I . ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC POTENTIAL
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC

1.1. Current socio-economic situation
in the Chuvash Republic

Chuvashia is a small, but dynamically developing and investment-attractive region. The basis for long-term investment and successful business are the authority of the authorities, interethnic harmony, profitable geographical position, favorable natural and climatic conditions, developed engineering,telecommunications And transport infrastructure, legal and economic guarantees of investment, significant labor potential. The Chuvash Republic does not have reserves of strategic raw materials, so the innovative path of economic development has been chosen as the main priority.

The functioning of the economy of the Chuvash Republic in the long term will be determined by external and internal conditions and factors.

Among external conditions, the greatest importance for Chuvashia will be the dynamics of the development of the world economy, the use of the achievements of Russian and foreign companies in knowledge-intensive high-tech sectors of the economy, Russia’s entry into the World trade organization, socio-political and socio-economic stability in the Russian Federation, demographic situation.

TO internal conditions that influence the pace of economic development and require maximum government influence include the following factors:

increasing the share of innovative competitive products in the production sector and developing new markets;

improving the quality of infrastructure as part of the implementation of priority national projects;

promoting diversification and technological development;

development of the public services sector;

limiting the increase in prices (tariffs) for housing and communal services;

implementation budget policy on the formation of an effective system of budget expenditures and their optimization.

Currently, the Chuvash Republic is characterized by positive trends in the growth of production in leading sectors of the economy and significant changes in the social sphere.

Main indicators of socio-economic status

Chuvash Republic and Russian Federation in 2006

Name

Index

absolute

average per capita (specific)

in Chuvashia

across Russia

share of Chuvashia

unit

measurements

in Chuvashia

across Russia

ratio of the indicator for Chuvashia to the indicator for Russia


Territory	thousand km2	18,3	17098,2	0,1%
Resident population (annual average)	million Human	1,29	142,4	0,9%
Gross regional product	billion rubles	76,6*	26781,0**	0,29%		70,9	188,1	37,7%
Volume of shipped goods of own production, works and services performed in-house (OKVED)	billion rubles	70,3	15758,5	0,45%	per capita, thousand rubles	54,5	110,7	49,2%
	billion rubles	15,8	1617,1	1,0%	per capita, thousand rubles	12,2	11,4	107,0%
Foreign trade turnover	billion US dollars	0,25	468,4	0,05%	per capita, thousand US dollars	0,196		5,9%
Investments in fixed assets	billion rubles	26,5	4483	0,59%	per capita, thousand rubles	20,6	31,5	65,4%
Commissioning of residential buildings (total area)	million m2	0,85	50,2	1,7%	per 1 thousand population, m 2	662,8	352,5	188,0%
turnover retail	billion rubles	37,0	8627,5	0,43%	per capita, thousand rubles	28,7	60,6	47,4%
	billion rubles	19,2	10642,8	0,2%	per capita, thousand rubles	14,8	74,7	19,8%
Number of registered unemployed (at the end of the year)	million Human	0,0119	1,74	0,7%	registered unemployment rate, % of economically active population
Population with incomes below living wage	million Human	0,26	22,8	1,1%	poverty level, % of total strength population	20,3	16,0	126,9%
Cash income per month					per capita, rubles	5241,6	9910,6	52,9%
Average monthly nominal accrued wages					one employee, rubles	6407,2	10736,0	59,7%
Average amount of assigned monthly pensions					one pensioner, rubles	2530,0	2842,0
Natural population decline	thousand Human		689,5	0,8%	coefficient natural increase population, people per 1 thousand population			89,6%

Dynamic development of the economy of Chuvashia in last years(Appendix No. 1, Table 1.1) contributed to the formation of a mobile economy focused on openness and fair partnership, with significant opportunities and potential for socio-economic growth.

In 2006, the physical volume index gross regional product (GRP) amounted to 144.6% compared to 2000, which is slightly higher than the Russian average (143.7%).Gross regional product per capita increased in current prices from 18.9 thousand rubles in 2000 to 70.9 thousand rubles (according to 2006 estimates).

The dynamics of GRP are given in Appendix No. 1, Table 1.2.

The leading place in the economy of Chuvashia is occupied by industrial complex, which accounts for about 50% of revenues tax payments, about 70% of the balanced financial result, about 30% of the working population.

The growth of the industrial production index in the Chuvash Republic in 2006 compared to the 2000 level was 150.5%, while in the Russian Federation it was 133.4%. By this indicator Chuvashia ranks 50th among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In 2006, the positive trend of accelerated growth in industrial production continued: the industrial production index amounted to 115.9%, in Russia, respectively, 103.9%.

In the structure of industry, the dominant position is occupied by organizations of manufacturing industries, their share in the volume of shipped products is 84.8%, organizations of production and distribution of electricity, gas and water - 14.9%, mining - 0.3%.

In the structure of manufacturing industries, more than 63% of the volume of shipped products industrial complex accounts for 5 types economic activity: for the production of electrical equipment, electronic and optical equipment - 15.9%, food products, including drinks - 14.4%, machinery and equipment - 13.1%, Vehicle and equipment – 10.4% and for chemical production – 9.5%.

