A) the organization has the right to receive this revenue arising from a specific agreement or confirmed in another appropriate manner;

B) the amount of revenue can be determined;

B) there is confidence that a particular transaction will result in an increase in the economic benefits of the organization. Confidence that as a result of a particular transaction there will be an increase in the economic benefits of the organization exists when the organization received an asset in payment or there is no uncertainty regarding the receipt of the asset;

D) the right of ownership (possession, use and disposal) of the product (goods) has passed from the organization to the buyer or the work has been accepted by the customer (service provided);

E) the expenses that have been incurred or will be incurred in connection with this operation can be determined.

If in relation Money and other assets received by the organization in payment, if at least one of the above conditions is not fulfilled, then the accounting of the organization is recognized accounts payable, not revenue.

To recognize in accounting revenue from the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of one’s assets, rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property and from participation in authorized capitals other organizations, the conditions defined in subparagraphs “a”, “b” and “c” of this paragraph must be simultaneously met.

Organizations that have the right to use simplified methods of conducting accounting, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, may recognize revenue as funds are received from buyers (customers) subject to the conditions specified in subparagraphs “a”, “b”, “c” and “e” of this paragraph.

(see text in the previous edition)

13. An organization may recognize in accounting revenue from the performance of work, provision of services, sale of products with a long manufacturing cycle as the work, service, product is ready or upon completion of the work, provision of service, or manufacture of products in general.

Revenue from performing specific work, providing a specific service, or selling a specific product is recognized in accounting as it is ready, if it is possible to determine the readiness of the work, service, or product.

In relation to different nature and conditions of work, provision of services, manufacturing of products, an organization can apply in one reporting period simultaneously different methods of revenue recognition provided for in this paragraph.

14. If the amount of revenue from the sale of products, performance of work, provision of services cannot be determined, then it is accepted for accounting in the amount of expenses recognized in accounting for the manufacture of these products, performance of this work, provision of this service, which will subsequently be reimbursed to the organization .

15. Rent, license payments for the use of intellectual property (when this is not the subject of the organization’s activities) are recognized in accounting based on the assumption of temporary certainty of facts economic activity and the terms of the relevant agreement.

Rent and license payments for the use of intellectual property (when this is not the subject of the organization’s activities) are recognized in accounting in a manner similar to that provided for in paragraph 12 of these Regulations.

The income that the organization receives, according to current legislation according to accounting, divided into income from common species activities and Other income.

Organizations have the right to independently qualify their income, taking into account the direction of the organization’s activities, as well as the nature and conditions for receiving income.

When generating information about income, commercial enterprises must use the Accounting Regulations “Income of the Organization” PBU 9/99, which was approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 6, 1999 N 32n (hereinafter referred to as PBU 9/99).

Paragraph 4 of PBU 9/99 specifies the classification of income, according to which all income received by the organization is divided into income from ordinary activities and other income.

Please note that the organization must register the chosen procedure for recognizing income received in accounting policy in accounting.

Also included in other income are extraordinary income, which were obtained as a result of emergency situations.

Other income in accounting

The list of other income is open and is given in paragraph 7 of PBU 9/99.

So other income is:

receipts related to the provision for a fee of rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property;

receipts associated with the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of the organization’s assets;

profit received by the organization as a result joint activities(under a simple partnership agreement);

proceeds related to participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations (including interest and other income on securities);

interest received for providing the organization's funds for use, as well as interest for the bank's use of funds held in the organization's account with this bank;

proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and other assets other than cash (except foreign currency), products, goods;

assets received free of charge, including under a gift agreement;

fines, penalties, penalties for violation of contract terms;

profit of previous years identified in reporting year;

proceeds to compensate for losses caused to the organization;

exchange differences;

the amount of revaluation of assets;

amounts of accounts payable and depositors for which have expired;

Other income.

The procedure for reflecting other income in accounting

According to the Chart of Accounts for accounting financial and economic activities of organizations and the Instructions for its application, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31, 2000 N 94n (hereinafter referred to as the Chart of Accounts), to record information on other income and expenses of the reporting period, it is necessary to use the account 91 "Other income and expenses".

