Monolithic products
The design features of monolithic products provide for their mandatory reinforcement. Monolithic structures reinforced with a steel frame are called reinforced concrete structures.
Reinforcement of products performs the function of a "rod", on which the entire monolithic structure rests. The reinforcing structure (hereinafter referred to as the reinforcing cage or simply fittings) depends on the purpose and loads that the monolithic product will carry.
As reinforcement reinforced concrete structures individual rods and wires, wire bundles and packages, welded meshes, flat and three-dimensional frames are used.
Embedded parts constitute a special group of reinforcing products. If the reinforcing cage in the finished product is embedded in concrete, then the embedded parts come to the surface of the concrete and serve as a link between the frame and products, which, if necessary, will be attached to this reinforced concrete structure.
IN in general terms You now imagine what monolithic reinforced concrete structures are. What is a reinforcing cage, specifically for the landing, we will consider below.
Reinforcing works
Reinforcing work should be carried out in accordance with the requirements and recommendations of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures", GOST 19292-73, "Instructions for welding reinforcement joints and embedded parts of reinforced concrete structures" SN 393-78, "Guidelines for the production of reinforcing works "TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy-1977. And other active normative documents.
The manufacture of the reinforcing cage and mesh must be carried out according to the drawings and have the exact location of the elements to be welded. The replacement of the reinforcing steel provided for by the project by class, grade and assortment is agreed with design organization.
Technological process the manufacture of a reinforcing cage provides for:
straightening and cutting of steel reinforcement, wire supplied in coils with a diameter of 3…14 mm and in bars with a diameter of 12…40 mm into rods of specific length;
straightening (bending) and butt welding of rods to the required size;
welding of meshes and frames;
pre-assembly (welding and wire tying) of volumetric reinforcing blocks;
transportation and installation of frames at the construction site.
The reinforcement cage of the monolithic section No. 3 for the landing is made according to the dimensions indicated on the diagrams (see Fig.).
Note:
Steel of class A-III with a diameter of 12-20 mm - steel of a periodic profile (in rods).
Steel class A-III, diameter 8 mm - smooth fittings (in coils).
Table 1: Reinforcement specification for the frame of a monolithic section of a landing
| Position brand | Designation | Name | Weight, in kg | Consumption, in linear meters | Note |
| 5 | GOST 5781-82 | Armature dia.8 A-III | 35 | 106 | to one site |
| 6 | GOST 5781-82 | Rebar dia.12 A-III | 5 | 7 | Same |
| 7 | GOST 5781-82 | Rebar dia.20 A-II | 14 | 7 | Same |
| Concrete class At 15 | 0.5 m3 |
The mesh must be welded by spot welding. For the frame, reinforcement is used according to the specified table:
Cross crossings of reinforcement bars mounted individually, at their intersections, established in the project, should be fastened with a knitting wire. In the reinforcing cage, there should be no dangling, crossing and broken wires. The wire should fit snugly against each other.
Corroded wire (or reinforcing wire in coils) is not allowed to be used. A wire is considered corroded if the rust cannot be removed by wiping.
Attention! To avoid injury and fire safety —
Only persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone special training (builder welder) and have a permit to perform welding work are allowed to perform welding work.
Concrete works
Before performing concrete work, it is necessary to install scaffolding and formwork under the monolith. For the principle of formwork installation, see the section “Arrangement and dismantling of formwork for a monolithic slab”.
Concrete work should be carried out in accordance with the requirements and recommendations of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures". The composition of the concrete mixture, preparation, acceptance rules, control methods and transportation must comply with GOST 7473-85.
Reinforcement and formwork should be cleaned of debris, dirt and flaking rust before concreting. The surface of the wooden formwork adjacent to the concrete must be moistened. Close the gaps formed during the installation of the frame in the formwork flooring.
Before installing the frame on the formwork, linings (crackers from cement mortar) must be fixed, providing the necessary gap between the reinforcement and the formwork to form a protective layer of overlap.
