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What kind of accounting reporting is considered reliable and complete. Requirements for financial statements. An event after the reporting date is

The main regulatory document regulating the composition and content financial statements, is PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization”.

Under financial statements is understood one system information about property and financial situation organization and its results economic activity compiled from data accounting according to established forms.

Reporting period- the period for which the organization must prepare financial statements.

Reporting date- the date as of which the organization must prepare financial statements. For the preparation of financial statements, the reporting date is considered to be the last calendar day of the reporting period.

Accounting statements are prepared for reporting year. The reporting year for all organizations is the calendar year (from January 1 to December 31 inclusive). The first reporting year for newly created organizations is considered to be the period from the date of their state registration to December 31 of the corresponding year, and for organizations created after October 1 - to December 31 of the following year.

Data on business transactions carried out before the state registration of organizations is included in their financial statements for the first reporting year. For each numerical indicator of the financial statements, except for the report prepared for the first reporting period, data must be provided for at least two years - the reporting year and the one preceding the reporting year.

390 Financial Accounting


14.1. Accounting reporting requirements

Monthly and quarterly reporting is interim and is compiled on an accrual basis from the beginning of the reporting year.

General requirements to the financial statements are presented in the table.

Table. Accounting reporting requirements

Financial Accounting 391

End of table.

1. Which financial statements will be considered reliable and
full?

2. What does materiality of information mean? Give examples.

14.2. Composition and content of financial statements

Part annual financial statements of organizations include:

Balance sheet (form No. 1);

Profit and loss statement (form No. 2);

Statement of changes in capital (form No. 3);

Traffic report Money(form No. 4);

Appendix to balance sheet(form No. 5);

Explanatory note;

Final part auditor's report, confirming
the reliability of the organization's financial statements, if it
subject to mandatory audit.

Small businesses have the right not to be represented in the annual report forms No. 3, No. 4, No. 5.

Intermediate Accounting statements consist of a balance sheet and a profit and loss account.

Balance sheet characterizes the financial position of the organization at the reporting date.

The balance sheet is prepared in net valuation, i.e. minus regulatory values, which are disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and profit and loss account. The rules for evaluating individual articles are established by the relevant

392 Financial Accounting


accounting regulations. Balance sheet items are filled out on the basis of data from the General Ledger (or other register similar in purpose) on the balance values ​​of the accounting accounts.

Gains and losses report characterizes the financial results of the organization for the reporting period. This report consists of two main sections: “Income and expenses for common types activities" and "Other income and expenses", on the basis of which the financial result of the reporting period is calculated - net profit(lesion).

Cash flow statement compiled for the reporting year and similar period previous year. It must contain information on cash flows and their balances at the beginning and end of the reporting period for current, investing and financial activities.

Current The activity of an organization is considered to be one that pursues making a profit as the main goal or does not have making a profit as such a goal in accordance with the subject and goals of the activity, i.e. production of industrial and agricultural products, construction work, sale of goods, provision of catering services, procurement of agricultural products, delivery of property to

rent, etc.

Investment The organization's activities related to the acquisition are considered land plots, buildings and other real estate, equipment, intangible assets and other non-current assets, as well as their sale; carrying out own construction, R&D expenses; making financial investments (purchase valuable papers other organizations, including debt ones, contributions to the authorized (share) capital of other organizations, provision of loans to other organizations, etc.).

Financial The activities of an organization are considered as the result of which the size and composition of equity organizations, borrowed money(proceeds from the issue of shares and bonds, receipt of loans from other organizations, repayment of borrowed funds, etc.).

Statement of changes in equity consists of two sections and help. The section “Changes in capital” indicates the balances at the beginning and end of the previous and reporting years of all components

Financial Accounting 393

14. Accounting statements of the organization

capital of the organization (authorized, reserve, additional, as well as retained earnings(uncovered loss)), the amount of their increase and decrease, indicating the reasons.

The “Reserves” section reflects the balances at the beginning and end of the previous and reporting year, as well as the receipt and use for the previous and reporting years for each type of reserves created by the organization.

In the “Certificates” section the cost is given at the beginning of the reporting year and at the end of the reporting period net assets organizations, amounts of targeted funding.

Appendix to the balance sheet is a transcript of individual balance sheet items, explaining the presence and movement of:

Intangible assets;

Fixed assets;

Financial investments;

Accounts receivable and accounts payable;

Expenses for ordinary activities (elements for
spending) etc.

Explanatory note must disclose information related to the accounting policies of the organization and provide users with additional data that is not appropriate to include in the balance sheet and income statement, but which is necessary for a realistic assessment of the financial position of the organization, financial results its activities and changes in its financial position.

According to Art. 15 of the Federal Law “On Accounting”, organizations are required to submit annual financial statements within 90 days after the end of the year, quarterly - within 30 days after the end of the quarter to the founders, participants of the organization or owners of its property, as well as territorial bodies of state statistics at the place of registration of the organization .

To confirm the reliability of financial statements and their compliance with accounting data, organizations are required to submit an auditor's report.

Mandatory audit is carried out in accordance with the Federal Law of August 7, 2001 No. 119-FZ “On Auditing Activities”.

Mandatory verification subject to:

" open joint stock companies regardless of the number of shareholders and size authorized capital;

394 Financial Accounting


14.2. Composition and content of financial statements

Banks and other credit institutions;

Insurance organizations and mutual insurance societies;

Commodity and stock exchanges;

Investment funds;

State off-budget funds, sources of image
the formation of funds which are provided for by law
by the Russian Federation mandatory deductions, produced legally
skies and individuals (for example, Pension Fund RF);

Funds, the sources of which are
There are voluntary contributions from individuals and legal entities.

