• What motivates a person to act?
• What are the main needs of people?
• What role does work play in the life of society?
• Is it possible business processes without human intervention?
• Is the economy capable of satisfying all people's needs?

What is economics

You start to get to know the individual sides economic life society. An initial understanding of economics will help you prepare for a more complete assimilation of its fundamentals at the next stages of education.

You encounter manifestations of the economy every day: you hear conversations at home and on the street about the prices of goods, you learn about the size of your parents’ salaries, you read about taxes in the newspaper, you participate in the repair of school furniture, you buy groceries in the store. All these separate phenomena can be combined general concept"economy".

Initially, the word “economy” translated from ancient Greek meant “management according to rules and laws.” Over time, this concept has received a broader interpretation. Thus, the English writer George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) stated: “Economics is the ability to make the best use of life,” and modern scientists have concluded: “Economy is a system of life support consciously built and used by people.”

Getting acquainted with the activities of people in history and geography courses, you can see that the concept of “economy” is considered in two meanings: 1) economy; 2) area of ​​knowledge. You can offer your options on how to supplement the following definitions: “Economics is the ability...”, “Economics is the knowledge about...”.

We started the conversation with individual manifestations of economic life, but behind them you can see the most general processes and phenomena.

The main manifestations of the economy, reflecting the stage of product movement, include production, distribution, exchange, consumption. These phenomena are interconnected. The constantly repeating process of production, distribution, exchange and consumption represents the reproduction of the product. During the production process, they are created economic benefits(goods and services) needed to satisfy people's needs. The produced product must be distributed by carrying out actions related to its movement from the manufacturer to the consumer. After distribution comes exchange - the process of obtaining the desired product with the offer of something in return. Reproduction of a product ends with consumption - the use of the product in the process of satisfying needs.

Let us consider the stages of reproduction using the example of satisfying a person’s need to consume bread. A baker, using a certain technology, bakes, i.e. produces, bread. (Production.) The bakery supplies one part of its products to kindergartens and schools, and the other part to stores. (Distribution.) A salesperson in a store sells bread to people, that is, exchanges it for money. (Exchange.) Schoolchildren eat fresh bread during breakfast. (Consumption.)

Using text and illustrations, talk about the main manifestations of the economy.

Subsistence and commercial farming

Let us remember how diverse human needs are for food, clothing, housing, communication, health care... Why is it necessary to satisfy these needs? Quite obviously - to ensure the life and activities of people. The economy takes an active part in meeting these needs.

The purpose of the economy is to maintain and continue the life of society. For this purpose, various material goods are produced.

Material (economic) benefits are food products, objects, goods and services that satisfy human needs.

Economic benefits are created using such forms of economic organization as natural and commercial.

Subsistence farming is a way of organizing life in which everything necessary is produced by the people themselves and only for their own consumption. This is the most ancient form of farming. It is distinguished by the use of mainly primitive production tools and simple technologies. In a subsistence economy, there is no exchange of products and services, which makes it difficult to improve people's living standards.

The well-known literary hero Robinson Crusoe ran a completely natural economy. Peasants of medieval Europe, India, and China lived in conditions close to subsistence farming. For many centuries, subsistence farming was characteristic of the inhabitants of the Russian village, nomadic pastoralists of the Asian and Black Sea steppes.

If your family uses food grown with their own labor, can you say that you have a subsistence economy? What else does a family use to meet basic needs?

The main disadvantage of subsistence farming is low labor productivity. As a rule, it provided only the most basic human needs.

Natural production has been replaced by commodity production. This is a way of organizing the economic life of a society in which people, specializing in certain types of activities, produce goods and provide services for exchange with each other.

Give examples of people specializing in certain types of economic activities.

Commodity farming, to a greater extent than natural farming, meets the goals of the economy - to satisfy people's needs as much as possible. All produced products become goods intended for exchange (purchase and sale). Manufacturers strive to increase productivity and improve the quality of goods to make profitable exchanges. People's awareness of the advantages of this way of life led to the fact that commercial farming, replacing natural farming, became predominant in the life of society.

