Submission of complete and reliable accounting. Composition of financial statements and general requirements for it. What is accounting

Subject: Accounting Test Answers financial accounting

Tests in the discipline "Accounting (financial) reporting"

Topic 1. The concept of accounting (financial) reporting in Russia

a) external accounting (financial) reporting;

2. What is the name of the qualitative characteristic of accounting (financial) statements, in the presence of which the statements exclude the unilateral satisfaction of the interests of some user groups over others?

b) neutrality;

3. Specify what is meant by the reporting year?

a) calendar year;

4. What type of accounting is intended for collecting initial information used in accounting, statistical and tax accounting?

a) managerial;

5. Name the document of the fourth level of the regulatory system accounting and reporting in Russian Federation:

b) the order of the head of the organization "On approval of the forms of primary accounting documents";

6. What is the quantitative value of the criterion of materiality of information contained in financial statements?

c) 5 or more percent of the total of the relevant data.

7. What financial information contained in the financial statements is material to interested users?

a) one whose non-disclosure could affect economic decisions accepted by users on its basis;

8. What type of report is not included in the financial statements of organizations?

b) report of the executive body;

9. Indicate the information needs of creditors as users of the financial statements of organizations:

a) information about the ability of the organization to repay the existing debt and pay the appropriate interest on it;

10. What is the date of approval of the annual financial statements?

c) the date of its approval by the supreme management body of the organization.

11. What financial statements are considered reliable and complete?

c) one that is formed on the basis of the rules established regulations on accounting.

12. What are the reporting forms in without fail included in the interim financial statements?

b) balance sheet, income statement;

13. Interim financial statements include:

a) monthly and quarterly reporting;

14. When should annual financial statements be submitted to users?

a) within 90 days after the end of the reporting year;

a) period from date state registration legal entity until December 31 current year inclusive;

16. To what structures the organization is not obliged to provide a copy of its financial statements free of charge?

a) the state statistics body;

tax authority.

17. What reporting form the organization should reflect the debt of insolvent debtors written off at a loss?

a) in a certificate of the presence of valuables accounted for on off-balance accounts;

18. What form of annual financial statements contains the indicator "Basic profit (loss) per share"?

b) Profit and loss statement (Form No. 2).

19. In what form of annual financial statements is disclosed information on the availability, receipt and disposal of intangible assets by their types in the assessment at historical cost?

b) in the appendix to the balance sheet (form No. 5);

20. In what form of annual financial statements is disclosed information on estimated reserves?

c) in the statement of changes in equity (Form No. 3).

21. How are events after the reporting date reflected in the financial statements?

b) by disclosing relevant information in the statement of changes in equity (Form No. 3);

22. What information for the purposes of preparing annual financial statements refers to information about affiliates?

a) data on transactions between the organization preparing financial statements and affiliated persons;

23. An event after the balance sheet date is:

a) an event that took place between reporting date and the date of signing the financial statements for reporting year;

24. Information about conditional facts economic activity, the consequences of which are contingent assets, appears to be:

c) in an explanatory note.

25. The conditional fact of economic activity includes:

b) guarantees, guarantees and other types of obligations issued before the reporting date in favor of third parties, the deadlines for which have not come;

26. For the purposes of accounting, affiliates are:

A) individuals- employees of the organization capable of influencing the activities of other legal entities and individuals;

27. The consequences of events after the reporting date, confirming the existence at the reporting date of economic conditions in which the organization conducted its activities:

c) measured in monetary terms, reflected in synthetic and analytical accounting as the final turnover of the reporting period before the approval of the annual financial statements and disclosed in the explanatory note.

28. Terminated activity in the financial statements is recognized on the date:

a) bringing information about the decision to terminate activities to the attention of interested legal entities and individuals;

29. What additional obligations do the organization have as a result of the recognition of part of the activity as discontinued?

c) obligations for the early repayment of all received credits and loans.

30. What is the date of recognition in the accounting of the reserve for the organization's obligations in connection with the termination of part of the activity (to cover the costs of dismissal of employees, payment of fines and penalties under business contracts, etc.):

a) the last day of the reporting year;

31. What is the frequency of submission of financial statements by public organizations (associations) that do not entrepreneurial activity and having no turnover on the sale of goods, works, services (except for retired property)?

c) once a year.

32. Which organizations are required to submit a report on intended use received funds (form No. 6)?

b) public organizations(associations) that do not carry out entrepreneurial activities and do not have turnover for the sale of goods, works, services (except for retired property);

33. What normative act contains the definition and establishes the composition of the financial statements of the organization?

c) Regulation on accounting "Accounting statements of the organization" PBU 4/99.

34. Which of the following factors determine the features of the formation of financial statements:

b) organizational and legal form of the organization;

35. Continue the statement: "The financial statements are prepared taking into account ...":

36. The reporting date for the preparation of financial statements is:

a) the last day of the reporting period

37. Select from the list the option to continue the phrase: “The financial statements include ...”

c) property, liabilities and capital of the organization as of the reporting date, as well as information about events after the reporting date and contingent facts of economic activity.

38. Non-profit organizations have the right not to submit as part of their annual financial statements:

b) statement of changes in equity (form No. 3), statement of movements Money(form No. 4), and Appendix to the balance sheet (form No. 5) in the absence of relevant data;

39. In what year was the International Standards Committee formed? financial reporting?

b) in 1973;

40. Indicate the correct name of the documents developed by the International Accounting Standards Board:

a) international financial reporting standards and their interpretation;

Topic 2. Balance sheet

1. The balance of funds provided to the organization at the expense of budget sources reflected in the balance sheet as:

a) "deferred income";

c) "Additional capital".

2. In which section balance sheet reflects the amount of accumulated expenses for research, development and technological work?

a) "Capital and reserves";

b) " current assets»;

c) "Non-current assets".

3. What characterizes the balance sheet of the organization?

b) the financial position of the organization at the reporting date;

4. What is the main difference between the opening balance and the operating balance?

c) in the method of evaluating articles that characterize the economic means of the organization.

5. The balance sheet, in which there are no regulatory articles, is called:

b) net balance;

6. How many sections does the operating balance sheet include?

7. Depending on the source of compilation, the balance sheets are divided into:

a) inventory, book, general;

8. The balance sheet contains information on the financial position of the organization as of:

c) at the reporting date.

