Modern industrial construction technology has long found a way to build the heaviest and tallest buildings on problematic unstable soils. Foundations on piles have been used in house building since time immemorial, but the star of pile construction truly rose with the invention of stressed reinforced concrete - the most durable and mass-produced material for constructing foundations on reinforced concrete (RC) piles.

What is the difference between a foundation installed on reinforced concrete piles and conventional supports?

Unlike bored or screw pile supports, foundations on driven reinforced concrete piles have a whole bunch of very attractive characteristics:

• Thanks to the reinforced structure, the reinforced concrete body of the pile is much stronger than the bored one. The design of reinforced concrete pile supports has been developed and optimized for high static and dynamic loads;
• Reinforced concrete piles are produced industrially using high-strength concrete and calibrated reinforcement. Unlike home-made bored piles, the production technology of reinforced concrete piles allows you to control the quality and geometry of the support;
• The fundamental difference from other types of supporting foundations is that piles are driven with a pile driver or driven into the ground to a given depth using a vibrating hammer.

For your information! Due to the large length and relatively smooth surface of reinforced concrete piles, piles can be easily installed in the coastal zone, on steep slopes, in marshy peat bogs, in frozen conditions, in places where screw pile and, moreover, the drilling machine will not be able to work normally.

In industrial construction, reinforced concrete supports are used to build foundations, which do not require additional preparation before installation. What does it mean? This means that for the construction of the foundation, a reinforced concrete product is used that has passed quality control, static load tests and, most importantly, high-strength concrete grades have been fully developed calculated value strength. Whereas bored castings, cast at the installation site, are difficult to control for defects.

Design of driven reinforced concrete piles for foundations of private housing construction

The shape and design of reinforced concrete piles are determined by GOST 19804.4-78. In industrial construction, pile supports ranging from three to eleven meters in length are used. For foundations of private housing construction, the most popular pile is the STs 3-30 model. This is a relatively small three-meter square pile support weighing 700 kg.

The driven support is made of high-strength cement grades and has steel reinforcement with hot-rolled reinforcement. One end has a pyramidal point, the dynamic safety factor is 1.5, which allows it to be successfully immersed in dense clay, rocky and frozen soils. The exception is rock and crushed stone embankments.

Construction of a foundation based on driven piles

The intensive development of industrial and private construction has led to the fact that the most comfortable and convenient sites for the construction of buildings in large cities and suburbs have been successfully “eaten up” by traditional forms of development. Steep slopes, ravines, and water-saturated soils with quicksand remained undeveloped. All this led to a situation where the use of foundations on piles exceeded the volume of construction on traditional strip foundations and MZLF by several times.

The main advantage of a foundation on reinforced concrete piles is its very high rigidity and stability, but before installation you need to pay attention to certain features:

1. When the support is hammered into the ground, the tip spreads and compacts the soil around the tetrahedral body of the support. Thanks to this, lateral pressure on the walls of the concrete body ensures high rigidity of the foundation even on relatively weak watery soils;
2. With the correct calculation of immersion conditions on a specific type of soil and selection of the power of a diesel pile driver, the number of supports required to form the foundation of one house - 50-60 pieces - can be driven in during one work shift;
3. The standard design of the pile support head allows concrete to be poured within a few hours after immersion to form a monolithic grillage. When using metal frames, fastening rolled metal to concrete supports can be done using standard anchor bolts.

For your information! To prevent heaving and possible pushing out of the pile, it is necessary to insulate the upper part of the reinforced concrete structure with expanded polystyrene, as well as the soil around it with a backfill of expanded clay and sand.

In addition to the obvious positive qualities, reinforced concrete foundation piles also have their disadvantages. After installing the pile support, the deformed and compressed masses of soil continue to press on the lower part and on lateral surface pillar Even if the installation depth exceeds the freezing level, high lateral pressure often pushes the pile out of the ground. Most often, northern regions suffer from this problem, which combines a large freezing depth and high level groundwater. In such conditions, it is necessary to use piles of at least six meters in length for the foundation.

Features of installing reinforced concrete piles under the foundation of a brick house

Despite the obvious simplicity of driving reinforced concrete piles under the foundation, installation of driven reinforced concrete structures requires preliminary detailed soil exploration for future construction. You can’t just come to the area and try to hammer a reinforced concrete support into the thickness of the soil with a powerful diesel hammer. Therefore, such work should be carried out by companies specializing in the construction of foundations on reinforced concrete piles.

The cost of driving one meter of pile with a cross section of 150x150 will be 500-550 rubles. If the nature of the soil requires the use of special methods of stimulating the supports, the cost of installation may double. Today, the cost of the smallest pile STs 3-30 is from five thousand rubles with delivery to the area and installation. If we compare the cost of installing a reinforced concrete pile under the foundation and a bored one, the cost of the latter will be 2-2.5 times less. If you calculate the number of reinforced concrete supports for arranging the foundation and compare it with the required number of bored ones, then they will be required approximately 2-2.5 times less.

With approximately the same labor costs, a foundation installed on reinforced concrete piles will be much stronger and more durable. Average term According to experts, the lifespan of a building built on such a foundation can reach 100 years. In addition, a self-propelled hammer is capable of lifting and driving a pile within 5-10 minutes. When building a bored support, even using a drill press, it will take at least two hours of work to complete.

To build a foundation on reinforced concrete piles, you will need to build a so-called pile field. This is a certain number of supports installed in accordance with the design of the future building in the locations of load-bearing and main walls. For small pile supports, small diesel hammers and pile drivers can be used. For longer ones, six meters or more, you will need a crane and an impact machine with a guide mast and a double-action hammer.

The installation of reinforced concrete piles must be accurately calculated by a specialized specialist. With the correct selection of parameters, the installation process is quite simple. The pile is hung in a vertical position on a driving mast, installed on the ground, and driven into the soil by blows from the head of a diesel hammer.

As the depth deepens with each blow, the rate of settlement first increases and then begins to decrease. As the design depth is approached, the movement of the support slows down until failure occurs. In construction slang, this is the name for the submerged state of a reinforced concrete pillar, in which after 10 hammer blows the head of the pile support remains motionless. This means that the soil around the concrete body is so compacted that it is able to provide the bearing capacity of the support with a calculated stability margin.

In case of an error or incorrect assessment of geology, the supporting element may fall to a depth exceeding the calculated one, or, conversely, stop half a meter - a meter before design point. Most often this occurs due to the tip of the pile getting into deposits of fine dry sand. In this case, the construction of the foundation is stopped for ten to twelve days and work continues after the “rest” of the pile support.

If foundation construction is carried out on heavy soils or at very low temperatures, leader drilling may be used before installing supports. To facilitate the immersion of the pile, a well with a diameter of 50-60 mm less than the cross-section of the pile support is drilled at the place of its installation, to a depth of 90% of its immersion level. In addition, the well can be filled with clay emulsions, solutions that facilitate friction between concrete walls and rock layers.

Final operations on the foundation

When forming a pile field Special attention refers to removing the horizontal plane from the clogged supports. Most companies use laser levels and horizon level sensors for these purposes. This makes it possible to obtain a plane from the pile heads with a surface height fluctuation of 3-5 mm on a 10-meter plan. It is almost impossible to achieve such precision manually using stretched cords and threads. Further arrangement of the foundation, as a rule, is associated with the installation of a pile-grillage frame made of wooden beam, rolled metal or casting into formwork.

Conclusion

The negative aspects of installing a foundation on piles include the operation of a pile driver or vibrator. Frequent shock or vibration caused by construction equipment is not only a cause of dissatisfaction local residents, and often leads to damage to the foundations of nearby buildings.

A pile foundation is a durable structure that allows, through piles, to transfer the load of a structure to incompressible layers of soil located quite deep.

This is especially true when the soils are weak (peaty or marshy). In order for the foundation to support the weight of the building, it must rest firmly on solid ground. The rule applies here: the larger the base area of ​​the structure, the less its pressure on the soil.

To calculate the load on each support, the weight of the entire structure is calculated at the design stage. The resulting indicator is divided by the number of piles installed.

The racks are loaded with the load that they will have to withstand. A sign that the support has reached the solid layer and is ready to withstand the given load will be when it stops moving deeper.

Driving reinforced concrete piles is impossible by hand. To do this you will need a pneumatic hammer. The number and frequency of supports varies and directly depends on the total weight of the structure. But they must be installed under the proposed walls, at the intersection of walls and in corners.

Upon completion of driving, the heads of the supports are trimmed at an equal height. Then the construction of the structure begins.

What are driven piles

Driven piles are rods with a square cross-section and one pointed end, made of reinforced concrete. They are immersed into the ground using the impact method. The foundation on driven piles is strong and demonstrates good technical characteristics.

This type of piles is a reliable and stable foundation with maximum load-bearing capacity, which, in comparison with the installation of TISE and screw foundations, is more stable and durable.

Hardwood timber piles can also be used for this type. They are made from oak, pine, ash and other hard varieties, the hardness of which can be determined using the Brinell method.

Often screw blade piles are replaced with pipes with a cone-shaped tip. Driven pipes have better load-bearing capacity than piles installed using the immersion method. Even though structures of the same size are used, the driven-in elements show better strength characteristics.

Manufacturing requirements

The production of piles of this type is regulated by the provisions of the State Standard, which indicate that the grade of concrete must have a strength of 300 kgf/sq.cm.

Concrete with such indicators is considered heavy when tested for strength and compression.

They are used for the construction of durable buildings, runways and road overpasses.

When constructing other types of foundations on piles, a solution with lower technical characteristics is used.

This also applies to the construction of structures on bored piles or TISE.

Frame and wooden houses on driven piles

Log house on a pile foundation

To construct a pile foundation for wooden or frame buildings, piles 3 or 4 meters long with a diameter of 150 or 200 mm are used. That is, a smaller diameter is selected than for heavy brick structures of several floors.

This size is considered sufficient for the pile to enter a solid layer of soil and for the foundation to acquire the necessary bearing capacity.

However, the use of this type of piles is problematic due to the need to purchase appropriate small-sized equipment for driving them.

The use of heavy devices is prohibited by safety regulations and SNiPs. To carry out the work in accordance with the requirements specified above, a certain size of the construction site is required.

Thus, the nearest building must be at least 25 meters away.

Carrying out foundation work

The good thing about a foundation on driven supports is that it can be used for any soil, including weak soils: mobile, peaty or swampy.

Preparatory activities:

• clearing the construction site of vegetation;
• delivery of parts of the installed structure;
• marking the foundation to be installed.

Pile installation

The driving process is carried out as follows. The element is installed vertically with the head directed upward. The coincidence of the tip and the axis is checked. Then the driving process itself begins.

The impact part of the hammer is lowered, and the frequency of driving each pile is calculated first at 1 meter, then at 0.1 meter increments until “failure”. Average“failure” is calculated by the number of blows to the base of the element.

When the hammer hits, the penetration is measured and the load-bearing capacity of the structure is determined. This makes it possible to prevent shortcomings during further construction.

At this stage, it is possible to provide for voids, stones and other obstacles in the soil. If the pile encounters any obstacle during the driving process, a false failure may occur. Accordingly, this type of foundation is not applicable for constructing a pile foundation in rocky areas.

Another possible scenario is when, in the presence of voids in the ground, the structure sinks heavily after the impact. In this case, the bearing capacity of the foundation is significantly reduced.

Throughout the driving process, the accuracy of the breakdown of the pile structure must be verified.

Conclusion

Disadvantages of a pile foundation

• When arranging a foundation on stilts, you need to think about how to insulate and finish the basement.
• If the soils at the construction site are swelling or subsiding, the stability characteristics of the foundation can be significantly reduced.

If it is necessary to give the structure greater strength, use the construction of a pile foundation with a grillage. Such grounds can be divided into:

• slab-pile type;
• pile-tape type.

When installing these two types, some space is left between the ground and the tape. A layer of sand, crushed stone or gravel is backfilled under the tape.

It prevents the soil (in case of heaving) from resting against the grillage. In addition, if there is this gap, the grillage will not lift the foundation upward.

The same method is used for the slab version of the pile foundation.

Materials for the manufacture of pile supports

Wooden - driven piles with low moisture resistance, and metal products have lower load-bearing capacity.

Such elements are made from steel pipes, channels, etc.

Their main advantage is their light weight compared to others.

Such supports can be driven deep enough, gradually increasing their length.

Reinforced concrete piles have a square cross-section and have a pointed end with a steel shoe.

For low-rise buildings, micropiles up to three meters long are used.

Advantages of reinforced concrete piles

• Good indicator load-bearing capacity and load tolerance without reducing performance characteristics.
• Long term service - about 100 years.
• They sink tightly into the ground.
• Increased strength due to design features– internal reinforcement.
• High moisture resistance, fire resistance, resistance to changes in atmospheric pressure.
• Convenient storage. Products are stored in stacks and do not require any special conditions.
• They are quickly installed, beneficially reducing the time for preparatory and installation work.

It must be remembered that before starting immersion and driving, all supports must be thoroughly cleaned of dirt.

Purchased supports must be provided with supporting documents confirming compliance with established standards, information about the manufacturer, the quality of concrete, the date of manufacture of a specific batch, etc.

Good products are those that have a smooth surface without cracks or chips.

Reinforced concrete piles for a private house

A foundation on stilts for a private house is one of the popular ways of arranging the foundation. In some geological conditions, this type of construction is optimal and recommended. At the project development stage, pre-design surveys are analyzed. Complex engineering work allows you to get full view about the development site, which in turn contributes to a detailed calculation of the future structure.

A pile-driven foundation for a private house requires some atypical work, but in the end it allows you to get an excellent result. If the calculated technical indicators are observed and the established materials are used, the foundation for the house is built quickly and is highly durable.

Foundation on driven reinforced concrete piles

Reinforced concrete piles are foundations that represent one of the most durable types of foundations. It is characterized by high load-bearing capacity. The stability of the structure is ensured by the passage of moving layers and emphasis on hard rock. The basis for dividing pile foundations into types is the material from which the supports are made. According to this, they distinguish:

1. Reinforced concrete piles of industrial production.
2. Bored supports.

To install driven piles to the point of its vertical location and subsequent immersion, it is necessary to use special construction equipment called a pile driver. are created exactly at the laying point, by pouring solution into the created well.

The main situation in which one should resort to a pile-rammed foundation is one in which there are unstable soils on the building site. , in this case, cannot provide the necessary stability of the future structure, since the soil layers do not have sufficient strength. There is a need to reach a solid foundation, which is why pile foundations are used.

The design of a pile foundation consists of supports driven into the ground, which are buried to a certain depth or until the pile fails when driven. In addition, a special tape structure called a grillage is created around each support. It encircles the contour and performs the task of linking all the supports into a single element. By equipping the grillage, additional resistance to horizontal ground movements is created, as well as uniform distribution of the load created by the building.

And the specific type is determined depending on the parameters of the structure and the type of piles. For bored supports, it is permissible to use a prepared beam or rolled metal channel, as well as an I-beam. In rare cases, a monolithic grillage can be created - in a situation where the future structure has a large mass and a complex configuration. For driven piles, exclusively monolithic grillage options are used.

Pile foundations are among the universal foundations that can be used for the construction of buildings and structures of any type and complexity. For a specific object, a set of calculations is performed in order to establish exact parameters for construction. When designing, detailed data on the geological structure of the site is required.

Construction of a foundation on driven piles for a private house step by step

Driven piles for a private house are a reliable and durable option for constructing a foundation. With the help of pile drivers, installation is carried out in a short time and with high quality work.

Pile-driven foundations can have several options for project implementation:

1. The foundation is in the form of single piles, which are driven in as separate supports for the building.
2. The foundation is in the form of a stretched strip of piles, which is installed under the walls.
3. different scale for base plate equipment.

The preparatory stage, from which the implementation of the project begins, is a complex of construction and organizational work, the ultimate goal of which is to optimize construction and strictly comply with project standards. With competent and accurate implementation of all preparatory activities, it is possible to achieve full compliance with the project.

The construction of a pile foundation includes the following steps:

1. Preparing the building site. At this stage, it is necessary to clear the construction area of ​​debris and, possibly, remove the fertile horizon.
2. Realization of the design position of the supports. Depending on the complexity of the situation and the configuration of the foundation, this can be done either on your own using simple measuring instruments (tape tape), or with the involvement of surveyors who will mark the site using precision instruments and in a short time. It is important to accurately fix the position on the ground. To do this, it is convenient to move the design axes beyond the building site and secure them to the cast-off. After this, it is enough to pull the cord between the points and get the axis of the side of the foundation.
3. Test driving of piles. In the places established by the project, it is necessary to drive a test pile to assess the physical properties of the soil.
4. Driving piles. Using special equipment, it is necessary to install the pile at the designated point. After the support is brought into a strictly vertical position, the top of the support is fixed in the mechanism and the process of immersing the support to depth begins. Pile hammers are installed on different kinds machines and ensure rapid immersion of the support into the ground.
5. After all the piles are driven, you can proceed to trimming them. The heads of the supports should be on the same mark, which is easy to make using a level. With the help of pile cutters, jackhammers and other impact and cutting construction tools, only the head required for the project is carried out and remains.
6. Formwork is installed around the supports in accordance with the parameters of the base (width and height).
7. A skeleton made of reinforcement is knitted and secured inside the formwork. It is recommended to use solid rods with a diameter of 10-12 mm. The elements are fastened with knitting wire.
8. Upon completion of the formwork equipment, they proceed to pouring concrete.

A house on a pile foundation is able to withstand high loads and maintain structural integrity. Therefore, the foundation is on reinforced concrete piles for a private house they are used not only if it is geologically justified, but also on stable soils. The technical characteristics of this foundation ensure the reliability of the entire structure.

How to achieve a vertical position of the pile

When constructing a pile field and driving each support, it is important to maintain strict verticality of the structure. This ensures full realization of the practical value of the piles.

After securing the pile in the mechanism of the pile driver, it rises to a nearly vertical position. After one end of the support is installed at the driving point, it is necessary to adjust the verticality of the support. If the pile hits at an angle, then there is a high risk of its destruction, and the quality of immersion will be significantly reduced. If the deviation is not large, the strength characteristics of the foundation will decrease, which is critical for massive buildings and structures.

Depending on the dimensions of the pile, there are several options for controlling verticality:

1. If the pile is small, then you can use a regular hydraulic level, which is applied to all sides of the structure and allows you to bring it into the required position.
2. For large supports, special geodetic instruments, such as an electronic total station, should be used. With its help, an experienced surveyor will install the pile with an accuracy of fractions of millimeters and with minimal deviations from the vertical.

Driven piles are used throughout the world. Their practical value and efficiency have ensured widespread use for solving problems in the construction of private houses and large structures.

IN present time When building a house, many people prefer to install the foundation on. They give the building greater strength and stability, and are completely inexpensive for builders. Let's look at what this type of foundation is, and is it possible to build a concrete pile with your own hands?

Advantages and disadvantages

Pile foundations have advantages and disadvantages. Among the positive characteristics are the following:

• Foundations with concrete piles can always be installed with your own hands, regardless of the time of year, climate, or weather conditions.
• Concrete piles are installed in any terrain, be it a plain, a hilly area or even a steep slope.
• One of the advantages of a pile foundation is also quick installation. It is possible to install piles in a couple of days, or even less.
• Another advantage of such foundations is their low cost, since they do not require a lot of various additional materials.

The disadvantages of a pile foundation include the following:

• A house on stilts cannot have a basement.
• This type of base is not suitable for installation under multi-story houses, as well as other massive structures. She simply can't stand them. Moreover, when constructing any objects with pile foundations, it is extremely necessary to calculate the entire load on the foundation of the house.

What grades of concrete are used?

Often, when pouring a pile foundation under a house, they prefer to use heavy concrete grade m 500. The types of solutions used in this foundation also depend on what type of piles is planned:

• Non-standardized driven reinforced concrete, bored supports are made from B15 concrete mixture.
• A driven reinforced concrete pile with inserted reinforcement must contain B22.5 concrete mortar.
• During construction, hydraulic structures It is preferable to use concrete a grade higher than the mortar used to connect the prefabricated parts.

Types of piles

The following types of house are distinguished:

Based on the method of deepening into the soil

Based on interaction with soil

• Rack piles that are supported by rocky soils.
• Hanging supports - supported by compressible soil.

Let's take a closer look at some types of pile foundations for a house.

Driven piles

• Conventional padded structures. Inventory pipes with a closed bottom hole are installed in the soil by hammering, pressing or screwing. Then the solution is gradually placed inside the wells with pipes, and the pipes themselves are slowly removed.
• Vibro-stamped piles. They are mounted inside pre-punched wells using a device with a vibrating hammer at the end.
• Stuffed inside a stamped well. Before their installation, pyramidal or cone-shaped wells are dug and filled with concrete mortar.

Drilled piles

Reinforced concrete piles

This type of foundation for a house is found cast, as well as prefabricated.

• Cast reinforced concrete supports are produced with a square or rectangular cross-section. Square ones meet with a rounded recess. A steel rod is placed inside the monolithic supports, the length corresponding to the pile itself. If the reinforcement is carried out across the support, low-carbon wire or wire rod with a five-millimeter diameter is used.
• Prefabricated reinforced concrete supports, as a rule, have a tubular shape and are assembled from several parts. Such a pile is installed already assembled.

Installation of reinforced concrete supports is carried out using auxiliary equipment: mobile cranes with hammers for supports, vibrators, and pile drivers.

Installation of concrete supports for the foundation

Before installing piles, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the soil and find out whether underground flows are present here. Then the required number of supports and future load are calculated.

Next comes marking the plan and drilling the soil. If necessary, a small ball of sand is poured into the well and a frame sheet is mounted. When the reinforcing mesh has been installed, you can pour concrete mortar inside. The work will completely harden in 20 days. Only then can construction continue.

Based on all this, we can conclude that building piles with your own hands, without outside help and tips, is not an easy task. However, long efforts, practice, and the availability of the necessary equipment do their job. Watch master classes and video lessons from other builders. After all, they also studied once. And now they are masterfully able to lay any foundation with their own hands in a short time. With great desire and patience, you will also learn how to install pile foundation with your own hands.

Concrete foundation piles are a solid or metal-reinforced rod made from high-strength mortars, placed in the ground to provide stability and reliability to the foundations of residential buildings and industrial facilities. Their scope of application includes the construction and strengthening of foundations on soft soils, in areas with increased seismic impacts, and in areas with uneven terrain. Installation features include the need for special equipment.

Depending on the design and installation method, there are:

• Driven reinforced concrete piles are monolithic or prefabricated structures placed using impact hammers, presses or vibration equipment without excavation.
• Hollow (shell) products installed in a pre-arranged hole.
• Rammed - reinforced concrete poured into a pre-prepared vertical well. Of all the varieties, these are best suited for DIY construction; the only equipment required for them is an earth drill.

The cross-sectional shape, dimensions and types of reinforcement may be different. All foundation piles are united by the use of high-quality concrete and steel. The reinforcing frame is of prestressed and non-prestressed type, the rods are arranged longitudinally.

Main characteristics

The main indicators include:

• Strength, depending primarily on the brand of concrete used. The minimum class is B7.5, but for driven piles it is much higher and reaches B30 (M400).
• Frost resistance - from F.
• Moisture resistance – from W.
• Load-bearing capacity – up to 60 tons, depending on dimensions.
• Dimensions and weight.

Standard markings include the type of structure (for example, S and STs - universal solid and composite with a square cross-section, SG - rectangular, SK - hollow round, SO - shells), length and width of the pile, tip type and information about the pattern and type of reinforcement. All initial characteristics remain unchanged throughout the entire service life; for reinforced concrete it reaches 100 years and above.

Features of application

The variety in assortment and size allows you to choose piles for foundations made of concrete and reinforced concrete for any climatic zones and soils. The main function is to form the foundations of houses under construction and strengthen and repair those already in use. Driven types have maximum stability; load-bearing capacity increases due to soil compaction under the lower end. All structures are placed strictly vertically according to a pre-designed diagram, the dimensions are selected taking into account soil parameters - the bottom of the support must reach stable layers.

The features taken into account include the need to use high-quality products, the need for a grillage for the foundation and the prohibition on installation using impact equipment near existing buildings (the recommended minimum distance to neighboring houses is 15 m). Most of the difficulties are associated with the significant weight of reinforced concrete: transporting and unloading requires appropriate equipment (pile driving rigs, trolleys) and the presence of convenient access (if it is not available, cranes and tracked vehicles are used). The same applies to the need for strictly vertical placement, which is impossible without winches and hydraulic supports.

Advantages of piles

The clear advantages include:

1. Long service life - up to 100 years without the need for planned or major renovation. But such durability is ensured only if it is installed correctly.

2. Strength, wear resistance and reliability. When choosing the right design, reinforced concrete piles can withstand the weight of multi-story buildings, their load-bearing capacity reaches 60 tons.

3. Resistance to corrosion, ground and atmospheric moisture, and chemicals.

4. Versatility, unlimited climatic range of application. Driven products made of reinforced concrete are used along with metal screws, even in areas with unthawing soils.

5. High stability. Laying a foundation on piles allows you to reach immovable layers of soil, regardless of their depth, and rest on them with the highest possible load-bearing capacity.

6. Fire resistance.

7. Minimal sensitivity to pressure changes. The piles withstand and redistribute both the supporting transverse loads of the foundation and the lateral ones.

8. Conducting construction on slopes and areas with difficult terrain through the use of products of different lengths.

9. Fast installation speed due to the use of special equipment and vibration equipment, the possibility of laying the foundation of a building in the cold season (for all types except for cast-in-place ones and those filled with concrete mortar).

10. For driven structures - compaction of the soil around the support when it is immersed.

The limitations taken into account include massiveness and large sizes piles, delivery by our own transport, as well as installation with our own hands, is practically impossible, according to at least for supports for residential buildings.

Nuances and main installation steps

The choice of a specific technology for immersing a support into the ground depends on its type; driving requires the provision of a statistical or dynamic effect on the head while supporting the vertical position of the pile itself. For this purpose, the following are used: hydraulic, diesel and other mechanical hammers, pile drivers, vibratory hammers. Preference is given to the latter; the effect of fastening in the ground from gradual immersion is stronger, and the risk of damage is less than in the case of driving with a percussion tool.

Stages include:

• Preparation of the site, marking the field according to a pre-drawn diagram. At this stage, it is important to clear the area of ​​plants and, if possible, level it. The driving locations are marked with reinforcement, and the geometry of the future base is checked using a cord and level.
• Delivery and unloading, movement around the construction site.
• Use of lifting and driving equipment. At this stage, the piles are lifted and installed vertically (the level is controlled and maintained using hydraulic supports). Then they are immersed: driving one product takes only a few minutes, all supports for the foundation are in the ground in one day. At this stage the level is constantly monitored.
• Preparation for strapping: attaching metal sheets to the head or crushing the top to connect to the frame of the future grillage. At this stage, it is important to level the height of the piles and bring them to the same level.

Further work depends on the degree of depth and type of grillage; in case of significant weight loads, it is laid from prefabricated or monolithic reinforced concrete, the latter option is considered the most reliable. The technology for driving and laying cast-in-place or hollow piles is different - at the first stage, soil is excavated. Concrete works possible only in the warm season, organize heating of the base in in this case extremely difficult. It is allowed to begin the construction of the base no earlier than the solution reaches strength. The same condition is observed when pouring the grillage.

Prices for reinforced concrete products for arranging a pile foundation

Name	Length, mm	Section, mm	Reinforcement order	Concrete grade	Weight 1 lm, t	Price, rubles
Driven piles with square section
From 40.30-6	4000	300/300	6	M200	0,92	3200
From 50.30-8	5000		8		1,15	3990
From 60.30-3	6000		3		1,38	3990
From 70.30-8	7000		8	M350	1,6	5680
From 80.30-6	8000		6	M250	1,83	6190
C 100.35-6	10000	350/350	6		3,1	12630
From 120.35-9	12000		9		3,73	16050
The same, with a prestressed frame
From 80.30-10.1	8000	300/300	10	M250	1,825	10500
The same, increased impact resistance
From 90.30-6.1у	9000	300/300	6	M350	2,05	9830