The volume and number of non-cash payments in the Russian Federation are growing steadily. This is evidenced by data from analytical agencies and reports. banking system countries. Electronic wallets occupy a large share of this market. They are in third place after bank cards and Internet banking. I found out which electronic payment systems in Russia have gained the highest popularity, and what alternatives there are to this payment method.
Concept of EPS
Electronic payment systems(EPS) are designed for payments on the Internet between financial institutions, Internet users and business partners. These could be payments for goods in online stores, for services or private transfers. This type of payment has a number of undeniable advantages compared to offline payments:
- minimum time for surgery;
- saving money compared to making payments through a bank or post office;
- modern methods of protecting information when making payments, which are provided for all online systems;
- ease of replenishing your balance through online services, banks and payment terminals;
- ease of payment - no paperwork to fill out, so the likelihood of errors is lower.
Payments through EPS are so common nowadays that there are several dozen in Russia alone. Large systems that operate in different countries, received international status. They allow cross-border payments and transfers.
EPS is most often used for:
- payments for purchases;
- transfers between individuals or between individuals and companies;
- payments for mobile communications, Internet, fines and other types of services.
Payment through EPS involves two participants: the store and the client. If the operation is carried out using a bank card, then the card issuer and the acquiring organization, which processes the payment, are connected.
To understand how the process of exchanging money and information takes place, it is more convenient to consider the payment scheme for goods:
- The buyer selects a purchase and initiates payment.
- The seller receives the data and sends it to the payment system.
- The buyer confirms the payment in EPS. If payment is made from a bank card payment system generates a request from the acquiring bank to the issuing bank.
- When the payment is confirmed, the acquiring system transfers money from the payer's current account to the seller's balance account.
The simple payment procedure makes them increasingly in demand among sellers and buyers using cash.
How did online payments develop in Russia?
Modern electronic payment systems did not appear in Russia right away. The first in the Russian Federation in 1997 was CyberPlat. Payment through her for Beeline services took place a year later in March 1998. At the beginning of the 2000s, several EPS were already functioning:
- PayCash, over time transformed into Yandex.Money;
- RUPay, later transformed into RBK Money:
- WebMoney, which has gained the most popularity on Russian market.
The distribution of EPS depends on a number of factors, but first of all, users pay attention to the ease of registration. The first mass system in the Russian Federation was WebMoney. Since 2007, Yandex.Money began to compete with the leader. And after the launch of the Russian Qiwi EPS and the installation of a large number of terminals within walking distance, the service entered the top three.
Legislators did not immediately take up the issue of regulating the electronic payments market. But in 2011, the situation was corrected by Federal Law No. 161. It describes the basic rules and regulations in the field of payment systems in Russia.
Despite the quality service and good technical study, EPS did not immediately become widespread among Russians. At first it was used only for payments on foreign websites. But today the system is ousting recognized Russian leaders.
From 2010 to 2018, the number of non-cash payments in Russia increased 34 times, from 5 to 172 transactions per resident of the country. This data is provided by BCG. The Russian Federation has taken first place in the world in the number of protected token transactions. Russia is also the largest European player in terms of the volume of transactions carried out through virtual wallets.
The largest number of non-cash payments in the Russian Federation goes through Yandex.Money, Online Sberbank and client cards. Moreover, in 2018 the percentages were distributed as follows:
The main users of Internet banking 93.9% and electronic systems 82.2% of payments are persons 25-34 years old. Cards are preferred by 94.4% of Russians aged 35-44.
Three Russian leaders in the field of EPS
The most popular in Russia electronic systems payments - WebMoney, Yandex.Money and Qiwi. Let's consider their features and rules in more detail. The rating and the leader are constantly changing, and if 3-5 years ago WebMoney was in first place, then in 2019 it is POISON.
WebMoney
The WebMoney system was the first international one to enter the Russian electronic payment market in 1998. Until now, it is among the TOP-3 leaders in Russia, but gradually the number of participants is decreasing, they are leaving for other EPS.
To start using the system, you will need to register on the company’s website, provide personal data, mobile phone and email. Most of the functionality will become available only after identity verification. To do this, you will need to scan your passport or personally go to the nearest representative office of the company.
WebMoney has two versions: desktop and mobile. The system is safe to carry out settlements between participants and pay for services. You can order a bank card to withdraw money or pay for goods offline.
The main advantage of the system is the number of supported currencies. A user can have up to 7 money wallets simultaneously in:
- Russian rubles;
- Euro;
- dollars;
- hryvnia;
- Belarusian rubles;
- tenge;
- Vietnamese dong.