Indices and structure of industrial production are given in Appendix No. 1, tables 1.3–1.6.

Agro-industrial complex . The Chuvash Republic is located in a zone of risky agriculture. Organizations Agriculture create about 13% of the gross regional product.The main branches of agriculture are grain production, potato growing, hop growing, meat and dairy cattle breeding, pig farming, poultry farming and beekeeping.In 2006, the volume of crop production decreased by 1.4% compared to 2005, the volume of livestock production increased by 7.1%, and overall the volume of agricultural production increased by 3.2%.

The main producers of agricultural products are agricultural organizations and private farms. The share of production from personal subsidiary plots in 2006 amounted to 66.0% of the total volume of production, agricultural organizations - 31.9%, peasant (farm) farms - 2.1%.

The All-Russian Agricultural Census in the Chuvash Republic, carried out in July 2006, covered 1097 agricultural organizations, 2062 peasant (farm) enterprises and individual entrepreneurs, 733 non-profit associations of citizens and 246.3 thousand personal subsidiary plots, on the basis of which data federal informational resources about the main characteristics and structure of agriculture, including in the context of municipalities.

The dynamics of agricultural production are givenin Appendix No. 1, table 1.7.

Small business development . Small business is one of the most significant and promising reserves for economic development.

There are 7,061 small enterprises operating in the Chuvash Republic, which is 1.8 times more than in 2000. The share of products produced by small enterprises in the gross regional product of the Chuvash Republic increased from 11.4% in 2000 to 19.0% in 2006. The level of tax revenues to budgets of all levels is increasing from year to year: in 2006 alone it increased by almost 1.4 times compared to 2005.

Small businesses account for:

more than half of the volume of work performed in the type of activity “construction”;

7.6% of the volume of shipped goods of own production, works and services performed in-house;

16.1% of catering turnover;

60.3% of retail trade turnover.

The main indicators of small business development are given in Appendix No. 1, Table 1.8.

The Chuvash Republic maintains a stable trend of accelerated growth investment in fixed capital compared to the growth rate in Russia as a whole. The volume of investments in fixed capital in 2006 compared to 2000 increased by 2.5 times (in Russia - by 1.8 times). In the Volga Federal District (VFD), the Chuvash Republic ranks 8th in terms of “investment per capita”.

The policy of the President of the Chuvash Republic to create favorable conditions for attracting additional investments in the economy of the republic forms civilized approaches of the management of organizations to increasing the level of financial transparency and the quality of corporate governance.

The dynamics and structure of investments are given in Appendix No. 1, tables 1.9–1.10.

Currently, about 200 are being sold in the Chuvash Republic investment projects total cost more than 120.0 billion rubles.

The largest investment projects of the Chuvash Republic are presented in Appendix No. 2.

BAnkovsky sector in the Chuvash Republicis actively developing. Only in 2006, 3 branches of banks from other regions were opened. Today in Chuvashia there are 5 credit organizations, 14 branches of credit institutions in other regions, 10 branches of Sberbank of Russia, as well as 69 additional offices, 188 operating cash desks, 15 credit and cash offices and 6 bank representative offices. The total currency value of the balance sheets of credit institutions and non-regional branches over the past 5 years has increased 5.7 times, in 2006 - by 64%. The main factor in the growth of active operations banking sector what remains is the expansion of credit investments, which specified period increased more than 12 times.

One of the features of the population structure of the Chuvash Republic is multinationality. For many years there has not been a single interethnic conflict in Chuvashia. Currently, 95% of the population adheres to the Orthodox religion, 3% to Islam, 1% to Protestantism, 1% to other religions.

The population density of Chuvashia is 68.4 people per 1 sq. km. This is one of the highest indicators in Russia.

Main socio-economic indicators of the region.

The functioning of the economy of the Chuvash Republic in the long term will be determined by external and internal conditions and factors.

Among the external conditions, the dynamics of the development of the world economy, the use of the achievements of Russian and foreign companies in knowledge-intensive high-tech sectors of the economy, Russia's entry into the World Trade Organization, socio-political and socio-economic stability in the Russian Federation, and the demographic situation will be of greatest importance for Chuvashia.

The internal conditions that influence the pace of economic development and require maximum government influence include the following factors:

Activation of investment activity, implementation of large investment projects;

Increasing the share of innovative competitive products in the production sector and developing new markets;

Improving the quality of infrastructure as part of the implementation of priority national projects;

Stimulating diversification and technological development;

The condition of production assets, the degree of their deterioration;

Development of the public services sector;

Limitation of price increases (tariffs) for housing and communal services;

Implementation of budget policy to create an effective system budget spending and their optimization.

Currently, the Chuvash Republic is characterized by positive trends in the growth of production in leading sectors of the economy and significant changes in social sphere.

Economic relations of the region with other regions and countries.

The Chuvash Republic maintains trade and economic relations with 60 countries of the world, including exporting goods to 55 countries. In 1997, the foreign trade turnover of the republic amounted to more than 120 million dollars. In the volume of trade, the share of countries of the near and far abroad is proportional. In the commodity structure of exports, products of the chemical (46%) and mechanical engineering (35.2%) complexes predominate.

There are 80 joint ventures operating on the territory of the republic with the participation of 32 countries, mainly Bulgaria, China, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Ukraine, the USA, Uzbekistan and Turkey. Benefits are granted to foreign and joint ventures in the republic.

In Chuvashia, German capital is involved in the construction of a brewery (more than 32 million Germans were attracted) and a sanitary ware production plant.

In November 1998, Chuvashia was visited by a delegation of the American Chamber of Commerce (ATC), which included representatives of leading US companies interested in developing business in Russia, including companies that had created joint ventures in Chuvashia in electrical engineering, instrument making, chemistry, woodworking, agro-industrial complex.

Vice President of ATP and. Runov noted that Chuvashia attracts US companies with its favorable geographical location on the middle Volga, which contributes to the establishment of mutually beneficial business contacts with neighboring countries (52 and 48%).

Regional management structure.

The Republic has its own constitution and legislation. Carries out its own legal regulation, including the adoption of laws and other normative legal acts regulating relationships in the political, economic and cultural spheres of society, within the limits established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Throughout the entire territory of the Chuvash Republic, outside the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the powers of the Russian Federation on subjects of joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and the Chuvash Republic, the Constitution of the Chuvash Republic has the highest legal force.

The basic law of the Republic is the Constitution of the Chuvash Republic, adopted in 2000.

President of Chuvashia

The highest official in the Chuvash Republic is the Head (until January 1, 2012 - the President). In 1994, Nikolai Vasilyevich Fedorov became the first President of Chuvashia. In August 2010, Mikhail Vasilyevich Ignatiev became the second President of Chuvashia.

Legislature

State Council of the Chuvash Republic

The State Council (parliament) is the highest representative, legislative and control body of state power in Chuvashia.

executive power

Cabinet of Ministers of Chuvashia

The Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic is the executive and administrative body of state power and is headed by the Prime Minister.

Political parties

1. All-Russian political party "UNITED RUSSIA"

2. Political party “Communist Party of the Russian Federation”

3. Political party “Liberal Democratic Party of Russia”

4. Political party “Russian United Democratic Party “YABLOKO”

5. Political party "PATRIOTS OF RUSSIA"

6. Political party A JUST RUSSIA

7. All-Russian political party “RIGHT CASE”

Regional branches of political parties

1. Chuvash regional branch of the All-Russian political party “UNITED RUSSIA”

2. Chuvash Republican branch of the Political Party “Communist Party of the Russian Federation”

3. Chuvash regional branch of the political party “Liberal Democratic Party of Russia”

4. Regional branch of the Political Party A JUST RUSSIA in the Chuvash Republic

5. Chuvash regional branch of the Political Party “Russian United Democratic Party “YABLOKO”

6. Chuvash regional branch of the political party “PATRIOTS OF RUSSIA”

7. Regional branch of the All-Russian political party “RIGHT CASE” in the Chuvash Republic.

Strategy for the socio-economic development of the region.

The strategy for the socio-economic development of the Chuvash Republic until 2020 is a system of public administration measures based on long-term priorities of regional socio-economic policy, which are in inextricable unity and interrelation with national strategic priorities. But at the same time, it determines the priority areas of activity not only for government bodies of the Chuvash Republic, but also for local governments, public and business circles to ensure targeted adherence to a given long-term vector of development and achievement of set strategic goals.

The strategy is based on the following fundamental principles:

Social orientation, believing main goal improving the level and quality of life of the population of the Chuvash Republic;

Sustainable development of the Chuvash Republic, creation of a dynamically developing, competitive and balanced economy that provides employment to the population mainly in sectors with high potential for sustainable growth and labor productivity;

A region of cooperation that ensures a combination of regional, interregional and all-Russian interests in solving strategic problems of economic, social and territorial development.

The development of the Strategy was carried out with the active participation of executive authorities of the Chuvash Republic, taking into account proposals from representatives of university science in the Chuvash Republic. The draft document was reviewed at the Investment Policy Council and discussed at the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Chuvash Republic with the participation of representatives of the business community and public organizations. In addition, an interactive survey of the population on the main provisions of the Strategy was conducted on the Portal of the authorities of the Chuvash Republic.

On September 19, 2006, the Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Chuvash Republic until 2020 was discussed at the Ministry regional development Russian Federation (Protocol signed between the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation and the Cabinet of Ministers of the Chuvash Republic dated September 19, 2006 N 34) with the participation of deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, independent experts. The document was highly appreciated.

Conclusion

On the threshold of the 21st century, the Chuvash Republic was faced with a choice: to continue to lag behind the Russian Federation in important indicators of production and consumption, its most developed regions in economic and social development (Moscow, St. Petersburg, N. Novgorod, Samara, etc.) or, choosing optimal development trajectory and concentrating all forces and resources (investment - financial, material, organizational, intellectual) on its key areas, try to overcome this gap in a relatively short historical period (10-15 years).

A comprehensive assessment of the investment climate, the resource potential of leading industries and business areas, the results of the implementation of the most important republican target programs, monitoring of stabilization processes in the machine-building complex, chemical, light and food industries, the first noticeable achievements in the intersectoral construction complex, which is key for the republican economy, testifies that in Chuvashia, basically, the minimum conditions and prerequisites have been created that are necessary to significantly accelerate the processes of economic stabilization and subsequent economic growth on a new qualitative basis.

It is possible that in the context of a structural crisis in domestic production, more radical decisions may be needed, providing for the introduction of a number of administrative restrictions during the period of structural transformations aimed at protecting domestic producers and creating preferential conditions for the sale of their products.

The largest exporters of the Chuvash Republic are: Khimprom JSC, Tekstilmash JSC, Cheboksary Aggregate Plant JSC, Promtractor JSC, Lenta JSC, ChEAZ JSC, Cheboksary Cotton Mill LLP, Dieselprom JSC.

Enterprises of the republic export their products to 57 countries of the world. Chuvashia's traditional partners are neighboring countries: Kazakhstan; Ukraine, Uzbekistan; Estonia; Belarus. Among non-CIS countries, a significant share export operations carried out with Germany, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy. In 1995, compared to the previous period (Table 1.3.), trade and economic ties with Finland (2.8 times), Germany (1.6 times), and Italy (1.4 times) intensified.

It is safe to say that the economy of the Chuvash Republic, which had been standing still for years, has taken its first confident steps. To establish normal operation of enterprises, they urgently need investment.

It must be said that investment climate is improving. In 2000, the electricity sector, ferrous metallurgy, food industry, communications, transport and forestry saw an increase in industrial investment compared to 1999. Guaranteed conditions have been created to attract domestic and foreign investment. Domestic and foreign investors, overcoming natural wariness, are increasingly moving to the Chuvash Republic, as they see reasonable policies and political stability here. Statistics show this.

According to the scientist-economist, academician, Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Chuvash Republic L.P. Kurakov, socio-economic reforms in the republic are reaching a qualitatively new level. The republic has good prerequisites for economic growth - it has a developed construction complex; well-developed transport network; availability of groundwork in applied science and unique technologies; favorable geographical conditions; skilled, hardworking and relatively abundant labor resources; offensive policy of enterprises in the foreign economic market.

Bibliography

Kistanov V.V. Regional economy Russia / V.V. Kistanov, N.V. Kopylov. - M.: Finance and Statistics, 2007.
Archikov E. I. Geography of the Chuvash Republic / Archikov E. I., Trifonova Z. A. - Chuvash book publishing house, 2009.
Khrushchev A. T. Economic and social geography Russia / A. T. Khrushchev. - M.: Kron-Press, 2006.
Law of the Chuvash Republic dated June 4, 2007 No. 8 “On the Strategy for Socio-Economic Development of the Chuvash Republic until 2020.”
Pankrukhin, A.P. Marketing of territories: Textbook. allowance / A.P. Pankrukhin - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2007. - 416 p.

Description

Russia is a multinational state consisting of republics, territories, regions, federal cities, autonomous regions and autonomous okrugs, which are equal subjects of the Russian Federation.
The separation of administrative-territorial entities within the constituent entities of the Federation is due to the fact that management of all spheres of public life from a single center is ineffective, since in this case the efficiency of management is lost and irrationally formed Information Support: on the one hand, information about a given territory may be oversaturated, including data of no significant importance, and on the other hand, incomplete, not containing special, specific characteristics.

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..3
1. Features of regional problems………………………………………………………5
2. Regional problems using the example of the Chechen Republic…………………..8
3. Ways to solve regional problems of the Chechen Republic………………….…………………12
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………..14
List of references………………………………………………………..16

The work consists of 1 file

2) “efficiency”, which requires the rational use of the production potential of each region for the purpose of national welfare. Both of these goals can be either compatible or conflicting. As a rule, during periods of economic growth, the first goal predominates, and during periods of crises, the second. It is not necessary that the policies of government bodies at different levels of the territorial hierarchy be dominated by any one goal. However, there must be a certain consistency in regional policies pursued by federal, regional and local authorities, otherwise spatial inequalities will increase. In individual countries, there are different principles for the division of functions in the field of regional policy by central and regional authorities, and specific schemes for combining macro- and micro-instruments. By macro-instrument we mean the levers of monetary, fiscal and trade policies, and by micro-instrument we mean the levers of direct influence on workers (labor) and entrepreneurs (capital). The choice of a specific micropolicy instrument depends on the tasks and specific conditions for their solution that have developed at the moment in the constituent entities of the Federation. With all the diversity of tasks and differences in conditions in the regions, there are some general patterns in determining measures (means) for solving problems. IN general case possible directions of micropolitics are formed by choosing the object of influence: work force(labor) or jobs (capital) - and the choice of direction of influence: internal or external restructuring of the conditions of activity (work and entrepreneurship).

2. Regional problems using the example of Chuvashia.

A comprehensive analysis of the socio-economic development of the Chuvash Republic made it possible to identify the following main problems.

I. Economic structural and investment problems of Chuvashia

1. Low innovative activity of enterprises with insufficient development of knowledge-intensive and high-tech industries. Innovations are currently being introduced mainly at large enterprises of the republic that have their own research base. The Chuvash Republic ranks 6th among 14 regions of the Volga Federal District in terms of the share of organizations engaged in innovative activities in the total number of organizations surveyed. Innovative development is hampered by the irrational use of the scientific potential of the Chuvash Republic, the use of ineffective mechanisms for involving internal technological and intellectual resources in economic circulation, and the underdevelopment of innovation infrastructure.

2. Uncompetitiveness of manufactured products and services. One of the conditions for inclusion in international trade turnover is the introduction of international quality standards in organizations of the republic. Currently, the number of ISO 9000 certified organizations is only 0.6% of the total number of organizations in the real sector of the economy. Only 4 enterprises have certificates of compliance with international standards ISO 14000: joint-stock companies Promtractor, Cheboksary Electrical Apparatus Plant, Percarbonat and Elpri LLC. Small businesses, organizations in the service sector, education, healthcare, the construction sector, and culture are practically not involved in the process of introducing international quality standards.

3. Decrease in profitability, high degree of wear and tear of the material and technical base of agricultural producers. The land in the Chuvash Republic is the most eroded compared to the lands of other regions of the Russian Federation. The coefficient of dissection of the territory is 1.25, there are more than 3.7 thousand ravines and gullies with a length of over 22 thousand km. More than 80% of arable land is subject to water erosion. The decrease in the profitability and profitability of agricultural production deprived agricultural producers of the opportunity to conduct normal reproduction, and also led to a deterioration in the financial condition of agricultural organizations with the withdrawal of agricultural land from circulation and the departure of qualified labor from the village due to low incomes.

4. Underdevelopment of the land market. Land is one of the most important resources for socio-economic and urban development. The lack of free purchase and sale of land has a negative impact on the formation of an effective land user, the expansion of commercial areas, and the attraction of investors, including in the agro-industrial complex. The land market in the Chuvash Republic is in the initial stages of formation. The most promising tool for the efficient use of land is a land mortgage. At the moment, the legislative framework has been developed only for the first part of the mortgage scheme - providing a loan secured by a land plot. For the second part related to the transfer of land to liquid assets, there are relations that are not regulated by law, which are serious obstacles. One of the unresolved problems is the presence of unused arable land on agricultural lands. In order to establish a land market and develop land mortgages, it is first necessary to complete the processes of delimitation and registration of land ownership rights. The delimitation of land by levels of ownership is necessary to combine the property and the land plot underneath it in order to form a single object of taxation, which will increase the revenue side of the consolidated budget of the Chuvash Republic. The development of land market relations, securing land ownership, intensifying the processes of purchase and sale and collateral of land plots will increase interest in investing in land and real estate, thereby increasing the investment attractiveness of the Chuvash Republic.

5. Insufficient level of development of transport infrastructure, safety and quality of transport services. The Chuvash Republic in terms of road density (258.7 km of paved roads per 1 thousand sq. km of territory) is at the level of countries with developed market economies, but is significantly inferior to them in terms of the technical condition of the road surface, which does not meet regulatory requirements. The majority of roads have parameters of low categories, 77% of the total length of roads common use IV, V categories and non-category roads. To connect them with the public road network, it is necessary to build more than 1.0 thousand km of local roads. This will contribute to the integrated development of territories adjacent to cities and regional centers, in which the main production potential of the Chuvash Republic is concentrated, increasing the mobility of rural residents and involving recreational areas of the Chuvash Republic in the process of organizing recreation for residents and guests of the republic. The lack of constant air connections with major cities and the possibility of receiving and releasing aircraft of 1st and 2nd classes reduces the attractiveness of Chuvashia, especially for large investors. The level of development of the infrastructure of the republic's river ports does not allow full use of the existing potential of the region due to the insufficient depth of the shipping lane of one of the main transport arteries of Russia - the river. Volga. To date, the strategically important task of creating a single deep-sea route with a guaranteed depth of navigation along the international transport corridor "North - South" has not been implemented due to the lack of a decision by the Government of the Russian Federation to raise the level of the Cheboksary reservoir to the design level of 68 meters.

6. Unsatisfactory use of the tourism and recreational potential of the Chuvash Republic. In the Chuvash Republic there is a positive dynamics of volume growth tourism services provided in sanatorium-resort, hotel, and tourism organizations. However, the number of tourists visiting Chuvashia remains low.

7. Underdevelopment of the services market. The share of industries producing services in the gross regional product in the Chuvash Republic is 40.3%, on average in the Russian Federation - 49% (in GDP), in the Volga Federal District - 41.3%, while the share of services in GDP in developed countries is from 60 to 80%. The service market in Chuvashia is characterized by an insufficient level of quality and the presence of disproportions in development individual species, aimed mainly at consumers with low incomes. The largest share in the total volume of paid services is occupied mainly by household services, including housing and communal services, transport and communication services, while expenses on intangible services are insignificant. Traditions of production and consumption of intangible services, which form stereotypes of the activities of market subjects (consumers and producers), are insufficiently developed.

II. Social problems of Chuvashia 8. Relatively low level of income of the population. Despite the positive dynamics of real cash incomes of the population of Chuvashia in recent years, they still lag behind similar average Russian indicators. A significant part of the population (20.3%) has an income level below the subsistence level (in Russia - 16.0%). There are significant disproportions in the level of wages in various sectors of the republic's economy.

9. Difficult demographic situation, the need to improve the health status of the population. The Chuvash Republic, as well as Russia as a whole, is characterized by a process of depopulation, which is based on natural population decline due to a high mortality rate that exceeds the birth rate. In Chuvashia, there is a slight migration outflow, including the most active, young citizens - the potential of the future. The high mortality rate of the working-age population increases the risks of investing in human capital in Chuvashia. Solving problems in the field of demography and health should help reduce direct and indirect socio-economic losses to society from controllable causes of mortality among the working-age population. All this will ultimately increase the investment attractiveness of the region and its residents.

10. Insufficient level of provision of citizens with comfortable and affordable housing. Despite the fact that housing commissioning per 1000 people in the Chuvash Republic is significantly ahead of the average for the Volga Federal District and the Russian Federation, the problem of providing housing for citizens in need remains acute. The level of wear and tear of public infrastructure facilities averages 60%. The consequence of this is technological backwardness and low consumer quality of the provided public services.

III. Environmental problems of Chuvashia

11. Incomplete construction of the Cheboksary hydroelectric complex and deterioration of the ecological condition of the Cheboksary reservoir. For 25 years, the Cheboksary hydroelectric complex has been operating at a temporary intermediate level of 63.0 meters. The reservoir of the Cheboksary hydroelectric power station does not have a useful capacity and does not regulate the spillway, which does not ensure self-purification of the water. The specific areas of shallow waters (31.5%) significantly exceed permissible sanitary standards (15 - 20%).

12. Pollution environment on the territory of the Chuvash Republic. Increased consumption, high population density (70.3 people per 1 sq. km) and the development of production lead to an increase in accumulated waste (by 43% over 5 years). The service life of many waste disposal facilities in the regions and cities of the Chuvash Republic is ending. In the city of Cheboksary, the capacity of the existing waste disposal site has been exhausted. The share of polluted wastewater discharged into surface water bodies is 89.3% of the total volume of wastewater discharge. Due to the growth of motorization, the problem of air pollution in large cities is becoming more acute.

3. Ways to solve regional problems.

The strategic development of Chuvashia in the long term is determined taking into account the priorities of the socio-economic policy of the Russian Federation, global trends in world development associated with the transition to a post-industrial society, the use the latest technologies, the formation of a “knowledge economy” and the strengthening of integration economic processes in society. In the current conditions, Chuvashia needs to implement a set of measures to strengthen its competitive position in the Russian and world markets, create a high-tech, innovatively receptive and dynamically developing economy based on its own potential, comparative advantages of the republic, targeted investment policy and active attraction of investment capital in all spheres of life, creating multiplier effect and forming accelerated socio-economic growth. The spatial development of the territory of the Chuvash Republic is based on the fullest use of the potential of investment zones, defined in accordance with the Territorial Integrated Urban Planning Scheme. Depending on the natural resource, labor, industrial, infrastructure, agricultural and investment potential, the municipal districts of Chuvashia are united into four characteristic zones. Northern zone - Yadrinsky, Morgaushsky, Cheboksary, Mariinsko-Posad, Tsivilsky, Alikovsky, Krasnoarmeysky and Kozlovsky districts. 68% of the population of Chuvashia lives in this zone, the share of the urban population is 88.6%. The competitive territorial advantage of this zone is its proximity to the developed industrial complex of the city. Cheboksary and Novocheboksarsk. The main energy capacities of the Chuvash Republic (Cheboksary hydroelectric power station, thermal power plants), the largest industrial enterprises (OJSC Promtractor, OJSC Khimprom, OJSC Cheboksary Aggregate Plant, etc.) are concentrated here. Agriculture has a suburban specialization. The infrastructure is developed, there are recreational areas and forests. All this makes the northern zone the most economically active and investment attractive, including for the urbanization of territories and the introduction of new technologies in construction. The central zone is Urmarsky, Kanashsky, Yantikovsky, Ibresinsky and Vurnarsky districts. An agricultural zone with favorable conditions for organizing the reproduction and processing of agricultural products. The zone is rich natural resources(brick clay, limestone, forest, medicinal herbs, berries, mushrooms, etc.). There are enterprises for their processing. The most important transport center in this zone is the city of Kanash with mechanical engineering and metalworking enterprises; an innovative center for the development and implementation of new technologies in the field of agrochemistry - OJSC "Vurnary Plant of Mixed Preparations" in the town of Vurnary. All this contributes to the location of new production facilities in the zone and the development of a logistics and transport service center. South-Eastern zone - Komsomolsky, Yalchiksky, Batyrevsky and Shemurshinsky districts. Agricultural zone with highest level land fertility in Chuvashia. Farmland in the Batyrevsky district is used most effectively. The volumes of agricultural products produced significantly exceed the volumes of their processing. Horse breeding is cultivated. The entire population of the South-Eastern zone lives in rural areas. This territory is attractive for organizing the production of environmentally friendly agricultural products and collecting forest products. Southwestern zone - Krasnochetaisky, Shumerlinsky, Poretsky and Alatyrsky districts. In addition, in the southwest is the city of Alatyr, which is the center of Russian Orthodox culture, which provides an opportunity for the development of a tourist and recreational cluster involving the main resources - the river. Sura and forest areas. In the city of Alatyr, there are organizations specializing in the production of electrical products (JSC Elektroavtomat, JSC Elektropribor Plant), panels, metal structures, refrigerators (JSC Alatyr Low-Temperature Refrigerator Plant), products for railway transport (Alatyr Mechanical Plant - branch of OJSC "Russian Railways"), automatic seat belts (LLC "SKM"). The city is home to the production of structures for prefabricated low-rise housing according to modern technologies. The construction of a mining and processing plant is planned. Forestry and wood processing are developed in this zone; its territory is 65% covered with forest. About 47.5% of the population lives in rural areas. The Strategy considers the rational use of human capital and intellectual potential as the most important resource for the dynamic socio-economic development of the Chuvash Republic. Subject special attention is to create the necessary infrastructural conditions to ensure qualitative structural changes in all sectors of the economy and social sphere, all of which will ultimately lead to an improvement in the quality of life of the population. In accordance with the selected strategic goals and objectives, the actions of government authorities of the Chuvash Republic will be concentrated on the implementation priority areas development.

UDC 338(470.344)

HE. ANANYEVA

MODERN PROBLEMS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC

Keywords: economic system region, factors of regional development, resources of regional development, socio-economic development of the region, strategic development of the region, regional development program, economic potential, budget regulation, innovative development.

The problems of socio-economic development of the Chuvash Republic are considered, an assessment of its economic potential is carried out, on the basis of which the main strategic directions for the development of the republic in modern conditions- changes in macroeconomic parameters of the national economy as external environment for regional development.

MODERN PROBLEMS OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC

Key words: economic system of region, factors of regional development, resources of regional development, social and economic development of region, strategic development of region, the program of development of region, economic potential, budgetary regulation, innovative development.

In the article problems of social and economic development of the Chuvash republic are considered, the estimation of its economic potential is spent. On which basis the basic strategic directions of development of the republic in modern conditions - of change of macroeconomic parameters of national economy, as environment for regional development are offered

The functioning and development of the regional economy must be understood as a way of improving socio-economic processes in the region, carried out within the framework of the strategic development in order to increase economic potential, ensuring in the region the expanded reproduction of the living conditions of the population as the highest value of society and a strategic resource for economic growth.

We can distinguish two types of functioning and strategic development of the regional economy - situational and regulatory. The situational functioning and development of the regional economy is based on standard and specific situations(reaction to external and internal environment, etc.). The regulatory functioning and development of the regional economy consists of establishing mandatory rules that determine the content and order of economic activity in the region, when the main emphasis is on the mandatory development of standards and standardization of the processes of functioning and development. Successful solution of socio-economic problems by regions requires the active involvement of the organizational factor - improvement of the structures regulating the processes of functioning and development of the regional economy. The main task of regional development structures is to determine priorities further development, as well as careful study comprehensive programs and individual major events, which requires putting forward principles and applying methods to justify and creating an appropriate mechanism for implementing the adopted strategy.

Administrative transformations are a reflection of the global trend in the strategic development of the regional economy in Italy, Australia and the USA. In Italy, the EU methodology of strategic territorial planning and development of economic resources in problem areas, based on the principle of network interaction of local organizations, is gradually taking root.

organizations and business units. In turn, Australia’s experience in implementing measures in the field of economic development of the country’s regions is relevant for Russia in terms of developing regional projects aimed at finding ways of balanced economic relations and interactions in the region.

American practice involves building public structures that can promote regional economic development through: improving infrastructure; resolving land ownership issues; planning permitting and regulatory prerogatives; construction and operation of public facilities; receiving preferential terms for business; marketing, endogenous and exogenous business development; support and financing of entrepreneurship; improving the real estate market in the region.

The development of the economy of the Chuvash Republic requires significant external investments necessary to increase the pace of development of traditional industries, improve transport accessibility, development of resort and recreational areas and centers, production of environmentally friendly agricultural products. Currently, the republic’s economy is developing well, but the available resources are not used rationally or fully, which increases socio-economic risks in the region. To overcome them, it is necessary to apply a new approach to the formation and use of the economic potential of the Chuvash Republic. The optimal solution to these problems will allow the republic to become one of the most important entities in the Russian economy.

At the same time, the economic potential of a region is understood as a set of opportunities, the rational combination and use of which makes it possible to achieve the main goal of socio-economic development - improving the quality of life of the population of the region and the quality of its environment. Achieving the goals of regional economic development largely depends on the size and degree of use of its economic potential. Among the key components of the economic potential of the Chuvash Republic, the following can be distinguished: resource and production, labor, investment, innovation and foreign economics. At the same time, ensuring sustainable development of the republic is possible only by increasing the economic potential of the region by changing the structure and quality economic resources republics.

