Currently, companies often use leasing to purchase vehicles, equipment and other fixed assets. Leasing is a type of loan when a financial organization - the lessor purchases specific property from a specified seller (or at its own choice) and leases this equipment or other property to the lessee for a fee. This is a kind of long-term lease with the right of subsequent purchase.

The leasing agreement usually stipulates where leasing accounting is kept - on the balance sheet of the lessee (the person purchasing the property) or with the lessor ( financial organization, which provides the property).

This form of lending is widely used by many companies, since the cost of fixed assets can be lower than when using loan funds, and even than when purchasing the necessary property with your own cash. The benefit is obtained due to the fact that payments under the leasing agreement are costs and reduce the base when calculating income tax. There are also advantages when paying VAT. Another important advantage is the right of the balance holder to use an increased depreciation rate, which leads to a reduction in property taxes and can reduce income taxes.

Leasing accounting on the lessor's balance sheet

Accounting for leasing on the lessor’s balance sheet is carried out as part of fixed assets in a special account 03 “Income-generating investments in material values" When the leased asset is transferred to the lessee, there is a movement in the subaccount opened to account 03. For example, we open two sub-accounts - 03.1 to reflect leased property and 03.2 to reflect its transfer.

Initially, it is necessary to calculate the costs of acquiring the leased asset - this includes consulting services, fees and duties, intermediary fee and other services that are summarized on account 08, after the completion of the formation of costs, the property must be capitalized on the debit of account 03.

In this case, leasing transactions are reflected as follows:

D 08.4 - K 60 - with this posting we reflect the costs of purchasing the leased asset;

D 19.1 - K 60 - we allocate VAT;

D68 - K19-1 - we accept VAT for deduction;

D03.1 - K 08.4 – the leased asset is accepted for accounting;

D60 - K 51 – payment to the seller has occurred.

D03.2 - K03.1 – leased the property;

D20 -K 02 – depreciation has been accrued.

When the leasing agreement provides for the obligation to transfer the leased asset to the lessee’s balance sheet, the lessor must write it off from his balance sheet, but the property cannot be ignored; a special off-balance sheet account 011 “Fixed assets leased out” is maintained for it. Accounting is carried out at the cost specified in the leasing agreement. In this case, the cost of the leased asset is reflected in deferred expenses.

Reflection of leasing in accounting and transfer to the lessee is carried out using the following entries:

D 97 - K 03 – the leased asset was written off;

011 – reflected the cost on an off-balance sheet account;

D20 – 97 – deferred expenses were partially written off;

D90.2 - D20 – costs under the leasing agreement are written off as cost of sales.

Reflection of leasing by the lessee

In the lessee's accounting, received equipment or other property listed on the lessor's balance sheet is reflected in off-balance sheet account 001 total cost specified in the contract.

Leasing payments are accrued on account credit 76, which takes into account settlements with debtors and creditors, in correspondence with cost accounts, for example, 20,23,26, if the property will be used in production, with account 44 if used in trading activities, with a score of 91.2 when using property for non-production purposes.

The leased asset is reflected in the accounting records of the lessee as follows:

D 001 - 1 million rubles. (we accept property for accounting, VAT is not taken into account);

D 60 – K 51 – 236 tr. (payment made down payment under the lysine agreement);

The advance payment may not be offset immediately, but throughout the entire contract. In our example, for 3 years, 6 tr. rubles

D 20 – K 76 – 29 t.r. (first leasing payment accrued - 34 tr. minus VAT - 5 tr.);

D 19 – K 76 – 5 t.r. (VAT on the first payment is allocated);

D 20 – K 60 – 5 t.r. (offset of part of the advance – 6 tr. minus VAT 1 tr);

D 19 – K 60 – 1 t.r. (VAT is charged on the offset of the advance);

D 68 – K19 – 5 tr. (VAT submitted to the budget);

D 76 – K 51 – 34 tr. (first payment transferred).

The legislation does not fully define the methods for reflecting transactions in accounting when the leased asset is listed on the balance sheet of the lessee, but there is an established practice based on the results of inspections by government agencies.

When the leased item reaches the lessee, it is recorded as the debit of account 08 minus VAT in conjunction with account 76. Further, after the formation of costs, the property goes to account 01 in fixed assets.

Depreciation is calculated by the lessee on the debit of account 20 and credit 02 in the manner specified in the accounting policy.

Companies often resort to financial lease of property - in other words, leasing. What is it, what are the features of accounting and tax accounting leasing from the lessee, we will describe below what leasing transactions exist. We will also look at the example of postings for leasing property on the balance sheet of the lessee and the lessor.

The essence of leasing

A leasing agreement is concluded between two interested parties. The subject of the contract is buildings, equipment, cars and other types of property. The lessee can become the legal owner of the leased property by purchasing it.

For the subject of leasing, you need to draw up a transfer and acceptance certificate. Depreciation is calculated by the party whose property is recorded on its balance sheet.

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Accounting and tax accounting of leasing from the lessee

In order to correctly reflect the leased item on the accounting accounts, you need to know on whose balance sheet it is listed.

Accounting for leased property on the lessor's balance sheet

If the object is accounted for on the lessor's balance sheet, the lessee uses accounting account 001. It is from this account that all leasing operations begin. Using the example of Tekhnik LLC and Spusk LLC, we will analyze all the nuances of accounting. You will find not only postings, but also detailed calculations.

Tekhnik LLC received from Spusk LLC under agreement No. 25 dated January 1, 2019, a lease of the A187 hydroelectric power station worth 1,296,000 rubles, including VAT 216,000 rubles. Total term The lease is 36 months. Monthly payment equal to 36,000 rubles, including VAT (20%) 6,000 rubles. After three years, the equipment is purchased by Tekhnik LLC, the redemption price is already included in the monthly payments.

In the accounting of Tekhnik LLC, the accountant will make the following entries under the leasing agreement:

Debit 001 - 1,296,000 - equipment is put on off-balance sheet accounting

Debit (20, 26, 44 - depending on the purposes for which the leased asset is used) Credit 76 - 30,000 - monthly lease payment accrued (the accountant of Tekhnik LLC will make this entry monthly for three years)

Debit 19 Credit 76 - 6,000 - VAT on the lease payment is reflected (Tekhnik LLC will make this entry once a month)

Debit 76 Credit 51 - 36,000 - the lease payment was transferred to the account of Spusk LLC (Tekhnik LLC will make this posting monthly)

Loan 001 - 1,296,000 - equipment was written off from the register of Tekhnik LLC, since all obligations under agreement No. 25 dated 01/01/2019 were fulfilled

Debit 01 Credit 02 - 1,080,000 (1,296,000 - 216,000) - the cost of the purchased hydroelectric power station A187 is reflected in the fixed assets of Tekhnik LLC

Redemption value of leased property: transactions with the lessee

If Tekhnik LLC bought the equipment for a fee, the following entries would be made in accounting:

Credit 001 - equipment was written off from the register of Tekhnik LLC due to the expiration of contract No. 25 dated 01/01/2019

Debit 60 Credit 51 - redemption price for hydroelectric power station A187 is transferred

Debit 08 Credit 76 - leased equipment (hydroelectric power station A187) was purchased by the Tekhnik company

Debit 19 Credit 76 - VAT included

Debit 01 Credit 08 - the accountant of Tekhnik LLC included hydroelectric power station A187 in fixed assets

Debit 68 Credit 19 - VAT on hydroelectric power station A187 accepted for deduction

Early repurchase of leased property: postings from the lessee

Debit 97 Credit 76 - the amount of remaining lease payments excluding VAT

Debit 19 Credit 76 - VAT allocated

Debit 68 Credit 19 - VAT is accepted for deduction.

Debit 76 Credit 51 - the remaining lease payments are listed

Debit 20 Credit 97 - the accrued amount of payments is written off ahead of schedule (monthly for the remaining term under the agreement)

Accounting for leased property on the lessee's balance sheet: entries

Tekhnik LLC received from Spusk LLC under agreement No. 25 dated January 1, 2019, a lease of the A187 hydroelectric power station worth 1,296,000 rubles, including VAT 216,000 rubles. The total rental period is 36 months. The monthly payment is 36,000 rubles, including VAT of 6,000 rubles. After three years, the equipment is purchased by the lessee for 20,000 rubles.

• "Rental obligations";
• "Debt on leasing payments."

The following entries will be made in the accounting of Tekhnik LLC under the leasing agreement:

Debit 08 Credit 76 (sub-account “Rental obligations”) - 1,096,666.67 (1,296,000 + 20,000) / 1.20) - hydroelectric power station A187 accepted for accounting

Debit 19 Credit 76 (sub-account “Rental obligations”) - 219,333.33 - VAT allocated

Debit 01 Credit 08 - 1,096,666.67 - equipment classified as fixed assets for further accounting

Debit 76 Credit 51 - 36,000 - the lease payment was transferred to the account of Spusk LLC (Tekhnik LLC will make this entry monthly for three years)

Debit 76 (sub-account “Lease obligations”) Credit 76 (sub-account “Debt on leasing payments”) - 30,000 - monthly lease payment accrued (the accountant of Tekhnik LLC will make this entry monthly for three years)

Debit 68 Credit 19 - 6,000 - VAT accepted for deduction (Tekhnik LLC will make this entry monthly)

Debit 20 (26, 44 - depending on the purposes for which the leased asset is used) Credit 02 - 30,462.96 (1,096,666.67 / 36) - depreciation accrued (Tekhnik LLC will make this entry monthly)

Debit 76 (sub-account “Lease obligations”) Credit 76 (sub-account “Debt on leasing payments”) - 20,000 - the debt on the redemption value of the leased property is reflected (the accountant of Tekhnik LLC will make this entry monthly for three years)

Debit 76 Credit 51 - 20,000 - transferred to the account of Spusk LLC, redemption price

Debit 01 Credit 01 - 1,096,666.67 - hydroelectric power station A187 transferred to the category own funds after three years

Debit 02 Credit 02 - 1,096,666.67 - depreciation reflected

Accounting with the lessor

Let's take a closer look at leasing in transactions with the lessor.

Spusk LLC leased hydroelectric power station A187 to Tekhnik LLC under agreement No. 25 dated January 1, 2019, with an initial cost of 1,296,000 rubles, including VAT of 216,000 rubles. The total rental period is 36 months. The monthly payment is 36,000 rubles, including VAT of 6,000 rubles. After three years, the equipment is purchased by the lessee for 20,000 rubles. The redemption price is included in the monthly payments of Tekhnik LLC.

Hydroelectric power station A187 is on the balance sheet of the lessor, period beneficial use- 46 months. Depreciation for hydroelectric power station A187 is calculated using the straight-line method. For the month, depreciation is equal to 23,478.26 rubles (1,080,000 / 46).

Debit 08 Credit 60 - 1,080,000 - equipment received at Spusk LLC

Debit 19 Credit 60 - 216,000 - VAT allocated

Debit 03 Credit 08 - 1,080,000 - hydroelectric power station A187 accepted for accounting

Debit 68 Credit 19 - 216,000 - VAT taken for deduction

Debit 03 subaccount “MC provided for temporary use” Credit 03 subaccount “MC in the organization” - 1,080,000 - equipment transferred to Tekhnik LLC

Debit 20 Credit 02 - 23,478.26 - the accountant of Sputnik LLC calculated depreciation (Sputnik LLC will make this entry monthly)

Debit 51 Credit 62 - 36,000 - payment received from Tekhnik LLC

Debit 62 Credit 90 - 36,000 - the accountant of Tekhnik LLC reflected revenue from payments for the use of industrial equipment (Sputnik LLC will make this entry monthly)

Debit 90.03 Credit 68 - 6,000 - VAT charged (Sputnik LLC will make this entry monthly)

Debit 01 Credit 03 subaccount “MC provided for temporary use” - 1,080,000 - written off initial cost hydroelectric power station A187 upon its transfer into the ownership of Tekhnik LLC

Debit 02 Credit 01 - 845,217.36 (23,478.26 x 36 months) - accrued depreciation on hydroelectric power station A187 is written off

Debit 91.02 Credit 01 - 234,782.64 (1,080,000 - 845,217.36) - the residual value of the A187 hydroelectric power station is written off

Debit 62 Credit 91.01 - 20,000 - income taken into account (redemption value)

Debit 91.02 Credit 68 - 3,333.34 - VAT charged on the redemption price of hydroelectric power station A187

As can be seen from the examples, postings depend on many nuances of the leasing agreement. Accounting is affected by the term of the contract, the procedure for repurchasing the property, and the ownership of the leased asset. Use these examples as a cheat sheet, and your accounting will comply with all legal requirements.

Leasing accounting reflects taking into account the specifics of the relevant contractual relations. Let's consider whatThese relationships are remarkable.

Leasing: features affecting accounting

Leasing is a type of relationship that takes place when renting property. Its features include:

• The leased asset is purchased by the lessor into ownership. The item itself, its characteristics and the seller from whom the purchase is made are determined by the future user (lessee).
• The purchase is usually carried out with the assistance of borrowed money and is accompanied by insurance of risks arising under the leasing agreement. The contract usually lasts for several years.
• Throughout the entire term of the contract, the leased asset remains the property of the lessor. Although it can be accounted for both in its balance sheet and in the balance sheet of the lessee.
• The role of leased property can be either real estate (except for land and other natural objects) and any equipment that corresponds to the characteristics of a fixed asset.
• Rental (leasing) payments are accrued to both parties monthly in the amount determined by the schedule attached to the leasing agreement. These payments constitute the lessor's income.
• The amount accepted as expenses from the lessee depends on whose balance sheet the leased asset is recorded on.
• The leasing agreement ends either with the purchase of the object by the lessee, or with its return to the lessor. A provision regarding this is included in the contract. Here they also give the value at which the redemption takes place.

The amounts appearing in the leasing agreement can be expressed in currency, and then in accounting leasing in calculations will be shown in two currencies (foreign and rubles) using exchange rate differences.

Settlements under the agreement can be carried out using advance payments, and the schedule may provide for the monthly offset of a certain amount of them against the current monthly payment.

Accounting with the lessor

Accounting for leasing for the lessor is quite simple, but it depends on whose balance sheet the property is reflected on.

The cost of the leased asset is formed in the usual manner for acquired fixed assets, including all purchase costs (clause 8 of PBU 6/01, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 30, 2001 No. 26n):

Dt 08 Kt 60, 66 (67), 76.

An object ready for transfer to the lessee is reflected by posting

Dt 03 Kt 08.

If the terms of the leasing agreement state that the property remains included in the lessor’s balance sheet, then throughout the entire term of the agreement it will be shown in his account 03 with changes within this account in terms of analytics (finished or already transferred object). Leasing payments accrued monthly according to the schedule attached to the agreement will form the lessor’s income:

Dt 62 Kt 90.

And current direct expenses will form the cost of sales:

Dt 20 Kt 02.

Income will decrease by the following amounts:

• VAT on revenue:

Dt 90 Kt 68;

• direct leasing costs:

Dt 90 Kt 20;

• overhead costs:

Dt 90 Kt 26.

When the leased object is included in the lessee's balance sheet, the lessor excludes it from its balance sheet, showing the cost of the transferred property as expenses for future periods:

Dt 97 Kt 03,

and at the same time reflects it on the balance sheet:

Income under the contract, equal to the total amount of payments under it, is shown as income for future periods:

Dt 62 Kt 98.

The accrual of income in the amount of the monthly payment stipulated by the agreement is reflected by posting

Dt 98 Kt 90.

VAT is deducted from income:

Dt 90 Kt 68.

The amount of direct expenses corresponding to income reduces the amount recorded as expenses for future periods:

Dt 90 Kt 97.

The overhead costs generated per month are taken into account:

Dt 90 Kt 26.

When payment is received under the agreement, regardless of the option used to account for the property, its amount will reduce the lessee’s debt reflected in account 62:

Dt 51 Kt 62.

Read the article about whether it is profitable to become a lessor while working on the simplified tax system. .

Accounting with the lessee

For the lessee the procedure leasing accounting is also determined by whose balance sheet its item is included in. The process of settlements with the lessor is usually reflected in account 76.

When the leasing object is included in the lessor’s balance sheet, the lessee has it in full amount of payments, provided for by the agreement, show behind the balance:

The lease payment is calculated monthly in the amount specified in the payment schedule, with VAT allocated from its amount:

Dt 20 (23, 25, 26, 44) Kt 76,

Dt 19 Kt 76.

Payment of this payment is reflected by the posting

Dt 76 Kt 51.

If the leased asset is taken into account by the lessee, then he shows it on his balance sheet as a future fixed asset in the full amount of payments stipulated by the agreement, with the allocation of VAT:

Dt 08 Kt 76dog,

Dt 19 Kt 76dog,

After commissioning, the object will be reflected in fixed assets, but with separate accounting in their analytics:

Dt 01 Kt 08.

Depreciation will be calculated monthly:

Dt 20 (23, 25, 26, 44) Kt 02.

And the amount of the lease payment will also be reflected monthly according to the schedule attached to the leasing agreement, with a decrease in the total amount of debt under the agreement due to it:

Dt 76 dog Kt 76liz,

76 dog - subaccount for reflecting debt under a leasing agreement;

76 liz - subaccount for reflecting settlements on leasing payments.

At the same time, the part of VAT attributable to the lease payment, if there is an invoice, can be deducted:

Dt 68 Kt 19.

Read about the features of preparing invoices for leasing in the material .

The payment will be reflected in the posting.

Dt 76 lis Kt 51,

where 76 liz is a subaccount for reflecting settlements on leasing payments.

Redemption of the leased object

When an agreement provides for the transfer of ownership of the leased object to the lessee upon its completion, then the agreement, in addition to leasing payments, indicates the value of the purchase price of the property at which it will be sold to the lessee.

When accounting for an object in the lessor’s balance sheet, this will be reflected in the postings:

• on the formation of residual value:

Dt 02 Kt 03;

• attributing it to other expenses:

Dt 91 Kt 03;

• reflection of income from sales with VAT charged on it:

Dt 62 Kt 91,

Dt 91 Kt 68.

When the property is taken into account by the lessee, the lessor will show income from the sale with VAT charged on it without reflecting the residual value of the object in expenses:

Dt 62 Kt 91,

Dt 91 Kt 68.

At the same time, he will make a posting to the off-balance sheet account:

The lessee will reflect the purchased property as part of its capital investments at the cost of acquisition, with the allocation of VAT on the purchase price and then in its own fixed assets:

Dt 08 Kt 76,

Dt 19 Kt 76,

Dt 01 Kt 08.

If accounting was kept in the balance sheet of the lessee, then the last entry will be an increase in the value of the leased property. In the analytics for accounts 01 and 02, it will need to be transferred to own property.

When included in the lessor's balance sheet, the object will be simultaneously removed from the lessee's off-balance sheet account:

The redemption may be early. Then both parties, simultaneously with the reflection of purchase and sale transactions, will also accrue the amount of early repaid lease payments.

Return of leased property

The return of the object to the lessor upon completion of the leasing agreement or ahead of schedule when accounting for the property in its balance sheet will be reflected by entries within the analytics of account 03: from being leased out, it will move into the category of ready for this if it is planned to continue to be leased out. It is possible to further use the leased object as part of the lessor's own fixed assets:

Dt 01 Kt 03.

At the same time, corresponding changes will occur in the accounting analytics of depreciation accrued for an object within account 02.

In this situation, the lessee will reflect the return of the object on the off-balance sheet account:

The object included in the lessee's balance sheet will be returned either at zero (if settlements under the contract are fully completed) or at the residual value (if the return occurs ahead of schedule). The lessee will see this as:

• other income at zero residual value:

Dt 03 Kt 91;

• accounting for property in the amount of the balance of expenses for its acquisition with closing the amount of the balance of debt on lease payments in case of early return:

Dt 03 Kt 97,

Dt 98 Kt 62.

At the same time, the lessee will show the disposal from the off-balance sheet account:

The lessee, who took the object into account on his balance sheet, will reflect the return as:

• other expense at zero residual value with the preliminary formation of this value on account 01:

Dt 02 Kt 01,

Dt 91 Kt 01;

• writing off the residual value of property by adjusting the amount of the remaining debt upon early repayment:

Dt 02 Kt 01,

Dt 76 dog Kt 01,

Dt 76 dog Kt 19,

where 76 doge is a subaccount for reflecting debt under the leasing agreement.

When using a non-linear depreciation method, as well as if its amount does not correspond to the amount of monthly lease payments, upon early repayment, the lessee may have other expenses or income necessary to close the settlement debt:

Dt 91 Kt 76dog

Dt 76 dog Kt 91,

where 76 doge is a subaccount for reflecting debt under the leasing agreement.

Results

Accounting for transactions under a leasing agreement has its own characteristics, related not only to the special nature of this agreement, but also to the balance sheet in which the leased asset is reflected. At the same time, for the entire duration of the contract, this item remains the property of the lessor.

Accounting for transactions under a leasing agreement is regulated by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 15 of February 17, 1997.

Leasing transactions depend on whose balance sheet the leased property is reflected in: the lessor or the lessee. The party on whose balance sheet the leased property is accounted for must be indicated in the leasing agreement.

Accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the lessor’s balance sheet

payment schedule .

If the leasing agreement provides for the reflection of the leased asset on the lessor’s balance sheet, the lessee reflects the leased property on off-balance sheet account 001 “Leased fixed assets”.

The accrual of leasing payments is reflected in the credit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” in correspondence with cost accounts: 20, 23, 25, 26, 29 - when accounting for leasing payments on property that is used in production activities, 44 - for property used in activities trade organization, 91.2 - for property that is used for non-production purposes. Further, for simplicity, in the leasing accounting examples, only entries for the 20th account will be given.

Dt 001 - 1,000,000(the leased asset is accepted for accounting at cost excluding VAT)

Dt 60 - Kt 51 - 236,000(paid advance payment(down payment) under a leasing agreement)

It is necessary to take into account that the advance payment under the leasing agreement can be charged as expenses (offset of the advance payment) not immediately, but throughout the entire agreement. In the givenpayment schedule The advance payment under the agreement is offset evenly (RUB 6,555.56 each) over 36 months.

Dt 20 - Kt 76 - 29,276.27(accrued leasing payment No. 1 - 34,546 minus VAT - 5,269.73)

Dt 19 - Kt 76 - 5,269.73(VAT charged on lease payment No. 1)

Dt 20 - Kt 60 - 5,555.56(part of the advance payment under the leasing agreement is credited - 6,555.56 minus VAT 1,000)

Dt 19 - Kt 60 - 1,000(VAT is calculated based on the advance payment)

Dt 68 - Kt 19 - 6,269.73(VAT submitted to the budget)

Dt 76 - Kt 51 - 34 546(listed leasing payment No. 1)

The commission that is paid at the beginning of the leasing transaction (commission for concluding the transaction) is charged in accounting to the same expense accounts as current leasing payments.

Postings for the redemption of the leased asset

If there is a purchase price in the leasing agreement (in the givenleasing payment schedule this amount is not available, for example, let’s take it equal to 1,180 rubles including VAT) the following entries are made in accounting:

Dt 08 - Kt 76 - 1,000(reflects the costs of repurchasing the leased asset upon transfer of ownership to the lessee)

Dt 19 - Kt 76 - 180(VAT is charged when purchasing the leased asset)

Dt 68 - Kt 19 - 180(VAT submitted to the budget)

Dt 76 - Kt 51 - 1 180(the amount of redemption of the leased asset has been paid)

Dt 01 - Kt 08 - 1 000(the leased asset was accepted for accounting as part of its own fixed assets)

Accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the lessee’s balance sheet

The legislation regulating leasing accounting does not contain unambiguous instructions on the reflection of transactions under a leasing agreement if the lessee is the balance holder of the property.

Currently, the practice of communication between lessees and leasing companies with auditors and inspection bodies has developed, and a certain scheme of leasing transactions has been formed.

Accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the lessee’s balance sheet

If, under the terms of the leasing agreement, the property is accounted for on the balance sheet of the lessee, upon receipt of the leased asset in the accounting of the lessee, the value of the property minus VAT is reflected in the debit of account 08 “Investments in fixed assets“in correspondence with the credit of account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors.”

When a leased asset is accepted for accounting as part of fixed assets, its value is written off from credit 08 of account to debit 01 of account “Fixed Assets”.

The accrual of lease payments is reflected in the debit of account 76, subaccount, for example, “Settlements with the lessor” in correspondence with account 76, subaccount, for example, “Settlements for leasing payments.”

Depreciation on the leased asset is calculated by the lessee. The amount of depreciation of the leased asset is recognized as an expense common types activities and is reflected in the debit of account 20 “Main production” in correspondence with the credit of account 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets, subaccount for depreciation of leased property.

Tax accounting of leasing when reflecting property on the lessee’s balance sheet

In the tax accounting of the lessee, leased property is recognized as depreciable property.

The initial cost of the leased asset is determined as the amount of the lessor's expenses for its acquisition.

For profit tax purposes, the monthly depreciation amount is determined based on the product of the original cost of the leased asset and the depreciation rate, which is determined based on the useful life of the leased property (taking into account the classification of fixed assets included in depreciation groups). In this case, the lessee has the right to apply a coefficient of up to 3 to the depreciation rate. The specific size of the increasing coefficient is determined by the lessee in the range from 1 to 3. This coefficient does not apply to leased property belonging to the first to third depreciation groups.

Leasing payments minus the amount of depreciation on leased property are expenses associated with production and sales.

An example of accounting for leasing when reflecting property on the lessee’s balance sheet

Leasing transactions correspond to those located at the linkpayment schedule for property leasing

The lessee receivedcar leasing agreement , payment schedule parameters:

• leasing agreement term - 3 years (36 months)
• total amount payments under the leasing agreement - 1,479,655.10 rubles, incl. VAT - 225,710.10 rubles
• advance payment (down payment) - 20%, 236,000 rubles, incl. VAT - 36,000 rubles
• The cost of the car is 1,180,000 rubles, incl. VAT - 180,000 rubles

The expected period of use of the leased property is four years (48 months). The car belongs to the third depreciation group(property with a useful life of 3 to 5 years). Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method.

Let us determine the amount of monthly depreciation in accounting. Because the cost of the property (including the leasing company's remuneration) is equal to 1,253,945 rubles (1,479,655.10 - 225,710.10), monthly depreciation will be 1,253,945: 48 = 26,123.85 rubles.

The passenger car belongs to the third depreciation group, therefore tax accounting a period of 48 months may be established. The monthly depreciation rate is 2.0833% (1: 48 months x 100%), the monthly depreciation amount is 1,000,000? 2.0833% = 20,833.33 rubles.

In accordance with paragraph 10, paragraph 1 of Article 264 Tax Code Russian Federation, the amount of the lease payment recognized monthly as an expense for profit tax purposes is 8,442.94 rubles (34,546 (lease payment) - 5,269.73 (VAT as part of the lease payment) - 20,833.33 (monthly depreciation in tax accounting)) .

Expenses under the leasing agreement are formed monthly in accounting due to depreciation (26,123.85 rubles), in tax accounting - due to depreciation (20,833.33 rubles) and leasing payment (8,442.94 rubles), a total of 29,276 ,27 rubles.

Because in accounting, the amount of expenses for 36 months (the term of the leasing agreement) is less than in tax accounting, this leads to the emergence of taxable temporary differences and deferred tax obligations.

During the term of the leasing agreement, the lessee has a monthly taxable temporary difference in the amount of 3,152.42 rubles (29,276.27 - 26,123.85) and a corresponding deferred tax liability arises in the amount of 630.48 rubles (3,152.42?20% ).

Separately, it is necessary to say aboutaccounting for advance payments (down payment under the contract) . The following situations are possible:

1. When transferring property for leasing, the lessor provides an invoice for the full amount of the advance (in the givenleasing payment schedule - by 236,000 rubles). In this case, the entire amount of the advance payment minus VAT in tax accounting is recognized as an expense for profit tax purposes.

I would like to note that under the leasing agreement, services are provided throughout the entire contract and the fiscal authorities have no reason to assess compliance with the criteria of paragraph 4, paragraph 2 of Article 40 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation on the comparability of leasing payments, because individual payments cannot be considered as separate transactions, and the price under a leasing agreement must be analyzed in aggregate for all payments in the agreement.

2. The advance payment under the leasing agreement is offset in equal payments throughout the entire leasing term. In this case, the offset portion of the advance payment is recognized as an expense in tax accounting for profit tax purposes.

In the above exampleleasing payment schedule It is assumed that an advance invoice is issued to the lessee when the property is leased, i.e. In tax accounting, when transferring property into leasing, expenses in the amount of 200,000 rubles are reflected (the advance payment, which is a leasing payment, is not deducted, since in the first month when transferring property into leasing, it is not yet accrued). At the same time, a taxable temporary difference arises in the amount of 200,000 rubles and a corresponding deferred tax liability in the amount of 40,000 rubles (200,000 rubles x 20%).

At the end of the leasing agreement, the lessee will continue to accrue monthly depreciation in accounting in the amount of 26,123.85 rubles. There will be no expenses in tax accounting. This will lead to a monthly decrease in deferred tax liabilities in the amount of 5,224.77 rubles (26,123.85 rubles x 20%).

Thus, based on the results of the agreement, the total amount of deferred tax liabilities will be equal to zero:

40,000 (deferred tax liability for the advance payment) + 22,697 (630.48? 36 - deferred tax liability for current lease payments) - 62,697 (5,224.77? 12 - reduction of deferred tax liabilities for 12 months of depreciation in the accounting accounting after the end of the leasing agreement).

Postings upon receipt of the leased asset

Dt 60 - Kt 51 - 236,000(advance paid under the leasing agreement)

Dt 08 - Kt 76 (Settlements with the lessor) - 1,253,945 (debt under the leasing agreement is reflected without VAT)

Dt 19 - Kt 76 (Settlements with the lessor) - 225,710.10 (VAT reflected under the leasing agreement)

Dt 01 - Kt 08 - 1 253 945(a car received under a leasing agreement is accepted for registration)

Dt 76 - Kt 60 - 236,000(advance payment paid upon concluding the leasing agreement is included)

Dt 68 (Income tax) - Kt 77 - 40,000

Dt 68 (VAT) - Kt 19 - 36,000 (VAT submitted on advance payment)

Postings for current lease payments

Dt 20 - Kt 02 - 26 123.85

Dt 76 (Settlements with the lessor) - Kt 76 (Settlements for leasing payments) - 34,546 (leasing debt has been reduced by the amount of the lease payment)

Dt 76 “Calculations for leasing payments” - Kt 51 - 34,546 (leasing payment transferred)

Dt 68 (VAT) - Kt 19 - 5,269.73 (VAT is presented on the current lease payment)

Dt 68 (Income tax) - Kt 77 - 630.48 (deferred tax liability reflected)

Postings at the end of the leasing agreement

Dt 01 (Own fixed assets) - Kt 01 (Fixed assets received under leasing) - 1,253,945 (reflects the receipt of the car into ownership)

Dt 02 (Depreciation of leased property) - Kt 02 (Depreciation of own fixed assets) - 940,458.60 (accrued depreciation on the car is reflected)

Postings within 12 months after the end of the leasing agreement

Dt 20 - Kt 02 (Depreciation of own fixed assets) - 26,123.85 (depreciation has been calculated on the car)

Dt 77 - Kt 68 (Income tax) - 5,224.77 (reflects a decrease in deferred tax liability)

There is also a method in which the initial cost of the leased asset in accounting is equal to the cost of purchasing a car from the lessor, i.e. coincides with the value in tax accounting. In this case, on account 76, when the property is accepted for accounting, only the debt for the value of the property is reflected.

Leasing payments are accrued monthly on credit 20 of account in correspondence with account 76 in the amount of the difference between accrued depreciation and the amount of the monthly lease payment.

Select the most reasonable option for reflecting the leased property on the balance sheet of the lessor or lessee, and also agree withleasing company optimal scheme reflecting lease payments is a very complex task that requires good knowledge of the specifics accounting leasing operations and peculiarities of wording in the leasing agreement and primary documents.