9. At what cost is depreciable property reflected in the balance sheet?

b) by residual value;

10. In what valuation are treasury shares repurchased from shareholders reflected in the balance sheet?

c) at the purchase price.

11. In what assessment is the debt on loans received by the organization reflected in the balance sheet?

b) in the amount of loans and credits actually received, taking into account interest payable as of the reporting date;

12. It is allowed to reflect in the balance sheet a “folded” account balance for accounts:

c) 09 "Delayed tax assets” and 77 “Deferred tax liabilities”

13. Which group of balance sheet items reflects the budget debt to the organization for value added tax?

14. The balance of which accounts is reflected in the balance sheet item " Finished products and goods for resale?

b) 41 "Goods" (minus the balance of account 42 "Trade margin") and 43 "Finished products";

15. Under what article of the balance sheet should the organization reflect the balance of account 07 “Equipment for installation”?

a) "construction in progress";

16. How should the accounts payable of the organization be grouped in the liquidation balance sheets?

b) in accordance with the order of satisfaction of creditors' claims established by law;

b) balance sheet;

18. How is the indicator of accounts receivable of buyers and customers determined in the annual balance sheet if the organization has accrued a reserve for doubtful debts?

c) based on the amount of receivables according to accounting data, reduced by the amount of the reserve.

19. On December 20, 2001, the organization received a bank loan for a period of 4 years. Under what item is the amount owed this loan should be reflected in the annual balance sheet as of December 31, 2004?

b) "Loans and credits (short-term)";

20. In the balance sheet are compared:

c) assets, liabilities and equity.

21. What accounting principle is implemented using the balance sheet?

b) property isolation;

22. The Russian standard form of the balance sheet assumes the location of assets:

b) in ascending order of liquidity (from less liquid items to more
liquid);

23. A feature of the consolidated balance sheet is:

a) inclusion in the balance sheet of data on the assets and liabilities of the organization's divisions allocated to separate balance sheets;

24. A feature of the operating balance is:

b) the presence of articles characterizing the distribution of income and expenses by periods;

25. The preparation of the annual balance sheet should be preceded by:

c) reconciliation of settlements with buyers and customers;

26. The indicator of debt of founders on deposits in authorized capital organization is reflected in a group of articles:

A) " Accounts receivable(payments for which are expected within 12 months after the reporting date)”;

27. Balance of balance account 29 " Service industries and economy" is included in the balance sheet item:

c) "Costs in work in progress."

28. The balance sheet of a production cooperative includes an item:

c) Mutual fund.

29. Which balance sheet item reflects the balance of the accrued reserve for the payment of upcoming vacations of employees?

b) "Reserves for future expenses";

30. Where is the cost of goods accepted by the organization for commission reflected?

c) in a certificate of the presence of valuables accounted for on off-balance accounts.

Topic 3. Profit and loss statement

1. What normative act provides the definition of reliable and complete financial statements?

b) in the Accounting Regulations "Accounting statements of the organization" (4/99);

2. Name the source of information for determining the indicator " Non-operating income» profit and loss statement (Form No. 2):

c) data analytical accounting on account 91/1 "Other income".

3. Name the source of information for determining the indicator "Other operating expenses" of the income statement (form No. 2):

a) analytical accounting data on account 91/2 “Other expenses”;

4. In what estimate in the profit and loss statement (form No. 2) is the organization's revenue from the sale of goods (products, works, services) for reporting period?

b) in net valuation, except for VAT, excises and similar obligatory payments;

5. When selling other property, the line "Other operating income" in the profit and loss statement (form No. 2) shall reflect:

c) proceeds from the sale of property minus value added tax.

6. Income in the form of dividends to be received from other organizations in the income statement (form No. 2) is reflected in the line:

b) income from participation in other organizations;

7. Expenses in the form of interest for the use of loans provided by other organizations in the profit and loss statement (form No. 2) are reflected in the line:

a) interest payable;

8. The line "Extra-operating income" of the profit and loss statement (form No. 2) reflects:

a) the profit of previous years, revealed in the reporting year;

9. How is the amount of contingent income tax expense determined?

a) by multiplying accounting profit(loss) before tax at the income tax rate;

10. How is the amount of basic profit (loss) per share determined?

b) as the ratio of basic profit to the weighted average number of ordinary and preferred shares;

11. Profit and loss statement (form No. 2) does not contain characteristics:

b) changes equity organizations for the reporting period;

12. Continue the phrase "Indicators of the income statement are formed on the basis of ...":

b) data on income and expenses recognized in accounting;

13. Profit and loss statement (form No. 2) does not include the section:

a) income and expenses ordinary species activities;

b) other income and expenses;

14. Specify the indicator included in the income statement:

A) current tax at a profit;

15. Specify the type of income included in operating income:

a) positive exchange rate differences;

c) interest receivable.

16. Extraordinary income and related expenses may be included in the income statement in a net form if they:

c) arose as a result of the same or similar fact of economic activity, and are not essential for characterization financial position organizations.

17. Net revenue from the sale of goods (products, works, services) is recognized
for the purposes of drawing up a profit and loss statement in an amount determined by
based:

b) the fact of shipment (sale), the terms of economic contracts (in terms of the transfer of ownership) and the provisions accounting policy in terms of determining revenue for tax purposes

18. Which of the following types of events after the balance sheet date can be included in the income statement?

b) detection after the reporting date of a significant error in accounting or violation of the law in the course of the activities of the organization, which lead to the distortion of financial statements for the reporting period;

19. What indicator links the income statement and the balance sheet?

a) deferred tax assets and liabilities;

20. In what reporting form is reflected the amount of commercial expenses of the organization?

b) in the income statement (Form No. 2);

21. What cost indicator can be reflected in the line "Cost of sold goods, products, works, services"?

b) actual production cost;

22. What is equal to the indicator business expenses trade organization, reflected in the line " Selling expenses» income statement?

a) turnover on the debit of account 90/2 “Cost of sales” and the credit of account 44 “Sales costs”;

23. What type of income and expenses of the organization is mainly disclosed in the Breakdown of individual profits and losses?

c) non-operating.

24. Profit received by the organization from participation in joint activities, admits:

b) operating income;

25. Profit and loss statement (form No. 2) is part of:

c) interim and annual financial statements.