326,000 - reflected in the composition financial investments funds provided under the loan agreement;

30,000 rub. - VAT is charged on the sales amount;

180,000 rub. - funds have been received from the buyer;

RUB 15,216 (180,000 rubles - 30,000 rubles - 134,784 rubles) - profit from the sale of the car is reflected.

Example 3

The organization has entered into a lease agreement under which it leases equipment it owns for a period of 1 month.

Providing property for rent is not the main activity of the organization.

Rental cost - 36,000 rubles, including VAT at a rate of 20% - 6,000 rubles. The specified amount is transferred to the organization's bank account upon expiration of the lease term. The organization conducts settlements with the tenant on account 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors".

36,000 rub. - the rent amount has been credited to the bank account.

INTRODUCTION

The relevance of research. Regardless of what the profile of an enterprise’s activities is, the formation of its income and expenses always occurs in the process of activity. It is these aspects of activity that are most important for all stakeholders - the owners of the enterprise, employees, the state, since their successful formation and proper planning allow all participants in production activities to ultimately achieve their financial goals - primarily increasing well-being and quality of life, making a profit.

One of the central or supporting categories of the economic system market type is the income of a business firm. Of course, the employer and the employee have their own economic interests, which are realized in special forms: profit, interest and dividends on capital, wages, etc. But primary appropriation reflects, first of all, income or cash receipts from the business activities of a business firm.

Income is the result of economic activity, the basis of the socio-economic well-being of an economic entity. Income is the monetary equivalent of produced and sold products, the primary form of sale of property, the economic responsibility of the entrepreneur to the “economic environment.”

Income and profit indicators are the most important in the system for assessing the performance and business qualities of an enterprise, the degree of its reliability and financial well-being as a partner. Losses also play a role. They highlight mistakes and miscalculations in the direction of funds, organization of production and sales of products.

Correct accounting of income is important to reflect the activities of the enterprise. ABOUT the orientation of enterprises towards generating income is an indispensable condition for their successful entrepreneurial activity, a criterion for choosing the optimal directions and methods of this activity. Accounting for enterprise income is necessary at any stage of production. This determined the relevance of the chosen topic.

The purpose of the course work is to study theoretical, regulatory and legal issues of accounting income enterprises.

To achieve this goal, the following tasks are set in the work:

Study the classification and tasks of accounting income enterprises;

Explore the basic principles of accounting income enterprises.

The object of the study is income commercial enterprises.

The subject of the study is accounting income enterprises.

The theoretical basis of the study is the conceptual provisions of economic theory and fundamental accounting concepts.

The methodological basis of the work was the normative, legislative, special, periodical literature on issues of accounting for expenses of an organization.

In the process of researching cost accounting, categorical, subject-object, complex, and systematic approaches were used.

CHAPTER 1. INCOME OF THE ORGANIZATION, GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS, CLASSIFICATION AND ACCOUNTING TASKS

1.1. Classification and types of enterprise income

Income is an increase in economic benefits as a result of the receipt of assets (cash, other property) and (or) repayment of liabilities, leading to an increase in the capital of this organization, with the exception of contributions from participants (owners of property).

An organization's income is recognized as an increase in economic benefits as a result of the receipt of assets (cash, other property) and (or) the repayment of liabilities, leading to an increase in the capital of this organization, with the exception of the contributions of participants.

Depending on the nature, conditions of receipt and areas of activity of the organization, all income of the organization is divided into income from ordinary activities and other income.

Income that is not related to income from ordinary activities is other income.

Organizations have the right to independently classify certain types of income as income from ordinary activities or other income, depending on the nature of the organization’s activities, the type of income and the conditions for their receipt.

IN financial statements organization, in particular in the profit and loss statement, the organization's income received during the reporting period should be reflected with a division into revenue and other income. The concept of “revenue from sale” corresponds to the concept of “income from ordinary activities” (clause 5 of PBU 9/99).

