Many Russian residents perceive payments to Chechnya for the restoration of its economy as a shameful tribute following the results of the Chechen war. Against the backdrop of skyscrapers in Grozny and the newly built mosque, the largest in Europe, as they are proud of in Chechnya, Russian regions, paying for this restoration, look very unattractive. Which only adds a feeling of injustice and wrongness of what is happening. And so the head of the Russian Ministry of Finance, Anton Siluanov, proposed changing the financing of Chechnya, making it equal to other Russian regions.

In fact, funding for all regions from federal budget calculated based on their income and expenses. And in Chechnya, since 2000, money has been allocated for direct investment in objects of social significance. The Federal Ministry of Finance proposed to include taxes collected in Chechnya in the calculations. Moreover, an official decision on this will be made before the end of the year. Meanwhile, the government of the Chechen Republic has made a request not only to maintain a special regime for inter-budgetary relations, but also to open direct funding production facilities on its territory at the expense of the federal treasury. In order, they say, to create massive sources of income in 5-8 years and only after that begin to collect taxes.

How ready is the Chechen economy really to independently secure the revenue side of its budget? “SP” addressed this question to the director of the Institute of National Strategy, Stanislav Belkovsky.

"SP": - Today the transition to general rules funding for Chechnya?

Economically, of course, it is justified. In addition, within the framework of the Russian Constitution, all subjects of the federation are equal. Chechnya is a subsidized region, and as such it must report on its income and expenses.

“SP”: - Does the federal center today have sufficient political resources to bring Chechnya onto an equal playing field with other federal subjects?

Of course, there is no such political resource. After the Caucasian War, which began in 1817 and formally ended in 1864, but in fact lasted until the mid-2000s, Chechnya considers itself the winner. Chechnya has imposed tribute on Russia and will collect it as long as it remains part of it. This is confirmed by the high real influence of Chechen leaders in Russia. For example, Ramzan Kadyrov is an arbiter in many disputes in other regions of the Federation. Including in economic and business conflicts involving large owners and corporations. His decision is the last and cannot be revised.

“SP”: - But doesn’t Anton Siluanov know all this? If the head of the Ministry of Finance took such a step, does that mean he checked it with the President of Russia?

Siluanov is a representative of the team that brought him to this post, and which is headed by Alexey Kudrin. It is ridiculous for him to measure influence with Kadyrov. There were many military men and politicians, from Viktor Kazantsev to Khloponin, who were confident that they would cope with Chechnya very quickly. However, in all these battles, Kadyrov very quickly emerged as the winner. He is much stronger than the pure apparatchik Siluanov. Today, in my opinion, Kadyrov considers himself the second federal politician in Russia after Putin, if not the first.

“SP”: - That is, the initiative of the Ministry of Finance is doomed to failure in advance?

Kadyrov is very cunning. This is not the same guy he was five years ago. He has become a very accomplished hardware player. I studied the Byzantine rules of the game down to the subtleties. I admit that he can accept Chechnya’s formal compliance with the general rules of financing, but in this case there will definitely be some kind of bypass maneuver, a side scheme, according to which money from the Center will go to Grozny.

Director of the Institute for Problems of Globalization (IPROG) Mikhail Delyagin believes that Moscow is not determined to ensure that Chechnya becomes an ordinary Russian region.

"SP": - The Federal and Chechen Ministries of Finance have completely different views about how to continue to provide income to this republic...

In this dispute, I am on the side of the Chechen Ministry of Finance. This is a debate about whether this region is normal or not normal. I read that this region does not live like others. And he will live differently. Chechnya is not an ordinary region. In the Perm region, in Moscow, in almost every subject of the Federation there is a personal representative of the Chechen president. In fact, these are his ambassadors, and in any subject, personal integrity is guaranteed to all members of the family of Kadyrov’s representatives. After the events in Sagra, we know what we are talking about...

“SP”: - But Mr. Siluanov is a smart man. Did he really just decide to turn around this bunch of problems without getting the go-ahead from above?

The federal Ministry of Finance has a bureaucratic approach. The counter-terrorist operation regime has been cancelled. The international airport in Grozny operates without security. Formally, the courts and the Russian law enforcement system are working, and elections are taking place. Well, that means there should be regular inter-budgetary relations.

“SP”: - Does Moscow today have the opportunity to solve Chechen problems so that it becomes a normal subject of the federation?

I believe that there are as many possibilities as you like. I don `t want. It’s just that such a task is not set. But if we were to solve it, we should not start with budget transfers.

“SP”: - Why?

From Sharia courts. How the judicial and law enforcement system generally works there. With equal rights of citizens before the law, regardless of nationality. Look for a video on the Internet of how the wife of the plenipotentiary representative of the Chechen president in Moscow parks a car. Young people approach her and ask her to be more careful. People immediately arrive and start telling these parking attendants how their heads will be cut off and everything else. During Luzhkov’s time in Moscow there was parity of power between Luzhkov’s team and representatives of Chechen business circles. With the arrival of Sobyanin, there seems to have been a clear shift in the influence of people from Chechnya.

“SP”: - Is this due to the fact that Kadyrov considers himself the most influential after Putin?

I don’t know who Kadyrov considers himself to be. Ask him that. But I know that many people expelled from Russia by Putin’s entourage returned to the country through Kadyrov. And it’s also true that he is an arbiter in many economic disputes. Although I cannot give the names of these businessmen - this is personal information. Please be understanding.

“SP”: - So, Russia will continue to pay tribute?

The Moscow princes in the Golden Horde did not collect taxes, they paid themselves. And they were happy when their heads were not cut off.

“SP”: - So the answer about the tax base is such a polite message to go away?

Rude. After we were shown a varnished Grozny on TV, this is a clear message to stay away. If you can’t make Chechnya a normal republic, don’t try! There is no desire to solve serious problems and make it a normal region - don’t run into trouble! I would look at another politician, at least at the federal level, who would come to an official reception with the president in sweatpants while video cameras are on camera!

“SP”: - Why does Putin allow this?

Perhaps the Chechen war was enough for him. Perhaps he does not consider Kadyrov an opposition, but considers him a support against all kinds of “orange” revolutions. Such a trump card in case of political unrest.

“SP”: - When do kings in trouble remember the Gascon?

If you are talking about the book “The Three Musketeers”, then the Gascons had a different concept of treating old people, women, children and business representatives.

The procedure, rates and deadlines for paying transport tax in Chechen Republic for 2019-2018 are established by the Law of the Republic of October 13, 2006 N 32-RZ “On transport tax in the Chechen Republic” (with appropriate amendments and additions in force in 2019). It applies to all cities of the subject. The administrative center is Grozny. Big cities and settlements: Urus-Martan, Shali, Gudermes, Argun, Kurchaloy, Achkhoy-Martan, Tsotsi-Yurt, Bachi-Yurt, Goyty, Avtury, Katyr-Yurt, Geldagana, Gekhi, Mayrtup, Samashki, Shelkovskaya, Alleroy, Alkhan- Kala, Sernovodskaya, Starye Atagi, Germenchuk, Mesker-Yurt, Znamenskoye, Assinovskaya, Oyskhara.

Procedure and deadlines for paying transport tax in the Chechen Republic

Taxpayer organizations during the tax period, pay advance tax payments calculated at the end of each reporting period in the amount of one-fourth of the product of the corresponding tax base, tax rate And tax benefits. Tax reporting periods for taxpayer organizations are the first quarter, second quarter, third quarter calendar year.Organizations calculate the amount of tax and the amount of advance tax payment independently. Payment of tax and advance payments of tax is made by taxpayers to the budget at the location of the vehicles.

Advance payments are paid no later than the last day of the month following the expired reporting period. Payment of tax for the expired tax period is made by organizations no later than February 1 of the year following the expired one. tax period(year). More details about procedure for tax payment by legal entities read the article at the link.

Deadline for payment of transport tax for legal entities in the Chechen Republic in 2019

• for the 1st quarter of 2019 - until April 30, 2019;
• for the 2nd quarter of 2019 (6 months) - until July 31, 2019;
• for the 3rd quarter of 2019 (9 months) - until October 31, 2019;
• for the 4th quarter and the whole of 2019 - February 01, 2020

For reference. Transport tax for 2018, organizations must pay by February 1, 2019

Citizens pay transport tax on a car based on tax notice sent by the tax authority.

Deadline for payment of transport tax by individuals

Since 2016, the deadline for paying car tax has changed for individuals- now the tax must be paid before December 1 (previously the payment deadline was set until October 1).

