Ministry of Transport plans to replace transport tax ecological, the Izvestia newspaper reported. Its amount will be calculated based on the amount of harmful emissions. Regional differentiation will be canceled - the size of the tax rate will become the same for the whole country. How the new initiative of the department will affect motorists and whether it will be introduced - in the material "360".

Photo: RIA Novosti / Vladimir Astapkovich

The transport tax in Russia can be replaced by an environmental tax, the Izvestia newspaper reported, citing sources in the Ministry of Transport. This initiative is carried out in accordance with the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2030. The expediency of such a change in the department will prove before the end of this year.

Now the amount of transport tax depends on several factors: regional rates, time of ownership of the car and its technical characteristics. For each motorist, it is calculated individually - you can find out the exact figure on the website of the Federal tax service.

The environmental tax will be calculated based on the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by the car. These indicators are indicated in the passport of any vehicle. Saving on tax by registering a car in another region will no longer work - the rate will become the same throughout Russia.

The Ministry of Transport has not yet formed a position on the introduction of an environmental fee - discussions are only at the expert level. “Accordingly, neither the government nor other interested departments from the Ministry of Transport have received any proposals yet. It should be emphasized that this is more of a tax issue than a transport policy,” Timur Khikmatov, head of the department’s public relations department, told 360.

“People drive old cars out of desperation”

If an environmental tax is introduced, owners of old cars will have to pay more, auto expert Igor Morzharetto explained to 360. The discussed initiative should push the Russians to buy better cars. An environmental tax on transport has been introduced in many countries of the world - in particular, Western Europe and Japan. “You have to understand that in Russia people don’t have economic opportunity to change old cars for new ones - their owners, as a rule, are pensioners and poor people. They drive such cars out of desperation,” said Morzharetto.

It is necessary to introduce such a fee with a great eye on the real situation. Such proposals arose more than once and the matter was never brought to mind. Because there has always been a question about pensioners and the poor. This idea is good, but in the current economic conditions she won't get through

Igor Morzharetto.

An environmental tax is a fairer measure than a transport tax, says Sergei Kanaev, chairman of the Federation of Russian Car Owners. “An environmental tax is a better solution, especially from the point of view of large cities, where 90% of pollution comes from motor vehicles,” he said in an interview with 360. The innovation will encourage people to buy not only new, but also environmentally friendly cars - hybrids and electric cars.

The question is that this does not turn into a regular fundraiser. If there is no incentive for people to actually buy greener cars, the system itself will not change. It is necessary for a person to form an understanding of the long-term perspective, so that he understands what to strive for. To make people understand that it is easier to buy an electric car for the next ten years

Sergey Kanaev.

The Ministry of Transport has taken the initiative to replace the existing transport tax with an environmental one - Izvestia writes about this. What will this innovation mean for motorists?

In Russia, they plan to introduce an environmental tax on cars, but it will hardly help to defeat smog in cities. Photo by Daria Selenskaya

Illogical tax

Now the vehicle tax depends on the engine power and the region in which the vehicle is registered. The collected funds mainly replenish regional road funds, that is, the tax is formally taken for the wear and tear of the road infrastructure by the car. Many note the illogicality of calculating such a tax depending on the power of the motor.

The authorities have already tried to systematize the transport tax, replacing it with fuel excises, so that those who drive more pay more. In fact, after the introduction of excises, the transport tax was never canceled - this would lead to a decrease in budget revenues by 140 billion rubles. Therefore, today the motorist pays for both power and mileage.

Replacing the transport tax with an environmental one implies serious changes. Firstly, there will be no regional binding and the tax will become the same for all of Russia. Secondly, it will be calculated in proportion to CO2 emissions.

And what about CO2?

Carbon dioxide, along with water vapor, is the main component of automobile exhaust. Its quantity is usually measured in grams per kilometer (g/km). De facto, the amount of CO2 is proportional to the fuel consumption (for a given type of fuel), and it is calculated exactly like this: average consumption fuel and recalculated for CO2 emissions.

For European cars, CO2 emissions are a passport value, which is indicated in the documents for the car and in many countries is used to calculate the tax. In fact, the Ministry of Transport proposes to copy the European principles of taxation with their tariffs.

By European standards, even the weakest Ford Focus is by no means the limit of environmental dreams.

For example, Ford Focus The 1.6 with a 105 hp petrol engine has a CO2 emission rating of 136 g/km. In the UK, for such a car you will have to pay 200 pounds of taxes per year (15 thousand rubles). In Moscow, the owner of such Ford Focus will give 2625 rubles as a transport tax.

Why is CO2 dangerous?

Carbon dioxide CO2 should not be confused with the notorious CO - carbon monoxide, which is controlled during vehicle inspection and is extremely toxic.

CO2 is practically harmless: it is “exhaled” not only by cars, but also by people themselves. It is vital for plants.

In Europe, CO2 is limited for two reasons. Gas is considered a greenhouse gas and, according to the now dominant concept, leads to global warming. Its dependence on fuel consumption allows taxing the most voracious cars, incentivizing the purchase of hybrids and electric vehicles.

But to Russian realities the term "environmental tax" will apply with a stretch. For most Russian cities, the problem is not so much the coming global warming, but the emissions of toxic components. This is facilitated by the archaic nature of the Russian car fleet, where about half of the 50 million cars are older than 10 years.

For the sake of clean air, in addition to fuel consumption, it would be more correct to take into account the environmental class of the car, which, by the way, is indicated in the registration certificate, in contrast to CO2 emissions.

But here a notorious dilemma arises, because the owners of the oldest and dirtiest cars are considered a sacred cow in Russia, as socially unprotected segments of the population. Therefore, carburetor cars, fuming minibuses and old heavy trucks are not subject to taxes "on dirtiness".

Residents of megacities are more concerned not with ghostly CO2, but with quite tangible smog. Photo by Daria Selenskaya

How much will we pay?

So far, the authorities are discussing only the very principle of taxation, and there is no information on tariffs. But it can be assumed that at the initial stage of a significant increase in taxes for average cars with a capacity of 70-150 hp. will not be. At the same time, owners of environmentally friendly cars with electric and hybrid drive will certainly be encouraged.

green fever

In Europe, restrictions on CO2 emissions have become obsessive and apply not only to individuals, but also to the automotive industry as a whole.

For example, the authorities take into account the average CO2 emissions for all cars produced by a given manufacturer, limiting them to "wholesale". The regulations are getting stronger every year, and by 2020 they will reach 95 g/km. It corresponds to an average fuel consumption of 4 l / 100 km.

Approximately such indicators are provided by a hybrid Toyota Prius or Kia Picanto with a liter engine. Companies are not prohibited from producing cars with more than high level emissions, but they must be balanced with the right amount of environmental "consumption". For example, now companies Audi t required to produce 27 gasoline Audi A1 1.4 TSI for every Audi A8 with a 550-horsepower engine, so that the final level of emissions is within the regulations.

For a long time, diesels, which provide reduced CO2 emissions, were considered a panacea, but after the scandal with Volkswagen the reputation of diesels plummeted.

Today, the main hope of manufacturers is connected with the transition to electric vehicles: cars without a classic internal combustion engine are being developed today by almost every major manufacturer, and Volvo and Jaguar Land Rover became the first companies to announce a full transition to electric vehicles and hybrids in the future 2-3 years.

Jaguar is preparing to release the stylish i-Pace, which is the company's first electric vehicle. In a few years, such cars will dominate the Jaguar lineup (and not only).

In environmental matters, Russia traditionally follows European countries, including paving the way for the transition to electric vehicles. The other day, Rosseti announced a large-scale development of a network of charging stations for electric vehicles, including in the capitals of the regions, in particular, in Chelyabinsk, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Samara, Belgorod, Pskov and others.

Is it getting harder for people, and the government comes up with new taxes? Soon in tax code will introduce an additional fee for car owners - environmental. Now owners of used cars will pay more because their vehicles do not meet global environmental standards.

Used cars are bought out of desperation. Would more money, car showrooms would not withstand the flow of customers. When buying a car, people do not pay attention to the environmental class of the engine. They are more concerned about its cost, the availability of spare parts and fuel consumption per 100 kilometers.

Now, when buying, you will have to take into account the harm caused to nature. To pay less about 10-year-old cars it is better to forget. Transport that meets international standards will pretty much shake the wallets of Russians. In such machines, innovative technologies are used that greatly increase the final cost.

What is an environmental tax on transport

It does not supplement the transport fee, but replaces it. Legislators decided not to levy a tax on car owners without exception, but made its size dependent on the technical characteristics of the car:

• the volume of emissions into the environment of exhaust gases released during the use of the car;
• the number of years that have passed since leaving the assembly line (age);
• the environmental class to which the purchased car is assigned.

Statisticians counted the number of cars 10 years old and older in operation. The data showed that more than half of the country's population uses such cars. They are in great demand in the Far East. The reason for this is nearby Japan. Local sellers have long debugged the sale of used vehicles from the Land of the Rising Sun.

In Russia, 50% of vehicles are assigned the 1st class of the European environmental standard, and some cars do not reach it at all. The owners of such machines may not suspect what damage they cause to nature. However, this will not save them from increased tax rates. To pay less, you will have to change the car to a modern one.

Despite the obvious advantages (protection environment and, as a result, a beneficial effect on the human body), the population does not approve of the introduction of a new tax. It oppresses car owners of used cars. They already have little money, so the operation of personal transport will still increase.

The size of the environmental tax will exceed the transport tax. As the class assigned to the machine decreases, it will grow. The projected increase in the tax rate will be 10 times.

In Europe, environmental charges for cars have been around for a long time. They are also included in former countries Soviet Union, for example, in the Republic of Belarus. Russia did not take advantage of Western experience earlier due to the backwardness of the automotive industry and low level life of the majority of the population.

Payment of environmental tax on transport in 2017

The formula for calculating the amount paid to the Tax Service includes indicators of the power of the engine installed in the car. The resulting value decreases or increases depending on the region of registration of the vehicle. The final amount of the environmental tax is affected by the state of the environment, the number of cars local population and road condition.

When applying the tax rate, employees of the Federal Tax Service will pay attention to the following indicators:

• engine capacity;
• environmental class of the machine;
• car age.

The environmental tax was planned to be introduced in 2014, but the outbreak of the crisis prevented it. As the economy entered a stable phase of development, talk about saving the environment through financial impact measures resumed. By 2017, the introduction of the tax is almost a done deal.

Why is this being done? Cars aged 10 or more do more than just pollute the air. They are not safe for owners. Over time, mechanisms wear out, and modern technologies offer more life-saving options. After all, it all started with a cart, and then they didn’t know about seat belts and airbags.

In practice, the replacement of the fleet in Russia will take at least 5 years. It is expensive for middle-income people. Many see innovation as a way to undermine them. family budget. Among the arguments against the environmental tax are the following:

• multiple increase in the amount charged;
• an increase in the cost of operating used cars, for the repair of which, therefore, you have to constantly spend money;
• if the fleet of entrepreneurs is outdated, they will not be able to update it and go bankrupt;
• government spending will also increase, as publicly funded organizations will have to change cars.

Lucky owners of cars with electric motors. They do not pay environmental tax. Because it replaces the vehicle tax, they now owe the state nothing for using the car.

Calculation of modern transport tax

The tax collected from motorists is administered by the municipal government. On a nationwide scale, the amount of the transport fee is calculated according to the following principle:

• 2.5 rubles per horsepower - with an engine power not exceeding 100 hp;
• 3.5 rubles - from engines up to 150 hp;
• 5 rubles - for cars up to 200 hp;
• 7.5 rubles - for transport up to 250 hp;
• 15 rubles are the remaining cars.

The specified values ​​change according to the decisions of the authorities in the region. Due to this, depending on the place of registration of vehicles, the amount of tax on equivalent cars differs by 3 times. If there are no local installations, the listed federal rates apply.

For individuals, the tax is calculated by the Federal Tax Service and sends them appropriate notifications. This happens once a year. Some citizens calculate the fee on their own, using a special calculator on the website of the Tax Service.

There is no doubt that the introduction of an environmental tax will hit car enthusiasts. They are forced to buy new cars that are much more expensive than used ones. It remains only to save money or pay long-term loan to the state in the form of an increased fee for a personal car.

How to replace the transport tax

By the end of the year, the Ministry of Transport of Russia will submit to the Government of Russia a justification for the expediency of replacing the transport tax with the so-called environmental fee, the amount of which will depend on which environmental class the vehicle corresponds to.

The Ministry of Transport says that such a replacement fits into the framework of the Russian Transport Strategy until 2030 and should encourage citizens to use more modern, economical and environmentally friendly vehicles.

At the same time, if today the transport tax varies from region to region (for example, its rates differ several times in Moscow and the Republic of Crimea), then the environmental fee rate will be the same throughout Russia. The fact that such a proposal is indeed being prepared was reported to the Izvestia newspaper by sources in the Ministry of Transport and confirmed by the office of Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Government Arkady Dvorkovich.

Today in Russia, for new produced and imported cars, the Euro-5 environmental standard applies, while the EU countries have switched to the Euro-6 environmental standard. Prior to that, the Euro-4 standard was introduced in Russia, which became mandatory in Europe in 2005, while in our country it was introduced with a delay due to the unavailability of car factories. According to the Avtostat agency, 40% of the 49.1 million passenger cars registered in Russia meet Euro-4 and higher environmental requirements. However, in the commercial vehicle segment, this figure is much lower: more than 2/3 of trucks and about 60% of buses are over 12 years old. Therefore, replacing the transport tax with an environmental one can seriously help replenish regional budgets: if in large cities such as Moscow, St. Petersburg and others, most cars are modern and environmentally friendly, then in regional parks there is a high percentage of old cars.

The Ministry of Transport said that they are indeed discussing such an idea, but have not yet made any specific proposals to the Russian Government. Moreover, such a question is not only part of the environmental, but also tax policy states.

“The position of the Ministry of Transport has not yet been formed, and we have not yet proposed, respectively, to the government and interested departments or entities to consider this issue,” said Maxim Sokolov, head of the Russian Ministry of Transport, to RIA Novosti.

The idea of ​​tying a tax to an environmental class is not new. Back in 2013, the Ministry of Finance proposed introducing an appropriate coefficient to the transport tax, replacing it with a link to engine power. Despite the fact that at that time the proposal was supported by the Ministry of Industry and Trade, it was never accepted.

• This summer, the head of the Federation Council, Valentina Matvienko, proposed to abandon the transport tax altogether and replace it with increased excise taxes on fuel.
• Dmitry Medvedev was also repeatedly asked about the abolition of the transport tax. Each time he answered that the regions would suffer from this, since they have. Why the same money will not be "grabbed" from the excise tax on gasoline, the prime minister did not explain.
• The idea of ​​increasing excise taxes on gasoline was put forward by Vladimir Putin back in 2013. He saw the problem then only in the fact that the regions have different levels of excises.

Photo: Anton Denisov/TASS Newsreel

The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation is considering the possibility of replacing the transport tax for cars with an environmental one. By the end of the year, the department will prepare a justification for the expediency of such a change. As sources in the Ministry of Transport told Izvestia, the work is being carried out in accordance with the Transport Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. This document provides for a reduction in the energy intensity of transport and a wider use of economical Vehicle.

The amount of the current tax is determined for each vehicle individually. It is paid once a year individuals and quarterly - legal. The size is calculated based on regional rates, engine power, make and model of the car, year of manufacture, time of ownership of the vehicle. Any citizen can find out the exact figure by entering this data on the website of the Federal Tax Service (FTS).

In the case of switching to an environmental tax, to calculate it, it will be enough to enter the design parameters of the machine for carbon dioxide emissions indicated in the passport of the technical equipment (PTS).

According to a source in the leadership of the Ministry of Transport, the discussed environmental tax, unlike the current transport tax, does not provide for regional differentiation. Now, when calculating the transport duty, not only the number of Horse power, but also the subject in which the car is registered. Each has its own tax rate. Some legal entities register vehicles in a region with reduced tax rate. For example, in Moscow for passenger car engine power over 250 hp transport tax rate for 1 hp is 150 rubles. And in the city of Ivanovo, this rate is 120 rubles. Thus, a company can register entity in a region with a reduced rate, and work in a completely different one, thereby saving on the difference.

Information about the discussion of such a proposal was confirmed in the office of Deputy Prime Minister Arkady Dvorkovich.

Work to improve taxation on this topic continues, - the press secretary of the deputy chairman of the government, Aliya Samigullina, told Izvestia.

At the Ministry economic development Izvestia was told that they had not yet read the proposal of their colleagues from the Ministry of Transport.

A source in the leadership of the Ministry of Transport said that along with a change in the taxation system, the regulation of the idle time of vehicle engines is being discussed. This will reduce fuel consumption and harmful emissions of vehicles at parking lots, stops, when the engine is warming up in the cold season and during forced downtime.

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A few years ago, various departments and political parties advocated complete abolition transport tax. The bill proposed by the Liberal Democratic Party even reached the stage of consideration in the State Duma. But the government reacted negatively to this idea, as it could lead to a decrease in income. federal budget more than 140 billion rubles.

RANEPA experts evaluated possible consequences initiatives of the Ministry of Transport.

In Moscow and large cities, the concentration of expensive and new cars is higher. But the tax on them may be lower than the existing one due to the higher environmental class. And in the regions there are a lot of old vehicles - for their owners the tax burden may increase. In general, in Russia, tax revenues to the budget may increase, - says Elena Pilevina, lecturer at the Institute of Business and Business Administration (IBDA) of the RANEPA.

According to the analytical agency Avtostat, as of July 1, 2017, the fleet of automotive vehicles in Russia amounted to about 50 million units. About 60% of the total number of cars are foreign cars, of which only 40% meet environmental standards of at least Euro-4. This standard was introduced by the European Union in 2005. In 2015-2016, the transition to Euro-6 took place in the EU. The prospects for the introduction of this standard in Russia are unknown.

Behind Lately manufacturers have improved the quality of fuel in Russia. If the modernization continues further, then the opportunity to switch to Euro-6 is quite real, - explained the professor of the department state regulation Economics Institute public service and management of the RANEPA Olga Malikova.

"Euro" - a series of environmental standards that regulate the content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases of cars and special equipment. They limit the permissible emission of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and other substances into the atmosphere. When a new standard is introduced, fuel manufacturers are required to comply with it, and the auto industry is required to produce cars that comply with it.