In Form No. 2 “Profit and Loss Statement”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 22, 2003 No. 67n “On forms of financial statements of organizations”, the indicator “Income and expenses for ordinary activities is established. Revenue (net) from the sale of goods, products, works, services (less value added tax, excise taxes and similar mandatory payments).” Thus, the use of the concept “Revenue from sales” in accounting does not comply with the requirements of regulatory documents. In practice, specialists from the Russian Ministry of Finance do not use this concept for accounting purposes; it is used only by independent consultants.

Income from ordinary activities according to clause 5 of PBU 9/99 is revenue from the sale of products and goods, receipts associated with the performance of work, provision of services (hereinafter referred to as revenue). Depending on the type of activity of the organization, revenue is considered:

The amount of rent received, if the subject of the organization’s activities is the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of its assets under a lease agreement;

Amounts of received license payments (including royalties) for the use of intellectual property, if the subject of the organization’s activities is the provision for a fee of rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property;

Amounts of receipts associated with participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations, if the subject of the organization’s activities is participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations.

The conditions under which revenue is recognized in the organization’s accounting are given in clause 12 of PBU 9/99. We list these conditions:

1) the organization has the right to receive this revenue arising from a specific agreement or confirmed in another appropriate manner;

2) the amount of revenue can be determined;

3) there is confidence that as a result of a specific transaction there will be an increase in the economic benefits of the organization. Confidence that as a result of a particular transaction there will be an increase in the economic benefits of the organization exists when the organization received an asset in payment or there is no uncertainty regarding the receipt of the asset;

4) the right of ownership (possession, use and disposal) of the product (goods) has passed from the organization to the buyer or the work has been accepted by the customer (service provided);

5) the expenses that have been incurred or will be incurred in connection with this operation can be determined.

To recognize revenue in accounting, all five conditions must be met simultaneously.

In accordance with clause 3 of PBU 9/99, receipts from other legal entities and individuals are not recognized as income of the organization:

Amounts of value added tax (hereinafter referred to as VAT), excise taxes, export duties and other similar mandatory payments;

Under commission agreements, agency and other similar agreements in favor of the principal, principal and the like. For example, Art. 990 Civil Code The Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) stipulates that under a commission agreement, one party (the commission agent) undertakes, on behalf of the other party (the principal), for a fee, to carry out one or more transactions on its own behalf, but at the expense of the principal. The principal is obliged to pay the commission agent a remuneration and the commission agent has the right in accordance with Art. 410 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation withhold the remuneration due to him from all amounts received by him from the principal. Thus, only the amount of his remuneration under the contract will be recognized as the income of the commission agent;

In the order of advance payment for products, goods, works, services, as well as the amount of advances towards payment for products, goods, works, services. Amounts received in advance payment and advance payments are not included in income until the products, goods are shipped, work is performed and services are provided. These amounts are reflected in a separate subaccount to the account intended for accounting for settlements with buyers and customers;

Deposit, since according to Art. 329 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, it is one of the types of fulfillment of obligations. Deposit according to Art. 380 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation recognizes a sum of money issued by one of the contracting parties in payment of payments due from it under the contract to the other party, as proof of security for the contract and to ensure its execution. The deposit agreement is concluded in writing. In case of doubt as to whether the amount received is a deposit, it is considered to be paid as an advance;

As a pledge, if the agreement provides for the transfer of the pledged property to the pledgee;

To repay a loan granted to a borrower. According to Art. 807 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, under a loan agreement, one party (the lender) transfers into the ownership of the other party (the borrower) money or other things determined by generic characteristics. The borrower's obligation is to return to the lender the same amount of money (loan amount) or an equal amount of other things received by him of the same kind and quality. Since the borrower is obligated to repay the loan amount received under the agreement, this amount is not recognized as the lender’s income.

1.2. Goals and objectives of accounting for the organization's income

Accounting for enterprise income is one of the most important functions of accounting.

For accounting purposes, the concept of income and their classification are established by the accounting regulation “Income of the organization” PBU 9/99, and the concept of expenses and their classification are established by the accounting regulation “Expenses of the organization” PBU 10/99.

Depending on the nature of receipt of income, the conditions for their receipt and the areas of activity of the organization, income is divided into two main groups: income from ordinary activities and other income.

Information about production income is needed, first of all, by the head of the enterprise and its divisions, as well as its participants (founders) to develop an enterprise management policy in order to reduce costs and increase profitability.

Income information can be used in the following areas:

Planning (making decisions on stopping the production of certain types of products and introducing new types into production, calculating the efficiency of using new technologies, etc.);

Identifying discrepancies between planned and actual income;

Analysis, i.e. study of income behavior, determination of factors that influenced their value, identification of reserves for increase;

Control and regulation, i.e. assessment of performance results in order to make decisions on production process management.

1. Concept of income

In accordance with clause 2 of the Accounting Regulations “Income of the Organization” PBU 9/99 (hereinafter referred to as PBU 9/99), the income of an organization is recognized as an increase in economic benefits as a result of the receipt of assets (cash, other property) and (or) repayment of liabilities, leading to an increase in the capital of this organization, with the exception of contributions from participants (property owners).

At the same time, for the purposes of PBU 9/99, receipts from other legal entities and individuals are not recognized as income of the organization:

• - amounts of value added tax (hereinafter VAT), excise taxes, sales tax, export duties and other similar mandatory payments;
• - under commission agreements, agency and other similar agreements in favor of the principal, principal, etc.;
• - in the order of advance payment for products, goods, works, services;
• - advances in payment for products, goods, works, services;
• - deposit;
• - as collateral, if the agreement provides for the transfer of the pledged property to the pledgee;
• - to repay a loan provided to the borrower (clause 3 of PBU 9/99).
• 2. Income classification

In paragraph 4 of PBU 9/99 it is determined that the income of an organization, depending on its nature, the conditions for receiving it and the areas of activity of the organization, are divided into:

• a) income from ordinary activities;
• b) other income.

At the same time, for accounting purposes, the organization independently recognizes receipts as income from ordinary activities or other receipts based on the requirements of PBU 9/99, the nature of its activities, the type of income and the conditions for their receipt (clause 4 of PBU 9/99).

Income from ordinary activities. According to clause 5 of PBU 9/99, income from ordinary activities is revenue from the sale of products and goods, receipts associated with the performance of work, provision of services (hereinafter referred to as revenue).

In organizations whose subject of activity is the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of their assets under a lease agreement, revenue is considered to be receipts the receipt of which is associated with this activity (rent); in organizations whose subject of activity is the provision for a fee of rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property, revenue is considered to be receipts the receipt of which is associated with this activity (license payments (including royalties) for the use of intellectual property); in organizations whose subject of activity is participation in the authorized capital of other organizations, revenue is considered to be receipts the receipt of which is associated with this activity. In all of the above cases, the following accounting entries are compiled:

Income received by an organization from provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of its assets, rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property, and from participation in the authorized capital of other organizations, when this is not the subject of activities are classified as other income (clause 5 of PBU 9/99).

In accordance with clause 6 of PBU 9/99, revenue is accepted for accounting in an amount calculated in monetary terms equal to the amount of receipt of cash and other property and (or) the amount accounts receivable(taking into account clause 3 of PBU 9/99).

The amount of receipts and (or) receivables is determined based on the price established by the agreement between the organization and the buyer (customer) or user of the organization’s assets. If the price is not provided for in the contract and cannot be established based on the terms of the contract, then to determine the amount of receipts and (or) receivables, the price at which, in comparable circumstances, the organization usually determines revenue in relation to similar products (goods, works, services) is accepted. or provision for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of similar assets (clause 6.1 of PBU 9/99).

When selling products and goods, performing work, providing services on the terms of a commercial loan provided in the form of deferred and installment payment, the proceeds are accepted for accounting in the full amount of accounts receivable (clause 6.2 of PBU 9/99).

The amount of receipts and (or) receivables under contracts providing for the fulfillment of obligations (payment) not in cash is accepted for accounting at the cost of goods (valuables) received or to be received by the organization. The cost of goods (valuables) received or to be received by the organization is established based on the price at which, in comparable circumstances, the organization usually determines the cost of similar goods of valuables). If it is impossible to determine the value of goods (valuables) received by the organization, the amount of receipts and (or) receivables is determined by the value of the products (goods) transferred or to be transferred by the organization. The cost of products (goods) transferred or to be transferred by an organization is established based on the price at which, in comparable circumstances, the organization usually determines revenue in relation to similar products (goods) (clause 6.3 of PBU 9/99).