In addition, economic entities (with the exception of those wholly in state or municipal ownership) are subject to mandatory audit if they have at least one of the following: financial indicators their activities:

Volume of revenue from sales of products (works, services) for
year exceeding 500,000 times the statutory limit
Vom RF minimum size wages;

The amount of balance sheet assets exceeding at the end of the reporting period
year 200,000 times the minimum established by the legislation of the Russian Federation
small wages.

The final part of the auditor's report issued based on the results of the mandatory audit of financial statements must be attached to these statements.

When preparing financial statements, the organization must be guided by the requirements of PBU 7/98 “Events after the reporting date”, PBU 8/01 “Conditional facts of economic activity”, PBU 11/2000 “Information about affiliated persons”, PBU 12/2000 “Information by segments” , PBU 13/2000 “Accounting for state aid”, PBU 16/02 “Information on discontinued activities”. The training manual by Patrov V.V., Bykova V.A. “Accounting statements of an organization” is devoted to the preparation of reports in accordance with all requirements of PBU.

Accounting statements are open to users - founders (participants), investors, credit institutions, creditors, buyers, suppliers, etc. The organization must provide users with the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the accounting statements.

In accordance with Art. 16 of the Federal Law “On Accounting”, the publicity of financial statements lies in their

Financial Accounting 395

14. Accounting statements of the organization

publication in newspapers and magazines or distribution of brochures, booklets and other publications containing financial statements, as well as their transfer to territorial state statistics bodies at the place of registration of the organization for provision to interested users. Publication of financial statements is carried out no later than June 1 of the year following the reporting year.

Test questions and assignments

1. What is included in the annual and quarterly financial statements
sti?

2. How is the balance sheet prepared?

3. Should data from annual financial statements be included?
confirmed by the results of the inventory of assets and liabilities?

4. What characterizes the income statement?

5. What is revealed in explanatory note?

6. Name the report that includes information about clean shares
tivah organizations.

7. When and to whom should the financial statements be submitted?
ness?

8. Is the public sector subject to mandatory annual audit?
that is Joint-Stock Company, if the amount of balance sheet assets does not exceed
Is the limit established by law at the end of the year?

Definition

Accounting (financial) statements– information about the financial position necessary for users of these statements to make economic decisions economic entity on the reporting date, the financial result of its activities and cash flows for, systematized in accordance with the requirements established by the law “On Accounting”, presented in a user-friendly, standardized format (clause 1 of article 3, clause 1 of article 13 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ.

Frequency of preparation of accounting (financial) statements

Economic entity in mandatory prepares annual accounting (financial) statements (clause 2 of article 13 of Federal Law dated December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ).

Interim accounting (financial) statements (for a reporting period of less than a year) are prepared by an economic entity in cases where legislation, agreements, constituent documents or decisions of the owner of the economic entity establish the obligation to submit them (Clause 4, Article 13 of Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402 -FZ).

Composition of accounting (financial) statements

Interim accounting (financial) statements consist of a balance sheet and a statement of financial results, unless otherwise established by law, contracts, constituent documents or decisions of the owner of an economic entity (clause 3 of article 14 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ; p. 49 PBU 4/99).

The composition of the annual accounting (financial) statements depends on the category of the economic entity:

  • Individual entrepreneurs, as well as branches, representative offices or other located on the territory of the Russian Federation structural units organization created in accordance with the legislation of a foreign state - if, in accordance with tax legislation of the Russian Federation, they manage expenses and (or) other objects of taxation in the manner established by the specified legislation - they may not prepare accounting (financial) statements (clause 2 of article 6 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ);
  • small businesses, non-profit organizations, organizations that have received the status of participants in a project to carry out research, development and commercialization of their results in accordance with Federal Law of September 28, 2010 N 244-FZ "On the Skolkovo Innovation Center" (except for the organizations listed below ) – can prepare simplified accounting (financial) statements (clause 4 of article 6 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ);

    • other organizations, including organizations whose accounting (financial) statements are subject to mandatory audit, housing cooperatives, credit consumer cooperatives, microfinance organizations, organizations public sector, political parties, their regional branches or other structural units, bar associations, law offices, lawyer consulting, bar associations, notary chambers, non-profit organizations included in the register of non-profit organizations performing the functions of a foreign agent provided for in paragraph 10 of Article 13.1 of the Federal Law of January 12, 1996 N 7-FZ "On Non-Profit Organizations" - must prepare accounting (financial) statements in general procedure(Clause 5, Article 6 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ).

Simplified annual accounting (financial) statements consist of (clause 6 of Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010 N 66n):

    balance sheet;

    appendices to the balance sheet, financial results statement, financial statements intended use means in which only the most important information, without knowledge of which it is impossible to assess the financial position of the organization or the financial results of its activities.

The general procedure provides for the preparation as part of the annual accounting (financial) statements (clauses 1 and 2 of Article 14 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ; clauses 28 – 31 PBU 4/99):

    balance sheet;

    financial results report;

    report on the intended use of funds (only for non-profit organizations);

    statement of changes in capital;

    cash flow statement;

    appendices to the balance sheet, statement of financial results, report on the intended use of funds, which provide information without knowledge of which it is impossible to assess the financial position of the organization or the financial results of its activities.