In the current situation, the main indicators of regional economic development are: economic and financial indicators, standard of living and integral indicator. At the same time, special attention should be paid to the need to use, when assessing the economic potential of a region, a point-by-point analysis of the socio-economic state of the region in specific areas: political microclimate, employment, budgetary security, business activity, investment attractiveness specific projects, prospects city-forming enterprises, opportunities for systemic changes. The result of assessing the economic potential of a region should be a concept for its long-term development, which should provide for the maximum use of the economic potential, resources and connections with other regions available in the region to create the competitiveness of the region.

The process of state participation in increasing the economic potential of the region, its forms and methods are determined, on the one hand, by the national economic policy and, on the other hand, regional policy, taking into account the peculiarities of the regional economic development. Modern structures management of socio-economic processes in the region are experiencing a stage of reorganization, which is associated with the decentralization of the management system, the development

the development of market relations, structural restructuring of the economy, the formation of regional infrastructures, i.e. changing the nature of state participation in increasing the economic potential of the region.

New economic conditions require the state to create network coordination-type management structures in regional bodies, which will allow them to quickly adapt to constantly changing environmental conditions, while concentrating all types of economic resources. Changing the nature of state participation in increasing the economic potential of the region is possible through the creation of network structures through the formation and provision of operating conditions for a regional economic development agency.

The construction of a system of indicators for assessing the economic potential of a region should be based on indicators economic activity main participants in the region's economy. At the same time, the most appropriate when constructing a system of indicators for assessing the economic potential of a region seems to be the principle of implementing the concept of an aggregate regional economic process, when four groups of indicators are distinguished: indicators of main and auxiliary economic processes, indicators of life support processes and indicators of processes that impede the development of the regional economy.

As for the Chuvash Republic, the main forms and methods of effective development of its economic potential are: compliance with social rights and guarantees of the region’s population, attracting investments from federal budget, revision of development priorities, optimization of budget expenditures at all levels, use of program-target planning, financial and economic impact on the main economic agents of the republic, improvement of work in the field of providing tax benefits and etc.

At the same time, active attention must be paid to increasing the efficiency of using the economic potential of the region through the developed Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Chuvash Republic until 2020. The main scenarios for the effective use of the economic potential of the republic can be: inertial, stabilization, innovative. IN in this case investment strategy of the republic is a tool for the effective use of the economic potential of the region.

The main interconnected blocks of the mechanism for improving the organizational and economic characteristics of the implementation of the long-term development of the Chuvash Republic are: reform government controlled and local government; reform budget process and effective management of state property in the region; creating conditions for innovative development republics; staffing the implementation of the region's development strategy.

A special place in the created system of support for reforming public administration and local self-government in medium term should be taken by the Fund municipal development Chuvash Republic, which will be the main channel of republican financial support for municipal investment projects, as well as a system of territorial and municipal government that ensures a high degree of controllability promising development region and focused on the maximum possible in existing economic conditions meeting the needs of the population of the republic.

At the same time, one of the main goals of forming a mechanism for improving the characteristics of the development strategy within the framework of reforming the budget

process and effective management state property in the Chuvash Republic, is to increase citizens’ satisfaction with the received budget services, creating optimal conditions for intensifying economic development, creating full-fledged incentives for governing bodies to improve the quality of the results of the work of republican authorities, increasing the efficiency of local governments, improving procedures for the formation and execution of the budget. In this case, the management of state property should be focused on optimizing objects and subjects of state property, identifying priority areas for the effective use of land and other real estate, involving them in turnover and stimulating investment activity in the real estate market in the interests of society and citizens.

Literature

1. Olivanova T.N. Formation of a regional innovation system as the basis for sustainable socio-economic development of the region (on the example of the Chuvash Republic) / T.N. Olivanova // Bulletin of the Chuvash University. 2009. No. 1. P. 472-476.

2. Smirnov V.V. Analysis of the effectiveness of socio-economic development of the Chuvash Republic / V.V. Smirnov // Bulletin of the Chuvash University. 2006. No. 3. P. 184-189.

3. Smirnov V.V. Main priorities in ensuring effective socio-economic development of the Chuvash Republic / V.V. Smirnov // Bulletin of the Chuvash University. 2006. No. 1. P. 156-165.

4. Strategy for socio-economic development of the Chuvash Republic until 2020. Cheboksary, 2008.

5. Economy of the Chuvash Republic / ed. L.P. Kurakova. 2nd ed. Cheboksary: Chuvash Publishing House. Univ., 2007. 576 p.

ANANYEVA OLYMPIADA NIKOLAEVNA - candidate for an academic degree economic sciences, Chuvash State University; Deputy Manager of VTB Bank OJSC (in Cheboksary), Russia, Cheboksary ( [email protected]).

ANANEVA OLIMPIADA NiKOLAeVnA - competitor of scientific degree of Candidate of Economical Sciences, Chuvash State University; assistant to the managing director of Open Society "Bank VTB" (to Cheboksary), Russia, Cheboksary.

Problems and prospects for the development of Chuvashia. Current state, problems and trends in the socio-economic development of the Chuvash Republic. I. assessment of the potential for socio-economic development of the Chuvash Republic

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