If we paraphrase the norms of clause 6 (and clauses 6.1 - 6.3) of PBU 9/99, we can conclude that, depending on the completeness of the receipt of funds and other property in payment for products (works, services), three situations may arise:

• - the amount of receipts fully covers accounts receivable, which indicates the equality of debit and credit turnover in account 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers”. In this case, revenue will be determined by the amount of cash and the cost of other property received in payment for products, which in this situation is equal to the credit turnover on account 90 “Sales”, i.e. volume of products shipped;
• - the amount of receipts covers only part of the proceeds. In this case, the amount of revenue is the amount of debit turnover on account 51 " Current accounts"etc. in the part attributable to payment for products (works, services), and the difference between debit and credit turnover on account 62, which, just like in the first situation, actually represents a credit turnover on account 90;
• - there are no receipts for payment for products (works, services), i.e. there is a sale of products and goods (performance of work, provision of services) on the terms of a commercial loan provided in the form of deferment and installment payment. In this case, revenue is accepted for accounting in the full amount of receivables, i.e. based on wiring: Dt 62 - Kt 90.

Thus, the amount of revenue received by the organization is determined by the credit turnover on account 90, regardless of whether the products (work, services) were paid for in full, partially or not paid at all due to the provision of a commercial loan to the buyer.

In the event of a change in the obligation under the contract, the initial amount of receipts and (or) receivables is adjusted based on the value of the asset to be received by the organization. The value of an asset to be received by an organization is established based on the price at which, in comparable circumstances, the organization usually determines the value of similar assets (clause 6.4 of PBU 9/99).

In this case, the amount of receipts and (or) receivables is determined taking into account all discounts (markups) provided to the organization in accordance with the agreement (clause 6.5 of PBU 9/99).

When reserves for doubtful debts are formed in accordance with the accounting rules, the amount of revenue does not change (clause 6. 7 of PBU 9/99). In this case, the specified reserve is formalized by posting:

income receivable asset accounting

Other income. In accordance with paragraph 4 of PBU 9/99, income other than income from ordinary activities is considered other income. Their list is established in clause 7. PBU 9/99:

• - receipts associated with the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of the organization’s assets (taking into account the provisions of paragraph 5 of PBU 9/99);
• - receipts related to the provision for a fee of rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property (taking into account the provisions of paragraph 5 of PBU 9/99);

In these situations, the following entries are made:

Proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and other assets other than cash (except foreign currency), products, goods;

Correspondence of invoices in this case generating income:

Moreover, when interest is to be received as a result of the use of funds in the organization’s current account by the servicing bank, entries can also be made in the following way:

Assets received free of charge, including under a gift agreement;

All assets in accordance with the Chart of Accounts, when received by an organization, are reflected free of charge in the credit of account 98-2.

In this case, the following assets will be debited accordingly:

Non-current assets (fixed assets, intangible assets) will be recognized as other income as depreciation accrues on them:

Funds received free of charge will be recognized as other income at the time of their use:

Profit of previous years identified in the reporting year;

The specified profit will be reflected:

Exchange differences;

In accordance with clause 13 of PBU 3/2006, positive exchange differences will be reflected:

Other income.

Other other income is also subject to credit to account 91-1.

Other income also includes income arising as a consequence of extraordinary circumstances of economic activity ( natural disaster, fire, accident, nationalization, etc.): cost material assets remaining from the write-off of assets unsuitable for restoration and further use, etc. (clause 9 of PBU 9/99).

At the same time, for accounting purposes, the amount of other income is determined in the manner established by clause 10 of PBU 9/99:

• - the amount of proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and other assets other than cash (except foreign currency), products, goods, as well as the amount of interest received for providing the organization’s funds for use, and income from participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations (when this is not the subject of the organization’s activities) is determined in a manner similar to that provided for in clause 6 of PBU 9/99 (clause 10.1 of PBU 9/99).
• - fines, penalties, penalties for violations of the terms of contracts, as well as compensation for losses caused to the organization are accepted for accounting in amounts awarded by the court or recognized by the debtor (clause 10.2 of PBU 9/99).
• - assets received free of charge are accepted for accounting at market value. Market price Assets received free of charge are determined by the organization on the basis of prices in force on the date of their acceptance for accounting for this or a similar type of asset. Data on prices valid on the date of acceptance for accounting must be confirmed by documents or through an examination (clause 10.3 of PBU 9/99).
• - accounts payable, for which the term limitation period has expired, is included in the organization’s income in the amount in which this debt was reflected in the organization’s accounting records (clause 10.4 of PBU 9/99).

In this case, the amounts of revaluation of assets are determined in accordance with the rules established for the revaluation of assets (clause 10.5 of PBU 9/99).

Other receipts are accepted for accounting in actual amounts (clause 10.6 of PBU 9/99).

Other income is subject to credit to the organization's profit and loss account, except in cases where the accounting rules establish a different procedure (clause 11 of PBU 9/99).

Thus, based on clause 4 of PBU 9/99, we can conclude that the classification of income specified therein for accounting purposes is the basis for their separate grouping and generalization in the accounts of financial results: 90 “Sales” and 91 “Other income and expenses".

Revenue recognition

In accordance with clause 12 of PBU 9/99, revenue is recognized in accounting if the following conditions are met:

• a) the organization has the right to receive this revenue arising from a specific agreement or confirmed in another appropriate manner;
• b) the amount of revenue can be determined;
• c) there is confidence that as a result of a particular transaction there will be an increase in the economic benefits of the organization. Confidence that as a result of a particular transaction there will be an increase in the economic benefits of the organization exists when the organization received an asset in payment or there is no uncertainty regarding the receipt of the asset;
• d) the right of ownership (possession, use and disposal) of the product (goods) has passed from the organization to the buyer or the work has been accepted by the customer (service provided);
• e) the expenses that have been incurred or will be incurred in connection with this operation can be determined.

If at least one of the above conditions is not met in relation to cash and other assets received by the organization as payment, then the organization’s accounting records recognize accounts payable, not revenue.

To recognize in accounting revenues from the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of one’s assets, rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property and from participation in the authorized capital of other organizations, must be simultaneously observed the conditions defined in subparagraphs “a”, “b” and “c” of this paragraph.

An organization may recognize in accounting revenue from the performance of work, the provision of services, the sale of products with a long manufacturing cycle as the work, service, product is ready or upon completion of the work, provision of service, or production of products in general; revenue from performing specific work, providing a specific service, or selling a specific product is recognized in accounting as it is ready, if it is possible to determine the readiness of the work, service, or product; in relation to different nature and conditions of performance of work, provision of services, manufacturing of products, an organization can simultaneously apply in one reporting period different methods of revenue recognition provided for in paragraph 13 of PBU 9/99 (clause 13 of PBU 9/99).

However, if the amount of revenue from the sale of products, performance of work, provision of services cannot be determined, then it is accepted for accounting in the amount of expenses recognized in accounting for the manufacture of these products, performance of this work, provision of this service, which will subsequently be reimbursed to the organization (Clause 14 PBU 9/99).

Rent and license payments for the use of intellectual property (when this is not the subject of the organization’s activities) are recognized in accounting based on the assumption of temporary certainty of the facts of economic activity and the terms of the relevant agreement. Rent and license payments for the use of intellectual property objects (when this is not the subject of the organization’s activities) are recognized in accounting in a manner similar to that provided for in clause 12 of PBU 9/99 (clause 15 of PBU 9/99).

Other income is recognized in accounting in the following order:

• - proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and other assets other than cash (except foreign currency), products, goods, as well as interest received for providing the organization’s funds for use, and income from participation in the authorized capitals of other organizations (when this is not is the subject of the organization’s activities) - in a manner similar to that provided for in paragraph 12 of PBU 9/99. In this case, for accounting purposes, interest is accrued for each expired reporting period in accordance with the terms of the agreement;
• - fines, penalties, penalties for violation of the terms of contracts, as well as compensation for losses caused to the organization - in the reporting period in which the court made a decision to collect them or they were recognized as a debtor;
• - the amount of accounts payable and depository debt for which the limitation period has expired - in the reporting period in which the limitation period has expired;
• - the amount of revaluation of assets - in the reporting period to which the date as of which the revaluation was made relates;

other receipts - as they are generated (identified) (clause 16 of PBU 9/99).

"Moscow Accountant", 2009, N 4

Funds received as a result of a particular transaction must be reflected in the organization’s accounting records. Moreover, the procedure for their recognition directly depends on whether the appearance of these funds is related to the main activity of the company or not.

Revenue receipts

Commercial organizations, with the exception of insurance and credit organizations, which are, by law, Russian Federation legal entities, must generate information about income received in accordance with the rules established by PBU 9/99 “Income of the organization”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 6, 1999 N 32n (hereinafter referred to as PBU 9/99).

PBU 9/99 must also be applied by non-profit organizations, but only in relation to income received from business activities.

The income of an organization, in accordance with the definition contained in paragraph 2 of PBU 9/99, is an increase in the economic benefits of the company as a result of the receipt of assets (cash, other property) or the repayment of liabilities, leading to an increase in the capital of this organization.

Meanwhile, not all funds and property received by an organization are its income. Thus, in accordance with clause 3 of PBU 9/99, receipts from other legal entities and individuals are not recognized as income of the organization:

• amounts of value added tax, excise taxes, export duties and other similar mandatory payments;
• under commission agreements, agency and other similar agreements in favor of the principal, principal and the like;
• in advance payment for products, goods, works, services;
• advances in payment for products, goods, works, services;
• deposit;
• as collateral, if the agreement provides for the transfer of the pledged property to the pledgee;
• in repayment of a loan granted to the borrower.

The organization's income is divided into income from ordinary activities and other income. The latter also includes emergency revenues, that is, funds received as a result of emergency situations.

Please note that the company can independently recognize income either as income from ordinary activities or as other income, securing the chosen procedure in its accounting policy for accounting purposes.

To summarize information about income and expenses associated with ordinary activities, as well as to determine financial result according to them, the Chart of Accounts for accounting the financial and economic activities of organizations and the Instructions for its application, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31, 2000 N 94n, assigns account 90 “Sales”.

The amount of revenue from ordinary activities, namely from the sale of goods, products, performance of work, provision of services, when recognized in accounting, is reflected in the credit of account 90 “Sales” and the debit of account 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers”. To account for the receipt of assets recognized as revenue, subaccount 90-1 “Revenue” is provided, entries in which are made cumulatively during the reporting year.

To summarize information about other income and expenses of the organization, the Chart of Accounts is intended for account 91 “Other income and expenses”. In this case, accounting for other income is kept in subaccount 91-1 “Other income”.

Revenue recognition

Paragraph 12 of PBU 9/99 defines five conditions, upon the simultaneous fulfillment of which revenue is recognized in accounting:

1. the organization has the right to receive revenue, which arises from a specific agreement or is confirmed in another appropriate manner;
2. the amount of revenue can be determined;
3. there is confidence that as a result of a particular transaction there will be an increase in the economic benefits of the organization (when the organization received an asset in payment or there is no uncertainty regarding the receipt of the asset);
4. the right of ownership (possession, use and disposal) of the product (goods) has passed from the organization to the buyer or the work has been accepted by the customer (service provided);
5. the expenses that have been or will be incurred in connection with this operation can be determined.

If at least one of the conditions listed above is not met in relation to the received cash and other assets, the organization’s accounting records recognize not revenue, but accounts payable.

To recognize revenue from the provision for a fee for temporary use (temporary possession and use) of company assets, rights arising from patents for inventions, industrial designs and other types of intellectual property and from participation in the authorized capital of other organizations, it is sufficient to simultaneously fulfill the first three conditions.

Revenue from the performance of work, provision of services or sale of products with a long production cycle is allowed to be recognized in accounting as they are ready in general. That is, in the contract between the contractor and the customer, it is advisable to provide for the condition of stage-by-stage delivery of work, services, and manufactured products. As for revenue from the performance of specific work, services, or the sale of a certain product, it is recognized upon readiness only if such readiness can be determined (clause 13 of PBU 9/99). Otherwise, revenue in the accounting records of the contractor will be recognized upon completion of work, provision of services, sale finished products generally.