Topic 4. Statement of cash flows

1. Cash flow statement (form No. 4) characterizes:

a) a change in the financial result of the activities of an organization that keeps records of income and expenses on a cash basis;

b) change in the financial position of the organization in the context of current, investment and financial activities;

c) change net assets organizations in the context of current, investment and financial activities.

2. What type of activity, for the purposes of compiling a cash flow statement, is the receipt of cash from the sale of finished products?

a) to current activities;

3. For the purposes of the cash flow statement, what type of activity does cash flow from the sale of property, plant and equipment relate to?

4. What type of activity, for the purposes of compiling a cash flow statement, is the outflow of cash in connection with the acquisition of intangible assets?

c) to investment activity.

5. How is the amount of the item “Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents” in the statement of cash flows determined?

b) by summing up net cash from the current, investment and financial activities of the organization;

6. Name those used in international practice cash flow statement methods:

c) direct and indirect.

7. Using the direct method, a cash flow statement is prepared:

a) on the basis of data on the receipt and expenditure of funds reflected in the cash accounts;

8. With the indirect method, a cash flow statement is prepared:

c) on the basis of data from the balance sheet, profit and loss statement and appendix to the balance sheet.

9. How is the net profit of the organization adjusted for the amount depreciation charges with the indirect method of compiling a cash flow statement?

b) net profit increases by the amount of depreciation deductions;

10. Which cash flow statement method is used in Russia?

a) straight

11. What activities are included in the cash flow statement
funds?

c) current, financial and investment activities.

12. Give the most precise definition. " Current activity- This …":

a) the main activity aimed at generating income, as well as other activities of the organization that are not related to investment and financial activities;

13. Give the most precise definition. " Investment activities- This …":

b) activities related to the acquisition (creation) of fixed assets, intangible and other non-current assets, the implementation of long-term financial investments, as well as the sale of these types of non-current assets;

14. Give the most precise definition. " Financial activities- This …":

a) activities that lead to a change in the size and composition of the organization's own capital, borrowed funds;

15. What items of the statement of cash flows ensure its linkage with the balance sheet?

b) cash balance at the beginning and end of the reporting period;

16. What cash flows do not relate to financing activities?

c) the use of money for wages.

17. Give the most precise definition. " indirect method preparing a cash flow statement is…”:

a) a variant of presenting the movement of cash flows in the form of a change in the values of the assets and liabilities of the organization, the change in which affects the financial result of its activities for the reporting period;

18. Cash balance at the end of the period in the Cash Flow Statement

b) always coincides with the balance sheet data at the end of the reporting period;

19. Activities in the cash flow statement are not classified:

b) as entrepreneurial;

20. Is it obligatory for the organization to submit a cash flow statement (Form No. 4) as part of interim financial statements?

Topic 5 . Consolidated and consolidated financial statements

1. How is the value of the item “Business reputation of subsidiaries” in the consolidated (consolidated) balance sheet determined?

a) as the difference between the balance sheet estimate of the parent organization's financial investments in the subsidiary and the cost estimate of the parent organization's share in the authorized capital of the subsidiary;

2. What income and expenses are not included in the consolidated (consolidated) profit and loss statement of the group when combining the financial statements of the parent organization and subsidiaries?

b) any income and expenses arising from transactions between the parent organization and subsidiaries, as well as between subsidiaries of one parent organization;

3. What data on dependent companies are included in the summary (consolidated) financial statements?

c) an indicator reflecting the value of the participation of the parent organization in the dependent company; an indicator reflecting the share of the parent organization in the profits or losses of the dependent company for the reporting period.

4. The financial statements of a subsidiary may not be included in the consolidated (consolidated) financial statements if:

c) the parent organization has acquired more than 50% of the share in the authorized capital of a subsidiary for a short-term period with a view to subsequent resale.

5. To what extent is the summary (consolidated) financial statements prepared?

a) reporting includes a consolidated balance sheet and a consolidated income statement;

6. Who signs the summary (consolidated) financial statements?

a) the head and chief accountant of the head organization;

7. Summary (consolidated) financial statements are submitted:

c) founders (participants) of the parent organization.

8. Where is the item “Business reputation of subsidiaries” located in the consolidated (consolidated) balance sheet if the balance sheet value of the financial investments of the parent organization in the subsidiary exceeds the nominal value of the share of the parent organization in the authorized capital of the subsidiary?

c) in the section "Non-current assets".

9. Where is the item "Minority interest" in the consolidated balance sheet?

b) after the result of the section "Capital and reserves";

10. How is minority interest determined for a consolidated income statement?

a) based on the amount of retained earnings (loss) for the reporting period and the share not owned by the parent organization in the authorized capital of the subsidiary;

11. When is the summary (consolidated) financial statements prepared?

b) no later than June 30 of the year following the reporting year or within the time limits established by the constituent documents;

12. If the parent organization has only dependent companies, then the consolidated financial statements are prepared:

b) is not compiled;

13. A minority interest in the consolidated balance sheet arises:

a) when acquiring less than 100% of the capital of a subsidiary;

14. What normative act establishes the procedure for compiling consolidated reporting?

b) Regulation on accounting "Accounting statements of the organization" PBU 4/99;

15. What is the difference between consolidated financial statements and consolidated financial statements?

V) summary reporting combines reports on the parent organization and its subdivisions allocated for separate balance sheet; consolidated - the parent organization and its subsidiaries and dependent companies.

16. What share of participation of the parent organization in the authorized capital (voting shares) of another organization is the basis for recognizing the latter as a subsidiary?

17. Individual reporting Which of the following organizations should be included in the consolidated financial statements?

b) subsidiaries, shares in which are acquired by the parent organization for a period exceeding one year;

18. Participation in dependent companies is reflected in the consolidated balance sheet as part of the indicator:

a) "Long-term financial investments»;

19. The calculation of the actual participation of the parent organization in dependent companies can be presented as follows:

b) the sum of the value of financial investments (actual costs of acquiring a share in a dependent company) and the share of the parent organization in the financial result of the dependent company from the moment of investment (cumulative total);

20. The indicator of the minority share in retained earnings ( uncovered loss) is reflected in the following forms of consolidated financial statements:

b) in the consolidated balance sheet and income statement;

21. The indicator of the minority share in the authorized capital is reflected in the following forms of consolidated financial statements:

a) in the consolidated balance sheet;

22. The minority share in the authorized capital of a subsidiary is calculated as:

c) work calculated value the authorized capital of a subsidiary and the share of participation in the capital of a subsidiary that does not belong to the parent organization.

23. Can the parent organization use standard forms of the balance sheet and profit and loss statement to prepare consolidated financial statements?

b) cannot;

c) may, with the consent of subsidiaries.

24. The indicator "Minority interest" is not reflected in the consolidated financial statements under the following conditions:

b) if the parent organization owns 100 percent of the charter capital (voting shares) of the subsidiary;

25. The consolidated financial statements disclose information on transactions between organizations that are part of a group of interdependent economic entities, except for information on the following transactions:

a) the parent organization with subsidiaries and between subsidiaries that are part of the same group of related organizations;

26. The parent organization preparing consolidated financial statements may prepare financial statements in the following format:

c) which the organization determines independently, taking into account the norms current legislation.

27. Specify the main users of the consolidated financial statements:

c) shareholders of the parent organization.

28. Reporting, compiled by the executive authority as a result of summing up the indicators of the financial statements of subordinate enterprises and organizations, is called:

a) consolidated;

29. The requirements for the preparation of summary (consolidated) statements of a group of related organizations do not include:

b) requirement of publicity;

30. As of what single reporting date in the Russian Federation is a consolidated (consolidated) balance sheet prepared:

Topic 6. Explanatory note - the text part of the accounting report

1. What parts do the explanations to the financial statements consist of?

b) statement of changes in capital (form No. 3), cash flow statement (form No. 4), appendix to the balance sheet (form No. 5), report on the intended use of funds received (form No. 6), explanatory note;

2. What is the main goal explanatory note to financial statements?

b) expand the capabilities of reporting users to use it to make management and investment decisions;

3. The explanatory note is not intended for:

c) disclosure of information about cash flows on current, investment and financial activities.

4. Which organizations may not submit an explanatory note as part of their financial statements?

a) public organizations (associations) that do not carry out entrepreneurial activities and do not have, except for retired property, turnover for the sale of goods (works, services);

5. What normative act most fully defines the composition of the explanatory note?

c) Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia “On Forms of Accounting Statements of Organizations” dated July 22, 2003 No. 67n.

6. Which section of the explanatory note is additional to the list of sections that ensure compliance with the minimum requirements for disclosure of information in the financial statements?

b) promising directions research projects funded by the organization;

7. What section should be included in the explanatory note only for joint-stock companies?

c) information about affiliates.

8. What is the specificity of the explanatory note to the financial statements of unitary enterprises?

b) the presence of the section "State assistance";

9. Which of the indicators listed below may not be given in the explanatory note?

a) basic and diluted earnings per share;

10. Scope of the explanatory note:

c) not regulated.

11. The accounting policy in the explanatory note is disclosed:

b) limitedly, indicating the changes applied from the next reporting year and assessing the impact of the changes effective in the reporting year compared to previous reporting periods;

12. Events that occurred after the reporting date are disclosed by the organization:

c) in the financial statements or in an explanatory note at the discretion of the organization.

13. In the explanatory note, information is presented:

a) in any convenient form;

14. The explanatory note is

c) an obligatory part of the financial statements.

15. When describing the solvency of an organization in an explanatory note, attention should be paid to:

b) the presence of overdue receivables and payables;

c) the total number of settlement accounts opened by the organization.

Topic 7. Segment reporting

1. Which organizations may not present segment information in their annual financial statements?

b) small businesses;

2. An operating or geographic segment is a reportable segment if:

a) Segment revenue from sales to external customers is at least 10% of the entity's revenue;

3. Who sets the entity's reportable segments?

a) is established by the organization independently, based on its organizational and management structure;

4. In what case is the number of allocated reportable segments considered sufficient to present information on segments in the financial statements?

b) if the reportable segments identified in the preparation of financial statements account for at least 75% of the organization's revenue;

5. Reportable segment income does not include:

a) extraordinary income;

b) revenue from operations with other segments;

c) income from the sale of fixed assets of the segment.

6. Reportable segment expenses do not include:

b) general business and other expenses related to the organization as a whole;

7. Reportable segment expenses include:

c) wages of production personnel.

8. Reportable segment liabilities do not include:

c) income tax debt to the budget.

9. Under what conditions are assets shared between two or more reportable segments allocated to those segments?

a) if income and expenses associated with the use of assets are distributed among the segments;

10. In what cases is the disclosure of information by geographical segments recognized as primary when reporting on the segments of the organization's activities?

b) if the risks and profits of the organization are determined mainly by differences in the regions of operation;

11. When choosing operating segments as segments that carry primary information, book value assets are distributed proportionally:

a) the amount of revenue (net) received from sales certain types goods (products, works, services);

12. The main purpose of segment information is to:

b) provide interested users with information that allows them to better assess the activities of the organization, the prospects for its development, exposure to risks of non-profit;

13. A good reason for an entity not to report segment information is that:

c) the organization does not have an expanded geography of sales of goods (products, works, services), as well as an expanded range of products.

14. An operating or geographic segment is considered to be a reportable segment if:

f) the assets of this segment amount to at least 5 percent of the total assets of all segments.

15. The reportable segments allocated in the preparation of the financial statements of the organization must account for at least:

b) 75% of the organization's revenue;

16. Can regions of the Russian Federation be considered as geographical segments?

c) no more than ten.

18. The revenue (income) of the reporting segment is:

c) part of the revenue related to intra-group turnover.

19. Reportable segment expenses are:

a) assessed property tax;

20. Reportable segment liabilities do not include debt:

c) income tax.

Topic 8. Distortions in financial statements. Methods for identifying and correcting errors. The role of audit in assessing the reliability of financial statements.

1. What financial statements are considered reliable and complete?

b) formed on the basis of the rules established by regulatory acts on accounting;

2. Continue the phrase: "Falsification of financial statements is ...":

a) the use of accounting methods not stipulated by law that do not meet the current requirements for reflecting the facts of economic life;

3 What is a technical error?

b) omission of the numerical value of the indicator in the balance sheet;

4. The organization accrued depreciation for July of the fixed asset put into operation on July 2 of the reporting year and used for management needs. What accounting entry should correct the error if it is discovered after the approval of the annual financial statements? c) Dt 02 Kt 91/1.

5. accounting records for what period are corrections made to accounting if an error made in the reporting year was revealed before the signing of the annual financial statements?

c) in December of the reporting year.

6. The study of changes in accounting indicators over several reporting periods using time series is called:

a) horizontal analysis;

7. What primary document is used to draw up corrective entries?

b) accounting statement;

8. The auditor's report is:

a) an official document containing what is expressed in prescribed form the auditor's opinion on the reliability in all material respects of the audited entity's financial statements and the compliance of its accounting procedures with the legislation of the Russian Federation;

9. In what case is the audit report included in the financial statements of the organization?

b) if it is in accordance with federal laws subject to mandatory audit;

10. When to fix accounting error additional entry used?

c) when indicated in erroneous entry the amount of a business transaction that is less than necessary.

Topic 9. statistical forms reports (on products, on labor, on the composition and movement of fixed assets, on costs)

1. Budget organizations, banks, insurance and other financial and credit institutions do not fill out the statistical reporting form:

a) form No. P-1 "Information on the production and shipment of goods and services";

2. Small businesses are required to fill out the following forms of statistical reporting:

a) only Form No. PM;

3. How can interested users receive the information contained in the statistical reporting?

a) from official publications Federal Service State statistics;

4. Section 3 “Movement of workers and proposed release” of the form statistical reporting No. P-4 "Information on the number, salary and movement of employees" is filled out:

b) increase. total since the beginning of the year;

5. Information on the status of settlements with organizations and enterprises foreign countries are given in:

c) form No. P-3 "Information on the financial condition of the organization"

6. What is the frequency of submitting form No. P-1 “Information on the production and shipment of goods and services”?

a) monthly;

7. When calculating which indicator given in the form of statistical reporting No. P-4 “Information on the number, wages and the movement of workers”, does not take into account the number of persons performing work under civil law contracts? a) the payroll number of employees;

8. What indicator of the income statement (form No. 2) corresponds to the profit (loss) received by the organization, given in the form No. P-3 "Information on the financial condition of the organization"? b) profit (loss) before taxation;

9. Information on what areas of financial investments is provided in Form No. P-2 "Information on Investments"?

c) the reporting entity's investment in financial assets and third party investments in the reporting entity.

10. In what form of statistical reporting are data on the release of goods, works and services assessed at actual selling prices?

Let us know.

1. Accounting credibility

The definition of the reliability of financial statements is contained in paragraph 6 of PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization” (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 06.07.99 No. 43n).

This paragraph states that accounting statements formed on the basis of the rules established by regulatory acts on accounting are considered reliable and complete.

In other words, reporting can be recognized as reliable only if, when compiling it, the organization complied with all the requirements established by the current legislation regarding the procedure for assessing, recognizing, reflecting accounting objects in accounting accounts and in reporting lines.

True, the same paragraph of PBU 4/99 contains a clause that if, when preparing financial statements, the application of the rules of PBU 4/99 does not allow you to form a reliable and complete picture of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position, then the organization in exceptional cases (for example, the nationalization of property) may deviate from these rules. Accordingly, in paragraph 37 of PBU 4/99 and in paragraph 4 of Art. 13 of the Federal Law of November 21, 1996 No. 129-FZ “On Accounting” clarifies that an organization is obliged to report in an explanatory note about the facts of non-application of accounting rules in cases where they do not allow a reliable assessment of the property condition and financial results of the organization’s activities with appropriate justification.

However, in practice, it is quite difficult to deviate from the rules, since the very wording of this “assumption” in paragraph 6 of PBU 4/99 is not flawless, since it contains a logical error. Indeed, how can compliance with the rules laid down in RAS 4/99 “not allow the formation of a reliable representation”, if the definition of reliability refers precisely to compliance with the requirements established by accounting regulations?

However, the official position is that only such reporting is considered reliable, which is compiled in accordance with all the requirements of all current accounting regulations.

Distortion of financial statements, i.e. incorrect reflection and presentation of accounting data due to violation of the established rules for its organization and maintenance, can be of two types:

1. Deliberate distortion of financial statements is the result of deliberate actions (or inaction) of the personnel of the audited economic entity. Such "mistakes" are made for selfish purposes to mislead users of financial statements.
2. Unintentional distortion of financial statements is the result of unintentional actions (or inaction) of the personnel of the audited economic entity. It can be the result of arithmetic or logical errors in accounting records, errors in calculations, oversight in the completeness of accounting, incorrect reflection in accounting of the facts of economic activity, the presence and condition of property without malicious intent.

Both intentional and unintentional misrepresentation of the financial statements can be material - that is, affecting the reliability of its financial statements to such an extent that a qualified user of its financial statements can draw erroneous conclusions or make erroneous decisions based on such statements - or immaterial.

However, there is currently no single concept of materiality. For example, according to Art. 15.11 of the Code of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses a material misrepresentation (gross violation of the rules for presenting financial statements) is a misrepresentation of any article (line) accounting form financial statements by at least 10%. And in paragraph 1 of the Guidelines on the procedure for compiling and presenting financial statements (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 22, 2003 No. 67n), in accordance with international practice, it is recommended to set the materiality threshold as an amount whose ratio to the total result of the relevant data for the reporting year is not less than 5%

2. Auditor credibility

In accordance with paragraph 3 of Art. 1 of the Federal Law of August 7, 2001 No. 119-FZ "On Auditing" the purpose of the audit is to express an opinion on the reliability of the financial (accounting) statements of the audited entities and the compliance of the accounting procedure with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

At the same time, reliability is understood as the degree of accuracy of financial (accounting) reporting data, which allows the user of these reporting, based on its data, to draw correct conclusions about the results of economic activity, financial and property status of audited entities and make informed decisions based on these conclusions.

In other words, reliability in an audit can be represented as a degree of probability (from 0% to 100%) of the omission or distortion of reporting data that affects the ability of users to make adequate economic decisions based on the results of reporting analysis. After all, if the degree of data accuracy is measured as a percentage (i.e., absolute accuracy is 100%), then there is an inverse value to it, that is, a measure of acceptable distortion. For example, if you specify that the degree of accuracy of the data should be 95%, then the acceptable distortion will be a value of 5%.

