Let's consider financial reporting forms (financial statements), in particular about public financial (accounting) reporting.
Financial reporting forms
Exists 4 forms of financial (accounting) reporting:
- Balance sheet (it groups the assets and liabilities of the organization).
- Report on financial results(the report provides data on the organization’s income).
- Report on changes in capital (the report provides information on the movement of the authorized and reserve and additional capital).
- Cash Flow Statement (the report displays information about cash flows).
The most used in the practice of financial analysis are the first two forms: Balance Sheet and Statement of Financial Results
The purpose of preparing financial statements of an enterprise
primary goal Preparation of financial statements is a reflection of the results of the production and economic activities of the enterprise and the financial condition of the enterprise.
Where can I find financial reporting forms for business?
By law, all enterprises that issue shares must disclose their information (in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 1.7. “Regulations on the disclosure of information by issuers of securities”) valuable papers", approved by the Order Federal service By financial markets Russian Federation dated October 4, 2011 No. 11-46/pz-n). All financial statements joint stock companies now you can watch it.
Public reporting means that it is publicly available to all users. For example, on enterprise websites you can see the “Information Disclosure” section and there, as a rule, there is a “Shareholders and Investors” tab. It will contain the financial results of the year or financial reports by quarter.
The figure below, on the Tupolev JSC website, shows financial statements enterprises for 2013. There are 4 forms of financial reporting. Audit report– this is the fact of verification of financial statements by an independent body. There's no point in watching it for us. We also don’t really need explanations for the balance sheet to carry out financial analysis.
Forms of financial (accounting) statements of JSC Tupolev on the company website
Who needs business financial reporting forms? Types of financial statements
Let's take a look: who needs data from the financial reporting forms of an enterprise? Typically this is investors and shareholders. They use a company's financial statements to evaluate the return on investment of their investments. The table below presents all users of the enterprise's financial statements.
|
Financial Statement User |
Purpose of financial statement analysis |
| Investors and shareholders | Assessing the profitability of your investment in the enterprise |
| FTS (Federal Tax Service) | Assessment of an enterprise for its taxability |
| Counterparties | Grade financial condition partner |
| Banks | Enterprise assessment for issuing a loan |
| Arbitration court | To assess the fact of bankruptcy of an enterprise |
Transformation of the old form of financial reporting into a new one (after 2011)
After 2011, new forms of financial reporting appeared. It is often necessary to convert old forms of financial (accounting) reporting to new ones. Below is a table of translation (Forms No. 1 and Forms No. 2 into the new forms “Balance Sheet” and “Financial Results”). The old lines (designated by Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 66n) are matched with new lines (designated by Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 67n).
|
Indicator name |
Old codes (before 2011) |
New codes (after 2011) |
| Intangible assets | ||
| Fixed assets | ||
| Construction in progress | ||
| Profitable investments in material assets | ||
| Long-term financial investments | ||
| Deferred tax assets | ||
| Other noncurrent assets | ||
| FIXED ASSETS | ||
| Reserves | ||
| VAT on purchased assets | ||
| Accounts receivable (more than a year) | ||
| buyers and customers | ||
| Accounts receivable (less than a year) | ||
| buyers and customers | ||
| Short-term financial investments | ||
| Cash | ||
| Other current assets | ||
| CURRENT ASSETS | ||
| ASSETS total | ||
| Authorized capital | ||
| Extra capital | ||
| Reserve capital | ||
| reserves formed in accordance with legislation | ||
| reserves formed in accordance with the establishment. documents | ||
| Retained earnings (uncovered loss) | ||
| CAPITAL AND RESERVES | ||
| Loans and credits (long-term) | ||
| Other long-term liabilities | ||
| LONG TERM DUTIES | ||
| Loans and credits (short-term) | ||
| Accounts payable | ||
| debt to the government off-budget funds | ||
| Debt to participants (founders) for payment of income | ||
| revenue of the future periods | ||
| Reserves upcoming expenses and payments | ||
| Other current liabilities | ||
| SHORT-TERM LIABILITIES | ||
| LIABILITIES total | ||
| Sales proceeds (excluding VAT, excise taxes...) | ||
| Cost of goods, products, works, services sold | ||
| Gross profit | ||
| Business expenses | ||
| Administrative expenses | ||
| Profit (loss) from sale | ||
| Interest receivable | ||
| Percentage to be paid | ||
| Income from participation in other organizations | ||
| Other income | ||
| Other operating expenses | ||
| Profit (loss) before tax | ||
| Current income tax | ||
| Net profit |
Download financial reporting forms
Summary
In the future, forms of domestic financial (accounting) reporting created according to RAS will increasingly be transformed into the IFRS standard ( International standard financial statements).
Thank you for your attention! Good luck!
Financial statements are a collection of various forms based on data financial accounting in order to collect and summarize information necessary for further planning of the company’s activities.
There are four main types of financial statements, as well as additional applications. Depending on the duration of the billing period, each type can be annual or intermediate.
The main forms of financial reporting at an enterprise include:
Gains and losses report.
Statement of changes in equity
Cash flow statement.