Therefore, the system is widespread not only in the Russian Federation, but also in the CIS and neighboring countries. far abroad. It is also possible to register wallets in gold or cryptocurrencies.
Qiwi
The Qiwi service has spread very rapidly in Russia since 2001, thanks to the widespread installation of the company’s terminals. The payment system entered the market with the desire to become a monopolist in the field of accepting and processing payments. Qiwi appeared on the Internet in 2007 after modernization. Even those citizens who do not like to make payments via the Internet use the services of Qiwi terminals.
To register a virtual wallet, you need a mobile phone. To access advanced functionality, you will need personal identification. The system works with four currencies: Russian rubles, dollars, euros and tenge. Access to the wallet is possible from the website or application.
If the owner of the wallet pays with money without withdrawing it, you can issue bank card. And pay from it offline. When applying for loans from Qiwi, cardholders can make purchases on credit. You can top up your balance at bank cash desks, card accounts or mobile balances.
Installment card Conscience QIWI Bank
Yandex money
The payment system has developed since 2002 based on cooperation between Yandex and PayCash. The wallet is linked to the owner's phone number. To expand the list of available functions, you need to pass or send a scanned copy of your general passport certified by a notary. The main currency for settlements is the Russian ruble, but for conversion or transfer you can open accounts in:
- Euro;
- tenge;
- Belarusian rubles;
- pounds sterling;
- yuan;
- Swiss francs;
- crowns;
- yen;
- zlotys
Through this EPS you can send money to other users, pay for goods, providers and make other payments. You can top up your YaD wallet from a card account, from a mobile phone, from the offices of banks and partners, or from payment terminals. Some clients apply for loans through Yandex.Money in order to avoid paying additional commissions to the bank and use borrowed money when paying for purchases and services.
Credit card Alfa-Bank Yandex.Plus
Credit card Tinkoff Yandex.Plus
In the YaD service you can issue a card and link it to a virtual wallet. This will facilitate the process of paying with electronic money in real life without cashing out, searching for places and withdrawal methods.
What are the alternatives to electronic systems?
On the Internet, payments are made not only using electronic payment systems. Many banks are developing their own remote services for remote customer access to personal accounts and transactions. This is an online bank mobile app, Bank-Client for individual entrepreneurs or large companies.
It is beneficial for banks if the majority of clients use remote services. Cashless payments, payments and transfers reduce the costs of a credit institution. Therefore, for users of Internet banking or mobile versions, additional benefits and preferences. These can be calculations and payments without commission or with a lower percentage than in bank offices, or online currency exchange at a more favorable rate for an individual. The main advantage of payments in Internet banking is that you do not need to withdraw money anywhere, payments are made directly from the account.
In addition, money transfer systems are used for settlement. They have low commissions and money reaches Russia in minutes. They can be received in cash or credited to the recipient's account opened at the bank. In the Russian Federation the most popular are:
- Western Union;
- Contact;
- Leader;
- Gold Crown;
- Unistream.
Shipping rates to different systems vary in the range of 100-1000 rubles or 1-1.5% of the amount. With their help, Russians can send money across the country without virtual wallets or online banking.
Advantages and disadvantages of EPS
When choosing an electronic payment system, it is advisable to carry out comparative analysis tariffs, interface, ease of registration, as well as restrictions introduced by the developer. For convenience, assessments and clarity of all the advantages and disadvantages of EPS are summarized in a table.
| Description | Advantages | Flaws |
| WebMoney | The largest list of available currencies, including working with cryptocurrency Highly qualified technical support High level of data protection Mass distribution in the CIS countries |
Paid transfer within the system 0.8% Complicated procedure for withdrawing funds from your wallet High percentage when cashing out from 2% No direct transfer to other electronic payment systems Large commission for replenishment |
| Qiwi | Convenient and clear registration A large number of branded terminals and free replenishment of balance Designing your own cards Transfers within the payment system are free |
High fee for cashing out from 2.5% to 4% Daily limit for withdrawal and transfer of money is 15 thousand rubles |
| Yandex money | Intuitive interface Registration of your own card for offline payments and Free intra-system payments and transfers Transfer to holders of other wallets 3%, minimum 15 rubles |
Possible blocking of the wallet when transferring to unknown cards, but on the other hand this complicates access for attackers |
| Internet banking | Constant access to bank accounts and transactions Commissions for transfers and transactions are lower than in cash desks and offices or are completely absent Fees for depositing and withdrawing money from accounts according to tariffs approved by the bank |
Daily and monthly limits may be set for transactions and amounts of payments and transfers |
| Money transfers | Low interest rate for sending money within the country Free cash withdrawal to the transfer recipient A large number of pick-up and departure points High processing speed Possibility to transfer money abroad or receive money from there |
Transfers using systems are prohibited for transactions related to commercial activities The systems have restrictions on maximum amount one translation |
EPS market trends
Increasingly popular in domestic market EPS is being conquered by the long-known PayPal and the new VK Pay. This electronic payment system appeared later than all the others. But already in 2018, the VK Pay service accounted for 15.4% of users of all non-cash payments in the Russian Federation. Most often, the payment system is used by young people 18-24 years old. Rest electronic services chosen by Russians aged 25-34 years.