Simultaneous application in one reporting period is also allowed. different ways revenue recognition. But this is only possible in relation to work, provision of services, and manufacture of products that are different in nature and conditions.

Paragraph 14 of PBU 9/99 establishes that if the amount of revenue cannot be determined, then it is reflected in the amount of expenses recognized in accounting for the manufacture of products, performance of work or provision of services, which will subsequently be reimbursed to the organization.

Rent and license payments for the use of intellectual property objects (if this activity is not the main one for the company) are recognized in accounting based on the assumption of temporary certainty of the facts of economic activity and the terms of the concluded agreement (clause 15 of PBU 9/99). Such income should be reflected in a manner similar to that provided for in paragraph 12 of PBU 9/99, which we have already mentioned.

Other income

As for other income, in a manner similar to that provided for in paragraph 12 of PBU 9/99 (that is, if all five conditions established for recording revenue are met), the following are recognized in accounting:

• proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and other assets other than cash (except for foreign currency, products, goods);
• interest received for providing the organization's funds for use (interest for accounting purposes is accrued for each expired reporting period in accordance with the terms of the agreement);
• income from participation in the authorized capital of other organizations, when this is not the subject of the organization’s activities.

By the way, in Letter dated August 3, 2006 N 03-06-01-04/151, specialists from the Ministry of Finance emphasized that proceeds from the sale of fixed assets under purchase and sale transactions real estate are recognized in accounting in the same manner as revenue. Moreover, as noted in the Letter, the issue of transfer of ownership in this case is resolved based on the norms of civil law. PBU 9/99 stipulates that the seller cannot write off an object from the register and recognize the proceeds from its sale in accounting before the transfer of ownership of the real estate object. Therefore, the fact state registration rights is the basis for transferring real estate to fixed assets, provided that it has been formed initial cost(including unfinished construction projects, real estate requiring capital investments for reconstruction, modernization, technical re-equipment).

Fines, penalties, penalties for violation of contract terms, as well as compensation for losses caused to the organization are recognized in accounting in the reporting period in which the court made a decision to collect them, or they were recognized as a debtor. According to Art. 180 Arbitration Procedure Code decision arbitration court comes into force after one month from the date of its adoption, unless an appeal is filed. In the event of a court decision positive decision the amounts of penalties must be reflected in the accounting records one month after the verdict is rendered.

If the debtor agrees to voluntarily pay penalties for violating the terms of the agreement, he must pay the amount of fines, penalties, penalties or confirm his consent in writing.

Amounts of accounts payable and depositors for which the statute of limitations has expired are recognized in accounting in the reporting period in which the statute of limitations expired. In turn, the limitation period is recognized as the period for protecting the right under the claim of a person whose right has been violated (Article 195 of the Civil Code). Total term limitation period established by Art. 196 of the Civil Code, is three years from the day when the person learned or should have learned about the violation of his right.

Clause 78 of the Regulations on maintaining accounting and financial reporting in the Russian Federation, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 29, 1998 N 34n, determines that the basis for writing off amounts of accounts payable and depositors are the data of the inventory, written justification, as well as the order ( order) of the head of the organization.

The amounts of revaluation of assets are determined in accordance with the rules established for the revaluation of assets and are recognized in accounting in the reporting period to which the date on which the revaluation occurred. For example, clause 44 of the Regulations on accounting and financial reporting in the Russian Federation, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 29, 1998 N 34n (hereinafter referred to as Regulation N 34n), it is determined that organizations acting as professional participants in the securities market, may re-evaluate investments in securities, purchased with the aim of generating income from their sale, as the quote on the stock exchange changes.

According to clause 49 of Regulation No. 34n commercial organization has the right, no more than once a year (at the beginning of the reporting year), to revaluate fixed assets at replacement cost by indexation or direct recalculation based on documented market prices with any differences being charged to the account additional capital organizations, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Other receipts are recognized in accounting as they are generated (identified).