Recommended forms of financial statements, as well as instructions for their completion, are established by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. Each of these types of financial statements discloses certain information necessary for specific purposes. Let's look at them separately and in more detail.
Balance sheet is a form of financial reporting that reveals the characteristics of a company's assets and liabilities in monetary terms. Externally balance sheet is a table containing information on the property (asset) and financial (liability) state of the enterprise as of a certain date. The main characteristic of such a form of financial reporting as the balance sheet is valuation, that is, all the indicators under consideration have a monetary measurement. The construction of a balance is based on the balance between the sources of capital and its direction.
Profit and loss statement is a type of financial reporting containing information on income and expenses, as well as financial results, presented in an accrual amount from the beginning of the year to the reporting date. This form of financial reporting of an enterprise allows you to assess the organization’s activities for a certain period. Unlike the balance sheet, which is a static characteristic, the profit and loss statement reflects the dynamics of the business process.
Statement of Changes in Equity - a form of accounting financial statements showing the movement authorized capital, reserve capital, additional capital, and also reflecting all changes in the value retained earnings (uncovered loss) enterprises. This type The financial statements of an enterprise consist of two parts, presented sequentially one after another. The first part reveals information for the previous reporting period, in the second - for the one under consideration. In accordance with paragraphs. 3 and 4 of the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 22, 2003 No. 67n small businesses not subject to mandatory audit, and non-profit organizations may not include a statement of changes in equity.
Cash flow statement is a form of financial reporting that characterizes the difference between the inflow and outflow of cash for the reporting period and the previous reporting period. This type of financial statements reflects information about the actual receipt and expenditure of funds, that is, about debit and credit turnover in accounts 50 "Cash" (not counting the amount in the subaccount " Money documents"), 51 "Current accounts", 52 "Currency accounts", 55 "Special bank accounts" and 57 "Transfers in transit."
Accounting statements are a clear system of calculated indicators that demonstrate the actual state of affairs at the enterprise and reflect the results. It is necessary for the analysis and objective assessment of the company's performance.
The basis for its compilation is accounting data. What financial statements are, the types and requirements for their preparation is the topic of this article.
Functions performed
The form requires filling out two parts. The first contains information about the available capital in the previous reporting period, the second part is devoted to information for the period of time under consideration. The information in this report deciphers the balance sheet indicators concentrated in the third section.
Cash flow statement
Types of financial statements are supplemented by a specific form showing the dynamics of the movement of the most liquid assets company - cash. Data on actual inflows and outflows financial resources are presented in comparison with data from the previous period, which implies an analysis of the dynamics of the asset’s movement. The information presented in the report is based on data from the second section of the balance sheet, where information about revolving funds companies.
Financial reporting requirements
Information presented in reporting forms is the most important source of obtaining information about the state of affairs in the company. Therefore, financial statements, the types of which are described in this article, provide for a number of requirements. These include reliability, integrity, relevance. To ensure them upon completion financial year The enterprise carries out inventories of all accounting accounts - property, production assets and inventories, cash, liabilities and debts.
In addition, the submission of financial statements must be carried out within a certain time frame, all the necessary information and details must be filled out in the report sheets, and stamps must be affixed. Accounting statements, their types required for a separate company, are approved by the appropriate signatures.
Accounting statements are the main financial indicator of the performance of Russian companies. Reporting shows the financial position of the organization at reporting date, changes in financial position, financial results of activities for the reporting period. The company's financial statements are necessary to evaluate the counterparty, obtain information about its Fixed Assets, Revenue, Profit or Loss and other indicators obtained during the reporting period. Conducting a financial analysis will identify all possible risks of the company being audited.
On the CHESTNYBUSINESS portal you can receive a Balance Sheet (Form No. 1), Profit and Loss Statement (Form No. 2) of any company in the Russian Federation (LLC, PJSC, OJSC and others).
The portal offers absolutely free receipt of accounting (financial) statements of ANY COMPANY in the Russian Federation, submitted to state statistics bodies (from open data of ROSSTAT)*
To search for company reports, use the search bar:
To do this, enter the company’s INN or OGRN in the search bar. If you do not have exact details, it will be enough to enter the company name. If the name is common and your request produces a list, it is advisable to clarify your request:
- . enter the company name + director's surname (for example: TEKHPROM IVANOV)
- . or: company name + location (for example: TEKHPROM MOSCOW)
- . or all parameters at once (for example: TEKHPROM IVANOV MOSCOW)
You will receive a company card with all official data. In a separate tab “FINANCIAL REPORTING” of the Company Card, financial statements for the last 5 years will be presented.**
In accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, all commercial enterprises and individual entrepreneurs must submit financial statements to specialized bodies.
Filing official financial statements is the responsibility of everyone who does accounting. According to Federal law No. 402 of December 6, 2011, Part 1, Art. 6, part 2 art. 13 – these are all organizations, regardless of the form of taxation applied.
- . individual entrepreneur(a person engaged in private practice) - if he keeps records of income or income and expenses and (or) other objects of taxation or physical indicators (for example, when application of UTII) in the manner established by the Russian tax legislation;
- . a branch, representative office or other structural unit of an organization located on the territory of Russia, created in accordance with the legislation of a foreign state, if they keep records of income, expenses and (or) other objects of taxation in the manner established by tax legislation.
According to the law, annual financial statements must be submitted to:
- . V tax office(FTS);
- . to the statistical authorities (ROSSTAT).
We wish you fruitful and comfortable work with the portal!
Your HONEST BUSINESS.RF.
* “Accounting statements are open to users - founders (participants), investors, credit institutions, creditors, buyers, suppliers, etc. The organization must provide an opportunity for users to familiarize themselves with the financial statements.” clause 42 of the Regulations “Accounting statements of an organization” (PBU 4/99), approved. By order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 6, 1999 N 43n.
** In case the company submits financial statements to ROSSTAT authorities.
Every company must keep records of its activities. Depending on the size of the company, and therefore the turnover of the chosen form of taxation, the company submits reports to a certain extent to the relevant government authorities. The main task of the chief accountant in in this case- prepare and submit financial reporting forms that will contain information about economic condition enterprises based on the results of a certain period.
It should be noted that each report has a code tax return. It is important that the data presented in the reporting forms correspond directly to the information in primary documents. Based specified information The state of the company and its possibilities for further work are determined.
Financial reporting: forms
Forms of financial statements of an enterprise, according to classification code 0710099, include several reports that present differently financial position affairs in the company. Thus, the following reports are completed:
- Balance sheet. This reporting is one of the main ones for companies. The balance sheet reflects the company's assets and liabilities that have a valuation.
- The financial results reporting form is completed based on actual data on the company's performance. This form includes indicators of revenue, and, accordingly, cost, gross profit, expenses (divided into commercial and administrative), taken into account tax obligations etc. Previously, this reporting form was called “Profit and Loss”.
- The statement of changes in equity is considered a supplement to the balance sheet and explains what changes have occurred in the company's capital structure. This form reflects the dynamics of changes in capital due to securities or revaluation of company property.
- Cash flow report is a type of reporting that provides information about the organization’s cash flow in any currency. The turnover of all company accounts, as well as cash, is indicated here. cash.
- Report on intended use funds reflects the funds received and the structure of their expenditure. That is, what expense items and what amounts were spent during the specified period.
Methods of presenting financial statements
The accounting financial statements under consideration (form KND 0710099) are approved by a special order of the Ministry of Finance. It must be submitted to the tax authority within a certain time frame.
It should be noted that the specified data is submitted to the tax authority once a year based on the results of activities for the previous period. The filing deadline is three months after the end of the previous calendar year.
Reporting methods vary. With the development of communication channels, the preferred method of submission is the electronic version. At the same time, other methods are still supported - through sending by the postal service or directly submitting reports in person and arriving at the tax authority.
Reporting on financial indicators can also be generated throughout the year. In this case, it is not provided to the tax authority, but is sent to the authorized person who made the request for it. Most often these are the founders or shareholders of the company.
Structure of information provision in financial reporting forms
For greater clarity and better perception of data information, tables have been developed for each form of financial reporting. Since most companies keep records in specialized programs, these forms are filled out in in electronic format almost automatically. That is, if all the primary data for any area of the company’s activity is entered into the accounting program, then the person responsible for preparing and submitting reports will only need to generate the necessary form and check the correctness of the data.
For those companies that keep records without a program, the tax authorities provide their own specialized program that allows you to enter all the necessary data into it and submit it to the tax office.
The task of government bodies when receiving reports
The main task of the enterprise is to deadlines, V in full and provide information about financial indicators companies. For the tax authority, the specified data is needed to determine the performance of the enterprise, including as a taxpayer.
To others government agency, where the information is also sent, is the statistics body. In this case, the data obtained form a picture of the enterprise’s economic activity, dynamics and development opportunities. By collecting similar information from enterprises in the same industry, you can get an idea of the processes operating in this area, for example, stagnation or growth.
Shareholders as customers of financial statements
These forms of analysis of financial statements are in demand not only by tax authorities. The information presented in these forms will be of particular interest to the company's shareholders. From each financial reporting form, you can get information about how the company performed in previous period, what risks exist in the company’s work, what should be changed in certain company processes. For example, a report on the use of funds will show the structure of expenses. If non-production costs exceed direct production costs, then such a distribution of costs will be dangerous for efficient work companies.
Disclosure of information about financial results to banks and creditors
Interested parties in obtaining information from reporting, for example from a form of financial reporting such as a balance sheet, will be creditors and banks. Other reports on the financial performance of the company are no less interesting for this type of organization.
In the event that a company makes a request for credit funds, it must provide information about its performance. And these are not just documents signed by the company’s management, but financial statements, the form of which is certified tax authority. By doing this, lenders and banks insure the transaction, since a document certified by another inspection body should no longer contain incorrect data.
Conclusion
As a result of its activities, any company should see its results. In addition, there is an obligation for companies to submit information about financial results to the relevant authorities and disclose it to interested parties. For a more structured type of information provision, special financial reporting forms have been developed, through which various blocks of financial indicators can be analyzed.