In two-room apartments of old panel houses, one often has to deal with imperfect electrical wiring, which is not able to sufficiently withstand the load of modern electrical appliances. In such a situation, it is relevant to replace it with a new wiring.

Either completely new apartment you should also be puzzled by the wiring of electrical cables.

Stages of cabling around the premises of a two-room apartment

Cabling in the premises of two room apartment should be carried out in the following steps:

• drawing up a wiring diagram;
• calculation of the number of required materials, electrical fittings;
• marking, as well as wall chasing;
• fastening of cable wires;
• installation of switches, sockets, and switchgears;
• inlet shield assembly;
• dialing of the assembled line using a multimeter.

Let's take a closer look at the schema. The wiring diagram in the apartment can be drawn up with your own hands, taking into account some recommendations.

An example of wiring layout in a two-room apartment

To draw up a wiring diagram with your own hands, you can use a copy of the apartment plan, where it is very convenient to mark the connection points for lamps, switches and sockets.

various design elements on the diagram

The starting point of the scheme is usually taken as the location of the switchboard, which is often located in the corridor near the front door. When drawing up a diagram with your own hands, we recommend using the following tips:

1. It is customary to carry out electrical wiring lines in an apartment strictly vertically or horizontally, which helps to reduce the risk of damage to them when drilling walls for various purposes.

   do wiring horizontally or vertically

2. It is better to lay the electrical wiring line 20 cm from the ceiling or along the floor using a special electrical plinth.
   
3. It is recommended to conditionally divide the lighting line and the power line into several groups with a separate circuit breaker connected to each group. For example, one circuit breaker will be responsible for lighting the bathroom and corridor, and the other - for the light in the kitchen, bedroom and living room. The layout of the line of outlets in a two-room apartment should also be divided into groups.

   Example wiring diagram and single line diagram with different connection groups

4. Each room (except the bathroom) must have its own junction box. It is recommended to make electrical wiring to the bathroom from a junction box located in the corridor.

   on the diagram you can see the blue circles marked junction boxes for each room

5. If the owner of the apartment wants to do the lighting of the balcony with his own hands (since this is not expected by the developer), you can remove a separate cable from the junction box located in the next room.

   an example of the location of the wiring in a two-room apartment and the power supply of the balcony

6. In the case of a large winding room, lighting is best done with the help of several lamps, which will be controlled from a two-gang switch. If this condition is not met, then the lighting in the apartment may be insufficient.
7. During installation, sockets are usually recommended to be placed 30 cm from the floor level, but they can also be located at a higher height (for example, above the working surface of the table). For every 6 m2 of the room, it is recommended to install at least one outlet. And in the kitchen it is better to make as many outlets as there are household appliances (usually 5-6 pieces).

   location of sockets in the room

8. Before drawing up a do-it-yourself wiring diagram, carefully plan the future arrangement of furniture and appliances in rooms in order to avoid overlapping outlets with furniture or not reaching cords from household appliances to power sources.
9. In the wiring diagram, it is necessary to without fail turn on the RCD (residual current device) rated for 30 mA. For the bathroom, it is better to install an additional RCD for a current of 10mA. It can protect cables from overheating in the event of a short circuit, current leakage, or network overvoltage.

   An example of a single-line diagram of an apartment with a protective RCD after the meter

To draw up a do-it-yourself wiring diagram for an apartment, you must first take into account the possible load.

Single line wiring diagram is divided into several groups

The calculation of this load does not have rules and regulations, but is carried out independently, taking into account the needs of the owners of the apartment.
Consider, as an example, the possible load on the electrical wiring in the living room. There may be an air conditioner, a TV, a computer, as well as other electrical appliances (iron, hair dryer, etc.) temporarily connected.

The sum of the powers of each of these devices will be approximately 3 kW. In addition, there is a lighting network in the living room. This can be a 400 W chandelier and 6 60 W lamps. In total, 760 watts come out.