Such a measure in the audit is called the level of materiality and serves as a guideline for making a decision on the reliability of both the financial statements as a whole and its individual indicators. Therefore, if the auditor establishes that the amount of distortions in the financial statements (or individual indicators) exceeds the accepted level of materiality, he must conclude that it is unreliable.

It is no coincidence that paragraph 3 of Federal Rule (Standard) No. 6 “Auditor’s report on financial (accounting) statements refers precisely to reliability in all material respects, for the assessment of which the auditor must establish the maximum allowable deviations by determining the materiality of indicators for the purposes of the audit accounting and financial (accounting) statements in accordance with federal rule(standard) audit activity "Materiality in audit".

There is also no single methodology for assessing the level of materiality in the audit, so each audit firm should independently develop and approve its own methodology for determining the level of materiality as an internal company standard, taking into account that this indicator may be revised and refined at different stages of the audit.

3. Authenticity for real

So, at present, in Russia, the reliability of financial statements is made dependent on those established by law (in particular, in the accounting regulations adopted by the Ministry of Finance of Russia and Guidelines) requirements for the procedure for the preparation and content of financial statements. In other words, Russian accounting assigns the accountant the role of an executor of laws, regulations, decrees, letters and instructions and minimizes the possibility of using his professional judgment.

However, it is impossible to establish rules for all cases that arise in the practice of doing business. Therefore, it is not the rules and instructions that should be decisive, but the conceptual foundations and principles that allow the formation of a professional judgment on the reliable reflection of the actual situation that has developed at the enterprise in its reporting.

After all, following the rules Russian legislation, you can get unexpected results. For example, according to PBU 6/01 "Accounting for fixed assets" commercial organization may not more than once a year (at the beginning of the reporting year) revalue groups of homogeneous fixed assets at current (replacement) cost. In other words, each organization has the right to independently decide whether to revaluate its fixed assets or not, and in any case it will not violate the law.

Therefore, if the revaluation is carried out, and if the organization, in order to optimize the property tax, decides not to revaluate fixed assets at all, formally the content of the financial statements will fully comply with the requirements of the current legislation. And the auditors will have no reason to recognize the statements as unreliable in either case. Although it is clear to everyone that the balance sheet currency, and the structure of assets, and the value of net assets, and the value of many financial ratios will be different. And these indicators will be more realistic from an economic point of view if the revaluation is nevertheless carried out - after all, this is perhaps the only mechanism for taking into account the inflation factor when compiling reporting indicators in Russian system accounting.

Of course, changing the view of an accountant and an auditor on the concept of the reliability of financial statements is impossible without a corresponding change in the regulatory framework for regulating accounting and auditing. For example, in accordance with IFRS information is recognized as reliable if it truthfully reflects the economic activity of enterprises in all aspects, and also does not contain significant errors (distortions) and biased assessments. At the same time, reliability is closely associated with reliability, which, in turn, is provided by a combination of five characteristics or features: truthful presentation; the predominance of essence over legal form; neutrality; discretion; completeness. And it is the fulfillment of the requirements of IFRS that makes it possible to ensure a reliable, fair presentation of information in reporting, because the provisions of IFRS are based on a generalization of the best world experience in accounting in a market economy.

28. What Additional Information attached to the financial statements:

c) a list of debtor organizations;

29. What is a statement of changes in equity:

b) form No. 3 of financial statements;

30. What are the requirements for financial statements:

a) authenticity;

c) completeness of information reflection;

31. What is accounting reporting:

b) one system data on the property and financial position of the organization and on the results of its economic activity, compiled on the basis of accounting data;

32. The financial statements of the organization in economic practice are used as a base:

b) to assess the financial position of the organization by the main groups of users of accounting (financial) statements;

33. Organizations can prepare reports in the following forms:

b) approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia;

34. The main purpose of preparing financial statements is:

b) ensuring the usefulness of the resulting accounting information for users of financial information;

35. What are the distinctive features of financial statements:

a) compiled on the basis of synthetic and analytical accounting data, confirmed primary documents and inventory results;

36. The organization should report:

a) statistical;

37. What are the requirements for information disclosed in the financial statements:

a) reporting must fully and reliably reflect the property and financial position of the organization;

38. Reporting is considered reliable if it:

b) does not contain significant errors or biased assessments and truthfully reflects economic activity;

39. Reporting is considered comparable if:

a) its data for the periods preceding the reporting period are comparable with the data for the reporting period;

40. Accounting reports perform following features:

c) is an information base for making managerial decisions by the head of the organization.

41. What is the reason for the need to harmonize accounting for international level:

b) exit national companies on international market;

42. Expand the main areas of work on the harmonization of accounting:

b) regional, national, international;

43. What should a complete set include? annual accounts according to IFRS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements":

a) balance sheet, profit and loss statement, capital flow statement, cash flow statement, description of accounting policy, explanations for reporting;

44. A feature of the preparation and presentation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS is that:

b) the location of balance sheet items is regulated;

45. What is chosen as a benchmark for reform national system accounting:

b) the principles contained in the system international standards financial statements (IFRS);

46. What regulations regulate methodological approaches to the formation of financial statements:

b) PBU 4/99 "Accounting statements of the organization";

47. What is included in the annual financial statements in Russia:

c) balance sheet, income statement, annexes to them, an explanatory note, an auditor's report, if the organization, in accordance with federal law subject to mandatory audit

48. Basic requirements for the preparation of financial statements:

d) reporting must be reliable, complete, include performance indicators of branches, be based on data unified forms primary documentation synthetic and analytical accounting, compiled in Russian, in the currency of the Russian Federation and signed by the head and chief accountant of the organization.

49. From the list below, select the required details that, according to the instructions of the Ministry of Finance of Russia, must be present on all forms of financial statements submitted by the organization to the appropriate addresses:

a) full name of the legal entity;

c) the name of the constituent part of the financial statements;

e) an identification number taxpayer (TIN);

g) type of activity;

i) an indication of the reporting date or reporting period;

j) organizational and legal form / form of ownership;

k) unit of measure;

n) date of approval;

n) date of dispatch / acceptance.