Forms of accounting (financial) statements

The forms of annual accounting (financial) statements are established:

    for simplified accounting (financial) statements - Appendix No. 5 to Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010 N 66n;

    for accounting (financial) statements prepared in the general manner - appendices No. 1 and 2 to Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010 N 66n.

Interim accounting statements are prepared in accordance with the forms established by law, contracts, constituent documents or decisions of the owner of an economic entity (clause 3 of article 14 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ; clause 49 of PBU 4/99).

Contents of accounting (financial) statements

Making corrections to accounting (financial) statements

The rules for making corrections to financial statements are established by PBU 22/2010.

Features of preparation and presentation of accounting (financial) statements

Accounting (financial) statements are considered prepared after signing a copy of it on paper by the head of an economic entity (Clause 8, Article 13 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ).

Interim accounting (financial) statements are approved in the manner established by law, contracts, constituent documents or decisions of the owner of an economic entity (clause 3 of article 14 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ; clause 49 of PBU 4/99).

In most cases, annual accounting (financial) statements are subject to approval by the highest management body of the company, and in some cases - mandatory publication (clause 9, article 13 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ; clause 6, clause 2, art. 33 of the Law “On LLC”; paragraph 11, paragraph 1, article 48 of the Law “On JSC”, etc.).

A trade secret regime cannot be established in relation to accounting (financial) statements (Clause 11, Article 13 of Federal Law No. 402-FZ of December 6, 2011).

Features of the preparation and presentation of accounting (financial) statements:

    when reorganizing a legal entity - Art. 16 Federal Law dated December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ;

    upon liquidation of a legal entity - Art. 17 Federal Law dated December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ;

    the composition, features of the preparation and presentation of accounting (financial) statements of public sector organizations are established by the Budget Code, Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 28, 2010 N 191n (clause 4 of Article 14 of the Federal Law dated December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ);

    The composition, features of the preparation and presentation of the accounting (financial) statements of the Central Bank are established by the Federal Law of July 10, 2002 N 86-FZ (Clause 5 of Article 14 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ).

Addresses and deadlines for submitting accounting (financial) statements

Interim accounting (financial) statements are presented to interested parties within the time limits established by law, contracts, constituent documents or decisions of the owner of the economic entity (clause 3, article 14 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ; clause 49 PBU 4/99) .

Annual accounting (financial) statements are submitted by all organizations (with the exception of public sector organizations and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation):

    to the state statistics body at the location state registration no later than three months after the end of the reporting period in the manner established by Order of Rosstat dated March 31, 2014 N 220. When submitting a legal copy of the prepared annual accounting (financial) statements, which are subject to mandatory audit, the auditor’s report on them is presented together with such statements or no later 10 working days from the day following the date of the audit report, but no later than December 31 of the year following the reporting year (clauses 1 and 2 of Article 18 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ);

    to the tax authority at the location of the organization no later than three months after the end of the reporting year (clause 5, clause 1, article 23 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Responsibility for violation of legislation in the field of accounting (financial) reporting

For violation of the deadline for submitting annual accounting (financial) statements to the tax authority, a fine is imposed under clause 1 of Art. 126 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation in the amount of 200 rubles. for each unsubmitted (untimely submitted) accounting form (component) financial statements). Also, an administrative fine in the amount of 300 to 500 rubles may be imposed on an official of such an organization. according to paragraph 1 of Art. 15.6 Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

For violation of the deadline for submitting annual accounting (financial) statements to the state statistics body, an administrative fine may be imposed on the organization under Art. 19.7 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation from 3,000 to 5,000 rubles, for an official of such an organization - in the amount of 300 to 500 rubles.

Distortion of any article (line) of the financial reporting form by at least 10 percent entails the imposition of administrative fine on officials in the amount of 2 to 3 thousand rubles, except for the case of correction of an error in the prescribed manner (including the submission of revised financial statements) before the approval of the financial statements in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation (Article 15.11 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

Where can I get free financial statements for a specific company?

The accounting (financial) statements of organizations are collected and published by Rosstat. The website has a special section where you can get financial statements of more than 2 million Russian organizations; just enter the TIN of the company you are looking for.

Reporting tools

The most popular accounting programs in Russia are products from 1C.

For financial analysis According to the financial statements, there is a tool " ". The program produces a ready-made report on financial condition enterprises, analyzing the key forms of financial statements: Balance Sheet and Income Statement.

For transformation Russian reporting for reporting prepared in accordance with international standards (IFRS), there is an online program "".




Still have questions about accounting and taxes? Ask them on the accounting forum.

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In the Federal Law “On Accounting”, Regulations on Accounting and Financial Reporting in the Russian Federation, Regulations on Accounting “Accounting Reports of an Organization” (PBU 4/99), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 6, 1999 No. 43n, as well as in the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n “On the forms of financial statements of an organization”, the basic requirements for financial statements are formed.

The financial statements generated by the organization must meet the following requirements:

  • – reliability and completeness;
  • – neutrality;
  • – integrity;
  • – sequences;
  • – comparability;
  • – materiality;
  • – compliance with the reporting period;
  • – timeliness.

Accounting statements should give reliable And complete an understanding of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position. Financial statements prepared on the basis of the rules established by regulatory acts on accounting are considered reliable and complete. To ensure the reliability of accounting (financial) reporting data, organizations are required to conduct an inventory of the organization’s property and liabilities. Before preparing annual accounting (financial) statements, conducting an inventory is mandatory.

Requirement neutrality means that when preparing financial statements, the neutrality of the information contained in them must be ensured, i.e. unilateral satisfaction of the interests of some groups of users of financial statements over others is excluded.

Requirement integrity means the need to include in the financial statements data on all business transactions carried out both by the organization as a whole and its branches, representative offices and other divisions, including those allocated to separate balance sheets.

Requirement sequences means the need to maintain consistency in the content and forms of the balance sheet, profit and loss account and explanations thereof from one reporting year to another.

According to requirement comparability The financial statements must contain data that allows them to be compared with similar data for at least three years. Comparability of information means the ability for users of reporting to compare the performance of an enterprise over different periods of time in order to determine trends and patterns in the financial position of the organization and the financial results of its activities. Users should also be able to compare information about different organizations to compare their financial and property positions.

According to requirement materiality indicators about individual assets, liabilities, income, expenses and business transactions should be presented separately in the financial statements if they are significant, if without knowledge of them by interested users it is impossible to assess the financial position of the organization or the financial results of its activities.

An indicator is considered qualitatively significant if its undisclosed or incomplete disclosure could affect economic decisions interested users, adopted on the basis of reporting information.

The materiality threshold in quantitative terms is defined as an amount whose ratio to the total of the relevant data for the reporting year is at least 5%.

According to requirement compliance with the reporting period When preparing financial statements, an organization must adhere to the contents and forms of financial statements adopted by it in the established order from one reporting year to another.

Information reflected in the reporting timely, if it can best satisfy users' decision-making needs, i.e. if a balance is achieved between its relevance and reliability.

In addition to the above requirements, when preparing financial statements, the following requirements for their execution must be observed:

  • – financial statements must be prepared in Russian;
  • – financial statements must be prepared in the currency of the Russian Federation;
  • – financial statements must be signed by the head of the organization;
  • – there should be no erasures or blots in the financial reporting forms;
  • – empty lines and columns in reporting forms are crossed out if the organization does not have relevant assets, liabilities, income, expenses, business transactions;
  • – the data of the presented financial statements must be presented in thousands of rubles without decimal places. Organizations that have significant sales turnover, liabilities, etc. are allowed to provide data in the submitted financial statements in millions of rubles without decimal places;
  • – if, in accordance with regulatory documents on accounting, the indicator has a negative value (for example, uncovered loss previous years and the reporting period), then in the financial statements this indicator is shown in parentheses.

When preparing financial statements, the requirements of PBU and other regulations must be met. regulatory documents on accounting on disclosure of information in financial statements:

  • – changes in accounting policies that have had or are likely to have a significant impact on the financial position, cash flow or financial performance of the organization;
  • – on transactions in foreign currency;
  • – about inventories;
  • – about fixed assets and intangible assets;
  • – about the income and expenses of the organization;
  • – about the consequences of events after reporting date;
  • – about the consequences of conditional facts of economic activity, etc.

A general requirement for all forms of financial statements is the mandatory indication at the top of these forms of identification information and data about the organization, indicating the type of activity of the organization, its legal form and other information necessary for full identification organizations.

This is a unified system of data on the property and financial position of the organization and the results of its economic activities. Reporting is prepared on the basis of accounting data in established forms(Article 2 of the Federal Law of November 21, 1996 N 129-FZ “On Accounting”, paragraph 2 of clause 4 of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Reports of an Organization” (PBU 4/99), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 6, 1999 N 43n).

What requirements must financial statements meet?

The main requirements that financial statements must satisfy are:
Credibility.
Accounting statements must give a reliable picture of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position. Information on the financial position is formed mainly in the form of a Balance Sheet, information on the financial results of the organization’s activities - in the form of a Profit and Loss Statement, information on changes in the financial position of the organization - in the form of a Cash Flow Statement (clause 6 of PBU 4/99 , clause 5.1.4 Accounting concepts in market economy Russia (approved by the Methodological Council on Accounting under the Ministry of Finance of Russia on December 29, 1997)).
To ensure the reliability of financial reporting data, organizations are required to conduct an inventory of property and liabilities, during which their presence, condition and valuation are checked and documented. The procedure and timing of the inventory are determined by the head of the organization, except for cases when the inventory is mandatory. Before drawing up annual financial statements, an inventory is mandatory (except for property, the inventory of which was carried out no earlier than October 1 of the reporting year) (clause 1, paragraph 3, clause 2, article 12 of Law No. 129-FZ, clauses 26, 27 Regulations on maintaining accounting records and financial statements in the Russian Federation, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 29, 1998 N 34n). The procedure for conducting an inventory is established by the Methodological Instructions for Inventorying Property and financial obligations, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated June 13, 1995 N 49.
Utility.
The information presented in the financial statements must be useful. Information is considered useful if it is relevant, reliable, comparable and timely (clauses 6.1, 6.5.1 of the Concept).
Information is relevant if its presence or absence has or is capable of influencing the decisions (including management) of users of reporting, helping them evaluate past, present or future events, confirming or changing previously made assessments (clause 6.2 of the Concept).
Information is reliable if it does not contain material errors. To be reliable, information must objectively reflect the facts of economic activity to which it actually or supposedly relates (clauses 6.3, 6.3.1 of the Concept). The definition of a significant error is given in clause 3 “Correcting errors in accounting and reporting” (PBU 22/2010), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated June 28, 2010 N 63n.
Comparability.
Comparability of information means that users of financial statements can compare performance over different periods of time to determine trends in an organization's financial position and financial performance. Users should also be able to compare information about different organizations in order to compare their financial position, financial performance and changes in financial position (clause 6.4 of the Concept).
Information is timely if it can best meet users' decision-making needs, i.e. if a balance is achieved between its relevance and reliability (clause 6.5.1 of the Concept).
Completeness.
Accounting statements must provide a complete picture of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position. Completeness is ensured by the unity of the above reports, as well as the corresponding additional data (clause 6 of PBU 4/99, paragraph 2, clause 5.1.4, clause 6.3.5 of the Concept).
Materiality.
The financial statements must include significant indicators. An indicator is considered significant if its non-disclosure may affect the economic decisions of interested users made on the basis of the reporting information. The organization's decision on whether this indicator significant, depends on the assessment of the indicator, its nature, and the specific circumstances of its occurrence. That is, the materiality of the indicator when preparing financial statements is determined by a combination of qualitative and quantitative factors (clause 11 of PBU 4/99, clause 6.2.1 of the Concept, Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated January 24, 2011 N 07-02-18/01).
Neutrality.
When preparing financial statements, the organization must ensure the neutrality of the information contained in it, i.e. unilateral satisfaction of the interests of some groups of users of financial statements over others is excluded. Information is not neutral if, through selection or form of presentation, it influences the decisions and assessments of users in order to achieve predetermined results or consequences (clause 7 of PBU 4/99, clause 6.3.3 of the Concept).
Subsequence.
When preparing reports, an organization must adhere to its accepted content and reporting forms consistently from one reporting period to another. Changes to the accepted content and form of the Balance Sheet, Profit and Loss Statement and explanations thereto are permitted in exceptional cases, for example, when changing the type of activity (clause 9 of PBU 4/99).

What forms are financial statements presented in?

Until 2010 inclusive, organizations independently developed and adopted forms of financial statements based on the Samples recommended by the Ministry of Finance of Russia in Order No. 67n dated July 22, 2003 (clause 1 of the Instructions on the procedure for drawing up and presenting financial statements, clause 3 of the Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 22. 2010 N 67n).
Since 2011, financial statements have been compiled and presented according to the following forms:, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010 N 66n. In this case, the detail of indicators for the articles of the organization’s reports is determined independently (clause 3 of Order No. 66n).
For each numerical indicator of the financial statements, except for the report prepared for the first reporting year, data must be provided for at least two years - the reporting year and the one preceding the reporting year (clause 10 of PBU 4/99). For this purpose, the form of the Balance Sheet, approved by Order N 66n, contains columns in which for each item the indicators are given as of the reporting date, as of December 31 of the previous year and as of December 31 of the year preceding the previous one. The Profit and Loss Statement form, as before, contains columns to reflect indicators for the reporting period and for the period of the previous year, similar to the reporting one.
In the financial statements submitted to state statistics bodies and other executive authorities, indicator codes are indicated in accordance with Appendix No. 4 to Order No. 66n.
If the organization does not have numerical data on assets, liabilities, income, expenses, business transactions, the corresponding lines (columns) in the standard forms are crossed out (clause 11 of PBU 4/99).

What information is required in financial reporting forms?

The following data must be present in the forms of financial statements submitted (clause 14 of PBU 4/99):
- name of the accounting reporting form;
- indication of the reporting date as of which the financial statements were prepared, or the reporting period for which the financial statements were prepared.
- full name of the legal entity (in accordance with the constituent documents registered in the prescribed manner);
- an identification number taxpayer (TIN);
- type of activity (indicate the type of activity that is recognized as the main one);
- organizational and legal form/form of ownership (code according to OKOPF and code according to OKFS);
- unit of measurement (the format for presenting numerical indicators is indicated: thousand rubles - OKEI code 384; million rubles - OKEI code 385).
- location (address) (indicated in the Balance Sheet form);
- date of signing.

In what order are financial statements signed and presented?

IN general case financial statements signed by the manager and chief accountant(accountant) of the organization. In organizations where accounting is carried out on a contract basis by a specialized organization or a specialist accountant, the financial statements are signed by the head of the organization and the head of the specialized organization or by a specialist conducting accounting (clause 5 of article 13 of Law No. 129-FZ, clause 17 of PBU 4 /99).
Generate interim financial statements the organization must no later than 30 days after the end of the reporting period. An organization is required to submit quarterly financial statements within 30 days after the end of the quarter, and annual financial statements within 90 days after the end of the year, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Within the specified time frame, the specific date for the submission of financial statements is established by the founders (participants) of the organization or general meeting(clause 51 PBU 4/99, clause 2 of article 15 of Law N 129-FZ, clause 86 of the Regulations on accounting and financial reporting).
Financial statements are prepared, stored and presented to users of financial statements in in the prescribed form on paper media. If technical capabilities are available and with the consent of users of financial statements, an organization may present financial statements in in electronic format(Clause 6, Article 13 of Law No. 129-FZ).
Users of financial statements are managers, founders (participants), property owners, investors, credit organizations, creditors, customers, suppliers, employees and other persons interested in information about the organization. The organization must provide an opportunity for users to familiarize themselves with the financial statements (clause 3 of article 1 of Law N 129-FZ, clause 4, 42 PBU 4/99, clauses 3.3, 3.4 of the Concept).
Accounting statements can be presented to users by the organization directly or transmitted through its representative, sent in the form of a postal item with a list of attachments, or transmitted via telecommunication channels.
Afternoon performance reporting is considered:
- date of sending the postal item with a description of the attachment;
- date of dispatch via telecommunication channels;
- date of actual transfer of ownership (clause 5 of Article 15 of Law No. 129-FZ).
If the date of submission of financial statements falls on a non-working (weekend) day, then the deadline for submission of financial statements is considered to be the first working day following it (clause 47 of PBU 4/99).
Organizations are required to store financial statements for periods established in accordance with the rules for organizing state archival affairs, but not less than five years (Clause 1, Article 17 of Law No. 129-FZ).

What is the reporting date and reporting period

Reporting date for the preparation of financial statements, the last calendar day of the reporting period is considered (clause 4, 12 of PBU 4/99).
Reporting period the period for which the organization must prepare financial statements is recognized (clause 4 of PBU 4/99).
The organization must prepare interim financial statements for the month, quarter on an accrual basis from the beginning of the reporting year (clause 48 of PBU 4/99, clause 3 of Article 14 of Law No. 129-FZ).
The reporting year is a calendar year - from January 1 to December 31 inclusive. The first reporting year for newly created organizations is considered to be the period from the date of their state registration to December 31 of the corresponding year, and for organizations created after October 1 - to December 31 of the following year. Data on business transactions carried out before the state registration of organizations is included in their financial statements for the first reporting year (clauses 1, 2 of Article 14 of Law No. 129-FZ, clause 13 of PBU 4/99).

What rules must be followed when preparing financial statements?

When preparing financial statements, an organization must comply with the following rules.
1. Accounting statements must be prepared in Russian (clause 15 of PBU 4/99).
2. Accounting statements must be prepared in the currency of the Russian Federation (in rubles) (clause 16 of PBU 4/99).
3. Financial reporting data is presented in thousands of rubles without decimal places. An organization that has significant sales turnover, liabilities, etc. can provide data in its financial statements in millions of rubles without decimal places.
4. There should be no erasures or erasures in the financial statements.
5. If the value of any numerical indicator is missing, then a dash is placed in the line (column) (clause 11 of PBU 4/99).
6. A deductible indicator or an indicator that has a negative value is indicated in parentheses (Note 7 to the Balance Sheet form (Appendix No. 1 to Order No. 66n)).
7. Items in the financial statements are assessed according to the rules established by the relevant accounting regulations. When assessing reporting items, the organization is obliged to ensure compliance with the assumptions and requirements provided for in paragraphs 5 and 6 of the Accounting Regulations " Accounting policy organization" (PBU 1/2008), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 6, 2008 N 106n (clauses 32, 36 PBU 4/99).
8. The balance sheet must include numerical indicators in a net valuation, i.e. minus the regulatory values ​​that must be disclosed in the explanations to the Balance Sheet and the Profit and Loss Statement (clause 35 of PBU 4/99).
9. In the financial statements, offsets between items of assets and liabilities, items of profits and losses are not allowed, except in cases where such offset is provided for by the relevant accounting provisions (clause 34 of PBU 4/99).
10. Financial reporting data must be comparable with previous data reporting periods(clause 6.4 of the Concept, clause 10 of PBU 4/99).

What features should be taken into account when preparing financial statements?

The organization has branches

The organization's financial statements must include performance indicators for all branches, representative offices and other divisions (including those allocated to separate balance sheets) (clause 8 of PBU 4/99). Consequently, data on account 79 “Intra-business settlements” (sub-accounts 79-1 “Calculations for allocated property” and 79-2 “Calculations for current operations”) are not reflected in the preparation of the organization’s financial statements (Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts for financial and economic accounting activities of organizations, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31, 2000 N 94n).

The organization is the founder of management under the contract trust management

If an organization is the founder of management under a property trust management agreement, then its financial statements fully include the data provided by the trustee on assets, liabilities, income, expenses and other indicators by summing up similar indicators. This means that the data on account 79, subaccount 79-3 “Settlements under a property trust agreement” are not reflected in the organization’s financial statements (clauses 7, 15 of the Instructions for reflecting in the accounting records of organizations transactions related to the implementation of a trust agreement property management, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 28, 2001 N 97n).

The organization is a participant in a simple partnership conducting common affairs

Indicators separate balance By joint activities are not included in the balance sheet of a partner conducting common affairs (clause 17 of the Accounting Regulations “Information on participation in joint activities” PBU 20/03, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 24, 2003 N 105n).
A partner conducting common affairs draws up and presents to the participants in the agreement on joint activities, in the manner and within the time limits established by the agreement, the information they need to generate reporting, tax and other documentation. In this case, the submission by the partner conducting common affairs of the information included in the financial statements of the partners is carried out within the time limits specified in the agreement, but no later than the time limits established by Law N 129-FZ (clause 20 of PBU 20/03).
Profits and losses from joint activities distributed among partners are included by each partner organization in the appropriate share as part of its other income or expenses when forming its own financial results (clause 14 of PBU 20/03).

Responsibility for violation of the rules of accounting and presentation of financial statements

Article 120 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation establishes the taxpayer’s responsibility for systematic (two or more times during calendar year) untimely or incorrect reflection of business transactions, funds in the accounting accounts and financial statements, material assets, intangible assets and financial investments:
- if these acts were committed within one tax period- a fine of 10,000 rubles will be charged. (clause 1 of article 120 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- if these acts are committed during more than one tax period, a fine of 30,000 rubles is levied. (clause 2 of article 120 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);
- if these actions resulted in an understatement tax base- a fine of 20% of the amount of unpaid tax is charged, but not less than RUB 40,000. (clause 3 of article 120 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
In addition, Art. 15.11 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation establishes liability for officials of an organization in the form of a fine in the amount of 2,000 to 3,000 rubles. for gross violation of the rules of accounting and presentation of financial statements, which means:
- distortion of the amounts of accrued taxes and fees by at least 10%;
- distortion of any article (line) of the financial statements by at least 10%.
Failure to submit to the tax authority in fixed time forms of financial statements (including the auditor’s report in cases where the audit mandatory) entails the imposition of a fine on the organization in the amount of 200 rubles. for each unsubmitted form, and for officials of the organization - from 300 to 500 rubles. (Clause 5, Clause 1, Article 23, Clause 1, Article 126 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, Clause 1, Article 15.6 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation). Moreover, payment of these fines does not relieve the need to submit financial statements to tax office(clause 4 of article 4.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

The concept of accounting (financial) reporting in Russia

Literature: Accounting (financial) statements: Tutorial/ ed. prof. V.D. Novodvorsky. - M.: INFRA-M, 2003. - 464 p. - (series " Higher education")., Chapters 1, 5, 6; Novodvorsky V.D., Ponomareva L.V. Comments on new forms of financial statements of the organization. - M.: INFRA-M, 2003. - 190 p., Accounting reform. the federal law"About accounting". Twenty-one accounting provisions. - 14th ed., rev. and additional - M.: “Os-89”, 2004. - 398 p.

a) external accounting (financial) reporting;

b) internal accounting reports;

V) statistical reporting.

2. What is the name of the qualitative characteristic of accounting (financial) reporting, the presence of which in the reporting excludes unilateral satisfaction of the interests of some user groups over others?

a) relevance;

b) neutrality;

c) materiality.

3. Indicate what is meant by the reporting year?

a) calendar year;

4. What type of accounting is intended for collecting initial information used in accounting, statistical and tax accounting?

a) managerial;

b) desk;

c) operational and technical.

5. Name the document of the fourth level of the system of regulation of accounting and reporting in the Russian Federation:

b) order of the head of the organization “On approval of forms of primary accounting documents”;

c) Resolution of the State Statistics Committee of Russia “On approval unified form primary accounting document No. AO-1 “Advance report” dated 01.08.01 No. 55;

d) all the documents listed above.

6. What is the quantitative value of the materiality criterion for the information contained in the financial statements?

a) 0.5 or more percent of the total of the relevant data;

b) 5 percent or less of the total of the relevant data;

c) 5 or more percent of the total of the relevant data.

7. What financial information contained in the financial statements is material for interested users?

a) one, the non-disclosure of which may affect the economic decisions made by users on its basis;

b) one that is confirmed by an independent auditor;

c) information on the value of net assets.

8. What type of report is not included in the financial statements of organizations?

a) auditor's report;

b) report of the executive body;

c) explanatory note.

9. Indicate the information needs of creditors as users of financial statements of organizations:

a) information about the organization’s ability to repay existing debt and pay the appropriate interest on it;

b) information allowing to determine the profitability of the organization’s activities;

c) information on the volume of revenue from sales of the organization in the reporting period.

10. What is the date of approval of the annual financial statements?

a) the date of its signing by the head and chief accountant of the organization;

b) date of receipt tax authority;

c) the date of its approval by the highest management body of the organization.

11. What financial statements are considered reliable and complete?

a) one that does not contain significant errors and distortions;

b) one that includes all forms provided for by the Federal Law “On Accounting”;

c) one that is formed on the basis of the rules established by regulatory acts on accounting.

12. What reporting forms are required to be included in the interim financial statements?

a) balance sheet, profit and loss statement, cash flow statement;

b) balance sheet, profit and loss statement;

c) balance sheet, profit and loss statement, explanatory note.

13. Interim financial statements include:

a) monthly and quarterly reporting;

b) quarterly reporting;

c) monthly, quarterly and annual reporting.

14. When should annual financial statements be submitted to users?

a) within 90 days after the end of the reporting year;

b) within 30 days after the end of the reporting year;

c) no earlier than 30 days after the end of the reporting year.

a) the period from the date of state registration of a legal entity until December 31 current year inclusive;

b) the period from the date of state registration of a legal entity until December 31 of the following year inclusive;

at 12 full months from the date of state registration of the legal entity.

16. To which structures is an organization not obliged to provide a copy of its financial statements free of charge?

a) the state statistics body;

b) servicing credit institutions;

c) the tax authority.

17. Which reporting form Should the organization reflect the debt of insolvent debtors written off at a loss?

a) in a certificate of the presence of valuables recorded in off-balance sheet accounts;

b) in the statement of changes in equity;

c) in the cash flow statement.

18. Which form of annual financial statements contains the indicator “Basic profit (loss) per share?

a) Cash flow statement (form No. 4).

b) Profit and loss statement (form No. 2).

c) Statement of changes in capital (form No. 3).

19. In what form of annual financial statements is information disclosed on the presence, receipt and disposal of intangible assets by their types, assessed at historical cost?

a) in the balance sheet (form No. 1);

b) in the appendix to the balance sheet (form No. 5);

c) in the statement of changes in capital (form No. 3).

20. In what form of annual financial statements is information about estimated reserves disclosed?

a) in the cash flow statement (form No. 4);

b) in the balance sheet (form No. 1);

c) in the statement of changes in capital (form No. 3).

21. How are events after the reporting date reflected in the financial statements?

a) by clarifying data on the relevant assets, liabilities, capital, income and expenses of the organization in the balance sheet and profit and loss statement;

b) by disclosing relevant information in the statement of changes in capital (Form No. 3);

c) by clarifying data on the relevant assets, liabilities, capital, income and expenses of the organization in the balance sheet and profit and loss statement, or by disclosing the relevant information in the explanatory note to the annual financial statements.

22. For the purposes of preparing annual financial statements, what information refers to information about affiliated entities?

a) data on transactions between the organization preparing financial statements and affiliates;

b) data on the affiliate’s participation in the capital of commercial organizations;

c) data on the management team of affiliated entities.

23. An event after the reporting date is:

a) an event that occurred between the reporting date and the date of signing the financial statements for the reporting year;

b) an event that occurred after the annual inventory of the organization’s property and liabilities before the end of the reporting year;

c) an event that occurred within 60 days after the end of the reporting year.

24. Information about conditional facts of economic activity, the consequences of which are contingent assets, it seems:

a) in the balance sheet;

b) in the income statement;

c) in the explanatory note.

25. The conditional fact of economic activity includes:

a) reduction in the value of the organization’s inventories as of the reporting date;

b) guarantees, sureties and other types of obligations issued before the reporting date in favor of third parties, the deadlines for which have not arrived;

c) unpredictable changes in exchange rates foreign currencies after the reporting date.

26. For accounting reporting purposes, affiliates are:

A) individuals- employees of the organization who can influence the activities of other legal entities and individuals;

b) individuals who are related to the owners of the organization;

V) legal entities having the right to dispose of more than 20 percent of the voting shares of the joint stock company.

27. Consequences of events after the reporting date, confirming the existence at the reporting date of the economic conditions in which the organization conducted its activities:

a) measured in monetary terms and disclosed in an explanatory note;

b) are not measured in monetary terms, but information about their availability is provided in the explanatory note;

c) measured in monetary terms, reflected in synthetic and analytical accounting as the final turnover of the reporting period before the approval of the annual financial statements and disclosed in the explanatory note.

28. Discontinued operations are recognized in the financial statements as of the date:

a) bringing information about the decision to terminate activities to the attention of interested legal entities and individuals;

b) making a decision by the organization’s management body to terminate part of its activities;

c) approval of a unified program for terminating activities.

29. What additional obligations do the organization have as a result of recognizing part of its activities as discontinued?

a) obligations to sell assets related to the implementation of discontinued activities;

b) obligations to pay severance pay in case of staff reduction, penalties under business contracts terminated early;

c) obligations for early repayment of all received loans and borrowings.

30. What is the date of recognition in the accounting records of a reserve for the organization’s obligations in connection with the termination of part of its activities (to cover the costs of dismissal of employees, payment of fines and penalties under business contracts, etc.):

a) the last day of the reporting year;

b) the date of recognition of part of the activity as discontinued;

c) the date of approval of the unified program for terminating part of the activity.

31. What is the frequency of submission of financial statements by public organizations (associations) that do not carry out entrepreneurial activity and having no turnover in the sale of goods, works, services (except for disposed property)?

a) once a month;

b) once a quarter;

c) once a year.

32. Which organizations are required to submit a report on the intended use of funds received (Form No. 6) as part of their annual financial statements?

a) non-profit organizations created in the form of non-profit partnerships and autonomous non-profit organizations;

b) public organizations(associations) that do not carry out entrepreneurial activities and have no turnover in the sale of goods, works, services (except for retired property);

c) recipient organizations state aid.

33. In what normative act contains a definition and establishes the composition of the organization's financial statements?

a) Law “On liability for violation of the procedure for submitting state statistical reporting” dated May 13, 1992 No. 2761-1;

b) Federal Law “On Accounting” dated November 21, 1996 No. 129-FZ;

c) Accounting Regulations “Accounting Statements of an Organization” PBU 4/99.

34. Which of the following factors determine the features of the formation of financial statements:

a) the amount of the organization’s authorized capital;

b) organizational and legal form of the organization;

c) the value of net assets at the end of the reporting year.

35. Continue the statement: “The financial statements are prepared taking into account...”:

a) previously used reporting forms;

c) international reporting forms;

36. The reporting date for the preparation of financial statements is:

a) the last day of the reporting period

b) the first day of the next reporting period

c) the date of actual completion of business transactions related to the reporting period.

37. Select from the list the option to continue the phrase: “The financial statements include...”

a) the results of business operations obtained as of the reporting date;

b) balances of accounting accounts as of the reporting date and the results of business transactions relating to subsequent reporting periods;

c) property, liabilities and capital of the organization as of the reporting date, as well as information about events after the reporting date and contingent facts of economic activity.

38. Non-profit organizations have the right not to provide as part of their annual financial statements:

a) cash flow statement (form No. 4);

b) statement of changes in capital (Form No. 3), statement of cash flows (Form No. 4), and Appendix to the balance sheet (Form No. 5) in the absence of relevant data;

c) statement of changes in capital (form No. 3) - in the absence of relevant data.

39. In what year was the International Financial Reporting Standards Committee formed?

a) in 1965;

b) in 1973;

c) in 1988;

d) in 1996.

40. Indicate the correct name of the documents developed by the International Accounting Standards Board:

A) international standards financial statements and their interpretation;

b) international standards for auditing financial statements;

(c) international financial reporting standards and guidelines on their application.

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