It turns out that the total power required for the living room is 3760 watts. Then we make the same approximate calculation for other rooms of the apartment and add up all the values ​​obtained.

Total can come out about 10 kW, if not more.
This total power is obtained when using all electrical appliances in the apartment at the same time, which is extremely rare. This calculation will be required for further distribution of possible loads by groups.

An example of wiring in an apartment with a cable of different sections

Choosing a power scheme for an apartment

After calculating the power of the possible load in the apartment, it is necessary to proceed with the distribution of loads into groups. But this requires knowing electric current instead of power. Based on Ohm's law, where P is the power, and U is the mains voltage (that is, 220 V), we find that an electrical device with a power of 1000 W will consume a current equal to 4.55 A.

An example of the layout of the electrical wiring of a two-room apartment divided into groups of sockets and lighting

For the margin of safety of the cable, we will round the value to 5 A.
Now we need to distribute the loads. Based on clause 6.2.6 of the PUE, circuit breakers rated for a current of not more than 25 A should be used to power the lighting network and sockets.

At the same time, according to clause 6.2.3 of the EMP, it is not allowed to supply more than 20 sockets and lamps from one circuit breaker. As a result, the lighting group is often powered from a machine rated for a rated current of 16 A.

It is worth noting that it is not necessary to distribute the socket and lighting groups. During the installation process, many distribute the rooms. The main thing in this is uniform connection of loads.

It turns out that 1 or 2 groups of lighting will be powered from a 16 A machine and 2 or 3 groups of sockets - from a 25 A machine.

Do-it-yourself rules for distributing load groups

1. Firstly, since the outlet in the bathroom must be installed through an RCD, it would be more appropriate to connect it to the kitchen outlet group.
2. Secondly, if the apartment provides for the connection of heating devices with a power of more than 2.5 kW, it would be more expedient to power them from a separate circuit breaker of the required power.
3. Thirdly, in the presence of a three-phase network, it is better to power different groups from different phases. It is better to do it yourself, if the possibility of confusion is excluded. If you are not very confident in your knowledge, then it is better to power from one phase.

Do-it-yourself electrical wiring diagram for a two-room apartment is not so complicated and provides for up to 4 load groups. For this reason, confusion may occur during the installation process, so the groups must be mounted one by one.

One of the stages of repair - laying electrical network. This type communications need to be replaced over time. It is necessary to take into account a lot of nuances - to design and draw up a wiring diagram, choose ways to connect circuits, type of wiring, comply with all conditions for fire safety etc. It must also be remembered that the wiring diagram for different apartments, depending on the number and location of their rooms, will also have its own characteristics.

Types of electrical wiring

Consider the general classification of electrical wiring in an apartment. Depending on the type of installation, it happens:

• open electrical wiring - laid on the surface of the walls, ceiling outside. The fastening of wires is diverse: cable channel, corrugation, skirting boards, etc. The cables in this wiring, compared to the hidden one, may have a smaller cross section. Can be fixed, portable or mobile
• Hidden electrical wiring - laid inside structures: in pipes, ducts, recesses, etc. One of the most common cable laying methods. Of the main disadvantages is the lack of access to wiring. And in the event of a malfunction, it will take a lot of effort to get to it. Cables in such a network have a larger cross section. The power grid needs to be designed in advance
• Outdoor electrical wiring - network laying outside the building. Can also be open or hidden

At the design stage of the wiring diagram, you need to consider:

• Places for installation of electrical panels and sockets
• Number of electrical outlets in the apartment
• Electrical power household appliances, which will be used constantly and periodically
• Marking wires, and for open wiring - their attachment points
• Basic requirements for electrical wiring - copper cables for laying the network, mains power 380/220 V, earthing system TN-C-S or TN-S

Connection methods

Electrical connection methods:

• Consistently- the voltage of all elements of the network is added up, in each of them the current strength is the same. There are no nodes in the chain, and therefore, if one element fails, all the others stop working.
• Parallel- the same voltage is applied to all parallel connected branches of the circuit. The current strength in the nodes is equal to the sum of the currents in the connected parallel conductors. Elements are not interconnected, but united by nodes. If one of them fails, this fact does not affect the work of the others.
• mixed- both methods of connection are used on the same section of the chain