Individuals must pay transport tax in the general manner no later than December 1 of the year following the expired tax period. That is, the car tax for 2017 must be paid before December 1, 2018, for 2018 - before December 1, 2019., and for 2019 - until December 1, 2020. If December 1 is a non-working day, the payment deadline is postponed to the next working day.

The deadline for paying transport tax on a car in the Chechen Republic in 2019 is until December 2, 2019. (tax paid for 2018)

Non-payment of tax in deadlines entails the accrual of penalties in accordance with current legislation.

Transport tax rates in the Chechen Republic

Tax rates for transport tax for 2019-2018 in the Chechen Republic are established depending on engine power, jet engine thrust or gross tonnage of vehicles, category of vehicles per one horsepower of engine power vehicle, one kilogram of jet engine thrust, one registered ton of vehicle or a vehicle unit in the following dimensions:

Tax rates in the Chechen Republic - table

Name of taxable object	Tax rate (in rubles) for 2015-2016, 2017	Tax rates for 2018-2019 (in rubles per 1 hp)
Passenger cars		8
over 100 hp up to 150 hp (over 73.55 kW to 110.33 kW) inclusive		14
over 150 hp up to 200 hp (over 110.33 kW to 147.1 kW) inclusive		26
over 200 hp up to 250 hp (over 147.1 kW to 183.9 kW) inclusive		58
		107
Motorcycles and scooters with engine power (per horsepower): up to 20 hp (up to 14.7 kW) inclusive		5
over 20 hp up to 35 hp (over 14.7 kW to 25.74 kW) inclusive		9
over 35 hp (over 25.74 kW)		25
Buses with engine power (per horsepower): up to 200 hp (up to 147.1 kW) inclusive		18
over 200 hp (over 147.1 kW)		32
Trucks with engine power (per horsepower): up to 100 hp (up to 73.55 kW) inclusive		11
over 100 hp up to 150 hp (over 73.55 kW to 110.33 kW)		18
over 150 hp up to 200 hp (over 110.33 kW to 147.1 kW)		23
over 200 hp up to 250 hp (over 147.1 kW to 183.9 kW)		30
over 250 hp (over 183.9 kW)		41
Other self-propelled vehicles, machines and mechanisms on pneumatic and caterpillar tracks (with each horsepower)		11
Snowmobiles, motor sleighs with engine power (per horsepower): up to 50 hp (up to 36.77 kW) inclusive		13
over 50 hp (over 36.77 kW)		25
Boats, motor boats and other water vehicles with engine power (per horsepower): up to 100 hp (up to 73.55 kW) inclusive		30
		70
Yachts and other sailing-motor vessels with engine power (per horsepower): up to 100 hp (up to 73.55 kW) inclusive		73
over 100 hp (over 73.55 kW)		150
Jet skis with engine power (per horsepower): up to 100 hp (up to 73.55 kW) inclusive		89
over 100 hp (over 73.55 kW)		179
Non-self-propelled (towed) ships for which gross tonnage is determined (from each registered ton of gross tonnage)		62
Airplanes, helicopters and other aircraft with engines (per horsepower)		78
Airplanes with jet engines (per kilogram of thrust)		63
Other water and air vehicles without engines (per vehicle unit)		672

It is very easy to calculate the transport tax in the Chechen Republic yourself using a regular calculator. To do this, you need to multiply the vehicle power (in hp) by the tax rate (second column of the table).

Note,when collecting car tax apply increased transport tax coefficients for expensive cars worth more than three million rubles.

Attention: Due to the fact that the final tax amount depends on the category and make of the car, its power, we do not recommend using online calculators. The most accurate calculation is achieved by simply multiplying the car’s power by the tax rate (taking into account increasing factors by expensive cars).

Transport tax benefits in the Chechen Republic

The legislation of the region establishes preferential categories of citizens and organizations that are exempt from paying car tax or pay it in a smaller amount. Let's figure out who doesn't pay transport tax in Grozny and the Chechen Republic.

The following are exempt from paying tax in respect of one registered vehicle with an engine power of up to 150 horsepower (up to 110.33 kW), inclusive, at the taxpayer's choice:

1. Heroes Soviet Union, Heroes Russian Federation, citizens awarded the Order of Glory of three degrees;
2. Heroes of Socialist Labor, citizens awarded the Order of Labor Glory of three degrees;
3. veterans of the Great Patriotic War;
4. categories of citizens exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl disaster (Chernobyl victims);
5. disabled people of groups I and II;
6. persons recognized as victims of political repression, including citizens from among the repressed peoples who were subjected to repression on the territory of the Russian Federation on the grounds of nationality and other affiliation;

Specified in this article categories of citizens are exempt from paying transport tax in respect of one vehicle registered with them at the taxpayer's choice.

For reference. Since 2016, changes have been made to the legislation, according to which restrictions have been introduced on the power of cars when providing benefits - the maximum engine power of a car has been set at 150 hp. Previously, tax exemptions for the above categories of citizens were provided for one vehicle without restrictions on engine power.

Old-age pensioners, labor veterans, combatants, large families do not have benefits for paying transport tax in the Chechen Republic. There are no additional car tax discounts.

Prepared by "Personal Prava.ru"

Law of the Chechen Republic dated July 26, 2011 N 25-RZ) 4) tractors, self-propelled combines of all brands, special vehicles (milk tankers, livestock trucks, special vehicles for transporting poultry, machines for transporting and applying mineral fertilizers, veterinary care, technical service), registered on agricultural producers and used in agricultural work for the production of agricultural products; 5) vehicles owned by the right of operational management federal authorities executive power, where military and (or) equivalent service is legally provided for; (edited)

Tax benefits for organizations in the Chechen Republic

The procedure and deadlines for paying transport tax Transport tax rates in the Chechen Republic Transport tax benefits in the Chechen Republic The procedure, rates and deadlines for paying transport tax in the Chechen Republic for 2017-2018 are established by the Law of the Republic of October 13, 2006 N 32-RZ “On transport tax Chechen Republic" (with appropriate amendments and additions effective in 2017). It applies to all cities of the subject. The administrative center is Grozny.

Large cities and towns: Urus-Martan, Shali, Gudermes, Argun, Kurchaloy, Achkhoy-Martan, Tsotsi-Yurt, Bachi-Yurt, Goyty, Avtury, Katyr-Yurt, Geldagana, Gekhi, Mayrtup, Samashki, Shelkovskaya, Alleroy, Alkhan-Kala, Sernovodskaya, Starye Atagi, Germenchuk, Mesker-Yurt, Znamenskoye, Assinovskaya, Oyskhara.

Transport tax in the Chechen Republic in 2018-2017

Calculator for calculating transport tax in the Chechen Republic. Calculation of transport tax: Vehicle: Passenger car Motorcycle, scooter Bus Truck Snowmobile, motor sleigh Boat, motor boat, other watercraft Yacht, other sailing-motor vessel Jet ski Non-self-propelled (towed) vessel Power (hp): Year and month of installation of the vehicle for registration: - January February March April May June July August September October MarchNovemberDecember Year and month of withdrawal of funds from the account: -JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember ATTENTION! Car tax calculations are for informational purposes only.

Exact amount you will find out when the receipt for payment arrives 🙂 Search and payment of car tax Search and payment of transport tax Deadlines for payment of road tax Document number Document date Payment deadline for individuals. persons Payment deadline for legal entities

Simplified taxation system

Tue) inclusive, at the taxpayer's option, are exempt:

1. Heroes of the Soviet Union, Heroes of the Russian Federation, citizens awarded the Order of Glory of three degrees;
2. Heroes of Socialist Labor, citizens awarded the Order of Labor Glory of three degrees;
3. veterans of the Great Patriotic War;
4. categories of citizens exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl disaster (Chernobyl victims);
5. disabled people of groups I and II;
6. persons recognized as victims of political repression, including citizens from among the repressed peoples who were subjected to repression on the territory of the Russian Federation on the grounds of nationality and other affiliation;

The categories of citizens specified in this article are exempt from paying transport tax in respect of one vehicle registered with them at the choice of the taxpayer.

Taxation in the Chechen Republic

RZ 10/13/2006 12/01/2018 Tax - no later than February 1 of the year following the tax period, advance tax payments - no later than the last day of the month following the expired reporting period. Transport tax rate for cars in the Chechen Republic for 2018 Name of the object of taxation Rate (rub.) Passenger cars with engine power (per horsepower): up to 100 hp.
With. (up to 73.55 kW) inclusive 7 over 100 l. With. up to 150 l. With. (over 73.55 kW to 110.33 kW) inclusive 11 over 150 l. With. up to 200 l. With. (over 110.33 kW to 147.1 kW) inclusive 24 over 200 l. With. up to 250 l. With. (over 147.1 kW to 183.9 kW) inclusive 48 over 250 l. With. (over 183.9 kW) 91 Motorcycles and scooters with engine power (per horsepower): up to 20 hp. With. (up to 14.7 kW) inclusive 3 over 20 l. With. up to 35 l. With. (over 14.7 kW to 25.74 kW) inclusive 6 over 35 l.

The nuances of paying transport tax in the Chechen Republic

New: Since 2016, changes have been made to the legislation, according to which restrictions have been introduced on the power of cars when providing benefits - the maximum engine power of a car has been set at 150 hp. Previously, tax exemptions for the above categories of citizens were provided for one vehicle without restrictions on engine power.

Old-age pensioners, labor veterans, combatants, large families do not have benefits for paying transport tax in the Chechen Republic. There are no additional car tax discounts.

Taxes and inspections in the Chechen Republic

That is, the transport tax for 2016, respectively, at the rates established for 2016, is paid before December 1, 2017, the car tax for 2017 - until December 1, 2018, and the car tax for 2018 - until December 1, 2019. The deadline for payment of transport tax for 2017 is until December 1, 2018. For information.
Since 2016, the deadline for payment of transport tax for individuals has changed - now the tax must be paid before December (previously, the payment deadline was set until October 1). Failure to pay taxes on time will result in penalties being assessed in accordance with current legislation.

On transport tax in the Chechen Republic (as amended: November 27, 2017)

Transport tax on cars in the Chechen Republic for 2018. Contents of the article

The transport tax in the Chechen Republic for 2019 includes the abolition of the zero rate on passenger cars in Chechnya with a power of up to 150 hp. But this applies to legal entities. In the Chechen Republic, individuals continue to pay reduced amounts for powerful cars.

This summer, the Chechen Tax Service submitted a request to parliament to raise the transport tax: it is considered the lowest in the republic. For cars with a power of up to 150 horsepower, the rate is 0. Highest - 15 rubles at 250 hp. and more. For example, the owner of a car with a capacity of 300 horsepower in this city pays a tax of about 4.5 thousand rubles per year. The same car in Moscow will cost from 30 thousand rubles.

Legal tax payers pay advance payments during the tax period, which are calculated at the end of the reporting periods in one-fourth of the product of the corresponding tax base, preferential rates and tax rates.

The reporting period for tax-paying organizations is the 1st-3rd quarters of the calendar year. Organizations calculate the amount of tax and the amount of advance payments independently. Payment of taxes and advance payments by taxpayers is made at the location of the vehicle to the budget.

The advance payment is paid no later than last day the month following the completed reporting period. Tax payments are made for the completed tax period by organizations no later than the first of February of the year following the completed tax period.

Citizens pay transport tax on their car after receiving a notification sent by the tax service. The cost of vehicle tax payable by citizens is calculated by the tax service taking into account the information provided in tax service bodies implementing state registration vehicles on the territory of the Federation.

Tax on payments for a car by individual payers in general procedure must be no later than the first of December in the year following the completed tax period, that is, at the rates of 2017, the tax is paid in 2019, and payment of the tax at the rates for 2019 is due before the beginning of December 2019.

There is an update: the deadline for payment of transport tax for individuals has changed since 2016 - now it must be paid before the beginning of December ( ahead of schedule installed before the beginning of October).

If the tax is not paid within the established time frame, this entails the accrual of penalties in accordance with the legislation in force for 2019.

Transport tax payment rate

The tax rate was set depending on:

• motor power;
• propulsion jet thrust;
• gross vehicle capacity;
• power per engine horsepower, etc.

Payment rates for other vehicles are as follows:

1. Scooters with motorcycles up to 20 HP. With. (for each strength) – 3 rubles; more than 20 l. With. – 6 rubles each; more than 35 l. With. – 15 rubles each.
2. Bus vehicles up to 200 l. With. – 15 rubles each; over 200 l. With. – 28 rubles each.
3. Trucks up to 100 horsepower – 9 rubles each; over 100 – 15 rubles; over 150 - 19 rubles; more than 200 - 26 rubles; over 250 - 34 rubles.

Taxes for other types of transport are also set depending on capacity. These include aircraft, snowmobiles, jet skis, water vehicles, etc.

How to calculate it yourself

You can calculate it yourself tax amount, if you use a calculator. To do this, you need to multiply the car power by the city rate. This will give you the average amount you need to pay. The final result may differ slightly from what the payer calculates, because the calculation also depends on the type of car and other factors.

Calculator for calculating your taxes this year:

Preferential discounts in the Chechen Republic on transport tax

The legislation of the region establishes preferential categories of legal entities and individuals who are exempt from paying car tax or pay less. The law clearly describes those people who do not pay tax.

From the payment in respect of one registered vehicle with an available engine power of up to 150 horsepower (which means 110.33 kW), the following benefits are given at the choice of the taxpayer:

1. Heroes of the USSR, Heroes of Russia, citizens awarded the Order of Glory degrees;
2. Heroes of Socialist Labor, citizens awarded the Order of Labor Glory degrees;
3. WWII veterans;
4. categories of citizens who were exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl disaster - Chernobyl victims;
5. disabled people of groups I and II;
6. persons recognized as victims of political repression of the USSR, including citizens among repressed peoples who were subjected to repression on the territory of the Russian Federation based on their nationality or other affiliation.

There is an update: changes have been made to the legislation since 2016, which introduced restrictions on the power of cars when providing preferential accounting - the maximum motor power of a car is set at 150 hp.

Benefits for old-age pensioners, labor veterans, combatants, large families on payment of tax on transport in the Chechen Republic are also given. Additional discounts There was no tax requirement for cars.

0cm;line-height:18.0pt;background:white"> The zero rate of transport tax on cars with a capacity of up to 150 horsepower has been abolished in Chechnya. But exclusively for legal entities. Individuals in the Chechen Republic continue to pay ridiculous amounts even for the most powerful cars.

This summer, Chechen tax officials asked parliament to raise the transport tax: it is the lowest in the republic. For cars with a power of up to 150 horsepower, zero rate. The highest - 15 rubles - for 250 horses or more.

For example, the owner of a car with a capacity of 300 horsepower in Grozny pays a tax of 4.5 thousand rubles per year. The same car in Moscow will cost 45 thousand rubles.

Comparison of transport tax in Moscow and Chechnya
Horsepower	Moscow	Chechnya
Up to 70	For free	For free
From 71 to 100	12 rubles	For free
From 101 to 125	25 rubles	For free
From 126 to 150	35 rubles	For free
From 151 to 175	45 rubles	5 rubles
From 176 to 200	50 rubles	5 rubles
From 201 to 225	65 rubles	7 rubles
From 226 to 250	75 rubles	7 rubles
From 251	150 rubles	15 rubles

0cm;line-height:18.0pt;background:white">

0cm;line-height:18.0pt;background:white"> They tried to increase taxes in Chechnya three years ago. It was hoped that this would then bring an additional 2.5 million rubles to the budget. But it didn’t work out. And this is the merit of local leaders, because it is the region that determines the payment for horsepower, notes State Duma deputy Vyacheslav Lysakov.

Vyacheslav Lysakov, deputy: The leaders of these regions were lenient towards their own car owners, so there are really very low transport taxes there. In almost all the rest, the transport tax rate is tied, as you know, to power, there maximum bet adopted in almost all regions, unlike other countries where the transport tax is almost symbolic.

In October, owners were allowedregister cars anywhere. An interregional technical inspection has appeared. There are no more problems with a car that has a license plate from another region. Question: will owners of powerful engines go to register in Chechnya or Dagestan?

It’s unlikely, says Gleb Vilensky, a member of the board of directors of the Delta assistance group: “People will not go to Dagestan, Chechnya, or other hot spots to register cars, because they will simply be afraid to part with them there. And in other regions, in some Black Earth Region, it is quite possible that people will specifically go there and register their cars. Now I already see a lot of numbers in Moscow that are not Moscow, and these are clearly people who live here permanently. When this phenomenon becomes widespread, surely this will be the norm tax legislation somehow transforms.”