The choice of electronic payment system should be approached very carefully. You can open several virtual wallets at the same time. The main thing to pay attention to is what commissions are provided for annual maintenance or when the owner is inactive for a long time. So, for example, if there are no payments or transfers to Yandex.Money for two years, the user is charged 270 rubles monthly.
At the same time, all EPS strive to attract as many users as possible. They are provided with promotions, bonuses, discounts, and cashbacks for payments made through an electronic wallet.
Safety
According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, for 6 months of 2019, the number of cases of fraud using electronic means of payment increased 8 times compared to 2018. And fraud in receiving payments related to electronic payments increased by 27.6% over the same period. Therefore, legislators are constantly putting forward initiatives to improve security measures when using Internet wallets.
In mid-summer 2019, the Federation Council of the Russian Federation approved a bill prohibiting anonymous replenishment of virtual wallets. Experts predict that if the law is adopted, it will have a bad effect on the market.
Owners electronic money and online banking are required to independently monitor the security of their data, in addition to relying on protection within the system. It is important:
- do not transmit information about login, password, code word, key request and other identification methods provided in the system to anyone;
- look carefully at the address field of the site where the payment takes place; at the beginning of the line on protected resources there is a lock icon;
- systematically check the protection of your laptop, tablet, computer and smartphone for viruses and malware;
- do not voice or forward to anyone the code sent by the payment system to confirm payment;
She completed full-time studies at PSU and received a diploma with honors in the qualification “Economist”, with specializations in “Economics and Management” and “Computer Technologies”. After graduating from university, she worked in a bank in positions from operator to acting. head of the private and private services department corporate clients. Every year I successfully passed certifications, trainings and trainings on banking services. Total work experience in the bank is more than 15 years. At Brobank he holds the position of expert in the field financial literacy visitors.
Defined as perpetual obligations of a credit institution, expressed in in electronic format and certified electronic signature. Electronic money provides the opportunity to carry out payment transactions without access to deposits. Hence, electronic payment system– a set of specific software tools that make it possible to use electronic currency.
Electronic payment systems: properties
The key characteristics of the electronic payment system include the following:
- It is used to perform various operations.
- The monetary value is recorded by an electronic device.
- Payments made are non-refundable.
- Electronic money can be considered as a component money supply(M1).
All properties of the electronic payment system can be classified into 2 groups: traditional And new. Traditional ones are those that are also characteristic of cash, for example, divisibility, portability. Unique properties are called new, such as:
- Anonymity.
- Immediate (transaction takes minimal time).
- Low commissions (compared to bank fees).
- Security (it is almost impossible to counterfeit electronic money).
- Extraterritoriality.
The main tools of electronic access are considered electronic checks, payment cards, remote banking.
Stages of development of the electronic money system
It is possible to identify only three main stages in the formation of the type of electronic money system that is now familiar to payers:
- Distribution of magnetic plastic cards.
- Integration of smart cards that already contain a certain amount. The smart card did not replace electronic means, but only made access to current accounts more convenient.
- The emergence of “network money” is the latest this moment stage of development of electronic payment systems: Internet users have the opportunity to make payments online.
How does EPS work?
During an electronic transaction using plastic card Five participants are involved:
- The buyer is the owner of the sum of money.
- The seller is most often an online store.
- Issuing bank (which issued the plastic card).
- Acquiring bank (organizing basic transaction processing).
- Directly EPS, guaranteeing safety.
The scheme for making an electronic payment can be represented as follows:
Advisor to the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation, 3rd class
Especially for Taxcom company
Federal Law of May 22, 2003 No. 54-FZ “On the use of cash register equipment when making cash payments and (or) payments using electronic means of payment” in new edition made adjustments to the definition of calculation, in the implementation of which the seller is obliged to use cash register.
Previously, it was necessary to use cash register systems when making cash payments and payments using payment cards in cases of selling goods, performing work or providing services. The use of other electronic means of payment, except payment card, suggested the possibility of not using CCP in calculations.
Now settlements mean the acceptance or payment of funds using cash, as well as electronic means of payment for goods sold, work performed, services provided. Such operations as accepting bets and paying out funds in the form of winnings when carrying out activities related to organizing and conducting gambling, accepting funds when selling lottery tickets, accepting lottery bets and paying out cash in the form of winnings.
What are electronic means of payment
The definition of electronic means of payment (hereinafter referred to as ESP) is given in the Federal Law of June 27, 2011. No. 161-FZ “On the national payment system”. According to the law, ESP is understood as a means and (or) method that allows a client of a money transfer operator to draw up, certify and transmit orders for the purpose of transferring funds within the framework of applicable forms of non-cash payments using information and communication technologies, electronic media, including including payment cards, as well as other technical devices.
Electronic means of payment are well known to Russian consumers due to widespread Internet commerce. ESP includes not only payments made by bank cards, but also all payment applications to which the buyer is redirected by the online store upon purchase, as well as online banking applications in mobile phones, Internet banks and other payment systems.
Transfer of funds using ESP is recognized as a non-cash form of payment, carried out using information and communication technologies using electronic storage media, including payment cards.
As a rule, when calculating ESP, the following conditions are met:
- there is no possibility of personal interaction between the buyer and the seller’s representative (the purchase is made in Internet),
- online devices are used that provide the possibility of remote interaction between the buyer and the seller or authorized person.
Who uses CCT for ESP and when?
In the case when the buyer pays for the goods (work, service) in non-cash form the issue of using cash register systems is more complicated than for cash payments. Currently, there are many ways to transfer funds. Let's figure out when and for what types of payments the seller is required to use an online cash register in accordance with the new requirements of Federal Law No. 54-FZ.
The most common type of ESP is a bank card. And there are several ways to calculate using it:
- if the bank card is presented by the buyer to the seller, i.e. payment is made through a POS terminal; or payment is made by credit card on the seller’s website on the Internet, then the seller uses the cash register as usual. Since previous provisions of the law obligated the use of cash register systems when making payments using payment cards.
- if the buyer pays for the goods (work, service) not directly to the seller, but to a courier company that is the seller’s agent, then the courier should use cash register when making payments, since it is he who accepts cash.
Another type of ESP is electronic money (for example, Yandex.Money, WebMoney and others), and nothing was said about this type of payment in the provisions of the previous edition of Federal Law No. 54-FZ on the use of cash register systems. When receiving this type of payment, the seller is also obliged to use a new sample cash register. In addition, calculations can be made in the form money transfer(payment order), when payment is made by the buyer at a credit institution or through an ATM using a receipt or invoice, or according to the details of the seller’s payment document through online banking (for example, through Sberbank Online). At the same time, credit institutions, in accordance with Federal Law No. 54-FZ, do not have the obligation to use cash register systems when making settlements and other payments at bank offices. banking operations With individuals, but an organization or individual entrepreneur has such an obligation.
The situation is different when payment is made by the buyer by cash on delivery through Russian Post, which in this case acts as an agent of the seller and must use cash register when settling with the buyer. Since in a transaction made by an agent with a third party on behalf and at the expense of the principal, the rights and obligations arise directly from the principal (thus the CCT is applied by the principal).
Only some sellers may not use cash registers when conducting certain types of activities specified in Art. 2 of Federal Law No. 54-FZ, as well as when conducting activities in hard-to-reach areas (according to the list approved by regional authorities).
There is also no need to use cash register systems when making payments between organizations and (or) individual entrepreneurs using an electronic means of payment without presenting it.
Issuing a cash receipt for ESP
According to the provisions of Federal Law No. 54-FZ as amended cash receipt issued at the time of settlement.When making payments using ESP on the Internet, the cash register user is obliged to ensure that a cash receipt or a strict reporting form is transferred to the buyer in electronic form to the subscriber number or email address specified by the buyer before making payments (then the check or BSO is not printed on on paper).
The cash register user must ensure the transfer of all fiscal data in the form of fiscal documents generated using the cash register to the tax authorities through the fiscal data operator (FDO) at the time of settlement. By concluding an agreement with OFD Taxcom, you will receive not only fast and secure transfer of fiscal data, but also convenient Personal Account services that allow you to control the operation of retail outlets from anywhere using a smartphone or tablet.
When making a non-cash payment, when there is no personal contact between the seller and the buyer, sometimes difficulties arise as to what is considered the moment of payment. According to the official position, when making payments by electronic means of payment, when there is no direct interaction between the buyer and the seller or an authorized person, the cash register user is obliged to generate a cash receipt at the time of receiving confirmation of the execution of the order to transfer ESP from the buyer’s credit institution.
According to paragraph 3 of Art. 16.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of 02/07/1992 No. 2300-1 “On the protection of consumer rights” when making a purchase by transferring funds in non-cash form, the consumer’s payment obligations to the seller are considered fulfilled from the moment of confirmation of its fulfillment by the consumer’s service provider credit institution. This circumstance is indicated by the conclusions made in numerous letters of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated August 25, 2017 No. 03-01-15/54870, dated August 15, 2017 No. 03-01-15/52359, dated July 21, 2017 No. 03-01-15/46714 and etc.
The execution of the client's order when carrying out a transaction using ESP is confirmed by the bank by sending the client, in the manner prescribed by the agreement, a notice in electronic form or on paper with a certain set of details characterizing the payment. In this case, the seller receives funds to his bank account later. According to Part 11 of Art. 7 of Federal Law No. 161-FZ, transfer of electronic funds using a prepaid card is made within no more than three working days after the electronic money operator accepts the client’s order, unless a shorter period is provided for by the agreement concluded with the client or the rules of the payment system.
In other words, the moment of settlement using ESP often precedes the moment of receipt of funds to the cash register user’s current account. Thus, the question becomes urgent for the seller when to issue a cash receipt if he has not yet received the funds. The situation with payment on the company’s website is explained by the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated August 30, 2017 No. 03-01-15/55761, which states: “the consumer’s obligations to the seller to pay for goods (work, services) are considered fulfilled from the moment of confirmation of its fulfillment by the consumer’s credit card service.” organization."
That is, the moment of settlement and, accordingly, breaking the check occurs when the money for the service or product has been debited from the buyer, and not when it has been credited to the seller’s account. In different payment systems, the difference between these two operations can range from several minutes to several days. And in order not to force the buyer to wait, the moment of settlement is recognized as the moment when funds are debited from the buyer’s account.
More information about the transition to new order applications of cash register equipment, answers to frequently asked questions, a schedule of seminars and webinars with experts in the field of cash register systems and representatives of the Federal Tax Service, as well as terms of cooperation, can be found on the website
Anatoly Oparin / April, 2018
Electronic payments- is not at all new, but only recently widely spread to the masses, a technology for paying for goods and services, practiced throughout the civilized world. Such payments are beneficial to both the buyer and the seller, each in their own way, with common advantages.
Buyer freed from the need to carry paper money with him (with a number of electronic payment methods), he can make payments in online stores and Internet services without leaving his home around the clock, he can also pay for services not related to the Internet, for example, for housing and communal services and a mobile phone, in his payment system account he sees statistics on expenses and income...
Salesman also benefits from the fact that his product/service is available for sale 24/7; sales reporting is necessarily available for him... There are many methods of making electronic payments, when the seller does not have to maintain a cash register and a girl at the cash register, who You still have to pay wages.
Electronic payment methods
Electronic payment methods there are the following:
Acceptance of payment cards as a means of payment for goods, works, services is called acquiring. It is carried out by an authorized acquiring bank by installing payment terminals or imprinters at trade or service enterprises. In the case of acquiring, money “travels” through electronic networks, so such transactions can be equated to electronic payments.
Exists internet acquiring- accepting bank cards and electronic money for payment via the Internet using a specially designed web interface.
There are also mobile acquiring- technology that allows you to accept payment for goods or services with bank cards using a smartphone or tablet computer and an mPOS terminal connected to them (mobile Point Of Sale).
Sometimes a company, a payment provider (about them in the next section of the article), is engaged in the integration of Internet or mobile acquiring In business processes, the buyer is also called an acquirer.
Some banks offer and payment providers implement such a service as invoicing. This is issuing an invoice to the buyer in his account in the bank’s online client. Sberbank and Alfa-Bank offer such a service. This method inspires confidence in the buyer, because the money does not immediately leave his account, but waits for confirmation for withdrawal in a trusted place, in personal account bank user. So, if an attacker obtained the buyer’s card details and made a purchase in an online store, and the invoice came to the account of a real buyer, then the buyer simply will not pay for this fake purchase.
With some stretch, we can talk about the electronic nature of payment with this payment method, when the seller writes out in his Internet service electronic code, which is entered by the buyer in an offline terminal (Svyaznoy, Euroset, CONTACT) to pay for the service in cash.
Electronic payment systems and their providers
Payment systems
To make an electronic payment, you must have payment system, to which the buyer and seller are connected. Electronic payment systems are a type of payment systems that provide electronic payment transactions through computer networks (usually the Internet) or special chips. Electronic payment systems are debit (electronic money) and credit (credit cards).
The most popular electronic payment systems for Russia:
Payment providers
So, connecting the buyer and seller to the same payment system is a necessary condition for a successful transaction. But this is not enough for the seller if he wants to reach buyers from different payment systems. This is where companies come into the picture: payment providers, which may also call themselves payment integrators or payment aggregators. The essence of their activity comes down to providing the seller with services for making electronic payments using various methods from various electronic and other payment systems. This “one-stop service” approach allows the seller not to delve into each payment system separately; he enters into just one agreement with the payment provider, and is spared the need to reconfigure his internal payment infrastructure when connecting an additional payment method. But once developers are still required to set up a payment acceptance system.
The most famous electronic payment providers:
There are quite a lot of them on the Russian market - more than 30. They organize payment services using bank cards, through electronic wallets and mobile devices, care about the security of transactions. When choosing a payment provider, you should pay attention to the year it was founded, the commission for services, the timing of receipt of money into the seller’s account, the range of supported payment methods, the quality and quantity of the company’s clients.
Simplified processing scheme
Without going into unnecessary (for the very initial presentation) details of the interaction of participants during the implementation payment transaction Let's sketch out this diagram:
- The buyer presses the [Buy] button in the online store window in the list of products.
- Product information is sent to the payment provider's system.
- The payment provider generates a purchase form (see example below) with a choice of payment method.
- The buyer selects the appropriate method and clicks the [Pay] button.
- Information with product and buyer data enters the payment provider’s system.
- The payment provider sends data to the payment system according to the selected method.
- After various types of checks, the payment system will transfer money from the buyer’s account to the online store’s account.
After this, the payment provider and/or payment system informs the buyer about the completed purchase. And the seller provides the goods to the buyer.
Electronic payment scenarios
IT specialist who is considering implementing a payment system for his convenience store should decide what payment scripts will be used when paying for goods/services of the store. Example scenarios:
Integration of electronic payment systems
Integration of the payment provider system with merchant sites possible in several ways:
Payment link
This is the most basic method in which the developer only needs to place a button like [Buy] on the seller’s website, after clicking on which the buyer will be presented with a link to pay for the order by email or on a page in the browser.
Payment module in CMS
Most selling websites operate on a CMS (Content Management System). Payment providers, as a rule, have in their arsenal modules for the most popular CMS (WordPress, Joomla, Drupal, Bitrix...).
The module can usually be downloaded from the administrative area of the CMS. The module comes with a user manual.
API
Application programming interface (application programming interface) allows the developer to more flexibly configure the operation of payment systems on the merchant’s website than the two above methods, which, however, also use the API, but in a hidden and undocumented way with reduced capabilities.
The API is written, maintained, documented and published by the owner of the payment system.
The essence of the integration work is to create static and generate dynamic pages on the site according to the purchasing logic developed by analysts. Payment scenarios and conditions for their implementation are thought out and implemented. An online store must have a seller ID so that the payment system can use it to find out who to transfer the buyer’s money to.
As clear example integration process, you can give the code and external interface of the “Very Good Book” purchase form:
Here the HTML code on the left is interpreted by the browser into the form on the right (the photo of the book and the title do not apply to the form). Let's take a closer look at the form elements and element parameters:
According to the rules of good web programming, it is not enough for a developer to just correctly create such a form for the product selected by the user. You also need to write a handler in Javascript before sending it to the server. Javascript will parse the form data on the client side and promptly inform the client about incorrectly filled fields. In this case you should:
The form can support more parameters than those listed above. For a list with explanations, see the API documentation.
The handler may return an error code. There are many possible errors. The developer must ensure that they are read, correctly identified, and responded appropriately.
Code protection payment form from unauthorized intervention on the client side or on the way from the store to the processor, you need to somehow ensure, for example, using an electronic digital signature (EDS). To work with digital signatures, the developer will need knowledge of a server language, such as PHP, and documentation from the payment provider.
The API can ensure that the receipt is sent to tax service in accordance with federal law Federal Law-54 “On the use of cash register equipment when making cash payments and (or) payments using payment cards.” According to this law, from February 1, 2017, cash register equipment must send electronic versions of checks to the fiscal data operator, and from July 1, 2017, Russian online stores are required to update cash registers and begin issuing checks for online payments.
Internal payment system
If you are a large seller, want to keep almost all the processing traffic in your IT infrastructure and have maximum functionality, then it makes sense to install the entire payment system of the payment provider.
To deploy, configure and support such a system, highly qualified developers will be required.
Anatoly Oparin(when reprinting, indicate authorship)
More articles for webmasters that expand their technological horizons:
. Memo to a beginning webmaster
. Special HTML characters - codes for about 2000 designer icons
. Moodle - admin practice
. Blumentals WeBuilder - the most convenient code editor with preview
. WYSIWYG Web Builder - a powerful visual website builder
. Lunacy - for layout of Internet pages
. Using MediaWiki to maintain and store documentation
. Downloading Wiki pages to PDF
. Code syntax highlighting in MediaWiki
.
Thanks to the Internet, many new things have appeared in the world that make life much easier. Among them are various electronic payment systems that allow you to pay for services and transfer funds without leaving your home.
Elena Zaitseva is with you, a financial analyst at HeatherBober magazine. I will talk about the features and capabilities of electronic payment systems and analyze the most popular ones. If you want to select or change the service for remote financial transactions, you will find a lot of useful information in the article.
1. What are electronic payment systems
An electronic payment system (EPS) is an organization that provides mutual settlements between users on the Internet. The participants in the process are individuals and commercial enterprises, banks and other financial institutions.
The activities of EPS in Russia are regulated by the state. Main normative act- Law “On the National Payment System”.
Electronic payment systems allow:
- pay public utilities, mobile communications, television, etc.;
- purchase goods in online stores;
- withdraw funds to bank cards and accounts;
- exchange currency;
- transfer money to other participants in the system, for example, within a business.
The list is incomplete. The capabilities of virtual services are extensive, their functionality is constantly being improved and expanded.
For payments, electronic money is used - virtual digital units issued by the system.
Features of digital cash:
- Issued only in electronic form.
- Backed by real money.
- Guaranteed by the EPS that issued them (issuer).
- Stored on electronic media.
- They are recognized not only within the system, but also during settlements with external counterparties.
Virtual money is stored in electronic wallets - this is the name of the user’s account in the selected system.
2. How they work
The operating principle of EPS is similar to traditional non-cash transactions. Each user has a personal account through which settlements are carried out with counterparties and between their wallets.
The simplified scheme of work is as follows:
- real money is transferred to the user’s digital account;
- At the internal rate, the service exchanges for virtual currency;
- the account holder makes the necessary transaction (transfers funds to an individual, buys a product, etc.);
- the counterparty receives electronic currency;
- the system buys its internal money back, giving traditional money in return.
After the exchange real money for digital ones, the issuer has obligations to the user for the amount of receipt. EPS guarantees that upon request of the participant, virtual currency will be exchanged for real money.
For the use of digital cash to be possible, the recipient organization must accept payment in virtual currency.
Often transactions go through intermediaries.
Example:
The owner of the wallet makes a request to transfer virtual money to a bank card. The operation takes place through an intermediary - an organization that accepts digital money, exchanges it for traditional money and transfers it to the specified details.
As a result, the client’s account receives an amount of required currency, for example, rubles or dollars.
Transactions are carried out similarly in favor of companies that do not accept virtual money. Sometimes the role of intermediary is performed by the EPS itself.
3. How do electronic payment systems make money?
The main income comes from transaction fees. For example, Webmoney, one of the leaders in the digital cash market, retains 0.8% from each user transaction. The tariff applies to both external transfers and actions between the accounts of one user.
EPS receive additional income from:
- User certifications. There are wallets with different capabilities. To perform an expanded set of actions or translate more money, you need to undergo certification - provide passport details, confirm your phone number, meet with a company representative for personal identification. There is often a fee for the service.
- Using terminals. You can top up your wallet different ways, payment terminal or a partner ATM is one of them. There is a fee for the transaction. For example, the Yandex.Money service, depending on the selected terminal, withholds from 0% to 19% for one replenishment.
- Using your own cards. To simplify the deposit and withdrawal of money, EPS issue cards, the maintenance and support of which costs money. A fee is charged for issuing, cash withdrawal, SMS notification and other operations.
The list is incomplete. In addition to those listed, there are many other ways to earn money - fees for confirming transactions, commissions from partner organizations, providing intermediary services etc.
4. Advantages and disadvantages
Electronic transactions are beneficial both to the EPS itself and to its corporate partners. The issuer of the virtual currency receives a commission for the transaction, and merchants do not have to spend money on collection and storage of cash.
The user receives from such calculations:
- convenience - operations are carried out from home or another place with Internet access;
- reliability - subject to the safety rules for using the wallet, the service ensures the protection of information and the safety of funds;
- unlimited use - digital cash has no expiration date and does not expire;
- free support - there is no fee for servicing the wallet;
- high speed of payments - many transactions are carried out almost instantly, delays are possible when intermediaries are involved;
- transparency - all transactions are recorded, the history of electronic payments can be requested at any time.
But in addition to its advantages, EPS also has disadvantages:
- the need to confirm your identity - to fully use your account you will need to provide personal data and documents;
- restrictions on use - not all companies and trade organizations accept virtual money, although their list is growing;
- commissions - some mandatory fees are significant, which is especially noticeable for large amounts;
- difficulties with recovery - if you lose your password, it will be difficult to resume work due to increased security requirements; you will need to provide a lot of information confirming your identity.
Every user will find something for himself significant advantages and significant shortcomings. For example, for me the commission for withdrawing funds from Webmoney to a card is too high. Because of this, I try to minimize the use of virtual money.
Watch the video to find out an independent expert opinion about the features and prospects of digital cash:
5. What types of EPS are there?
There are several types of electronic payment systems. They can be divided by transaction participants, by transaction amount, by payment terms, by currency, etc.
More often than others, classification is used based on the moment money is entered into the system. According to it, credit and debit types EPS.
Credit
For settlements between participants of such services, credit cards With additional protection- message encryption and digital signature. To carry out the transaction, it is necessary to confirm the creditworthiness and compliance of the provided payment information with reality.
The main feature of such transactions is that first a contract is concluded, and then payment or money transfer is made.
Credit EPS include First Virtual, Open Market, CyberCash, CheckFree and others.
Debit
Almost all international electronic payment systems are debit. The principle of their operation is that transfers and payment transactions are available to the user strictly after replenishing the account.
Some debit EPS do not use digital cash, but electronic checks.
The principle of their operation is as follows:
- The sender of the payment issues a check and endorses it with a virtual signature.
- The document is transferred to the recipient through the arbitration system.
- The service checks the receipt.
- If no violations are found, then payment is accepted.
- Funds from the account of the user who issued the check are transferred to the recipient.
Digital checks use a limited number of systems - NetCash, NetChex, NetCheque and some others.
6. TOP 5 electronic payment systems in Russia
Not all world EPS are known or used in Russia. This is due both to difficulties with replenishing and withdrawing funds, and to restrictions in application.
Webmoney
Considered the market leader. The development of the company began in 1998. During this time, more than 36 million people joined Webmoney.
The account owner has the right to open an unlimited number of wallets in virtual analogues of various currencies, including Bitcoin and gold. All accounts are combined into a kind of Keeper storage, each account is assigned individual number WMID.
All transactions are instant and irrevocable. The commission for any transaction is 0.8%. To work, you must provide personal data and confirm it. There are several types of certificates. The higher the account status, the more possibilities the user has.
Yandex money
A commercial non-banking organization licensed by the Central Bank.
The user is asked to open one of three possible wallets - anonymous, personal or identified. The status affects the maximum possible balance on the electronic account and limits on transfers.
NPO Yandex.Money has own card for payment and withdrawal of cash, linked to a wallet. Cost for 3 years - 200 rubles.
PayPal
International EPS unites more than 200 million users. PayPal allows you to pay for purchases online and make transfers both domestically and internationally. You can open both a personal and corporate account.
The main advantage of the service is that domestic transfers for private clients will be free when funds are debited from a PayPal wallet. There is also no commission for paying for services.
If the transfer is made using funds on a linked card, the commission will be 3.4% + 10 rubles for each transaction.
Qiwi
Offers simplified registration - to create a wallet, just specify the number mobile phone. When opening an account, the Qiwi service will assign the client a Minimum status, which, after passing the certification, will be replaced with Basic or Professional.
Through the service you can pay for services or transfer money. For ease of use, the client is encouraged to release free card associated with the funds in the wallet.
Payeer
The service offers to transfer funds to more than 200 countries in dozens of ways. At the time of writing (March 2018), there are 157 online exchangers listed on the Payeer website.
It is possible to issue a free card and withdraw funds to it without commission.
To understand which service is more profitable to use for withdrawing funds to bank accounts and cards, the commission data is summarized in the table:
| № | Service name | Commission for withdrawal to card | Commission for withdrawal to account |
| 1 | Webmoney | 2.5% + 40 rubles or 2% if the service finds a counter application from another participant | Depends on suggestions from other participants, on average 2% |
| 2 | Yandex money | 3% + 45 rubles | 3% + 45 rubles |
| 3 | PayPal | Free if you use funds from your wallet | |
| 4 | Qiwi | 2% + 50 rubles | 2% + 15 rubles |
| 5 | Payeer | From 0% to 5% | From 0% to 5% |
7. Conclusion
Now, knowing the basic information about EPS, you can easily choose the one that suits your needs.
The main thing is to ensure the safety of using the service. Use complex passwords and do not share personal information with anyone. When working at the computer from which you access your virtual account, do not visit dubious sites or follow suspicious links.
Question to readers:
Do you find the possibilities of virtual money useful for you personally?
We wish you to find a convenient, functional and easy-to-use electronic payment system. If you have any questions, ask them in the comments. We will be happy to answer them!