50. Accounting statements provided to all users, including tax authorities:

b) must be identical in the composition of the forms adopted by organizations in the prescribed manner;

51. Accounting statements must be submitted:

d) on hard copy and with the consent of users in electronic form.

52. The requisite "location" (address) of a legal entity is indicated in:

c) balance sheet;

BALANCE SHEET

1. What amount of profit should be included in the balance sheet currency:

V) retained earnings

2. What value of fixed assets should be included in the balance sheet currency:

a) residual;

3. Intangible assets in the balance sheet should be reflected in the assessment:

4. The data of settlement accounts in the balance sheet must be reflected:

b) deployed;

5. The data of the balance sheet items can be checked by reconciliation with the data:

d) General ledger and registers of analytical accounting.

6. What does the presence in the asset of the balance sheet of the amount under the item "Accounts receivable" mean:

b) advances issued for the future supply of inventory items (goods and materials);

7. According to what document is the balance sheet compiled:

b) General Ledger;

8. To whom the balance sheet is provided:

b) the head of the organization;

9. What indicators are reflected in the balance sheet:

c) reserve capital;

10. The presence in the balance sheet of the item "Accounts payable" means:

d) bills payable.

11. Debt on received loans and credits in the balance sheet is reflected:

a) taking into account the interest payable at the end of the reporting period;

12. Financial investments in the balance sheet are reflected:

c) for a separate article in the composition of current, non-current assets, depending on the period of their circulation;

13. The article "Short-term financial investments" does not reflect:

d) own shares purchased from shareholders.

14. The composition of the article "Short-term financial investments" in the balance sheet includes:

b) certificates of deposit;

15. According to what article of the balance sheet are the received funds of targeted financing reflected:

c) deferred income;

16. What is the name of the total amount of assets and liabilities of the balance sheet:

b) balance sheet currency;

17. The left side of the balance sheet, designed to reflect data on the availability of funds of the organization, is called:

b) an asset;

18. What is the relationship between balance sheet items and accounting accounts:

a) straight line;

19. What sections does the balance sheet liability contain:

b) capital and reserves;

G) Short-term liabilities

20. What is meant by the term "net balance":

c) balance taking into account regulatory articles;

21. What is the attitude to economic means has an item "Losses" and where it is reflected in the balance sheet:

b) c section III balance;

22. Which articles are related to regulating:

c) trade margin;

d) depreciation of intangible assets

23. What objects are related to the sources of funds of the organization:

c) profit;

d) authorized capital

24. On which articles and in which parts of the balance sheet are the initial cost of fixed assets and depreciation reflected:

b) in section I of the balance sheet under the item "Fixed assets";

V) Initial cost- Depreciation of objects;

26. To which article should the accrued wages be attributed and in which section of the balance sheet the debt to the staff for wages is reflected:

d) to the article "Debt to the personnel of the organization" in section V of the balance sheet

27. Which section of the balance sheet reflects cash in the organization's cash desk:

a) "Current assets";

28. What is a balance sheet:

b) financial statements;

1. Formed in accordance with the rules established by regulatory enactments on accounting.

2. Formed in accordance with the rules established by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

2.6. To ensure the neutrality of the information provided
in the financial statements,(please indicate the number of the correct
veta):

1. Eliminate unilateral satisfaction of the interests of some groups of users of financial statements before others.

2. Through the selection or presentation of reporting information, influence the decisions and assessments of users in order to achieve predetermined results.

2.7. The requirement for the integrity of reporting information is that
what the organization should(indicate the number of the correct answer):

1. Include in the financial statements the performance indicators of all branches, representative offices and other divisions (including those allocated to separate balance sheets).

2. Do not include in the financial statements the performance indicators of all branches, representative offices and other divisions (including those allocated to separate balance sheets).

2.8. In accordance with the sequence requirement
reporting information from one reporting period to another or
organization should(indicate the number of the correct answer):

1. Adhere to the content and form of the balance sheet and income statement adopted by it consistently from one reporting period to another.

2. Ensure consistent reporting of the facts of economic activity.

2.9. Comparability of accounting data prior to
the current reporting period with data for the reporting period providing
ut(indicate the number of the correct answer):

1. By adjusting the data of the previous reporting period in accordance with the rules established by regulatory enactments on accounting.

2. By adjusting the data of the reporting period.

2.10. Comparability of financial statements dos
tipped(indicate the number of the correct answer):

1. The invariability of the forms of financial statements.

2. The invariability of the accounting policy of the organization for a long time, the sequence of its application from one reporting period to another.

2.11. Offset between those presented in the financial statements
items of assets and liabilities, profits and losses(please indicate the number
correct answer):

1. Allowed.

2. It is not allowed (except for cases when such a set-off is provided for by regulatory acts on accounting).

2.12. Accounting statements must be evaluated(uka
find the number of the correct answer):

1. According to the rules established by the relevant regulations on accounting for certain types of property and liabilities.

2. In any order, without regard to the rules established by the relevant provisions for accounting for certain types of property and liabilities.

2.13. Articles of financial statements for the reporting year should
be confirmed(indicate the number of the correct answer):

1. Accounting data.

2. The results of the inventory of assets and liabilities.

2.14. Financial statements are considered to be significant.
sti(indicate the number of the correct answer):

1. Lack of information about which may affect the economic decisions of interested users, taken on the basis of reporting information.

2. Lack of information about which cannot affect the economic decisions of interested users, taken on the basis of reporting information.

2.15. Accounting indicators can be recognized as significant
financial reporting, the share of which in the total result of the relevant
data for the reporting year is(indicate the number of the correct answer):

1. 10 percent.

2. 7 percent.

3. Not less than 5 percent.

2.16. When preparing financial statements, assets and liabilities
are converted into the currency of the Russian Federation in accordance with the procedure established
established(indicate the number of the correct answer):

1. PBU 2/2008. 2. PBU 3/2006.

Z.PBU 4/1999.

