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The Yuan ("round coin") is the official currency and legal tender of the People's Republic of China. One Chinese yuan is equal to 10 jiao. 10 jiao = 100 fen. Yuan is issued in banknotes of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 yuan (there is a 1 yuan coin in the form of coins), and jiao (1, 2, 5 jiao) are also issued in banknotes. Feni are issued in the form of coins with a value of 1, 2, 5 feni.

In China, the word yuan is used to describe the exchange rate of any Chinese currency; using the American dollar as an example, the dollar is the mei yuan. Yuan in China is also called renminbi, which means "people's money" in Chinese.

In October 2013, the yuan became the most popular currency in global trade after the dollar. Most often, Chinese currency is used in international payments in China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Germany and Australia.

Chart and dynamics of the Chinese yuan of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in 2015

CNY – official currency People's Republic of China. It should be borne in mind that the word “yuan” (translated into Russian as “circle” or “round coin”) is used exclusively abroad. The internal name of the currency is Renminbi or, as is customary in Latin spelling, Renminbi, which translates as “people's money”. Bank code is CNY. 1 yuan is equal to 10 jiao or 100 fen. Banknote denominations: 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2 (rare) and 1 yuan, as well as 5, 2 and 1 jiao. Coins: 1 yuan, 5, 2 and 1 jiao.

Traditionally, on the front side of banknotes there is a portrait of Mao Zedong and flowers. Moreover, to the portrait of the leader, for 100 yuan a Japanese plum is added, for 50 - a chrysanthemum, for 20 - a lotus, for 10 - a rose, for 5 - a daffodil and for 1 yuan - an orchid. Reverse side decorate the landscapes of the People's Republic of China. The coins of the latest series contain on the obverse the name of the bank and the year of issue, on the reverse side on 1 yuan there is the inscription RMB (three times; the coin is made of nickel coated with steel), on the 5 jiao there is an image of a reed (made of copper coated with steel). The 1 jiao coin is smooth and made of aluminum alloy. No other denominations have been issued since the end of the last century.

Despite the fact that China is considered one of the first countries in the world to use banknotes(coins appeared in the 7th century BC, banknotes in the 8th century AD, and paper was invented there around 100 AD), money in its modern form dates back to 1948. It was then that the People's Bank of China was created, which received the exclusive right to issue. Before this, since 1835, the Chinese liang was issued, equal to 10 mao and 100 fin. Small gold bars were used for large payments. IN rural areas Smaller coins were in circulation: qiani and cache. In addition, throughout China there was a huge amount of foreign money in circulation.

The first attempt to unify monetary system was undertaken in 1933, but was not successful: each province continued to issue its own coins and banknotes. In addition, part of the territory was occupied, and Japanese military yen were in circulation there from 1938 to 1943.

Until 1935, the yuan was pegged to the silver standard, and after that to the gold standard. At the same time, as a result of the monetary reform, previously issued money was replaced with banknotes. Their excessive emission led to hyperinflation: in 1936, 1 US dollar corresponded to 3.36 yuan, and in 1946 - 3,350. The outbreak of the revolution completely collapsed the national currency.

On January 1, 1948, the People's Bank of China issued the first "people's money", defining the gold content of the yuan as 0.22217 grams of pure gold. The exchange rate for old banknotes was 3 million for 1 yuan. Moreover, the reform was not carried out at once, but as the provinces were united by the communists. Finally, local banknotes were replaced by single currency only by 1952, and in Tibet - by 1959.

In the first year, the authorities had to devalue the national currency several times: initially 1 US dollar was worth 4 yuan, by the end of 1948 it was already 20. In 1955, the People's Bank of China carried out monetary reform: from March 1 to April 30, old money was exchanged for new ones at a rate of 10,000:1.

The Chinese Yuan is not a freely convertible currency. Its official rate until 1974 was set People's Bank towards British pound sterling and the Hong Kong dollar, later - to the US dollar and a basket of world currencies. Moreover, the official exchange rate did not always and did not fully reflect economic trends: Since 1994, it has been fixed at 8.27 yuan per dollar.

Certain relaxation in monetary policy happened only in 2005, when the Chinese authorities revalued the yuan, raising its value by 2%. By 2008, the yuan strengthened by more than 20%, to 6.82 yuan per US dollar. Nevertheless, today the PRC continues to enjoy certain foreign trade advantages, which are based on the undervalued exchange rate of the national currency. As of summer 2011, the official rate is 6.46 yuan per dollar.

From an investment point of view, China is one of the most interesting countries. Over two decades, China has made a huge leap, moving to second place in the world in terms of gross domestic product after the United States, ahead of Japan and other developed countries. Moreover, there is no consensus among economists about how much China's GDP actually amounts to. It is generally accepted that the national currency is undervalued by approximately two times, and due to the discrepancy official rate with real it is difficult to bring production data to a single indicator with other countries: figures diverge from more than 5 trillion dollars to more than 10 trillion. Moreover, thanks to this situation, China has a stable positive trade balance.

At the same time, it is assumed that sooner or later the Chinese leadership will liberalize the economy and exchange rates. And then the prospect of making a profit due to the increase in the value of the currency may open up.

Regarding the exchange cash currency in China, then Foreign citizens can change it to yuan freely in banks and specialized exchange offices. Moreover, if you need to make a reverse exchange - exchange the remaining yuan for another currency upon departure, then you must save the certificate of exchange.

China in the 21st century is steadily gaining leadership in the world economic markets and has significant potential to become the most large economy peace. However, along with the rapid pace of development of the national economy, the national currency of the Celestial Empire - the yuan - continues to remain a strong, but very cheap currency on the world financial scene.

From the mid-90s until 2005 inclusive, this ratio was at the level of 8.26 yuan per 1 dollar. Today, the dollar-yuan ratio is trading in the range of 6.2-6.25 yuan per 1 US dollar. It would seem that the rapid development of the economy should at least halve the gap between this currency pair, however, this did not happen. The mysterious stability and inviolability of the Chinese currency lies in financial strategy China. The government simply freezes adjustments to the national currency, preventing market changes from affecting the yuan.

On the one hand, this gives colossal results. The cheap yuan allows Chinese manufacturers to have a significant advantage in world markets over Western competitors, easily reducing the level of added value if necessary. Such a policy of containment over the past 20 years has allowed China to become the world's main exporter.

However, the 2008 crisis, although it did not break the country’s economy, did point out its weaknesses. Namely low level domestic consumption in GDP structure. In conditions of financial instability, the threat of overproduction loomed over the Chinese economy, so it was necessary to urgently reorient industry towards domestic markets. This in turn caused rapid growth. Rising prices within the country no longer make it possible to ensure a stable exchange rate for the national currency, so the Chinese government is currently forced to make the yuan a freely convertible currency. This process has already begun and should be completed in the second half of 2015.

What will this innovation lead to:

1. The Yuan will strengthen significantly and increase in value. By the end of 2015, the rate may be 4.5-5 yuan per 1 US dollar.
2. Due to the growth of the yuan, the economy of the Middle Kingdom will suffer. Industrial products will increase in price by 15-20%, which will significantly affect the competitiveness of Chinese goods on world markets.
3. The yuan will become a more accessible currency for foreign investors, both legal and individuals. Consequently, demand will increase, which will further strengthen the Chinese currency.

Despite the limitations of the bi-currency basket Russian Federation There are only two currencies - the euro and the dollar; other currencies are also of interest. All the more quickly developing countries, such as China. I wonder how the Chinese national currency is developing and whether it has a future Russian market? Is it worth investing in the national currency of the Middle Kingdom? We offer the current one.

Our country has now taken an active course to the east, especially in the supply of oil and gas. Such economic ties can popularize the Chinese currency in the Russian market. And also attract the attention of citizens as investment purchases of the yuan. Is it worth considering Chinese currency as a profitable investment?

Yuan is the national currency of China. Translated from Chinese it means “circle” (round coin), but the inhabitants of the Celestial Empire call it completely differently. Official name Renminbi, translated - money of the people. Have international bank code CNY. There are 100 fen or 10 jiao in 1 yuan. The face values ​​of the coins are 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 yuan, 5, 2 and 1 jiao.

By the end of last year, the yuan had risen in value more than planned. This growth was 7%. Moreover, in last years The Chinese currency is generally characterized by stability. After the 2008 crisis, China decisively set a course for the development of domestic economic policy, and today, perhaps, there is no country in the world that does not have economic ties with China. China is self-sufficient and exports from the country are extremely high. This, naturally, significantly strengthened their national currency.

In addition, China acts as a buyer in the energy market, so Russia’s offers to supply oil to them are now very profitable, against the backdrop of a general decline in the cost of energy resources.

Prospects for the Yuan

And today the Chinese Government is building financial policy to increase the exchange rate of their currency. This, the Government believes, may now weaken the position of the yuan, but in the long term it will significantly strengthen it in the foreign exchange market. Therefore, against the backdrop of general global economic instability, the behavior of the Chinese currency looks very confident.

Forecast of the yuan to ruble exchange rate for 2015 in Russia depends on both the fluctuations of our currency and the trends of the Chinese one. The ruble will continue to fall in price this year, while the dollar, on the contrary, will rise in price. Now for about 6 yuan on the market you can buy 1 dollar. It turns out that the ratio of the ruble and the Chinese yuan is 450:1. Will the current situation change?

According to experts, its value will decrease slightly over the year, even despite its stable position. This is justified by a slight slowdown in the pace of economic development in China. The Central Bank of China is cutting key bank rates and reduces the required financial reserve ratio by 1.5%.

Mitul Kotech, Head of Department currency analysis Barclays Plc's bank from Singapore predicts a decrease in the GDP rate in China by the beginning of autumn 2015. This will lead to a depreciation of the Chinese currency by 2.3%.

The forecast of European banks regarding the situation of the currency from China is as follows: by the summer of 2015, 10 CNY will buy $1.57.

However, compatriot experts predict the strengthening of the Chinese currency due to significant factors:
=> Increase in export volumes due to increased demand from the main buyers - the USA and South Korea and, accordingly, an increase in budget revenues;
=> Falling oil prices that are beneficial for China will free up additional funds for development;
=> There is now an opportunity to purchase Russian energy resources from Russia on favorable terms.

With the help of such supporting events, the Chinese will be able to smooth out the negative aspects and even ensure a slight increase in the yuan.

Should you invest your savings in Yuan?

Of course, in new economic conditions The Chinese Yuan forecast for 2015 is of investor interest. Russia is heading to the East, diplomatic and business agreements are being established. Does this mean that you can safely invest in China? Today, many experts advise investing your savings in yuan, in anticipation of making a profit in the future. You shouldn’t expect quick earnings from the yuan just yet.

The previous crisis of 2008 did not break the Chinese economy; on the contrary, it revealed its weaknesses. Special attention required for domestic consumption general structure intra-gross production in China. In fact, China's industry is completely focused on external consumers. Domestic consumption was in short supply. Therefore, the Chinese Government decided to redirect production to domestic markets. This decision caused a rapid increase in inflation within the country.

The purchasing power of the population and rising prices could not ensure a stable exchange rate for the national currency, so the yuan became a freely convertible currency. This process is still ongoing and will be completed by the end of 2015.

As a result of this innovation:

=> The yuan will strengthen and grow. By the end of the year the rate may reach 4 yuan per 10 American dollars.
=> Prices for Chinese industrial products are expected to increase by 15-20%. This will greatly reduce the competitive ability of Chinese products in the global consumer market.
=> Yuan will become accessible to foreign investors. Growing demand will strengthen it even more.

The yuan/ruble exchange rate for 2015 will also change. Those who are planning to invest their accumulated funds in this currency must take into account the fact that not all Russian banks while they are working with the yuan. This will complicate the process. Although now, with the establishment of partnerships with the Celestial Empire, we can expect the introduction of the yuan into free access in the Russian banking system.

A fairly stable exchange rate of the yuan against the dollar will endure this year. The fluctuations are the most insignificant. But if you need quick results from your money, then investing it in the yuan for a short period of time most likely does not make sense. Also, exchange rates for the yuan for 2015 are not the most profitable. Since neither sharp fluctuations, no jumps in this currency are expected.

It is more profitable today to open foreign currency deposits in euros and dollars. Then it will be possible to earn money not only on the obvious growth of currencies, but also as a percentage on time deposits. Today banks offer different percentages in terms of the invested amounts, and are far from the largest and most profitable. But you shouldn’t expect any special changes just yet. Many analysts also do not recommend opening long-term deposits, since the situation could change at any moment (God forbid, default). Optimal time– 3-6 months.

Investments can be diversified, open both ruble and foreign currency deposit. Then your savings will be reliably protected, and you are also guaranteed to make a profit.

We hope that the forecast we presented for the yuan in Russia helped you decide on the choice of currency for investment.