Wiring types

There are three types of electrical wiring:

• With junction boxes: the electrical panel is located outside the apartment - on the site at the entrance. A counter with several machines is placed on the shield. From the shield the cable goes to the apartment. Each room has its own junction box. They are connected to the network in series. General scheme looks like that:
• "Star"- the electric point is located on a separate cable line and is connected directly to a separate machine in the shield. Unprofitable in terms of labor costs and cash costs for laying cables and wires to each element, buying a more powerful reader and a large number machine guns
• "Plume"- this wiring method is similar to the "star". The difference is that on a separate cable that comes from the shield, there is not one element, but a group. The diagram looks like this:

Usually several types of wiring are used at once.

wiring diagram

When drawing up a wiring diagram, it is better to make two plan options: one for placing lamps, the second for sockets. Sources of energy consumption are divided into groups. For each of them, a separate machine will be provided in the counter. The need for such distribution is associated with a decrease in the load on the cable. Also, in the event of a malfunction, the entire apartment will not be de-energized, but only the room in which the wiring needs to be repaired.

You can make separate groups for:

• Sockets - automatic on 25A both for rooms and for the kitchen with a bathroom
• Lighting - use the machine on 10A
• For large household appliances (washing machine, electric stove, hoods, etc.) separate machines for 25A or 32A

Next, you should determine the number of outlets and their location in the apartment. First, the places of energy consumption of the main appliances are assigned, then switches, lighting elements and junction boxes. When arranging sockets and switches, you need to take into account their future comfortable use. For this:

• They should be located to the left of the entrance.
• Sockets are installed in 40 cm from the floor. The kitchen may have a different height
• Switches - on top 90 cm from the floor

When designing a typical power distribution network, it is necessary to take into account General requirements security:

• In the bathroom, you can install a socket only if there is a transformer
• Grounding sockets must not be connected to the neutral wire
• For an electric stove in the kitchen, an automatic machine is needed. 63 A
• Cable laying path must be horizontal and vertical, at right angles
• The distance between the wires should ideally not be less than 0.3 cm, to the floor or ceiling - no less 1.5 cm, up to windows, door jambs - no less 1 cm
• It is better to install switches and sockets throughout the apartment at the same height.
• The wire is connected to the sockets from below, and to the switches - from above.
• If the shield is located inside the apartment, it must be placed at a height inaccessible to children.

Placing electrical wiring in a one-room apartment

Typical wiring diagram in one-room apartment includes two branches that feed the living room and bathroom (with toilet) with kitchen.

The ideal wiring diagram for a one-room apartment will provide separate cables for different groups of elements.

In addition to the location of sockets, lamps and appliances in a one-room apartment, it is necessary to determine the routes for the cables. They will depend on the type of the room itself and the interior design. For example, in panel houses wiring must be laid in the floor or at the junction of the floor and walls. And in brick house in a one-room apartment, wiring can be hidden in the wall strobes.

Placing wiring in a two-room apartment

In a two-room apartment, depending on the type of house, there are two standard electrical wiring:

Two-room apartments in Khrushchev need a complete replacement of electricians, at least because of the inconvenient location and the minimum number of electrical outlets and switches.

Placing wiring in a three-room apartment

To place the power grid in a three-room apartment, all the necessary requirements associated with the installation of junction boxes in each room and the grouping of elements for connecting to a cable line are also met.

Typical connection diagram three-room apartment looks like that:

As can be seen from the diagram, the wiring to the loggia is not displayed.

In all types of premises and for all types of wiring, the amount of cable is calculated based on the size of the premises, and the number of automatic machines - on the number of groups.

If you decide to replace the old wiring in Brezhnevka or Khrushchev, we recommend that you look at two typical wiring diagrams in a two-room apartment panel house. Further, we will not only provide modern projects placement of sockets, switches and junction boxes, but also recommendations for drawing up an electrical circuit with your own hands.