Attention! Mounted reinforcement must be secured against displacement and protected from damage that may occur during the concreting of the slab structure. It is forbidden to use linings from rebar scraps, wooden blocks and crushed stone.
The concrete mixture must be laid into the structure in horizontal layers of the same thickness without gaps, with a consistent direction of laying in one direction in all layers. When laying the concrete mix, methods should be used that exclude its delamination.
Compaction of the concrete mixture is carried out with a vibrator, which during operation must not be supported by reinforcement. It is possible to stop vibrating only after the appearance of cement laitance on the surface.
In places where the density of the reinforcement or the location of the formwork prevents the compaction of the concrete mixture by vibration, the mixture is bayoneted (compacted with a metal rod, "bayonet").
Note: It is allowed to compact the concrete mixture with a surface vibrator if the thickness of the concrete mixture layer in structures with double reinforcement does not exceed 120 mm.
Ceilings monolithically connected with vertical structures (walls, columns) are concreted 1-2 hours after these structures are concreted. Working seams must be arranged in the middle third of the spans of the slab.
Attention! During breaks in the laying of the concrete mix, vertical shields should be temporarily installed in the places of the alleged breakage. In this case, concreting should be brought up to these shields.
After a break, the concrete mixture is laid on the surface of the working joint, previously cleaned of dirt (cement film) and washed with water, provided that the strength of the previously laid concrete is at least 15 kgf / cm2.
The top level of the mix to be laid must be 50mm below the top of the formwork panels.
Concrete work is carried out only at a positive ambient temperature.
Attention! It is not allowed to restore the mobility of the concrete mixture to the required consistency by adding water at the place of its laying.
If cracks appear on the concrete surface after its laying due to plastic shrinkage, it is allowed no later than 1 hour after the completion of concrete laying, its repeated surface vibration.
Concrete curing and maintenance
When maintaining the laid concrete in the initial period of its hardening, it is necessary:
maintain a temperature and humidity regime that ensures an increase in the strength of concrete;
protect hardening concrete from impacts, shocks and other mechanical influences;
protect hardening concrete from exposure to wind, direct sunlight and systematically moisten.
Note: During the initial care, direct contact of the hardening concrete with water is not allowed (i.e. cover the concrete from moisture in case of rain).
Moistening should be carried out on curing concrete by spraying at a frequency at which the surface of the concrete during the curing period would always be in a wet state.
Concrete surfaces that are not intended to be monolithically bonded to concrete or mortar in the future should be covered with film-forming compounds or protective films instead of covering and watering.
The open surface of the structure should be covered with a solid panel over the entire area, the edges of the panel should fit snugly against the side surfaces of the concrete.
In order to eliminate the time-consuming operation of moisture maintenance of concrete and accelerate its hardening, electrical heating of concrete is performed.
The termination of care of concrete is carried out in the evening. After the termination of maintenance, the concrete surfaces must be kept under the coating for another 2-3 days without additional moisture.
Attention! The movement of people on concreted structures, as well as the installation of scaffolding and formwork on them, is allowed only after the concrete reaches a strength of at least 15 kgf / cm2.
Stripping monolithic structures must be completed within the following times:
removal of side formwork elements that do not bear the load from the weight of structures (for a loggia, except for a landing and a beveled slab) - after the concrete has reached strength, ensuring the safety of the surface and edges of the corners when removing the formwork;
stripping of load-bearing reinforced concrete structures (landing and beveled slab) - after the concrete reaches strength and depends on the dimensions of the monolithic structure.
Hello!
But in this letter, I want to highlight important points that were not mentioned in the article.
First are working seams of concreting. As we imagine, the entire staircase will not be concreted at one time. The most likely option: first they will make platforms, and then they will fill in the marches. But due to the peculiar configuration of the structure, it is necessary to carefully consider the shape and position of the concreting joints in order to ensure the reliable operation of reinforced concrete.
Consider the bottom of the march. Everything is more or less simple here: you can make a horizontal seam, and as a result, the march will simply rest on the platform. Builders are also satisfied with such a seam: it is easier for them to make it than a vertical one.
But with the upper part there may be options. Let's consider three.
In the first case, we seem to comply with the requirement that the seam must be strictly vertical to the concreting surface. But even in appearance, this seam looks suspicious - one gets the impression that under the weight of the inclined march, the entire structure will eventually hang only on the reinforcement. I wouldn't recommend this stitch.
The second seam is a way out of the first situation. On the one hand, we violate the requirement for verticality, but on the other hand, the march has at least some support, and there will be no slipping of the march under its own weight.
The third joint is a solution that tries to satisfy both conditions: on the one hand there are vertical sections (within the concrete cover) that will prevent the occurrence of oblique cracks; on the other hand, the inclined section of the seam does not allow the march to separate from the site.
IN this case I will not recommend any of these seams, each of the solutions is not ideal. Just think carefully, use your design flair and make your choice. Or maybe you can come up with something better than this. In any case, do not forget that in such difficult situations, the designer is obliged to designate the seams of concreting, not giving them to the builders - they will not worry, they will do what is more convenient for them.
Second What I want to talk about is the support of platforms on the walls of the staircase. If the walls are monolithic, it is very inconvenient for builders to withstand the entire technological process described in the article to which I referred above:
“First, we expose the formwork for both marches and the platform, while the overlap should already be done, the reinforcement outlets from it are provided. After that, we lay the lower reinforcement of the marches and the platform according to the drawings, then the upper reinforcement of the platform. We install the formwork for the steps. We concrete either all at once, or with technological breaks, but then the working seams of concreting are carried out strictly in the places indicated on the diagram, in the span flight of stairs interruption of concreting is not allowed. Be sure to compact the freshly laid concrete mix by vibrating. Formwork should be dismantled after concrete reaches at least 70% strength.
Imagine: in order to concrete the walls, it is necessary to make technological breaks at the level of each site. They concreted the wall to the bottom of one platform, made a platform, concreted the walls to the bottom of another, made a platform again, concreted the march between them - and again in a circle. Of course, builders are beginning to look for a way out and offer their own options. Which of them can not be agreed?
The first option is to leave outlets from the walls for the platforms, so that later these platforms can be completed. Why is he bad? The fact that the concreting seam is performed in the most stressed place of the flight of stairs - in the place of support. This is absolutely unacceptable.
The second option is to leave niches in the wall, into which the site reinforcement will then be inserted; these niches will be concreted together with the site. What's bad about it? Firstly, such niches will never be concreted normally, and the concrete in them will not be compacted (I saw such amateur niches live - a depressing sight). Secondly, the site will no longer rest on the entire side, but will hang in small areas. But we must not forget that the site holds the entire march on itself, and this is not a small load.
In general, my advice to you: carefully consider all the consequences before agreeing to the proposals of the builders.
Third what I want to say: if you consider marches of non-standard sizes (far from typical ones), be sure to check for fluctuation. In the center of the march, apply a load of 100 kg, from which the march should bend by less than 0.7 mm. The marches dancing underfoot are not for the faint of heart. And correcting this mistake is more difficult than preventing it.
I wish you more time to think through the details!
Sincerely, Irina.
One of the most important stages in the construction of buildings, without which the construction process is practically impossible, are concrete works. It is concrete, used both in the foundation and walls or other parts of buildings, due to its extremely durable characteristics, that plays the role of the main support of the entire building.
This process takes a considerable amount of time, while requiring costs. a large number resources, including labor. Take it lightly concrete work- this means jeopardizing the successful completion of the entire construction. For this reason, the choice of a company that will carry out such work is a task no less responsible than the work itself. It is no secret that not every company providing construction services has professional specialists capable of working with concrete in a quality manner. This is the reason to seek help from the Russian Professional Construction Company, as we have extensive experience in such work, and the use of only high-quality materials and highly qualified professionals make it possible to guarantee that in the end the building will turn out to be reliable and durable.
The assurance that installation of ceilings, foundations, concrete paths and the like do not require any special knowledge, do not have the slightest foundation, since this requires taking into account the specifics of many factors that inevitably arise during construction. Therefore, even such a simple, at first glance, process as blind area device should only be done by qualified professionals.
The specialists who work in our company have extensive experience in carrying out this type of work. In addition, they have at their disposal all the necessary tools and modern technology, which is a guarantee of high quality concrete work, any level of complexity. We are able to guarantee the construction of really capital buildings, characterized by a high degree of reliability, not to mention excellent performance. In its turn concrete work quotes listed on our website will allow you to make the most optimal choice when ordering the relevant services.
You can see our latest projects.
concrete work quotes
| Name | Units | price, rub. |
|---|---|---|
| Manual mixing of concrete | m3 | 1000 |
| Installation of a monolithic ceiling for a cottage and other buildings (floor height - up to 3.0 m) | m3 | 2600-3900 |
| The device of a monolithic foundation of a cottage, a fence, etc. (double formwork, concrete up to 0.4 m thick) | m3 | 3200-3500 |
| The device of a monolithic foundation of a cottage, a fence, etc. (double formwork, concrete thickness from 0.4 to 0.7 m) | m3 | 3400-3600 |
| Installation of a monolithic concrete foundation under columns, with formwork up to 3 m | m3 | 3400-3600 |
| The device of monolithic foundation flat slabs with the manufacture of a reinforcing cage and the installation of formwork | m3 | 3300-4300 |
| Installation of small monolithic reinforced concrete grillages and foundation pads with laying and viscous reinforcement, assembly and disassembly of formwork and manual concrete preparation | m3 | 3800-4500 |
| Installation of strip foundations and basement walls from concrete blocks with mortar preparation and formwork assembly and disassembly | m3 | 3800-4650 |
| Device strip foundation: laying depth from 0.5 m under the sand cushion (bedding) | m3 | 3900-4400 |
| Installation of monolithic platforms for various purposes (entrance platforms, blind areas, paths) concrete thickness up to 0.2 m | m3 | 2500-3000 |
| Arrangement of monolithic reinforced concrete stair steps and landings with the manufacture of a reinforcing cage and the installation and dismantling of formwork | m3 | 2500-9800 |
| The device of a monolithic staircase "in concrete" (without finishing) | m3 | 2800-3000 |
| Installation of monolithic retaining walls | m3 | 1700-4300 |
| Concrete balcony device | m3 | 2100-2800 |
| The device of monolithic bowls of pools and small fonts (wall thickness up to 0.2 m) | m3 | 2800-3400 |
| The device of monolithic bowls of pools and small fonts (wall thickness from 0.2 to 0.4 m) | m3 | 2400-6500 |
| Strengthening the foundation and other building structures by pouring concrete | m3 | 3000-3600 |
| Concrete floors 200 mm sanded with trowels and grinders | m3 | 1200-1500 |
| Concrete floors 200 mm with topping (with hardened top layer) | m3 | 1500-1800 |
| Epoxy floors (including 200 mm concrete preparation) | m3 | 1800-2000 |
| Polyurethane floors (including 200 mm concrete preparation) | m3 | 2000-25000 |
| The device of reinforced concrete jumpers | PC | 600-800 |
| Installation of reinforced concrete partitions up to 3 m high, 200 mm thick with formwork and reinforcement | m3 | 3000-3750 |
| The device of reinforced concrete floors 200 mm thick with the installation of formwork and reinforcement | m3 | 2800-4650 |
| Arrangement of monolithic reinforced concrete foundations of glass type (for columns) with the manufacture of a reinforcing cage and the installation and dismantling of formwork | m3 | 3500-4890 |
| Concrete preparation device 100mm thick without mesh reinforcement | m2 | 180-240 |
| Reinforcement of concrete bases with mesh in 1 layer | m2 | 130-150 |
| Installation of piled reinforced concrete foundations d = up to 300 mm with the installation of asbestos-cement pipes, with the manufacture of a reinforcing cage | mp | 2400-3000 |
| Arrangement of monolithic reinforced concrete beams, crossbars, load-bearing columns with the manufacture of a reinforcing cage and the installation and dismantling of formwork | m3 | 2500-6900 |
| Arrangement of monolithic reinforced concrete walls of the basement and basement with the manufacture of a reinforcing cage and the installation and dismantling of formwork | m3 | 3000-5600 |
| Crushed stone and sand preparation | m2 | 80-100 |
| Crushed stone and sand preparation | m3 | 550-700 |
| Earthworks, excavation | m3 | 600-1000 |
Duration of foundation construction:
Depending on the complexity, it is built from several weeks to several months. It is better to start the foundation in late April, early May, when the ground warms up. It must be completed before the first frost. Further, experts recommend giving time to settle the foundation before the onset of next spring, so that it can fully gain strength and go through all temperature regimes during seasonal weather changes. If there are no defects in the spring, then you can confidently continue building the house. If defects are found, then it is necessary to find out the cause of their occurrence. (Is this type of foundation suitable for this soil? Is the manufacturing technology broken? Etc.) Usually, as a result of finding out the cause of the defect, its maintainability is clarified. As long as there is no house on the foundation, there are many opportunities to repair it. In the worst case, it is possible to dismantle this foundation and build a new one. And if the house is already standing, then this greatly reduces the choice of technical options for repairing the foundation and increases the cost of these works. And the option of building a new foundation, in this case, turns into building a new house and it is very expensive. Therefore, experts recommend taking your time and allocating one year for the construction of the foundation.
Arrangement of concrete paths and platforms with exposed aggregate texture.
Placement in the surface layer of concrete of large aggregate - gravel or small stones - gives a beautiful and practical finish. Spread the dampened aggregate evenly over the freshly laid mix and tamp it firmly with a block of wood so that its grains are flush with the surface. Lay a board across the formwork and level the surface with all your weight. When all the water has evaporated from the surface, use a watering can and a brush to wash off a thin layer of concrete so that the grains begin to protrude slightly above the surface. Cover the concrete for 24 hours, and then lightly wash the surface again to remove any remaining deposits or sediment from the grains. Cover the concrete again and let it harden.
For the SATORI company, monolithic works are one of the most important areas of work. Monolithic construction of residential buildings and structures has been actively implemented by our specialists for more than 15 years. In monolithic works we use modern equipment and the latest technologies, and all employees have the necessary level of qualification.
Why is it better to trust professionals to perform monolithic works?
Monolithic works are quite complex and time-consuming. They are carried out in several stages, require special equipment and high level employee training. Therefore, the construction of monolithic houses, buildings and structures should be carried out only by professionals. SATORI specialists have vast experience and necessary knowledge to perform the entire range of monolithic works and offer adequate prices for their services.
Types of monolithic works performed by SATORI
Foundations
Construction of frames and installation of ceilings
Construction of monolithic structures
Installation of walls, floors, elevator shafts, stairs, etc.
Thanks to the availability of the necessary equipment and the accumulated experience, SATORI specialists carry out monolithic construction of turnkey multi-storey buildings, monolithic-brick houses, as well as any other monolithic construction works. The construction of buildings is carried out using the latest technologies production of monolithic works and the use of modern reusable formwork.
Monolithic works at a favorable cost
The direction "monolithic construction of residential buildings and structures" is one of the highest priorities in construction recent years everywhere. For example, New Moscow prefers monolithic and monolithic-brick construction for more than ¾ of all construction volumes (78% in 2015).
SATORI Corporation has been actively engaged in the construction of buildings and structures from monolithic reinforced concrete since 1999 and has built quite a lot of beautiful and memorable buildings using this technology. This and residential buildings, and administrative buildings, social and sports facilities.
Among the large objects monolithic construction SATORI company can distinguish an extension gym school "Sambo-70", which is made in the style of ancient Roman forums. total area buildings 14000m 2 . The object became the winner of the competition "The best implemented project of 2012 in the field of investments and construction" in the nomination "Sports Facilities". The volume of monolithic work amounted to more than 50 thousand m 3 . Cooperation with SATORI guarantees you quality at affordable prices, efficiency and the acquisition of a reliable, permanent partner.
Monolithic sections between floor slabs
Before you decide to make monolithic sections between floor slabs yourself, soberly assess your capabilities, because this is serious painstaking work. But if you still decide to make a monolith between the plates yourself, then you have to go through the following installation steps.
Scheme of a monolithic section.
Surface preparation
At this stage, you have to make sure that at the right time you have at hand the right materials and tools. Therefore, oh availability must be taken care of in advance.
So, in order to make a monolithic section of the floor, you will need the following tools: a puncher, wood screws 90 mm long, threaded studs standard 2 m each, nuts, washers, open-end and cap wrenches, concrete drills for concrete, wood drills 90 cm long, screwdriver cruciform cue balls for a screwdriver of very good quality (good quality is required because the edges of low-quality cue balls are erased very quickly), a hook, a grinder with metal discs, a diamond-coated circular saw (for cutting boards along and across the fiber), an 800-gram hammer, sledgehammer up to 3 kg, steel nails 120 mm in size, tape measure #8211 2-3 pieces (tapes are necessary for accurate measurements, there should be a sufficient number of them, as they often break and are lost), carpenter's pencil, carpenter's angle 50 cm long, joiner's stapler with staples, level.
You will also need building materials: knitting wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm for tying frames, reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm, wire with a diameter of at least 6 mm, cement, gravel, sand, film 100-120 microns thick, boards 50x150 mm, boards 5x50 mm.
It is also necessary to take care of the means of protection in advance, because you and your assistants will have to work at a height of injury among nails, rebar and boards sticking out in all directions. For protection, you will need: gloves, closed shoes (construction boots or shoes made of thick fabric such as old-style military berets), goggles, a cap or helmet.
Structural calculations
Calculation of the prefabricated floor slab.
At this stage, you will need to make accurate measurements and calculations in order to know what and how much you will need. First of all, we find out what the floor slabs will be. To do this, we find out the width of the building and divide it in half, into two equal parts. We immediately determine where the stairs to the second floor will be, from which side the flight of stairs will rise, and only after that we calculate the size and number of floor slabs.
The length of floor slab #8211 is the width of the house divided by 2.
The width of the floor slab comes in three standard sizes: 80 cm, 1 m 20 cm, 1 m 50 cm.
Do not forget to take into account the gap of 7 cm between the floor slabs! The absence of a gap between the plates will complicate their installation and subsequently may cause deformation.
Monolithic section between two slabs 980 mm wide (download drawing in dwg format)
Sometimes you have to make wide monolithic sections between floor slabs. They must be calculated according to the current loads. The drawing developed a monolithic section with a width of 980 mm, based on two hollow core slabs. The conditions for such a monolithic section (loads, reinforcement principles, etc.) are detailed in the article Monolithic section between two prefabricated slabs.
Monolithic section between two prefabricated slabs
Such a monolithic section operates as a slab resting on adjacent prefabricated slabs. To do this, it has a working reinforcement curved with a trough, the diameter of which depends on the width of the section (the estimated length of the slab of this section) and the load on the ceiling. Longitudinal reinforcement is constructive, it creates a reinforcing mesh, but does not carry a load. An anti-shrink mesh made of smooth small-diameter reinforcement is also laid on top of a wide monolithic section.
The figure shows examples of reinforcement of two monolithic sections in housing (without any additional loads in the form of underfloor heating and brick partitions).
As you can see, the sections are of different widths, but when setting out to make a wide monolithic section based on slabs, you must always check whether the floor slabs can withstand it. This is the most important point in the construction of monolithic sections. The bearing capacity of floor slabs is different (from 400 to 800 kg / m 2 - without taking into account the weight of the slab).
Suppose we have two prefabricated slabs 1.2 m wide, between which there is a monolithic section 0.98 m wide. The bearing capacity of the slabs is 400 kg / m 2. i.e. one linear meter of such a plate can withstand 1.2 * 400 \u003d 480 kg / m.
We calculate the load per 1 linear meter of the slab from a monolithic section with a thickness of 220 + 30 = 250 mm = 0.25 m. The weight of reinforced concrete is 2500 kg / m 3. The load safety factor is 1.1.
0.25*1.1*2500*0.98/2 = 337 kg/m.
We divided by two, because. a monolithic section rests on two plates, and each of them accounts for half the load.
In addition to the weight of the monolithic section, we have the load on the slabs from the floor structure (140 kg / m 2), from the partitions (50 kg / m 2) and the temporary load from the weight of people, furniture, etc. (150 kg / m 2). Multiplying all this by the coefficients and by the width of the prefabricated slab, and adding the load from the monolithic section, we get the final load on each prefabricated slab:
1.3*140*1.2/2 + 1.1*50*1.2/2 + 1.3*150*1.2/2 + 337 = 596 kg/m 480 kg/m.
We see that the load turned out to be more than the plate can withstand. But if you take a plate with a bearing capacity of 600 kg / m 2. then one linear meter of such a plate can withstand 1.2 * 600 \u003d 720 kg / m - the reliability of the structure will be ensured.
Thus, it is always necessary to check the bearing capacity of the slabs depending on the dimensions of the monolithic section, the width of the slab and the loads acting on it.
Monolithic section of the overlap with an oblique angle. Reinforcing cage for a slab with a bevel. Concrete work for a monolithic slab with a bevel. Curing and maintenance of concrete.
Reinforcing works SNiP 3.03.01-87 load-bearing and enclosing structures, GOST 19292-73. Instructions for welding reinforcement joints and embedded parts of reinforced concrete structures CH 393-78. Guidelines for the production of reinforcing work. and other applicable regulations.
Concrete works should be carried out in accordance with the requirements and recommendations SNiP 3.03.01-87 Bearing and enclosing structures.
The composition of the concrete mixture. preparation, acceptance rules, control methods and transportation must comply with GOST 7473-85 .
During construction work reinforced concrete monolithic structures should follow the requirements SNiP 3.03.01-87 Bearing and enclosing structures and the relevant sections of the safety regulations given in SNiP III-4-80. working drawings and PPR instructions- project for the production of works.
1. Monolithic section of overlap with an oblique angle (UM-1).
In houses. where the construction plan envisages with corner wall transition at an angle not 90°, as usual, but, for example, 45° - floors performed in monolithic version .
You can, of course, take an ordinary reinforced concrete slab and use a jackhammer to knock out the desired bevel of the slab, and cut the reinforcement.
But this is fraught with the fact that if a reinforced concrete slab is made with a stressed reinforcing cage (and this is most often done at reinforced concrete factories - such a frame requires less reinforcement consumption), then in such a truncated form the slab will lose its bearing capacity. And then maybe right away burst during this cut.
NOTE: Stressed reinforcing cage is a frame, the rods of which clamped in a special form. and then, heating, pulling to the right size.
Further it welded with transverse frames. poured with concrete and dried in a curing chamber. Trimming rods from the fixed form was already performed when the plate was in finished form. Those. reinforcing bars in concrete stretched like guitar strings. Well, if the string breaks - you yourself know what happens.
Therefore, everything that does not fit into standard sizes industrial reinforced concrete products and structures performed in monolithic version at the construction site. In our version monolithic slab is continuation of precast concrete slabs .
2. Reinforcing cage for a beveled slab (UM-1).
Manufacturing reinforcing cage and mesh must be carried out according to the drawings and have the exact location elements to be welded. Replacement envisaged by the project reinforcing steel by class, brand and assortment agreed with the design organization.
Technological manufacturing process reinforcing cage provides:
- straightening and cutting steel fittings, wire. supplied in coils with a diameter 3…14 mm And in bars diameter 12…40 mm on rods of measured length
- editing(bending) and butt welding rods to the right size
- welding grids and frames
- enlargement assembly(welding and wire knitting) volumetric reinforcing blocks
- transportation and installation frames at a construction site.
Reinforcing cage of a monolithic section UM-1 performed according to the dimensions indicated on the diagram (see fig.). And it consists of mesh C-2 And two reinforcing cages K-1. interconnected reinforcing rods from the same steel A-III .
Reinforcing mesh necessary spot welding. For frame and mesh used fittings according to the specified table.1.
Table 1: Reinforcement specification for a monolithic floor slab frame.
Do-it-yourself creation of a monolithic section between the plates
-
- Installation of supports and formwork
- Formation of a reinforcing lattice
- Concrete mix and pouring
- Final Recommendations
The construction of a private house #8211 is a complex and time-consuming task, in which it is necessary to perform various types of work. For example, it may be necessary to fill a monolithic section between floors due to the fact that it is not possible to form a ceiling completely from slabs according to the project. This happens very often in cases of the formation of flights of stairs or, if necessary, laying various communication elements between the plates. It is quite possible to form a monolithic section between the plates with your own hands. Although this work is laborious, it is quite doable if you follow all building codes and regulations.
If it is necessary to lay various communication elements between the plates, you can form a monolithic section between the plates with your own hands.
In the process of forming a monolith section between floor slabs, it is important to correctly perform the following work:
- install supports and form formwork
- form a reinforcing mesh
- prepare concrete mix
- pour concrete correctly.
Correct execution of these types of work will create a solid and reliable section of the monolith between the floor slabs in the right place.
Necessary materials and tools
Given that the work on the installation of a concrete floor section consists of different stages, a number of materials must be prepared for each of them. The list of such materials may vary due to various factors, including how much distance between the plates needs to be filled. The default list looks like this:
A horizontal formwork support is laid on the wooden beams.
- plywood or boards to create a direct surface for pouring mortar and side formwork, building foil
- wooden beams or metal channels to create a horizontal support on which plywood or a plank pallet will be laid
- timber (120-150 mm), wooden beams or channel to create load-bearing supports for the formwork platform
- reinforcing bars (15-25 mm), tying wire, metal chairs for installing reinforcing bars at the required height (reinforced mesh can also be used)
- cement M400, sand, gravel, water for mixing concrete
- concrete mixer
- circular saw for cutting beams, boards, plywood, as well as metal reinforcing bars
- a shovel, a bayonet tool, a trowel or a rule for leveling the surface of the overlapping area between the slabs, a protective film for covering this area.
The amount of all materials depends directly on how much distance between the concrete slabs needs to be covered and what area as a whole is occupied by a monolithic floor area. Usually, in private houses, such a floor area is not very large, so its formation is not too difficult. However, at the same time, all the same, one should adhere to a clear phased approach and rules for working with building materials and designs.
Stages of work on the formation of a monolithic section between floor slabs
The monolithic section of the floor between the slabs is formed in approximately the same way as any monolithic floor. Given the small area of \u200b\u200bsuch a site, the work, of course, is simplified, but it is necessary to adhere to all building codes and rules. Therefore, no matter what distance between the concrete slabs is poured, all stages of work must be carried out carefully, on which the reliability of the monolithic structure created independently will depend.