which a decrease in value was determined;
- the direction of funds to increase the authorized capital - in correspondence with account 75 "Settlements with the founders" or account 80 "Authorized capital";
- distribution of amounts between the founders of the enterprise - in correspondence with account 75 "Settlements with the founders", etc. A special case of use additional capital we can name the write-off from additional capital of the difference between the amount of recalculated depreciation and the amount of accumulated depreciation, which is obtained in the case of revaluation of fixed assets.
Use of additional capital when depreciating fixed assets
The procedure for conducting revaluations is regulated PBU 6/01 “Accounting for fixed assets» . According to par. 6 p. 15 PBU 6/01 the amount of depreciation of the fixed asset as a result of revaluation is included in the financial result as other expenses. The amount of depreciation of the fixed asset is attributed to the reduction of the additional capital of the enterprise, formed at the expense of the revaluation amounts this object carried out in previous reporting periods. The excess of the amount of depreciation of the object over the amount of its revaluation, credited to the additional capital of the enterprise as a result of the revaluation carried out in previous reporting periods, is charged to the financial result as other expenses.Change original cost in the event of a discount within the previous revaluation of the relevant objects, it is reflected in the debit of account 83 "Additional capital" in correspondence with account 01 "Fixed assets". At the same time, depreciation shall be reduced within the limits of the previous revaluation by accounting entry on the debit of account 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets" and the credit of account 83 "Additional capital".
Example 1
The enterprise conducts a write-down of fixed assets, the result of which is reflected in the accounting as of 01/01/2014. Previously, the object was subject to revaluation by revaluation with reference to additional capital:
On account 01 "Fixed assets" - 12,861.36 rubles;
On account 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets" - 1,534.23 rubles.
Excluding the current revaluation, the book value of the object is 129,186.14 rubles, depreciation - 15,410.60 rubles.
According to the revaluation statement as of 01.01.2014, the writedown amount on account 01 "Fixed assets" is 14,535.48 rubles, on account 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets", respectively, 1,733.94 rubles.
The following entries will be made in accounting:
| Contents of operation | Debit | Credit | Amount, rub. |
| 31.12.2013 | |||
| Reflected the amount of depreciation of the fixed asset within the limits of the previously made revaluation | 83 | 01 | 12 861,36 |
| The previously made revaluation of account 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets” was attributed to additional capital | 02 | 83 | 1 534,23 |
| Reflected the amount of depreciation of the fixed asset in excess of the previously made revaluation (14,535.48 - 12,861.36) rubles | 91-2 | 01 | 1 674,12 |
| The write-down of account 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets” was attributed to other income in excess of the amount of the previously made revaluation (1,733.94 - 1,534.23) rubles | 02 | 91-1 | 199,71 |
According to Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts analytical accounting on account 83 "Additional capital" is organized in such a way as to ensure the formation of information on the sources of education and directions for the use of funds. With regard to the increase in the value of property during revaluation, this means that analytical accounting should be organized by objects, so that it is always possible to identify the amount of additional capital attributable to each object for subsequent revaluations.
Use of additional capital upon disposal of previously revalued fixed assets
According to the last paragraph clause 15 PBU 6/01 upon disposal of an object of fixed assets, the amount of its revaluation is transferred from the additional capital of the enterprise to retained earnings enterprises.
The disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment takes place in the event of sale, termination of use due to moral or physical wear and tear, liquidation in case of an accident, natural disaster and other emergency, transfers in the form of a contribution to the authorized (share) capital of another organization, unit trust, transfers under an exchange agreement, donation, making a deposit under an agreement on joint activities, detection of shortage or damage to assets during their inventory, partial liquidation during the performance of reconstruction work, in other cases ( clause 29 PBU 6/01).
The Ministry of Finance considers it acceptable to write off the additional capital formed as a result of the revaluation of property only upon disposal of the latter. Even when 100% depreciation has been accrued on an object, it is too early to write off additional capital: if a fully depreciated object is subjected to reconstruction, modernization that will change its value, then there will again be a basis for its revaluation in the future.
Upon disposal of fixed assets subjected to revaluation, the following postings are made:
- Debit 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets" Credit 01 "Fixed assets"- written off depreciation of fixed assets;
- Debit 91-2 "Other expenses" Credit 01 "Fixed assets"- written off residual value of fixed assets;
- Debit 83 "Additional capital" Credit 84 "Retained earnings ( uncovered loss)» - the amount of the revaluation of the retired fixed asset was written off.
Example 2
The enterprise sold the object of fixed assets for 118,000 rubles, including VAT - 18,000 rubles. Book value object - 161,490.45 rubles, depreciation - 43,871.14 rubles. The result of the revaluation of the object in the amount of 22,894.12 rubles is recorded on the additional capital. The transfer of the object to the buyer took place on 12.02.2014, cash received on February 19, 2014.
In accounting, the company will make the following entries:
| Contents of operation | Debit | Credit | Amount, rub. |
| 12.02.2014 | |||
| Written off depreciation of fixed assets | 02 | 01 | 43 871,14 |
| Written off residual value of fixed assets (161,490.45 - 43,871.14) rubles | 91-2 | 01 | 117 619,31 |
| Sales revenue recognized | 62 | 91-1 | 118 000 |
| VAT charged | 91-2 | 68 | 18 000 |
| The amount of the revaluation was written off in connection with the disposal of the object | 83 | 84 | 22 894,12 |
| 19.02.2014 | |||
| Cash received from sales | 51 | 62 | 118 000 |
| 28.02.2014 | |||
| Recognized loss on sale as part of closing turnovers | 99 | 91-9 | 17 619,31 |
The crediting of additional capital to profit from the retired object is economically justified, since the enterprise, through depreciation, wrote off not only the initial cost of the object, but also the revaluation amount as expenses.
Example 3
Let an object of fixed assets have an initial cost of 5,000 rubles, depreciation of 1,000 rubles has been accrued. As a result of the revaluation replacement cost amounted to 7,000 rubles, depreciation - 1,400 rubles, the increase in the value of property during revaluation - 1,600 rubles. (2000 - 400).
To determine the impact on capital of all transactions made from the moment of acquisition of the object to its disposal, we will describe them schematically.
Reduced capital due to depreciation until the re-evaluation - 1,000 rubles.
The capital was increased due to the revaluation of the initial cost - 2,000 rubles.
Reduced capital due to revaluation of depreciation - 400 rubles.
Reduced capital due to depreciation from the replacement cost of the object - 5,600 rubles. (7,000 - 1,000 - 400).
The capital structure was changed by writing off additional capital to profit - 1,600 rubles.
Total capital reduced by 5,000 rubles. (-1,000 + 2,000 - 400 - 5,600), which is the initial cost of the object.
If the object was not revalued, then the capital would also be reduced by 5,000 rubles. by charging depreciation from the initial cost of the object.
The final entry upon disposal of the object for writing off additional capital on credit of retained earnings does not change the value equity, since both additional capital and profit are parts of it. However, the amount of additional capital usually not written off- then the profit is the source of payment of dividend income. Based on this provision, the author urges to be very careful about the use of additional capital formed through the revaluation of fixed assets, which will be discussed in more detail below.
Use of additional capital to increase the authorized capital
Civil law allows to increase the authorized capital at the expense of the property of the enterprise itself ( item 1 And 5 st. 28JSC Law , paragraph 2 of Art. 17LLC Law).In practice, an increase in the authorized capital at the expense of own property is carried out by directing funds of additional capital and (or) retained earnings to the authorized capital (subject to the conditions established by par. 2 p. 5 art. 28 JSC Law, paragraph 2 of Art. 18 LLC Law).
The use of additional capital to increase the authorized capital is reflected in the entry Debit 83 "Additional capital" Credit 80 "Authorized capital".
As part of the additional capital are funds of a different nature. The share premium of a joint-stock company, as well as the difference between the selling and nominal value of the shares of an LLC, is formed from the real inflow of funds. There is no doubt that share premium can be used to increase the authorized capital, since by origin these are funds transferred by shareholders (participants).
As for the possibility of directing the increase in the value of property during revaluation to the authorized capital, the situation here is different. This part of the additional capital was formed by an accounting entry that does not increase the cash flow in any way. The enterprise recognized that the market value of its fixed assets is higher than the book value, reflecting this increase by making an entry on the debit of account 01 “Fixed assets” and the credit of account 83 “Additional capital”. In the future, the fate of this part of the additional capital is decided as follows:
- or goes to carry out a markdown in the event that in the future the market value of fixed assets will fall;
- or credited to retained earnings in the event of disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment.
Example 4
On November 25, 2013, the shareholders' meeting decided to increase the authorized capital of the OJSC by 6 million rubles. by increasing the nominal value of shares at the expense of additional capital. At the time of the decision, share premium is 7,800 million rubles. Registration of changes in the charter was made on 05.12.2013.
The following entries were made in the accounting records of the enterprise:
Use of additional capital in the event of a negative exchange rate difference
In accordance with clause 14 PBU 3/2006 “Accounting for assets and liabilities, the value of which is expressed in foreign currency» the exchange rate difference arising when a foreign investor makes a contribution to the authorized capital in foreign currency shall be credited to the additional capital of the enterprise.If during the time between the recognition of the investor's debt and the introduction of foreign currency by him, the exchange rate of foreign currency against the ruble fell, then a negative exchange rate difference arises.
accounting records in this case they will look like this:
- Debit 75 "Settlements with founders" Credit 80 "Authorized capital" - formation of debt of a foreign founder at an agreed rate;
- Debit 52 " Currency accounts» Loan 75 “Settlements with founders” - receipt from the foreign founder of foreign currency at the exchange rate as of the date of crediting to the currency account;
- Debit 83 "Additional capital" Credit 75 "Settlements with the founders" - reflection of a negative exchange rate difference.
Moreover, if we are talking about a newly created enterprise, then a negative balance will be formed on account 83 “Additional capital”.
Example 5
The value of the authorized capital of CJSC Yenisei, according to the charter, is 3 million rubles. The shares are distributed between two shareholders: Strelets LLC - 2 million rubles, Wolf Limited - 1 million rubles.
According to the agreement on the establishment of CJSC Yenisei dated September 05, 2013, Strelets LLC pays its share in rubles, and Wolf Limited pays in foreign currency in the amount of USD 29,881.43.
State registration of CJSC "Yenisei" was made on 12.09.2013.
Payment to Strelets LLC and Wolf Limited was made on 20.09.2013.
The US dollar exchange rate as of 09/05/2013 is 33.4656 rubles/USD, as of 09/20/2013 - 31.5892 rubles/USD.
In accounting, the company will make the following entries:
| Contents of operation | Debit | Credit | Amount, rub. |
| 12.09.2013 | |||
| The authorized capital was formed at the expense of the share of Strelets LLC | 75-1 | 80 | 2 000 000 |
| The authorized capital was formed at the expense of the share of Wolf Limited | 75-1 | 80 | 1 000 000 |
| 20.09.2013 | |||
| A contribution was made by Strelets LLC | 51 | 75-1 | 2 000 000 |
| Contributed by Wolf Limited (USD 29,881.43 × RUB 31.5892/USD) | 52 | 75-1 | 943 930,47 |
| Negative foreign exchange difference attributed to the reduction of additional capital | 83 | 75-1 | 56 069,53 |
Distribution of additional capital among shareholders (participants)
Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts it is stipulated that the amounts on account 83 "Additional capital" can be distributed among the founders. The distribution of the additional capital of an operating enterprise may raise questions regarding the legitimacy of such an operation and the nature of this income for shareholders (participants). However, when the enterprise is liquidated, all doubts are dispelled, since the balance of all funds and reserves, including additional capital, are closed to account 75 “Settlements with the founders”.
When distributing additional capital among shareholders (participants), account 83 “Additional capital” is debited and account 75 “Settlements with founders” is credited.
The liquidation balance sheet of an LLC consists of account balances.
Example 6
Upon liquidation, the funds will be written off in the following transactions:
Conclusion
We have finished reviewing options use of additional capital. We note in particular that current procedure reference accounting there is no provision for the allocation of additional capital to cover losses. In general, it can be argued that the use of additional capital is limited, as indicated by the words from Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts that he (additional capital), as a rule, is not written off. However, there are no legal barriers against directing that part of the additional capital, which is formed through the revaluation of property, to an increase in the authorized capital or to payments to participants. Therefore, in such cases, the author suggests that chief accountants inform managers about the above-mentioned risks of using additional capital.Accounting for additional and reserve capital is an important part of business accounting.
It must be made on statutory debit and credit accounts and be reflected in tax reporting.
Extra capital
This parameter refers to the part monetary assets enterprises,
whose actual cost increased as a result of revaluation or other non-financial injections.
Additional capital is formed by summing up four main indicators:
- Issuance income. It represents a mark-up on the company's shares for third-party buyers.
- Income from the difference in exchange rates. It is formed when calculating the share of capital in foreign currency or as a result of transfers. In fact, this value can be negative.
- Markup on own funds enterprises. These include the property of the organization and the means of production.
- Recovered VAT (is a component of additional capital since 2006 by order of the Ministry of Finance No. 07-0506).
Additional capital is formed from "random" types of profits that the organization does not plan, but may assume their occurrence.
Additional capital, postings.
Additional capital contains information about the change in the assets of the organization, not caused by any financial manipulation.
To reflect it in the accounting
- credit account No. 83 "Additional capital" is applied.
- Income received as a result of the sale of shares of enterprises at a price higher than the actual price is reflected in the account in correspondence with account No. 74.
- When revaluing the company's property, additional capital is reflected in accounts No. 01 or No. 02.
Additional capital with a negative balance must be reflected without fail
It is also necessary when
- additional injections into the capital of the organization,
- division of assets between the founders,
- allocation to one of the shareholders of the company of his share.
Example of posting additional capital.
When revaluing tangible assets and means of production in production, an increase of 100,000 rubles (from 500,000 rubles to 600,000 rubles) was revealed. The amount of depreciation for the same period of time amounted to 50,000 rubles.
The accounting entry will look like this:
Debit 01, Credit 83 - 100,000 rubles.
Debit 83, Credit 02 - (600.000 / 500.000) * 50.000-50.000 = 10.000 rubles.
Based on this, the actual increase in additional capital amounted to:
100.000 - 10.000 = 90.000 rubles.
This additional capital was formed due to an increase in the average market value of the equipment used.
Reserve capital
This part of tangible assets represents a certain share of the organization's capital, which plays the role of a kind of buffer.
According to the law (FZ No. 208), it minimum size must be 5% of the authorized capital (capital determined by the charters of the organization)
and be at least 5% of the profits generated in the previous year.
In the case of unitary enterprises, its size is determined by the organization itself.
The formation of a reserve is mandatory for OJSC and CJSC, unitary enterprises and voluntary for LLC
Its formation is recorded on debit account No. 84 "Unrecorded profit" or No. 82 "Reserve capital" and occurs due to the following components:
- reserve fund;
- funds provided for by the charter of the organization;
- shareholder fund (for JSC);
Reserve capital in enterprises serves the following purposes:
- Coverage of losses in the event of any.
- Payment of loans to the organization.
- Buyback of shares.
- Payment of debts in bankruptcy.
- Guarantee of interests of shareholders and/or founders of the organization.
Posting reserve capital.
The use of reserve capital and its replenishment should be reflected in the following credit accounts:
- Account No. 84 "Uncovered loss".
- Account No. 66 "Settlements on short-term credits and loans".
- Account No. 67 “Settlements for long-term loans and loans."
Accounting is carried out in correspondence with debit 84 or 82.
Example of a reserve capital posting.
The reserve fund of the organization includes 350,000 rubles, of which 100,000 rubles, according to the charter, are intended to cover losses when they occur.
The wiring will look like:
Debit 82 Credit 84 100.000 rubles.
Redistribution of reserve and additional capital during the reorganization of the enterprise
Rules and necessary procedures for registration financial statements during the reorganization of the enterprise, they are determined by order of the Ministry of Finance No. 44n.
When merging or transforming organizations, there are no difficulties.
In the first case, the reserve funds are summed up, in the second case they remain unchanged.
It is a common practice to close all credit and debit accounts, except for No. 84, which actually holds additional and reserve capital.
Ways to form additional and reserve capital in this case does not matter.
When the enterprise is divided, they are also subject to distribution.
According to paragraph 26 of the above order, the procedure is carried out at a general meeting of shareholders, founders or managers, at which the procedure for dividing the authorized reserve and additional capital is determined.
The decision regarding the reserve is based on the goals of creating the funds that form it
For example, if the reserve capital was insurance for shareholders, then its division takes place in accordance with the share of shares.
In the case of an LLC, it is also possible to apply an equity distribution in relation to the entire authorized capital.
1. Increase in the value of fixed assets, intangible assets as a result of revaluation (revaluation). Due to the fact that the issue of accounting for operations on the revaluation of fixed assets and intangible assets is disclosed in detail in the relevant sections on the issues of accounting for fixed assets and intangible assets, we will focus only on the main aspects of making accounting entries.
In accordance with the Accounting Regulations "Accounting for Fixed Assets" PBU 6/01 and "Accounting for Intangible Assets" PBU 14/07 commercial organizations granted the right to revaluate groups of homogeneous fixed assets, intangible assets at current (replacement) cost no more than once a year as of January 1 (revaluation results are reflected in the financial statements at the beginning of the year).
The resulting positive difference between the current (replacement) cost of objects and their initial cost, determined by the results of the revaluation (revaluation was carried out for the first time or revaluation for objects that had only been revalued before), and the positive difference between the amount of the revaluation and the amount of the previous markdown of the object (revaluation of the object , which was previously discounted) forms the additional capital of the organization. During the revaluation, the amount of accumulated depreciation is also recalculated. The following entries are made in the accounts.
Revaluation of the revalued object is carried out for the first time:
D-t01 - Kt 83 - reflects the amount of revaluation of the initial cost of the fixed asset;
Dt 83 - Kt 05 - the amount of accrued depreciation has been increased;
Dt 04 - Kt 83 - reflects the amount of revaluation of the initial cost of an intangible asset;
Dt 83 - Kt 02 - the amount of accrued depreciation has been increased.
Revaluation for a revalued property that has already been revalued in previous years:
Dt 01 - Kt 83 - reflects the amount of revaluation of the fixed asset;
Dt 83 - Kt 02 - the amount of accrued depreciation has been increased;
Dt 04 - Kt 83 - reflects the amount of revaluation of an intangible asset;
Dt 83 - Kt 05 - the amount of accrued depreciation has been increased.
An object that was previously discounted as a result of previous revaluations was revalued:
Dt 01 - Kt 83 - reflects the amount of revaluation of the fixed asset, which exceeds the amount of the previous markdown of the fixed asset;
Dt 83 - Kt 02 the amount of accrued depreciation was increased, which exceeds the amount of accrued depreciation within the markdown for previous years;
Dt 04 - Kt 83 - the amount of the revaluation of the intangible asset is reflected, which exceeds the amount of the previous markdown of the intangible asset;
Dt 83 - Kt 05 the amount of accrued depreciation has been increased, which exceeds the amount of accrued depreciation within the limits of the markdown for previous years.
Example. Company A purchased a fixed asset worth 1,000,000 rubles. in January current year. The market value of the object at the end of the current year is 1,100,000 rubles. In accounting - term beneficial use of the object is 10 years, depreciation is charged using the straight-line method (method). By this object a decision was made to reassess as of January 1 of the following year.
The monthly depreciation amount for this object is 8333 rubles. (1,000,000 / 10 years / 12 months). Depreciation accrued for the period from February to December of the current year is 91,663 rubles. (8333 rubles/month x x 11 months).
The conversion factor for the revaluation at the end of the year is 1.1 (1,100,000 rubles / 1,000,000 rubles). Therefore, the recalculated amount of depreciation is 100,829 rubles. (91,663 rubles 1.1).
From January 1 of the next year, the monthly depreciation amount for this object is 9167 rubles. (1,100,000 rubles / 10 years / 12 months).
Company A has the following entries in its accounts:
2. Issuance income.
Another component of the additional capital of the organization is share premium. It is formed by the issuer of shares as the difference between the value of assets received as payment for shares (including cash) and their nominal value. From this definition, it becomes clear that share premium can be formed only for joint-stock companies, for other organizations (companies with limited liability, partnerships, cooperatives, etc.) the emergence of share premium normative documents not provided.
The share premium is formed in joint-stock companies both during the initial issue and during subsequent issues of shares with an increase in the authorized capital:
Dt 75-1 - Kt 83 - reflects the share premium of joint-stock companies.
Example. Company A, the form of ownership is a public joint-stock company, has registered an issue of shares. The nominal value of the declared shares is 100,000 rubles. As a result of an open subscription, the shares were sold at a price higher than their nominal value in the amount of 10,000 rubles, resulting in share premium. Company A has the following entries in its accounts:_
3. A limited liability company may generate income through the sale of a share in the authorized capital at a price above par or additional contributions in excess of the statute.
The economic essence of this income - the excess of the payment of a share in the authorized capital by the founder over its nominal value - is close to share premium, but it is not such, since the formation of the authorized capital of an LLC does not act as an issue. The amount of such an excess should be taken into account in additional capital:
Dt 75-1 - Kt 83 - reflects income from the sale of a share in the authorized capital of a limited liability company at a price higher than the face value, or additional contributions in excess of those established by the charter.
Example. The participant of company A, the form of ownership is a limited liability company, contributes funds to the cash desk in the amount of 10,000 rubles. as a share capital contribution. The nominal value of a share in the authorized capital of a newly admitted participant is 8,000 rubles. Company A has the following entries in its accounts:
4. Receipt of property as a contribution to the property of LLC or free of charge.
The opportunity to make contributions to property (and not to the authorized capital) is not provided for joint-stock companies and legal entities other organizational and legal forms, except for a limited liability company.
Based on paragraph 1 of Art. 27 federal law dated 08.02.1998 No. 14-FZ “On Limited Liability Companies”, the participants of the company can make contributions to the property of the LLC. Contributions to the company's property do not change the size and nominal value of the shares of the company's participants in its authorized capital. In other words, the size of the authorized capital remains the same, entries on account 80 are not made. As a rule, contributions to the property of a company are made in cash, unless otherwise provided by the charter of the company or by a decision of the meeting of its participants (clause 3, article 27 of the LLC Law).
In accordance with the explanations given in Letter No. 07-05-06/107 of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 13, 2005, a contribution to the property of a limited liability company is subject to accounting by this company on the debit of property accounts and the credit of the additional capital account:
D-t08,10,50,51,52 - Kt 83 - reflects the contribution to the property of a limited liability company.
Example. Subsidiary A from parent company B (whose share in the authorized capital of a limited liability company is 100%) received funds in the amount of 50,000 rubles to the current account. In the accounts of company A, made the following entries:
- 5. Exchange differences that form additional capital and are associated with the formation of the authorized (share) capital of the organization.
- 6. The amount of VAT restored by the founders, which is transferred to the organization with property, intangible assets and property rights if they are included in the authorized capital.
- 7. Appropriations received from the budget of any level, which are spent by the organization to finance long-term investments.
Funds received from the budget are first credited to a special bank account, from which they are then debited to cover expenses incurred in accordance with investment program enterprises. Further, the spent amount of budgetary appropriations is included in the composition of additional capital with an accounting entry:
Dt 86 "Target financing" - Kt 83 "Additional capital" - the spent amount of budget appropriations is included in the additional capital.
The basis for such accession can only be the fact of using budget funds for the intended purpose.
Additional capital funds can be directed:
1) for the repayment of depreciation amounts of fixed assets and intangible assets during subsequent revaluation.
The funds of additional capital, which were formed as a result of the previous revaluation of fixed assets and intangible assets, can be used to pay off the amounts of depreciation of fixed assets and intangible assets during the subsequent revaluation.
Dt 83 - Kt 01 - reflects the amount of depreciation of the fixed asset, within the limits of the amounts of the revaluation made earlier;
Dt 83 - Kt 04 - the amount of the markdown of an intangible asset is reflected, within the limits of the amounts of the revaluation made earlier;
Dt 02 - Kt 83 - reflects the amount of depreciation depreciation of the fixed asset, within the limits of the amounts of the revaluation made earlier;
Dt 05 - Kt- 83 - the amount of depreciation depreciation of an intangible asset is reflected within the amounts of the revaluation made earlier.
Additional capital funds, which were formed as a result of revaluation of fixed assets and intangible assets, are transferred to the retained earnings of the organization upon disposal of revalued fixed assets and intangible assets.
Dt 83 - Kt 84 - the amount of the revaluation of the fixed asset or intangible asset is written off upon disposal of the revalued assets.
Example. Entity A writes off an item of property, plant and equipment due to obsolescence. The object was revalued in the amount of 20,000 rubles. The current (replacement) cost of the object on the date of debiting was 85,000 rubles, the amount of accumulated depreciation was 50,000 rubles. Entity A has the following entries in its accounts:
|
Account correspondence |
||||
|
The current (replacement) cost of the object is written off |
01/Retirement major |
|||
|
Object depreciation written off |
01/Disposal of fixed assets |
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|
Written off the residual value of the object |
01/Disposal of fixed assets |
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|
The amount of the revaluation of the machine is written off |
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- 2) writing off the amounts of revaluation of fixed assets and intangible assets upon their disposal;
- 3) increase in the authorized (share) capital of the organization.
Additional capital funds can be used by the organization
to increase the authorized (share) capital. Yes, share capital joint-stock company(JSC) can be increased by increasing the nominal value of shares or by placing additional shares. An increase in the authorized capital of a joint-stock company by increasing the nominal value of shares can be made only at the expense of the company's property. An increase in the authorized capital of a JSC by placing additional shares is also carried out at the expense of the company's property. The source of the increase in the authorized capital of the joint-stock company at the expense of property is, first of all, the funds of additional capital.
Dt 83 - Kt 75 - the size of the authorized (share) capital was increased at the expense of additional capital after re-registration in the constituent documents of its new value.
Example. Organization A increases the authorized capital by increasing the par value of shares at the expense of additional capital in the amount of 100,000 rubles. State duty paid for state registration issue (additional issue) issue valuable papers 10 000 rub. Entity A has the following entries in its accounts:
- 4) write-off of negative exchange rate differences associated with the formation of authorized capital;
- 5) formation of the financial result of the organization upon termination of its activities outside Russia.
In accordance with the Accounting Regulation “Accounting for Assets and Liabilities Denominated in Foreign Currency” (PBU 3/2006), additional capital funds can be attached to financial result organizations. This happens when the organization ceases to operate outside Russian Federation(full or partial). In this case, the part of the additional capital corresponding to the amount of exchange differences related to discontinued operations is recognized as other income or other expenses of the organization.
Example. Entity A operated outside the Russian Federation. Exchange differences on the assets and liabilities of the organization used to conduct this activity (reflected on the credit of the “Additional capital” account) amounted to 100,000 rubles. The organization ceases its activities outside the Russian Federation. Entity A has the following entries in its accounts.
The firm used the loans received from the founder to replenish additional capital. Where can the organization direct the funds of additional capital?
The additional capital of the organization cannot be formed at the expense of funds received from the founders in loans. Also, the reserve fund is not formed at the expense of the loan. In this case, you should correct errors in accounting and reflect either cash deposits founders in the property of an LLC without loan agreements, or operations to obtain a loan in the general manner. A loan received from the founders can be used for any purpose necessary for the organization, if additional conditions not included in the loan agreement.
Rationale
- From recommendation
Oleg Khoroshiy, Head of the Department of Profit Taxation of Organizations of the Department of Tax and Customs Tariff Policy of the Ministry of Finance of Russia
How to formalize and reflect in accounting and taxation the formation of additional capital
Sources of additional capital formation
Sergei Razgulin, Acting State Councilor of the Russian Federation, 3rd class
How to reflect in accounting and taxation the contribution of the founder to the property of an LLC
Contributions to the property of the organization (in addition to the contribution to the authorized capital) must be made by the founders (participants) of the LLC, if such an obligation is provided for by the charter. The decision on making a contribution to the property is made by the general meeting of participants. This is stated in paragraph 1.
Deposit amount
Participants make contributions to property in proportion to their shares in the authorized capital, unless another procedure is provided for in the charter (clause 2, article 27 of the Law of February 8, 1998 No. 14-FZ).
As contributions, the organization will receive money. But if the decision of the general meeting of participants or the charter of the company provides otherwise, other property (fixed assets, materials, goods) is also accepted. This is provided for by paragraph 3 of Article 27 of the Law of February 8, 1998 No. 14-FZ.
accounting
In accounting, reflect the contribution of the founder to the property of the company as follows:
Debit 50, 51, 52 (08, 10, 41...) Credit 83
- money (fixed assets, materials, goods, etc.) was received from the founders as a contribution to the property of the organization.
This procedure is recommended in the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 13, 2005 No. 07-05-06 / 107.
If property was received as a contribution from the founder, then in accounting it must be valued at the current market value. This requirement is imposed by accounting legislation on objects received free of charge (clause 10.3 PBU 9/99). To confirm the price, you can use the expert opinion of the appraiser.
The chief accountant advises: to account for contributions to the organization's property, use account 75 "Settlements with the founders."
This account is intended to summarize information on all settlements with the founders (Instructions for the chart of accounts). Accounting for this account is kept in the context of settlements with each founder. This will allow you to control who has repaid their debt on deposits and who has not.
When using account 75, record transactions to receive a contribution to the organization's property as follows:
Debit 75 Credit 83
- reflects the debt of the founder on the contribution to the property of the organization;
Debit 50, 51, 52 (08, 10, 41...) Credit 75
- the debt of the founder on the contribution to the property of the organization has been repaid.
An example of how to reflect in accounting the monetary ruble contribution of a participant to the property of an organization
The authorized capital of LLC "Torgovaya firm "Germes"" is 400,000 rubles. It is divided into shares between two participants: 60 percent of the authorized capital belongs to A.V. Lvov, and 40 percent - Alfa LLC.
The charter of "Hermes" states that the founders are required to make contributions to the property of the organization. April 16 general meeting founders decided to invest 50,000 rubles in the property of the organization within a month.
- Lviv - 30,000 rubles. (50,000 rubles x 60%);
- DDP - 20,000 rubles. (50,000 rubles x 40%).
The accountant of the organization reflected these operations as follows.
Debit 75 Credit 83
- 30,000 rubles. - reflects the amount of Lviv's debt on the contribution to the property of the organization;
Debit 75 Credit 83
- 20,000 rubles. - reflects the amount of debt "Alfa" on the contribution to the property of the organization.
Debit 51 Credit 75
- 30,000 rubles. - Lvov contributed money as a contribution to the property of the organization;
Debit 51 Credit 75
- 20,000 rubles. - Alfa contributed money as a contribution to the property of the organization.
income tax
By general rule the value of the contribution received must be taken into account in non-operating income(Clause 8, Article 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). At the same time, there is a benefit for subsidiaries. They do not need to include in income the value of the contribution to the property if:
- the transferring party (organization or citizen) owns more than 50 percent of the authorized capital of the recipient organization;
- on the day of the transfer of property, the receiving organization owns more than 50 percent of the authorized capital of the transferring party. Moreover, if the property is transferred by a dependent foreign company, then its location should not be an offshore zone or a country that provides preferential tax treatment.
In all these cases, the organization can use the benefit, but only on condition that within a year from the date of receipt of the property it will not be transferred to third parties.
This procedure follows from paragraph 8 of Article 250, subparagraph 11 of paragraph 1 of Article 251 tax code RF.
This exemption does not apply if, as a contribution,