How to draw a plan yourself

If you want to independently draw a plan for the placement of sockets, switches and junction boxes in each room of a two-room apartment, we advise you to consider the following points:

1. It is not necessary to connect the entire group of sockets or the lighting line under one circuit breaker. It is advisable to “break” the power and lighting lines into several groups yourself. For example, one machine is responsible for lighting in the corridor and bathroom, and the second one is responsible for lighting in the hall, kitchen and bedroom. At the same time, the outlet line diagram in a 2-room Khrushchevka should be similarly distributed into several groups. About that, we told in a separate article.
2. In order to independently draw a design wiring diagram in a two-room apartment, use a photocopy of the housing plan. IN this document all room sizes are designed according to actual values, so in the future, during installation, you will not have any difficulties with marking the walls.
3. and switches are not standardized by GOST standards and rules, so you can choose the most suitable distance from the floor for your conditions.
4. Each room must have its own junction box, with the exception of the bathroom. Due to the high humidity in the bathroom, it is better to place the junction box in the corridor and from there carry out the wiring for sockets and lamps.
5. As a rule, developers do not conduct electricity to the balcony. This is already done by the landlord himself. If you decide with your own hands, you can bring a separate wire from the junction box of the next room, and not directly from the apartment panel.
6. Protective automation must be installed in the shield - an RCD and a circuit breaker, which will protect the wiring in a two-room Khrushchev from short circuits, current leakage and overvoltage of the mains.
7. If the room is winding (like the hallway in the second of the diagrams we provided below), it is better to install several lights controlled by a two-gang switch. Otherwise it won't be good enough.

Ready examples

So, to your attention, wiring diagrams for a 2-room apartment of a panel and brick house:

As you can see, for a long and winding corridor, it is really better to install several chandeliers, which will make the lighting better. As for sockets, most of them are in the kitchen, because. here you need to connect a lot of household electrical appliances: extractor hood, electric stove, refrigerator, dishwasher, microwave, kettle, etc.

To draw up a wiring diagram yourself, we recommend that you study the following articles:

1. How to arrange sockets in the apartment:
2. The correct location of the fixtures on the ceiling:
3. How to draw up a wiring diagram before repair:

You may also need a switchboard assembly diagram (one of the options):

The only difference is that in your case there will be more single-pole automata, because. Most likely there will be more groups of outlets. Or simply there will be more consumers on one machine if the load does not exceed 3.5 kW per machine. As we indicated in the recommendations, the sockets were divided into several groups, the wiring is additionally protected by RCDs and. The latter will protect the apartment from overvoltage and equipment failure when the neutral wire breaks, which is a common situation in the old housing stock.

We hope that the provided drawings were useful to you. If you have any difficulties in drawing up a wiring diagram in a two-room apartment of a panel house, be sure to ask our specialists in the "" category! Illustrative photo and video examples electrical work You can see in the article: do it yourself.

An important condition for the acquisition of housing is its layout, which determines the convenience of living in it for all family members.

When buying, as a rule, the functional arrangement of rooms, a spacious kitchen, and a sufficient number of window openings are taken into account.

Consider the popular ideas for planning 2-room apartments, the most popular among consumers.

Features of the layout of two-room premises

Apartments consisting of two living rooms are the most affordable option on the housing market, since its total area and cost allows you to equip everything you need for comfortable living premises.

As a rule, each owner wants to make his home cozy and multifunctional, resorting to redevelopment of space, regardless of which housing market, secondary or primary, the apartment was purchased. This is far from simple and fast.

Drawing up a plan for the reconstruction and planning of 2-room apartments requires compliance with and taking into account some of the nuances:

• area of ​​the room;
• location of housing premises;
• location of door/window openings;
• the presence of a loggia;
• the presence and location of load-bearing walls,
• features of the passage of communications;
• the number of residents, taking into account the individual distribution of personal space;
• choice of style for the apartment;
• planning permission.

The decision to redevelop the premises belonging to you is coordinated and legalized by the relevant authorities (usually BTI).

To do this, you need to prepare the following package of documents:

• apartment passport (technical or cadastral);
• certificate of registration of property;
• project plan for reconstruction;
• a detailed description of the actions for redevelopment of the space, drawn up in the form of an application on a special form.

These requirements are the same for all, without exception, citizens residing in the territory of the Russian Federation.

Disadvantages and advantages of planning

There are residential premises of the secondary and primary (modern) market. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.

The latter are mainly present on the secondary housing market built in the Soviet era and represented by standard layouts of 2-room apartments.

Consumers identify the following disadvantages that require the reconstruction of such premises:

• small apartment area (especially true for Khrushchev);
• a small entrance hall, often with a narrow long corridor, which can be changed with the help of original design solutions;
• shared bathroom (some consider this to be an advantage);
• low ceilings (not related to stalin);
• tiny kitchen;
• features of the location of gas communications, prohibiting redevelopment due to increased fire hazard.

In modern premises, you can meet the following inconveniences:

• the number of apartments in the stairwell: as a rule, these are small families with a corridor system, but they are also found in elite buildings;
• isolated rooms;
• a freight elevator borders the largest apartment;
• lack of window openings (especially in rooms large area);
• parallel (opposite) placement of a bath and a toilet;
• poor room proportions.

Due to the high competition in the housing market, developers are trying to make the most convenient and multifunctional layout.

Modern dwellings therefore have a number of advantages.

These include a spacious kitchen with a ventilation system placed outside it:

• the presence of utility and storerooms, in elite buildings - dressing rooms;
• optimal ceiling height;
• large balcony / loggia;
• absence of non-functional areas.

A good trend has become the possibility of self-selection of the design project of an apartment at the construction stage. Developers offer buyers 2-3 layout options.

Optimal housing planning

Among the standard requirements of modern ideas for planning a two-room apartment, the most optimal are:

• the number of living quarters should be proportionate to the total area of ​​the apartment (about 70 m2);
• non-residential premises (halls, corridors, dressing rooms) should not exceed 20% of the total area;
• a kitchen of 12-14 m2 is considered functional;
• the presence of a protruding part of the visit (bay window) with large window openings;
• the presence of a balcony / loggia;
• ceilings with a height of 2.8 m;
• windows facing different sides;
• the presence of pantries or other necessary utility rooms.
• the presence of bathrooms equal to the number of bedrooms.

indoors modern type the number of bathrooms should be equal to the number of bedrooms.

Varieties of layouts of two-room apartments

The most frequent options undergoing reconstruction are premises in panel houses and the so-called Khrushchev, which are typical layouts 2-room apartments.

Standard planning of a dwelling (more options can be seen in the photo of the layout of a two-room apartment below) is to increase the total area by excluding utility rooms or reducing the square footage of the kitchen, corridor, balcony, pantry.

This distribution of space often does not suit tenants and requires re-planning of standard premises, regardless of the type of building (panel or monolithic) in which they are located.

As a rule, they resort to combining the bathroom (or vice versa separation), increasing the kitchen space (in Lately the trend is to create a living room by combining the kitchen and the hall), dividing one large room into two, as well as including a loggia (balcony) in the living area or completely dismantling the walls (studio apartment).

Let us consider in more detail the most popular types of standard layouts of premises undergoing reconstruction:

In panel houses, the layout of 2-room apartments p44t with a total area of ​​​​50 - 58 m2 is presented.

The room has two living rooms and a kitchen with a footage of 8-10 squares. There is a balcony and storage room, separate bathroom. Most often, the reconstruction comes down to combining the bathroom and the reconstruction of the balcony to expand the living space of the room.

New buildings of the type I-155 and KOPE-M have a more successful internal arrangement. The kitchen area ranges from 10 to 12 m2 and depends on the location of the apartment in the house. total area apartments - 50 - 75 squares.

Among the apartments - undershirts, the layout of 2 room Khrushchev, is considered the most successful option.

With an area of ​​46 m2, it consists of symmetrically located rooms with respect to the bathroom, kitchen and pantry. Convenience lies in the complete isolation of large rooms. The layout is convenient. If the apartment is located at the end of the house and has two on different walls, it is possible to divide this space into two small areas.

A mini-improvement, a two-room Khrushchev building with an area of ​​44.6 m2, is also undergoing frequent reconstruction.

The existing pantry with a door leading to the hallway allows you to enlarge the kitchen due to the bathroom, which is transferred to the place of the pantry. You can move the partition between the bathroom and the kitchen by combining the bath and toilet.

How to improve your living space, each tenant decides for himself. An invariable condition when choosing a living space is multifunctionality, convenience and proportionality of the location of the premises, good natural lighting.

Photo of planning ideas for a two-room apartment

Two-room apartments are the most demanded living space. As a rule, their sizes and price are the most acceptable. It can easily accommodate a family of four. However, as practice shows, the layout of 2-room apartments is imperfect, and in order to gain maximum coziness and comfort, you still have to change something, especially for old buildings.

In Soviet times, houses were most often built without taking into account the needs of residents, so one could only dream of rational distribution. As a rule, these are tiny kitchens, narrow, but combined bathrooms or separate, but small ones, and much more.

Modern houses, as the layout diagram of a 2-room apartment shows, are more comfortable, but, unfortunately, they also have drawbacks. Most often, they are based on the individuality factor, so many resort to redevelopment. However, in order to subsequently avoid problems with the transfer of interior partitions, it will be necessary to legalize these actions in the relevant organization (BTI). It is also worth paying attention to another very important nuance: in no case should any manipulations be carried out with the bearing walls, as this can lead to the destruction of the entire building.

Disadvantages of planning two-room apartments

In order for the living space to be as comfortable and rational as possible, it is necessary to try to neutralize all the disadvantages as much as possible at the initial stages. It should be noted that some of them are visible immediately, while others (hidden) emerge only after the work is completed.

So, let's try to deal with the shortcomings of two-room apartments:

Where does remodeling begin?

The standard layout of a 2-room apartment is indicated in the documents for this housing. There is information about the exact dimensions, the location of communications, etc. Naturally, before starting work, it is necessary to fully study and analyze all these parameters. It is also worth considering the wishes of all the people living here. A reliable option is to entrust the drafting of the project to qualified professionals. This will help you completely avoid common mistakes.

Below we consider four types of the most common layouts of two-room apartments.

Stalinka

The houses that were built in the 1940s and 1950s are called "Stalinka". Their layout can be envied: high ceilings, large rooms, convenient location. As a rule, load-bearing walls are only external, and this opens great opportunities when choosing a design. Often the layout of 2-room apartments in such houses allows you to modify the room without much damage, for example, to divide one large bedroom into two smaller ones. Such a solution will make it possible to equip a nursery or an office.

Brezhnevka

Houses built during the years of L. Brezhnev's rule, in comparison with Stalin's times, have somewhat decreased in size. However, this is not the worst version of old buildings. The rooms are not gigantic, but quite spacious, the bathroom is separate, the kitchen is 7-8 sq. m. This layout of a 2-room apartment is quite acceptable. If necessary, some partitions can be moved, but it is worth considering that in these houses load-bearing walls can pass inside the apartment. Therefore, it is recommended to consult with the design organization before carrying out work.

Khrushchev

An interesting fact is that the Khrushchev houses were built as temporary housing, but at the moment this type of house is one of the most common. They are considered the most inconvenient and problematic. This is a critically small kitchen, a combined bathroom small sizes, a narrow corridor, walk-through rooms, etc. You can list indefinitely, since the layout of a 2-room apartment in Khrushchev has more disadvantages than advantages. However, do not get upset ahead of time. Modern designers offer many successful projects that will help to radically transform the interior of such an apartment. Highlights of these works: