A way of organizing decision-making in a market economy. Types of economic systems: traditional, planned, market, mixed. Types of economic systems

1. People traditionally produce only those goods and services necessary for survival that were produced for many centuries by their ancestors. Such an economy is close to a subsistence economy.

1. The decision on the issue is made at its own discretion by the state. This decision does not always coincide with the needs of the people. Commands from above (from the government) come down (to enterprises). They must comply with the state plan, which indicates what to produce. The state guarantees the manufacturer the sale of products. Due to the approximate nature of planning (plans), there is always a shortage (shortage) of some goods and an excess of others.

1. The decision on the issue is made by individuals and firms at their own discretion. The state (government) does not give them commands. The market forces the production of only those goods that people need, otherwise they cannot be sold. The manufacturer is very risky, as there is no guarantee that he will be able to sell his product.

2. The issue is solved from generation to generation in the same way, automatically, according to tradition. In countries with such economies, technological progress is not developed. The standard of living is consistently low.

2. The issue is decided by the state. The main thing for enterprises is to fulfill the state plan. Due to the focus of production on the plan, and not on profit, enterprises have little interest in updating production equipment, in improving the technology for manufacturing goods. All products of enterprises belong to the state.

3. The issue is decided according to custom. The rules of trade have long been established. Prices change infrequently

2. The issue is resolved by individuals and firms who choose the most advanced production technology, because all the goods produced do not belong to the state, but to the manufacturer, and the more of them, the richer he is. Competition (rivalry) between firms that produce homogeneous products makes it necessary to look for best ways production.

2. The issue is resolved by individuals and firms who choose the most advanced production technology, because all the goods produced do not belong to the state, but to the manufacturer, and the more of them, the richer he is. Competition (rivalry) between firms producing homogeneous products makes it necessary to look for the best methods of production.

3. The issue is decided according to custom. The rules of trade have long been established. Prices change infrequently

3. The issue is decided by the state. All produced goods are distributed by the government on the principles of equality. Prices for goods are set by the state and are not reviewed for a long time.

3. The issue is resolved by private manufacturers. The goods are produced for those who have the money to buy them, and if there are not enough goods, then those who can pay more will get them. There is inequality because people have miscellaneous income. There are free prices: they are not set by the state, but depend on the demand for goods offered for sale and their quantity. The shortage of goods causes an increase in its price, which means that the one who has money will buy it.

3. The issue is resolved by private manufacturers. The goods are produced for those who have the money to buy them, and if there are not enough goods, then those who can pay more will get them. There is inequality because people have different incomes. There are free prices: they are not set by the state, but depend on the demand for goods offered for sale and their quantity. The shortage of goods causes an increase in its price, which means that the one who has money will buy it.

The concept of an economic system.

Types economic systems.

Traditional economy (subsistence economy, traditional production, community property).

Market economy (private property, motivation, competition, freedom of enterprise, market pricing).

command economy(state property, Gosplan, state regulation and pricing).

mixed economy(state and private property, market pricing and state regulation).

Taking into account the fact that, in a resource-limited environment, the problem economic choice unavoidable, humanity throughout its history has developed several ways to distribute a limited amount of resources between alternative goals.

An economic system is a way of organizing relationships between economic agents that determines the answers to the questions: “What to produce?”, “How to produce?” and “For whom to produce?”

Economic agents - subjects of economic relations, involved in the production, distribution and consumption economic benefits. The main economic agents are individuals (households), firms, and the state.

System attributes:

· Property Institutions: Resources can be owned by society (or the state as its representative), or privately owned.

· Decision mechanisms.Decision making can be centralized when commands about the use of resources are issued by the government and decentralized when resources are allocated according to the decision of individual participants economic activity.

· Forms of motivation: people are involved in economic activity, guided by some motives. These can be economic (high incomes) and non-economic incentives, the latter are very diverse and range from moral satisfaction to fear of punishment.

A certain "set" of property rights, decision-making mechanisms and forms of ownership characterizes type economic system.

Traditional economic system

A traditional economic system is an economic system in which the main economic problems Societies - what, how and for whom to produce - are decided mainly on the basis of traditional patriarchal, tribal, semi-feudal hierarchical ties between people.

At its core, the traditional economy is a set of subsistence farms in which the bulk of the products are produced for own consumption, and not for sale. The most important economic units of the traditional economy are small family farms within the rural community and larger farms of the tribal aristocracy. Within the traditional economy, there is a natural and rudimentary social division of labor, a primitive traditional technology for cultivating the land, raising livestock, and handicrafts. In a traditional economy, customs fix not only the set of goods produced, but also the distribution of occupations. In India, for example, people were divided into castes of priests, warriors, artisans, and servants. No one could choose a profession at will. A man necessarily inherited his father's craft. Thus, the distribution of labor resources was dictated by indestructible centuries-old traditions. The same can be said about the choice of produced goods and technologies. The same products were produced from generation to generation, while the production methods remained the same as they were hundreds of years ago. On the one hand, this allowed hereditary artisans to achieve the highest level of skill, on the other hand, nothing new was invented or produced. Technological progress and the growth of production efficiency were impossible, because each artisan copied the methods of work of his teachers. Any improvements are strictly prohibited. Every detail in the production process was enshrined in special rules. Consequently, labor productivity has remained at the same level for centuries.

The volume and structure of needs and production in the traditional economy are determined by traditions, habits, beliefs, family relations, hierarchical relations within the clan and community, and change little over time. These traditions, passed down from generation to generation, determine both the motivation of the labor of producers and the mechanism for distributing the products of labor. Along with egalitarian distribution taking into account gender and age, there are elements of unequal distribution depending on the place occupied in the social hierarchy and depending on the results of work.

In the socio-economic structure of the traditional economy, one can single out collective (communal) ownership of the means of production, private family property, semi-feudal property of the tribal aristocracy. Communal property, as a rule, includes arable land, pastures, reservoirs, forests. IN modern world traditional economy plays a significant role only in developing countries Tropical Africa, South and Southeast Asia. The existence of a traditional economy next to a rapidly developing market economy leads to its rebirth and transformation into a market economy.

One of the few advantages that exists in the traditional economy is that the role of individuals is clearly defined. Every member of society knows exactly what he must do.

On the other hand, the traditional economy is defenseless against any external changes, such as climate change, attack from outside. The old traditions do not correspond to the new conditions, and the formation of new ones takes centuries. A striking example: the traditional pastoralism of the inhabitants of North Africa led to the disappearance of vegetation and the formation of the Sahara Desert. Apparently, with a more flexible economic system, this process could, if not completely prevented, then, by at least, significantly slow down.

Command-administrative economy

The traditional economic system is based on traditions passed down from generation to generation. Traditions and customs determine production technologies, types of goods and services produced. IN economic role each member of society is dominated by heredity and caste. Modern technologies and innovations are not applied, manual labor is widely used. Currently, the traditional economy is found in a small number of developing countries.

What is an economic system? In each state at different times there was and is a certain system of the economy. It is possible to characterize the economic system by combining elements consisting of laws, norms, traditions, values, institutions, with the help of which society solves the problems of economic management, and a set of economic and social relations consumers and producers.

Comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of economic systems is carried out according to the following criteria:

the predominant form of management - in-kind or commodity form housekeeping;
the main types of property - communal, cooperative-public, private and mixed;
ways of making decisions on the distribution of income. Community-leveling system (income is distributed among the factors of production) and distribution according to the quality and quantity of the labor contribution;
the degree of state intervention - free, economically regulated, administrative-command and mixed economic systems;
a way of coordinating the actions of business entities - traditional, market and planned systems of the economy;
degree of openness to international relations– closed and open systems;
degree of maturity - emerging, developed and degrading systems.

IN modern economy economic systems are classified into 4 main types with characteristic properties:

Traditional.
Administrative-command (planned).
Market.
Mixed.

The earliest form, formed in antiquity, is the traditional economy, when the economic and economic activity, interpersonal relations in society and the system of distribution of material wealth are determined by the principles of traditions and customs.

A distinctive feature of the command-administrative (centralized) system is the predominant role of the state in the economy and a minimum of market relations. The state regulates the main economic processes:

location of production;
supply and distribution channels;
fixing wages and allowances;
establishment .

The main features of a market economic system are considered to be developed social institutions and the participation of citizens in governance. At market economy material goods must be distributed by self-regulating mechanisms of supply and demand. Consequently, the best material goods will be acquired by citizens who have necessary capital. On the other hand, other people are not prohibited from founding their own business, investing labor, developing as a subject of the economy and acquiring the status of a person with capital.

Distinctive features of the traditional economy

The main features of a traditional society:

Non-market economy originated in the deep past, and is based on natural production, that is, the manufacture of products for one's own consumption. The economic entities at that time were the family, clan, tribe, community.

The traditional economic system is characterized by the predominance of peasant and handicraft farms, where the descendants inherit the occupations of their ancestors. The main feature of this economy is that the property belongs to individual farms, and each owner has the right to dispose of their own resources.

Signs of a traditional economy are:

slow introduction and development of modern technologies;
power is built on traditional tribal relations;
semi-feudal socio-economic system;
characterized by widespread use of manual labor;
farms make up the bulk of the economy;
there is no or underdeveloped extractive industry;
exploitation of the lower classes and restriction of their rights and freedoms;
science does not develop;
only a small stratum of society, which is the ruling elite, can get an education;
the political views of the people are subjected to religious or military pressure.

The main characteristic of the traditional economic system is the low degree of development of production technologies, which is the reason for low labor productivity. The traditional economy characteristic of this type of economy is subsistence farming (farming, hunting, gathering predominates). The introduction of modern technologies causes the destruction of the foundations of such an economy.

Characterizes the traditional system weak economic connection between settlements. This hinders the stable development of the economy, and forces people to take on hard physical labor. The signs also include the traditional communities themselves, which are a condition for the survival of a large group of people, but hinder progress.

Underdeveloped trade can characterize the traditional economic system. Due to low labor productivity, there is no surplus left in the community that can be sold. Trade relations even with the nearest villages are very weak. This contributes to the consolidation of entrenched orders and hinders the introduction of new technologies.

The hallmark of the traditional economy is social and economic stagnation. The development of society is very slow or does not develop at all. The community has retained its way of life since ancient times. An example from history where this happened and led to disaster is the indigenous people of America and Africa.

Economic reasons first cause stagnation, then it is fixed by a system of informal institutions that make up the total traditions and customs of the country. Traditions are involved in regulating the distribution of political power and economic resources. The traditional economy is characterized by:

Dogmatism.
Inability to adapt to changing conditions.
The rigor of execution.

With such a way of society, there is a predominance of the agricultural sector in production. The main value for such communities is food products, since low labor productivity barely allows farmers to feed themselves, and the imperfection of technology with a high birth rate of the population causes the problem of starvation.

Influence of state and religion

Under the traditional economic system, primitive power structures are typical. In most cases, the form of government in such communities is an absolute monarchy, supported by an extensive military estate. The upper classes own the main resources and material goods.

Political power in such a society does not provide social guarantees and development, but collects rent for the upper classes. The state has no social orientation and carries out the forcible preservation of the existing order.

The traditional economy is based on caste and estate division of society and is supported by state violence. The main systemic principle of such a society is the desire of the ruling class to continue to regularly extract rent and maintain the usual way of life of society, and not to introduce modern technologies and innovation.

The state is not the only institution that regulates the economy in traditional societies. Religion plays a significant role in such a society. Religious institutions are being introduced into power structures and formed into a privileged class, which is also interested in collecting and receiving rent. Religious institutions consolidate and substantiate the practice of state violence against those who are trying to change the existing social order.

Pros and cons of the traditional economic system

Table of advantages and disadvantages:

Advantages	Flaws
Relative stability	Slow or absent social and technological progress, low labor productivity
Predictability. The current order has been preserved for centuries, there are no significant social upheavals	Society adapts poorly to external influences, poor resistance to conquerors and natural disasters
High quality and quality of material goods. Craftsmen produce goods using technologies that are inherited by their ancestors and maintain quality	Private property under such a system is a very shaky institution. In a society where the right to property is enforced by violence, private enterprise slows down not only low level technologies, but also low guarantees for the safety of manufacturers
	Society's problems are exacerbated by religious institutions and a monarchical way of life. The state does not contribute to modernization and progress, but hinders them

Acceptance methods economic decisions, ways to attract people to economic activities - traditional economy team economy market economy

A market economy is a variety of forms of ownership, limited state intervention, a change in the structure of production and consumption.

The traditional economy is extremely primitive technology, the predominance of manual labor, communal ownership of the means of production.

Command economy - state ownership of almost all economic resources, strong monopolization, the state completely controls the entire economic process.

PLEASE REALLY NEED ANYTHING OF THIS
1. A certain group of people united for communication, joint activities- This

2 . Similarities in animal behavior and human activities

1) goal setting 2) expediency 3) creative activity 4) transformation of nature

3 . Are the statements true?

A. The diverse ties that arise between social groups in the process of economic, political, cultural activities called social relations.

B. A person can independently determine or change the purpose of the activity.

4. Are the statements true?

A. Material culture includes scientific theories, works of art, and morality.

B. The social sciences include archeology, political science, aesthetics, and social psychology.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are true 4) both judgments are wrong

5. Sign of society as a system:

1) constant changes in public life 2) the presence of spheres of society 3) degradation of the elements of society

6 . Separated from nature, but closely connected with it, part of the world, which includes the ways of interaction between people and the forms of their unification, is

1) active community 2) scientific association 3) society 4) stage of historical development

7. The difference between animal behavior and human activity

1) goal-setting 2) expediency 3) care for offspring 4) self-preservation

8 . Are the statements true?

A. In a broad sense, "culture" is everything created by man.

B. Both animal behavior and human activity are expedient.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are true 4) both judgments are wrong

9 . Are the statements true?

A. Spiritual culture includes household items, railways, equipment enterprises.

B. The social sciences include cultural studies, jurisprudence, economics, and history.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are true 4) both judgments are wrong

10 . Sign of society as a dynamic system:

1) the presence of spheres of society 2) constant changes in public life

3) a person is a universal element of society 4) the presence of different groups

11 . A holistic view of nature, society, man, which is expressed in the system of values and ideals of the individual, social group, societies are

1) nature centrism 2) science centrism 3) worldview 4) sociocentrism

12 . The process of mastering knowledge and skills, ways of behavior is called:

1) education 2) adaptation 3) socialization 4) modernization

13 . The form of interaction inherent only to man with the outside world is

1) need 2) activity 3) goal 4) program

14 . Definition by a person of himself as a person capable of making independent decisions, entering into certain relationships with other people and nature:

1) socialization 2) education 3) self-realization 4) self-consciousness

15. The form of interaction inherent only to man with the outside world is

1) need 2) activity 3) goal 4) program.

16. The term "society" Not includes the concept:

1) Form of association of people

2) Parts of the material world

3) Natural habitat

4) Ways of interaction of people

17 . The transition from slash-and-burn to arable farming is an example of the relationship:

1) Society and nature

2) Societies and cultures

3) Economy and religion

4) Civilizations and formation

18. All examples, except for two, refer to the concept of "social needs". Give extra examples.

Creation of cultural values, labor activity, communication, social activity,

participation in the game, sleep.

19. Complete the sentences:

1) According to the need for the reproduction of the genus, a social

institute - ....

2) Man is a product of biological, cultural and social ....

3) What is most precious is sacred both for one person and for all mankind

4)Accordingly public needs formed social...

5) The origin of man is called ....

6) Perfection, the highest goal of human striving, is ...

20. Spiritual and physical in man:

1) precede each other

2) Connected to each other

3) Oppose each other

4) Independent from each other

21. The hallmark of a person is

1)Satisfaction

2) Adaptation to environment

3) Understanding the world and yourself

4) Use of tools

22 . Gennady has the knowledge and ability to protect personal rights, respects the rights of others, strictly fulfills his duties, and abides by the laws of the country. What qualities does Gennady have?

1) Citizenship

2) Conscience

3) Patriotism

4) Responsibility

1)-active society
2)-transformation of nature

3) a and b-correct

4) only b is true
5) constant changes in public life

6) the stage of development of society

7) expediency

8) only a is true

9) only b is true

10) the presence of spheres

11) worldview

12)adaptation

13) need

14) socialization

13.-2 14.-4 21.-4

Ways to attract people to economic activities:
1) traditional economy
2) command economy
3) market economy

1) The traditional economic system is a way of organizing economic life in which land and capital are held in common by the tribe, and limited resources are distributed in accordance with long-standing traditions.
The questions of what goods and services for whom and how to produce are decided on the basis of traditions passed down from generation to generation.
Advantages: 1) stability of society; 2) a sufficiently high quality of the goods produced.
Disadvantages: 1) lack of technical progress; 2) poor adaptability to changing external conditions; 3) the limited number of goods produced.
2) Command (centralized, directive, planned) economic system - a way of organizing economic life, in which capital and land are owned by the state, and the distribution of limited resources is carried out according to the instructions of the central government and in accordance with plans.
Advantages: 1) the ability to concentrate all the forces and means of society to solve any problem (mobilization opportunities); 2) guarantees people the necessary minimum of life's blessings, providing confidence in the future; 3) avoids unemployment, although general employment is achieved, as a rule, by artificially curbing the growth of labor productivity.
Disadvantages: 1) the inability to accurately plan all the needs of society and allocate resources accordingly, which leads to overproduction of some goods and a shortage of others; 2) lack of incentive to produce quality goods; 3) lack of economic freedom among citizens.
3) Market economic system - a way of organizing economic life, in which capital and land are owned by individuals, and limited resources are distributed through markets.
A market economy is an economy dominated by a private form of ownership, economic activity is carried out by economic entities at their own expense, all major decisions are made by them at their own peril and risk.
Fundamentals of the market system: 1) the right to private property; 2) economic freedom; 3) competition.
Private property is the socially recognized right of individuals and their associations to own, use and dispose of a certain volume (part) of any type of economic resources.
Advantages: 1) flexibility, the ability to adapt to changing conditions; 2) the presence of incentives to technical progress; 3) rational (?) use of resources.
Weaknesses: 1) failure to ensure income equality, stable high level life; 2) weak interest in fundamental scientific research; 3) development instability (crises, inflation); 4) inefficient use of irreplaceable resources; 5) absence full time and price stability.

C5) In addition, an important condition is the rivalry between sellers and buyers for the right to best use their economic resources, i.e. competition. Thanks to it, commodity producers are forced to find ways to produce goods at minimal cost, at the lowest price and of the best possible quality. Otherwise, they will not be able to sell the product and the buyer will prefer to buy a similar product from a competing firm, because buyers also compete with each other for the right to buy the product at the lowest price.
In this text, competition is viewed from the positive side.
C6)
I agree with the statement that market economy is the most efficient economy. In order to confirm your words, you need to remember the functions of the economy. For example, the market economy has a stimulating function. It encourages market participants to look for more profitable terms production and purchase of goods. Also, do not forget about the sanitizing function of the market. It is thanks to her that the market gets rid of economically unprofitable enterprises.

Check out my homework, it's just that the semester grade for this assignment makes a huge difference!
The task itself:

"In Russia, the transition from full and unconditional employment to social production, corresponding to the universality and obligation of labor under socialism, to a system of economic activity that meets the criteria market economy, took place. More than half of the economically active population does not work state structures, but for themselves, they work at enterprises and in organizations of a private-corporate type. At the same time, 15% are employed in small businesses. About 9% are classified according to the ILO methodology as unemployed. ..

The proportions of the distribution of employees have changed in favor of those industries business activity which has increased due to market transformations: trade and catering, logistics and trade intermediation, lending, finance and insurance. .. In terms of the share of unemployed in total strength economically active population, our country has almost caught up with Great Britain, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden.

The visible metamorphoses of employment reflected changes in the nature and content of "directly social labor." From collective-compulsory activity in the production of planned products and services of a given quantity and assortment, labor becomes a way of existence of economically independent commodity producers. Public and collective labor is being replaced by private individual labor.

The revolution in property and the institutional transformations that accompanied it in the economy led to the fact that millions of people who were previously engaged in systematically organized professional work for the state tested their strengths and abilities in hitherto pursued entrepreneurship and in small business, where labor, property and management are merged ( control). Almost 1/4 of those employed in the private sector are non-wage workers. Their activities combine professional and innovative work in various proportions, and at the same time management work with performance work.

1. What are the problems of the social and labor sphere of life Russian society identifies and considers the author?

2. Name the changes that have taken place in the content and nature of social labor, the position of the employee as a result of market transformations.

3. What does I. Zaslavsky mean by stating: “In Russia, the transition from full and unconditional employment in social production. .. Towards a system of economic activity that meets the criteria of a market economy has taken place”? Based on the text, find explanations for this statement.

1. 1) Half of the economically active population does not work for the state.

2) Public and collective work is being replaced by private individual labor.

2. The command economy has been replaced by a market economy.

3. I. Zaslavsky meant that there would be changes in the system of economic activity, that is, "from full and unconditional employment in social production" (command economy) "to a system of economic activity" (to a market one).

Did I answer the questions correctly?

In 1 - 2) rather than a problem, but an addition to question 2

1) answer from 1 - correct + one more problem - unemployment,

correct, but add 2) from 1 question

the organization of labor has become more complicated, private entrepreneurship has expanded, business activity has increased in such sectors as trade, supply, credit, insurance, the number of unemployed has increased

Right

1. Fill in the table
Production

Distribution

Consumption

Enter the listed types of economic activity in the appropriate column of the table: production of Christmas decorations; preparation of a family spending plan for the month; breakfast in the school cafeteria; visit to the hairdresser; payment of allowances to families for children; use of lighting in everyday life; purchase of equipment for a hiking trip.

2. Is there a connection between the concepts of "economy" and "wealth"? Illustrate (in writing) your answer with examples.

Write correctly.

Production-manufacturing of Christmas decorations, visits to the hairdresser's.

distribution - drawing up a plan for spending a family for a month, paying benefits to families for children.

exchange-use lighting in everyday life, purchase of equipment for a camping trip!

consumption-breakfast in the school canteen.

wealth is money, and the economy is the economic activity of society!

Help in class and at home!
1. Is it possible to agree with the following statement: Economy is life itself in all its diversity,
2.-
3. Fill in the table Main sectors of the economy
Production Distribution Exchange Consumption
Enter the listed types of economic activity in the appropriate column of the table.
4, Is there a connection between the concepts of "economy" and "wealth"?
Illustrate your answer with examples

1) Personally, I would not agree with this statement, because when people have money, a person can afford almost everything. Even a person can be saved with money. 4) Yes. In economics, wealth is defined as the difference between assets and liabilities this moment time. The opposite of wealth is poverty. Score economic laws, techniques, a person can get rich, accumulate capital, and capital is wealth. After all, there is such a definition "Economics is the science of wealth"

Several correct answers.
#1 Progress in the economic sphere leads to:
1) an increase in the degree of comfort of living.
2) improvement of the moral state of society.
4) decrease in the density of information links.
5) the growth of unlimited human freedom.
No. 2 If the country has a mixed, and not a purely market economy, then the state. better meets the needs of society in the field of:
1) the fight against crime.
3) regulation of the activity of currency exchanges
4) countering international terrorism

1) transmission of knowledge to subsequent generations.
3) establishment of patterns of development of nature and society
4) satisfaction of biological needs.
5) the formation of moral standards.
No. 4 The norms of administrative law govern the legal relationship between:
1) The Government of the Russian Federation and the General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation
2) a foreign citizen and the migration service.
3) the President of the Russian Federation and the head of the subject of the Russian Federation
5) a policeman and a 15-year-old teenager detained for robbery.
Thank you very much in advance!

#1 Progress in the economic sphere leads to:
3) an increase in the quality of goods and services produced.
No. 2 If the country has
2) setting prices for scarce goods.
5) social security of the population.
No. 3 The purpose of human cognitive activity:
2) the acquisition of true knowledge about the environment. world
№4 Rules of administrative law
4)Inspector traffic and pedestrian

1. Plan your text
2. Using the text and social science knowledge, give 2 explanations for the authors' thoughts "who saves and invests more, he produces more in the future".
3. Give 2 explanations for the need for human economic cooperation.
4. How do the authors explain the essence of the problem of economic choice? Why do economic entities in principle have to solve the problem of economic choice? What is the price of choice?
5. Confirm with 3 examples the idea of the authors that "technological progress continues to change our lives today"
FOUR SOURCES OF POPULATION INCOME GROWTH:
The goods and services that create our wealth do not fall from the sky. Their production requires labor and intellectual potential, equipment and investments, organization of the labor process and cooperation of firms. There are four main sources of growth in production and income.
Education, training and experience are the main means of achieving higher qualifications. Improving their skills, people increase the main capital - their own abilities.
Workers will produce more output using better equipment. A lumberjack, for example, will cut down more trees if he uses a modern chainsaw instead of a primitive hacksaw or axe. A truck driver can carry more goods than a cab driver. But equipment and machines are not free. The resources used to produce them could find other uses: in the manufacture of food, clothing, cars and other everyday items.
Economics teaches that those who save and invest more produce more in the future.
The use of human intelligence, inventing new products or more efficient production technologies, is the most important source of economic growth.
Over the past 250 years, the development of technology has literally transformed our lives. First the steam engine, then the internal combustion engine, electricity and the nuclear reactor replaced the muscles of man and animals as the main source of energy. Automobiles, buses, trains, and planes have replaced the horse and cart as the main means of transportation. Technological advances continue to change our lives today. Laser players, microcomputers, text editors, microwaves, video cameras, tape recorders, car air conditioners have significantly changed the nature of our work and leisure over the past twenty years.
Historically, changes in legislation have always been an important source of economic progress. In the XVIII century. The patent system gave investors the right to private ownership of ideas. Around the same time, the recognition of the corporation as legal entity facilitated the creation of large firms required for the mass production of manufactured goods. These progressive changes in the economic organization of society contributed to the growth of production in Europe and North America.
Effective economic organization society promotes the economic cooperation of people and directs resources to the production of goods they need. Its main characteristics are discussed in more detail in the next section.

Plan: 1) Goods and services that create our wealth
2) Education, training and experience
3)Production of workers of large products
4) Using human intelligence to invent new products
5)Technological progress over the past 250 years
6) Historical changes in legislation
7) Effective economic organization of society
2) Thanks to savings and the economy, you can develop much more than when a lot of costs go into one investment
3) 1. Economic cooperation is necessary for economic progress to occur
2. Economic cooperation of people and directs resources to the production of goods they need.
or 3) Improving their skills, people increase the main capital - their own abilities.
4) The authors explain this by the fact that expenses can sometimes go large for small needs; Because both goods will take a lot of money; The price of choice is economic progress
5) 1. Thanks to technological progress, we can invent a lot
2. Simplifies our everyday life
3. Helps us in education

Ways of making economic decisions (p.t.4). traditional economy. command economy. Market economy. In accordance with customs and traditions. Through orders and directives from top to bottom. With the help of the market.

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Economy

"The subject of economics" - Many recipes for economic prudence. The economy is life. NGOs. inflation rate. The country can develop steadily. He had to get to the bottom of it economic processes. Economics is a wonderful science. Competition must be protected. Functions of money. What is profit. Photo of a student looking up thoughtfully.

"The economic sphere of society" - Production. Man in the world of economic relations. The structure of the economic system. State. Economy. What is the economic sphere. The economic sphere of society. Objective analysis of the economic sphere. Characteristics of economic systems. Who is the smartest. factors of production. Group work.

"Economics and Economic Science" - Later, there is a desire to find a place in life, to gain social recognition, etc. economic science combines features of exact and descriptive sciences. Payment for the use of labor in production activities is wage. The owner of capital advanced for production receives an income called interest.

"Basic Problems of Economics" - Production Possibility Curve. Assumptions of the CPV model. Economic efficiency. Quantity. Curve shift to the right. An increase in opportunity costs. KPV model. Opportunity cost estimation. The main problems of the economy. Rejection of some initial assumptions of the KPV model. Maximum principle.

"Economics" Grade 5" - Motto. Aristotle. Worker. Economic relations. Workbook. Master. Law. What does a person need to live. economic interests. Farm types. Examples of subsistence farming. Economy. Economy.

"Man and Economy" - Golden hands of the worker. The economy as a sphere of human activity. Types and forms of business. Economy and its main participants. Profit. The skill of an employee consists of special knowledge and skills. What do you know about. Production: costs, revenue, profit. Business forms. Business (entrepreneurship) - economic activity.

There are 25 presentations in total in the topic