Main economic participants

Main actors economies are producers and consumers. What role does it play in this moment person, easy to understand by characteristics economic activity, of which he is a member. Andrey is a graduate of the Civil Engineering Institute. He and his friends created the Zodchiy company. Young people are building beautiful and comfortable country houses. Andrey is a manufacturer.

After work, Andrey relaxes with friends at the Altair cultural and leisure center: plays billiards, works out in the gym, and has dinner in a cozy cafe. Andrey is a consumer.

As we see, the same economic participant can perform both roles.

A manufacturer is someone who is involved in creating goods or providing services. A consumer is someone who uses goods and services to satisfy their needs.

The producer and consumer in the economy can be either an individual person or a group of people, an enterprise, or a state.

The manufacturer is interested in organizing its activities in such a way as to obtain the planned result at the lowest cost of all resources necessary for the production of goods and provision of services. This allows him to earn income and develop his production.

Deciding to earn money to travel around the country, Peter and a friend opened the Urgent Photo salon. What is the economic interest of the salon organizers as producers? What economic knowledge will they need to achieve success and develop their business?

The consumer, in turn, strives to extract as much as possible great benefit from the consumption of goods and services, while satisfying their needs at the lowest cost. The buyer's reliance not on emotional, but on rational choice when purchasing allows him to reduce costs and save income.

The economic interests of the main participants in the economy are closely interconnected. The manufacturer strives to produce those goods that will later find their consumers. He is forced to focus on his requests and needs. The consumer, making his choice of a product or service, tells the manufacturer what, how much and of what quality needs to be produced. This behavior of the main participants in the economy allows for careful (economical) and wise use of available resources (material, financial, labor).

Let's check ourselves

1. How does the economy serve people?
2. What form of management most successfully achieves the goals of the economy?
3. What are the similarities and differences between the economic interests of the producer and the consumer?
4. How are the activities of the main participants in the economy interconnected?

In the classroom and at home

Learning to make a rational decision

Why do we make certain purchases? Researchers have divided purchasing motives into emotional and rational.

Emotional motives include: a feeling of superiority (the need to be better than others), a desire to be different from others (the desire to buy fashionable, original things), a feeling of comfort (the desire to make life easier), entertainment (the desire to diversify the lifestyle), the need to simply bargain.

Rational ones include: savings (interest in a transaction from the point of view of saving money), quality (for example, the desire to purchase durable items such as a refrigerator, vacuum cleaner, tape recorder, computer with a guarantee for greater confidence in the quality of the product).

Think about what, in your opinion, has a greater influence on the formation of consumer motives: the state of the economy, advertising, the level of consumer income. Offer and justify your options.

Economists advise the thinking consumer to rely on rational motives when making his choice in order to get the maximum benefit from his purchase. Try to take this advice into account.

Analyze what motives prevail in you as a buyer. Is there room for rational decisions in them?

Economy and its participants

7th grade. Social science

Ushakova L.A., social studies teacher, Secondary School No. 518 of St. Petersburg

Lesson Plan

• What is economics?

Main areas of the economy.

2. Why is economics needed?

Subsistence and commercial farming

3. Main participants of the economy

What is economics? Economics - translated from ancient Greek: “house” and “rule”, “law”, literally - “rules of housekeeping” Find out how the dictionary explains the meaning of the word "economics". Economics Economy Field of knowledge Complete definitions: Economics is skills... Economics is knowledge about... Main sectors of the economy:

• Production
• Distribution
• Exchange
• Consumption
Illustrations in the textbook, pp. 130 - 131

Name the areas of the economy: Which manifestations of economics do we see in these texts?(Work in groups with handouts) Why economics is needed Economic product - a product, product, service that satisfies one or another human need Forms of organizing (running) an economy:

Natural economy

Commodity farming

Subsistence farming is a way of organizing people’s lives, in which everything necessary for life is produced by them themselves and only for their own consumption. ? If your family uses products grown in the country, can you say that you have a subsistence economy?

• “Journey to the Past” – textbook, page 132? What are the disadvantages of subsistence farming?

Commodity farming is a way of organizing the economic life of society in which people, specializing in certain types of activities, produce goods and provide services for exchange with each other. Give examples of people specializing in certain types of activities Main economic participants Producer

parent– one who participates in the creation of goods or the provision of services.

one who participates

in creating goods or specifying services.

one who uses goods and services to satisfy his needs.

Consumer

? Can one person be both a producer and a consumer at the same time, i.e. fulfill both roles?

• Name what the producer and the consumer have in common.
What are the differences?

Manufacturer interested in organizing its activities in such a way as to obtain the planned result at the lowest cost of all funds necessary for the production of goods and provision of services

Consumer in turn, seeks to extract as much benefit as possible from the consumption of goods and services, while satisfying its needs at the lowest cost

Fill the table Internet sources Presentation template: http://prezentacii.com/shablony-powerpoint/page/2/ Monopoly game: http://www.vseodetyah.com/editorfiles/igra-monopoliya-01.jpg Smiley with a question: http://moi-petelki.ru/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/smaylik-s-voprosom.jpg Picture of “economic fundamentals”: http://www.kraskizhizni.com/f/img12/knigi-economika.jpg Natural economy: 1).http://museum.fondpotanin.ru/upload/_tmp_images/plug%20me_w210_h158_d01590_73529_519e2f55.jpg 2).http://cs406216.vk.me/v406216595/1c8d/-VEz_l9DFrA.jpg Road transport: http://hlebchel.ru/templates/hlebchel/images/img_top.png Internet sources Commercial farming: http://www.1prime.ru/images/76654/07/766540718.jpg http://internetgeo.info/image12/1063.jpg Eating child: http://novorogdenniy.ru/img/blog/1327677523.jpg Cheese making: http://lh5.ggpht.com/_ng0BFvab7Uk/StLxnAz-iYI/AAAAAAAAHLQ/2xzreAsCiPg/s288/69837.jpg Manufacturer: http://www.hsn.ru/assets/images/all_head/IMG_0433.jpg Consumer: http://patriot-dnipro.ru/files/2011/03/19/prava/01.jpg Seller and buyer (exchange): http://media.vitebsk.biz/source/photos/2013/09/26/dsc-015321b_s_4x3.jpg A man with a question: http://www.fit-4-all.gr/images/stories/erotimatologio-evexias-herbalife.jpg Literature

Textbook “Social Studies” for grade 7, edited by L.N. Bogolyubova, L.F. Ivanova

A.V. Pozdeev “Lesson-based developments in social studies for L.N. Bogolyubov’s educational complex, 7th grade.”

Moscow. "Waco", 2010

ECONOMY AND ITS MAIN PARTICIPANTS

The purpose of the lesson:

To introduce students to the concept of “economics”, as well as to develop ideas about its necessity.

Tasks:

To form an idea of ​​the economy as a sphere of social life, its main manifestations and participants;

Reveal the role and importance of the economy in ensuring the most important needs and livelihoods of people;

Identify the specifics and interrelationships of the main spheres of eq. O nomic life, the nature of the activities of its participants;

Help students understand strengths and weaknesses various forms management (subsistence and commercial farming).

During the classes.

Org moment. Greetings. Good morning, guys. We begin new section textbook "Man and Economics". And the topic of our lesson today is “Economy and its main participants.” (Slide 1) Write it down in your notebook. You can see the lesson plan on the screen. (Slide 2)

1. What is economics.

2. Why is economics needed?

State the purpose of the lesson.

Let's remember:

What motivates a person to act? What are the eyes V new needs of people? What role does work play in the life of society? What is created by labor?

1. What is economics

Question to the class: What is economics?

You encounter manifestations of the economy every day V but: you hear conversations at home and on the street about the prices of goods A ry, you find out about the size of your parents’ salaries, you read in A you know about taxes, you participate in the repair of school furniture, you buy food in the store. All these department b These manifestations can be united by the general concept of “ec” o nomica."

You already know from the 5th grade course that initially O “Economy” translated from ancient Greek meant “management according to rules and laws.”(Slide 3) Over time, this concept has received a broader interpretation. So, for example And Mer, the English writer George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) argued: “Economics is the ability to make the best use of life,” and modern scientists e They concluded: “The economy is a life support system consciously built and used by people.”

Getting to know different economic phenomena or by studying them in a course of history, geography, you can kill e It is clear that this concept is considered in two meanings:

economics as an economy and as a field of knowledge. You m O you want to offer your own options on how to complement the next e The following definitions: “Economics is knowledge about...”, “Economics is skills...”.

Thus, the author of the book “Economics” P. Samuelson suggests, A example, the following definitions of economics: economics are: 1) activities related to exchange and monetary s our transactions between people; 2) everyday business life h active activities of people, their extraction of means of subsistence e creation and use of these funds; 3) establishment and implementation of consumption and production; 4) wealth.(Slide 4)

The following issues may be discussed: why and in does torus offer different definitions? As in these definitions e different aspects of economic life are revealed in the h no society? Which of the definitions with which you are familiar A piled up during the lesson, can be considered the most complete?

We started the conversation with private manifestations of economic e life of a person, but behind them you can see the most O more general processes and phenomena.

The main manifestations of the economy include: proi s production, distribution, exchange, consumption.These processes are interconnected and have a periodically repeating nature; they can occur not only strictly sequentially, but also simultaneously, in parallel. Let's consider this using the example of satisfying one of the most important human needs - the need to eat bread.Textbook on pp. 89 – 90.Baker using a certain technology, bakes, i.e. produces, bread. (Production.) The bakery supplies one part of the products to kindergartens and schools, and the other part to stores. (Distribution.) The store seller sells bread, that is, exchanges it for money, buying A tel. (Exchange.) Students eat during school A fresh bread for breakfast. (Consumption.)

Let's complete the task (Slide 5)

Write down the listed types of economic activities O enter the corresponding column of the table: making Christmas tree decorations, drawing up a family spending plan for the month, breakfast in the school canteen, visiting a bet To hairdresser's shop, payment of benefits to families for children, use b installation of lighting in everyday life, purchase of equipment for a hiking trip.

Next, we will look in more detail at the characteristics of the main manifestations of economic life. Right here O We are trying to determine the role of the economy in the life of a person, of the whole society.Physical education minute.

2. Why is economics needed?

Remember how diverse human needs are And clothing, housing, communication, health care, etc. More do we need to satisfy these demands and needs?Quite obviously - to ensure his life and de I telnosti. The economy takes an active part in the V Satisfying these needs, its goal is to maintain and continue the lives of people. For this purpose, various O figurative products, goods, services are provided.

Economic products,are created using such forms of organization or management as nat at ral and commodity.

Question to the class: Remember what subsistence farming is?

Natural economy -it's a way of organizing life h nor people in whom everything necessary for life b production is produced by them themselves and only for their own about th consumption. (Slide 6). This is the most ancient form of farming using mainly primitive tools. h agriculture, simple technologies. In a subsistence economy, there is no trade, exchange of products and services, which makes it difficult to improve people's living standards.

Question to the class: What do you think is the disadvantage of this form of management?

The main disadvantage of this form of management is that z kaya labor productivity,allowing to provide only the most minimal conditions for survival. A lifestyle based on subsistence farming, although extremely difficult, is well known to residents of Russian villages. e jealous.

Question to the class: Remember what commodity farming is?

Commodity farming -way of organizing economy And ical life of society, in which people, specialization And By engaging in certain types of activities, they produce goods and provide services for exchange with each other.(Slide 6).

Question to the class: Why is commercial farming better than natural farming?

This form of farming is largely about T meets the goals of the economy - to satisfy people's needs as much as possible. All manufactured products O are goods intended for exchange. Produced O Drivers strive to increase labor productivity and improve the quality of goods to make profitable exchanges. People's awareness of the advantages of this way of life led to the fact that commodity farming, replacing natural farming, became predominant in the economic life of society.

Subsistence farming is a low-efficient form of farming and its preservation in the economy, as A for example, is a brake on socio-economic developmentsociety, a particular country, a factor in reducing living standards h no population. The development of society has led to the emergence of a more efficient and advanced form - a commodity economy, which allows us to better meet people's needs.

3. Main participants in the economy.

We read the text of the textbook with the teacher’s explanation, p. 93.

To consolidate, we perform the following tasks: (Slide 7).

1. You are going to have breakfast at a fast food cafe. at living (for example, at McDonald's). Apply the concepts of “product”, “producer”, “consumer”, “exchange” to this situation.

Particularly noteworthy is the conclusion about the relationship and interdependence of the goals and results of the economic activities of its main participants. Deeper understanding and understanding O It will help to discuss the following questions: what is it in Does consumption of goods and services affect production? Does the level of consumption depend on the level of production?

Homework: § 8,

to "4" and "5" question No. 2, 4 from the “in the classroom and at home” section on page 96. (Slide 8)

If you have free time:

Question to the class: Please tell me, have you ever had to buy goods? Have you ever wondered why you make this or that purchase?

Exercise: Think about the purchase of any three goods by you or your family members. Using the material from the “Knowledge for Everyday” section, analyze what you need e beating motives influenced the choice of one or another O Vara, and determine how rational the choice was. Think about whether you need to change anything in your strat e buyer's gis. If yes, then what?

Product Name	Consumer motives	conclusions
	emotional	rational 1 . What is economics? P. Samuelson offers the following definitions of the economy: 1) activities related to exchange and money transactions between people; 2) the daily business activities of people, their means of livelihood and the use of these means; 3) establishment and implementation of consumption and production; 4) wealth. 1 . What is economics? Production Distribution Exchange Consumption making Christmas tree decorations, drawing up a family spending plan for the month, breakfast in the school canteen, visiting a hairdresser, paying benefits to families for children, using lighting in the home, purchasing equipment for a camping trip. 2. Why is economics needed? Subsistence farming is a way of organizing people's lives, in which everything necessary for life is produced by them themselves and only for their own consumption. Commodity farming is a way of organizing the economic life of society, in which people, specializing in certain types of activities, produce goods and provide services for exchange with each other. 3. Main participants in the economy. You are going to have breakfast in a cafe fast service. Apply the following concepts to this situation: “product”, “producer”, “consumer”, “exchange”. How does consumption of goods and services affect production? Does the level of consumption depend on the level of production? A manufacturer is someone who is involved in creating goods or providing services. A consumer is someone who uses goods and services to satisfy their needs. Homework: § 8, on “4” and “5” question No. 2, 4 from the heading “in class and at home” on page 96. Product name Consumer motives Conclusions emotional and rational Main areas of the economy: Production Distribution Exchange Consumption Illustrations in the textbook, page The main participants in the economy The producer is the one who participates in the creation of goods or the provision of services. one who is involved in creating goods or specifying services. one who uses goods and services to satisfy his needs. Consumer The producer is interested in organizing his activities in such a way as to obtain the planned result at the lowest cost of all funds necessary for the production of goods and provision of services. The consumer, in turn, strives to extract as much benefit as possible from the consumption of goods and services, while satisfying his needs at the lowest cost QuestionsNatural farming Commercial farming Who produces Producers - family members Using hired labor work force Who consumes Production for themselves For mass consumption How they produce Traditional methods The use of technology to increase the quantity of production and make a profit What is labor productivity Usually not high The desire to increase labor productivity Internet sources Presentation template: Game "Monopoly": Emoticon with a question: Picture of the "basics of the economy": Subsistence farming: 1). 158_d01590_73529_519e2f55.jpg 2). Road transport: Internet sources Commercial farming: Eating child: Cheese making: iYI/AAAAAAAAHLQ/2xzreAsCiPg/s288/69837.jpg Manufacturer: Consumer: Seller and buyer (exchange): Person with a question: To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com Slide captions: Chapter III Man and Economics What you will learn about: - How the economy serves people - Is it profitable to produce everything - What is business - How money changed its appearance What questions will you answer: Why do people do business? Why is trade considered the source of a country's wealth? What functions does money perform in the economy? Economy and its main participants Economics is the ability to make the best use of life. D.B. Show Plan: What is economics? Why is economics needed? Main participants in the economy What is economics? Economics - translated from ancient Greek: “house” and “rule”, “law”, literally - “rules of housekeeping”. Find how the meaning of the word “economics” is explained in the dictionary. Economics concept Economics concept Complete the definitions: Economics is the skills... Economics is the knowledge about... Economy as a sphere of human activity is the production of consumer goods associated with the expenditure of resources - everything that increases well-being by satisfying various needs of people. Directions (spheres) of economics: Illustrations in the textbook, pp. 130 - 131 Name the areas of the economy: 1 2 3 4 Distribution Consumption Production Exchange Which manifestation of economics do we see in the following texts? Determine the scope of the economy: We divided the orange, There are many of us, but he is one. This slice is for the hedgehog, This slice is for the swift, This slice is for the ducklings, This slice is for the kittens, This slice is for the beaver, And the peel is for the wolf. Determine the scope of the economy: Robin Bobin Barabek Ate 40 people, And a cow, and a bull, And a crooked butcher, And a cart, and an arc, And a broom, and a poker, He ate a church, he ate a house, And a forge with a blacksmith. Determine the sphere of the economy: Grandfather planted a turnip. The turnip grew big - very big. Grandfather went to pick a turnip: he pulled and pulled, but he couldn’t pull it out! Grandfather called grandma: grandma for grandpa, grandpa for the turnip - they pull, they pull, they can’t pull it out! The grandmother called her granddaughter: the granddaughter for the grandmother, the grandmother for the grandfather, the grandfather for the turnip - they pull, they pull, they cannot pull it out! The granddaughter called Zhuchka. The bug for the granddaughter, the granddaughter for the grandmother, the grandmother for the grandfather, the grandfather for the turnip - they pull, they pull, they can’t pull it out! The cat called the bug: the cat for the bug, the bug for the granddaughter, the granddaughter for the grandmother, the grandmother for the grandfather, the grandfather for the turnip - they pull, they pull, they can’t pull it out! The cat called the mouse: the mouse for the cat, the cat for the Bug, the Bug for the granddaughter, the granddaughter for the grandmother, the grandmother for the grandfather, the grandfather for the turnip - they pull, they pull, they pulled out the turnip! Determine the sphere of the economy: A squirrel sits on a cart, Sells nuts to: Little fox-sister, Sparrow, titmouse, Thick-fifted Teddy Bear, Mustachioed Bunny, Who's in a scarf, Who's in his goiter, Who's in his sweetie. Why is economics needed? An economic product is a product, product, service that satisfies a particular human need. Services useful amenities provided to someone Goods products of labor produced for sale The main goal economic activity is to satisfy needs. Forms of farming Natural Commodity This is a way of organizing people’s lives, in which everything necessary for life is produced by them themselves and only for their own consumption. Natural economy- If your family uses products grown in the country, can you say that you have a subsistence economy? “Journey to the Past” – textbook, page 132? What are the disadvantages of subsistence farming? This is a way of organizing the economic life of a society in which people, specializing in certain types of activities, produce goods and provide services for exchange with each other. Commodity farming - Give examples of people specializing in certain types of activities A manufacturer is someone who participates in the creation of goods or the provision of services. one who uses goods and services to satisfy his needs. Consumer Economy participants: The producer is interested in organizing his activities in such a way as to obtain the planned result at the lowest cost of all funds necessary for the production of goods and provision of services. The consumer, in turn, strives to extract as much benefit as possible from the consumption of goods and services, while satisfying his needs at the lowest cost Goals economic participants Goals of economic participants: Making a profit Satisfying their needs at the lowest cost. Dictionary: Profit is the excess of income from the sale of goods or services over costs. Can one person be both a producer and a consumer at the same time, i.e. fulfill both roles? ? Name what the producer and the consumer have in common. ? What are the differences? Fill out the table Questions Subsistence farming Commercial farming Who produces Who consumes How they produce What is labor productivity Questions Subsistence farming Commercial farming Who produces Producers - family members Using hired labor Who consumes Production for themselves For mass consumption How they produce Traditional methods Use of technology to increase the quantity of products and make a profit What is labor productivity Usually not high Striving to increase productivity labor Homework Paragraph 12 (read, answer questions after the paragraph) Know the terms by heart Assignment in the Workbook pp. 53-56 - No. 4, 5, 7, 9 (optional) Assignment No. 3 in the section “In the classroom and at home” ( Necessarily). Prepare for task No. 2 (album sheet, colored pencils, newspaper clippings, pictures, etc.) About the site Contacts Advertising Write to us