2.17. When preparing financial statements, they are recalculated into
currency of the Russian Federation the following assets and obligations(uka
live the numbers of the correct answers):

1. Cash balances at the cash desk, on currency accounts, in monetary and settlement documents.

2. Remains of securities.

3. Balances in settlements.

4. Remains of special-purpose financing.

5. Remains of fixed assets, intangible assets, materials, goods.

2.18. When preparing financial statements, the balances of assets
and liabilities, the value of which is expressed in foreign currency,
converted into the currency of the Russian Federation(please indicate the number
correct answer):

1. At the rate Central Bank effective on the date of completion of transactions in foreign currency.

2. At the rate of the Central Bank on the reporting date.

2.19. When preparing financial statements, assets and liabilities
the value of which is expressed in foreign currency, recalculated
withdraw into the currency of the Russian Federation and identify(insert number
correct answer):

1. Exchange differences.

2. Total differences.

2.20. Exchange differences revealed when recalculating the cost of shares
assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are(specify
correct answer number):

1. Differences between the ruble valuation of an asset or liability, the value of which is expressed in foreign currency at the exchange rate of the Central Bank as of the date of preparation of financial statements, and the ruble valuation of this asset or liability as of the date of its acceptance for accounting (or the reporting date of preparation of financial statements for the previous reporting period).

2. Differences between the ruble valuation of an asset or liability, the value of which is expressed in foreign currency at the rate of the Central Bank on the date of preparation of financial statements, and its cost.

2.21. The first reporting year for newly established companies after 1 October
some organizations consider(indicate the number of the correct answer):

2.22. The financial statements are signed(please indicate the numbers
correct answers):

1. Head of the organization.

2. Chief Accountant(accountant) organization.

3. The founders of the organization.

2.23. In organizations where accounting is maintained on a contract basis
on the basis of a specialized organization or an accountant - a special
socialist, signs the financial statements(please indicate the number
correct answer):

1. The head of an organization and the head of a specialized organization (or a specialist in charge of accounting).

2. Head of the organization.

2.24. Correction of errors in reporting related as a report
to the current year, as well as to previous periods, produce(specify but
measures of the correct answer):

1. In the reporting compiled for the reporting or previous period.

2. In the reporting compiled for the reporting period in which distortions of its data were discovered.

2.25. Correction of errors in reporting related to incorrect
reflection business transactions and identified before the end
reporting year, produce(indicate the number of the correct answer):

1. Entries on the accounts of accounting in the month when these errors are revealed.

2. Account entries in December of the reporting year.

2.26. Mistakes made in the reporting year and identified after
its completion, but before approval in due course of the annual
financial statements, correct(indicate the number of the correct answer
ta):

1. Accounting records in January of the following year.

2. Accounting records in December of the reporting year.

2.27. Errors identified in the reporting year related to incorrect
a fair reflection of business transactions in the past year, using
rule(indicate the number of the correct answer):

1. Accounting records of the reporting year.

2. By making corrections to the financial statements for the last year.

The composition of the financial statements and General requirements to it are regulated by the Accounting Regulation "Accounting statements of the organization" (PBU 4/99), approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 6, 1999 No. 43 n. In accordance with this document, financial statements are defined as a unified system of data on the property and financial position of an organization and on the results of its economic activities, compiled on the basis of accounting data in accordance with established forms.
The financial statements consist of the balance sheet, profit and loss statement, appendices to them and an explanatory note, as well as auditor's report confirming the reliability of the financial statements of the organization, if it is subject to mandatory audit in accordance with federal laws.
Financial statements should give a reliable and complete picture of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position. The analysis carried out on the basis of unreliable reporting will give incorrect guidance to users of information in making the necessary decisions. Accounting statements formed on the basis of the rules established by regulatory acts on accounting are considered reliable and complete. But in a real situation, in large numbers various types of activities and operations, not always compliance with uniform rules can ensure the reliability and completeness of financial statements. Therefore, PBU 4/99 for the first time allows a domestic accountant - a specialist to express his own opinion on the reliability and completeness of the reflection financial condition And financial results: "If, in the preparation of financial statements, the application of the rules of this Regulation does not allow to form a reliable and complete picture of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position, then the organization in exceptional cases may deviate from these rules."
All deviations from the established rules, the accountant must explain in an explanatory note. It follows that the analyst, starting to study the reporting indicators, should carefully study this document.
When preparing financial statements, an organization must ensure the neutrality of the information contained in it, that is, it excludes the unilateral satisfaction of the interests of some groups of users of financial statements over others. Thus, reporting can serve as an information base financial analysis for various purposes.
The financial statements of the organization should include performance indicators of all branches, representative offices and other divisions (including those allocated to separate balance sheets).
The organization must, when compiling the balance sheet, income statement and explanations to them, adhere to their content and form adopted by it consistently from one reporting period to another. Changing the accepted content and form of the balance sheet, income statement and explanations to them is allowed in exceptional cases. The organization shall provide justification for each such change, and the analyst shall comparative analysis indicators for different periods - take into account all these changes.
For each numerical indicator of financial statements, data must be provided for at least two years - the reporting and the previous reporting ones. If the data for the period preceding the reporting period are incomparable with the data for the reporting period, then the first of the named data is subject to adjustment based on the rules established by regulatory enactments on accounting. Analyst during horizontal analysis should carefully review the reasons for the adjustment and take the method of adjustment into account when drawing their conclusions.
Indicators of individual assets, liabilities, income, expenses and business transactions should be presented separately in the financial statements if they are significant, and if without knowledge of them by interested users it is impossible to assess the financial position of the organization or the financial results of its activities.
For the preparation of financial statements, the reporting date is the last calendar day of the reporting period. When compiling financial statements for the reporting year, the reporting year is the calendar year
from January 1 to December 31 inclusive. The first reporting year for newly created organizations is the period from the date of their state registration to December 31 of the corresponding year, and for organizations established after October 1 - to December 31 of the next year.
Financial statements must be prepared in Russian, in the currency of the Russian Federation, signed by the head and chief accountant of the organization (accountant, accountant-specialist of a specialized organization).
In conclusion, it should be noted that the current normative base allows you to create a reliable and complete information base- accounting (financial) reporting for financial analysis. But in order to use it effectively, the analyst, in addition to owning analytical methods, must know the rules for the formation financial indicators understand the details of the explanatory note. In addition, he must take into account the fact that in different organizations the same indicators can be formed differently due to the peculiarities of the accounting policies of economic entities.

Tests in the discipline "Accounting (financial) reporting"

More on the topic 4. The composition of financial statements and general requirements for it: