Account 77 "Delayed tax liabilities" is intended to summarize information on the presence and movement of deferred tax liabilities.

Deferred tax liabilities are accepted for accounting in the amount determined as the product of taxable temporary differences arising in reporting period, at the income tax rate in force on the reporting date.

The credit of account 77 "Deferred tax liabilities" in correspondence with the debit of account 68 "Calculations on taxes and fees" reflects deferred tax, which reduces the amount of conditional expense (income) of the reporting period.

The debit of account 77 "Deferred tax liabilities" in correspondence with the credit of account 68 "Calculations on taxes and fees" reflects the reduction or full repayment of deferred tax liabilities against accruals of income tax for the reporting period.

A deferred tax liability upon disposal of an asset object or type of liability for which it was accrued is written off from the debit of account 77 "Deferred tax liabilities" to the credit of account 99 "Profit and losses".

Analytical accounting of deferred tax liabilities is carried out by types of assets or liabilities in the valuation of which a taxable temporary difference has arisen.

Account 77 "Deferred tax liabilities"
corresponds with accounts

Chart of accounts application: account 77

• Temporary tax differences: causes and features of accounting

  With the credit of account 77 "Deferred tax liabilities". Deferred tax assets (ITA) are recorded in the debit of account 09 "Deferred tax assets" in ... 68 subaccount "Income tax" 77 "Deferred tax liability" 3,133.33 The amount is reflected ... 68 subaccount "Income tax" 77 “Deferred tax liability” 64,904.4 Reflected the amount ... 68 sub-account “Income tax” 77 “Deferred tax liability” 90,000 Reflected the amount IT ...

• Tachograph. Accounting and taxation

  The corresponding deferred tax liability (IT), which is reflected on the credit of account 77 "Deferred tax liabilities" in ... correspondence with the debit of account 68 "... is reflected in the entry on the debit of account 77 and the credit of account 68 (Instructions for use ... Reduced IT (1000 X 20%) 77 "Deferred tax liability" 68 / Income tax 200 ... as a result of these operations, the balance of account 77 will be equal to zero, which ...

• The procedure for filling out the balance sheet in a general form. Example

  Reserve account for long-term financial investments). Line 1180 "Deferred tax ... 55, sub-account "Deposit accounts" (analytical accounts for accounting for financial investments). Line ... decrypted). Line 1420 "Deferred tax liabilities" = Kt 77. Line 1430 "Estimated ... credit balance account 60 + credit balance of account 62 + credit balance of account 69 + credit ... balance of account 70. The result ...

• Temporary tax differences in the creation of provisions for doubtful debts

  In accounting for expenses and liabilities than possible income and ... the taxpayer to the counterparty of a counter liability (accounts payable) has a doubtful debt ... a reserve, at the expense of such a reserve (paragraph 77 of the Regulations). In tax accounting, expenses ... Debit 68 Credit 09 - a deferred tax asset is written off. Unfortunately, we don't have... an asset or a liability in the statement of financial position And tax value... of that asset or liability. Along with...

• Let's talk about tariff regulation

  IN financial reporting balances on the account of deferred regulatory differences arising from ... a difference (by analogy with a deferred tax liability), which indicates the possible ... that deferred taxes are recorded on account 09 (IT) and on account 77 (IT...). The question arises as to which account ... will be the counterpart to the accounts we have entered ... of each class of credit balances in the regulatory deferral account. Information that...

• Interest on loans is included in the cost of investment assets

  Associated with the fulfillment of debt obligations on borrowed funds, ... returned on time. The following sub-accounts are established by the working chart of accounts: 66- ... . x 20%) 68-pr 77 27 900 Interest paid to the bank... . x 20%) 68-pr 77 27,000 Fixed assets object accepted... temporary differences and corresponding deferred tax liabilities (clauses 12, 15 of PBU... work completed, and promissory note not repaid, then the interest ... . x 20%) 68-pr 77 3 720 September 2017... . x 20%) 68-pr 77 3,600 Modernization costs...

• What to look for when preparing annual financial statements for 2017

  The rules have one exception. Deferred tax assets and liabilities can be reflected in the balance sheet ... according to accounting "Estimated liabilities, contingent liabilities And contingent assets"(PBU ... line "Estimated liabilities" balance sheet(credit balance on account 96 “Reserves ... of the director to write off the specified debt (paragraph 77 of the Regulations on maintaining accounting... communications, utility bills, bills of lading, invoices; untimely submission to the accounting department ...

• Disqualification of a director as a result of gross accounting irregularities, including the absence of an audit report

  dated March 30, 2016 No. 77-FZ) (see the journal "Accountant of Tatarstan ... accounting in accounting registers; - maintaining accounting accounts outside the applicable registers ... the norm, authorized to draw up officials tax authorities(Article 28.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses ... the tax authorities can during the field trip tax audit. And what for it ... can: - not reflect estimated liabilities, contingent liabilities and contingent assets, including ... between accounting and tax profit, permanent and deferred tax assets and liabilities (clause 2 ...

• Overview of changes in the accounting of budgetary organizations since 2016

  000 Liabilities assumed 502 09 000 Deferred liabilities Off-balance accounts 27 Material ... items 77 and 78 of Instruction No. 174n are supplemented by the following correspondence of accounts for ... value added in the manner prescribed tax legislation RF; presented by suppliers ... vacations, including wages (deferred obligations for vacation pay for actually ... analytical codes of the type of synthetic account: 7 "Assumed obligations"; 9 "Deferred obligations". Order of the Ministry of Finance No. ...

The rules under which income and expenses are recorded for taxation and compilation purposes. financial statements, have a number of differences. In this regard, the amounts reflected in some documents do not coincide with the indicators of others. As a result, reporting is often difficult.

PBU 18/02

This provision was introduced to reflect differences in tax amounts in reporting. PBU differentiates indicators into permanent and temporary. The former include income / expenses that are reflected in accounting, but are never taken into account tax base. They can also be taken into account when determining the latter, but are not subject to fixation in the accounting documentation. Temporary refers to receipts / costs that are shown in the statements in one period, and for taxation purposes are accepted in a different time period. These differences result in a deferred tax liability. This PBU also provides for a certain procedure for reflecting deductions from profits. Conditional expense/income is equal to the product of the rate of payment to the budget and The adjustment of this indicator is affected by deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, as well as permanent differences. As a result, the amount that is reflected in the declaration is determined.

Terminology

Deferred tax liability is that part of the deduction to the budget, which in the next period should lead to an increase in the amount of the payment. For brevity, the abbreviation IT is used in practice. A deferred tax liability is a temporary difference that occurs if pre-tax income is greater than what is reported. To determine the indicator, the formula is used:

IT = profit deduction rate x time difference.

Deferred tax liability: account

The accounting documentation provides for a special article for which IT is reflected. This is sch. 77. Deferred tax liabilities on the balance sheet are shown in line 1420. In the statement of losses / profits, this value is reflected in line 2430.

SHE

If the deductible difference is multiplied by the rate of deduction, the result is the amount already paid to the budget, but subject to credit in the forthcoming period. This value is called a deferred asset. SHE - a positive difference between the current, actual deduction and conditional expense in the amount calculated from the profit. It is written off from the account. 09. If depreciation is provided for in the future cycle, then in accounting it is not charged to fixed assets, but in tax accounting it is calculated.

Temporal Difference (THD)

It is determined similarly to the method given for IT. However, this quantity has the opposite sign. A deferred tax liability is an amount that results in higher payments to the budget in future periods. These fees will need to be paid later.

Specificity

Deferred tax liabilities are accounted for in the period in which the relevant differences arise. To better understand the essence, you can take VAT on profits when determining the moment when the amounts to be deducted to the budget in the upcoming cycle appear. As a future deduction, VAT is reflected in the account. 76. The IT is fixed in the same way, only under article 77.

Adjustments

As the temporary difference decreases or eliminates, the deferred liability will also decrease. In the analytics of the article, the information will be adjusted. Upon disposal of an item of an asset or liability for which accruals were made, these amounts will not affect the amount of the accrual in future periods. In such cases, the IT is written off. Deferred liabilities are reflected in the profit and loss account. They are shown in the debit account. 99. At the same time, cf. 77 are credited. In the reporting period, in the process of determining the indicator on line 2420, the repaid amount and the indicator of newly arisen ITs are entered. When filling in lines 2430, 2450, the "debit-credit" rule should be used. According to 09 and 77 subtract the expenditure from the income turnover, then determine the sign of the result. In the reporting, in the corresponding lines, a positive or negative (in brackets) value is indicated. If the IT changes in the direction of increasing, the deduction from profit will decrease. Conversely, if it decreases, the payment will increase.

Current deduction from profit

It consists of the amount actually paid to the budget within the reporting period. This value is calculated on the basis of the size of the conditional income/expense, as well as its adjustments for the indicators used in the formation of IT, IT and fixed payments. For calculations, therefore, apply the formula:

TN \u003d UR (UD) + PNO - PNA + SHE - IT.

The calculation model is defined in PBU 18/02, in paragraph 21. You can check the correctness of the calculation using an alternative formula:

Practical use

How is deferred tax liability shown? An example can be given as follows. Let's say an organization has purchased a computer program. Software cost - 8 thousand rubles. At the same time, the developers limited the period of use of the program. In this regard, the director of the enterprise ordered to write off the costs of purchasing software for two years. In the financial documentation, the amount is included in deferred costs. It is allowed in tax accounting to write off the cost of the program at a time as expenses. As a result, there was a temporary difference. The conditional payment from profit will be higher than the current one by the value of IT: 8000 x the deduction rate. This will be reflected in the financial statements as follows:

In this case, the article, which reflects the amount of upcoming payments, acts as a passive balance sheet. It accumulates tax amounts that are subject to additional payment in future periods. It is written off in the coming cycles. In this example computer program dropped out of tax reporting. Accordingly, it does not affect the costs of the enterprise in any way. In accounting, on the contrary, write-offs apply only to a certain part of the program, which falls on the current financial period. Information is displayed in the following way:

• Dt c. 20 cd sc. 97 - part of the cost of the computer program (not including VAT);
• Dt c. 19/04 Cd sc. 97 - deduction amount

In such a situation, the amount of the current payment to the budget will be more than the conditional one. Part of the latter must be paid. In postings, a debit turnover is obtained.

Due to the existing discrepancies when taking into account expenditure and income items for calculation and for accounting, a discrepancy arises in the size of the amount accrued for payment on profit according to the accounting method and indicated in the tax return.

Definition and occurrence of deferred liabilities

The resulting discrepancy in the accrued tax amount is reflected in special reporting (according to the provision of PBU 18/02 for accounting for income tax calculations).

According to PBU, indicators are divided into two types: temporary and permanent. The former include those reflected at one time (period) as costs / receipts and accounted for in a different period for taxation. Indicators of the second type in the form of income or expenses are not taken into account according to the taxable base, but are taken into account according to accounting or vice versa. As a result of the resulting discrepancy in the amount of profit before tax, which is greater in terms of income from accounting methodology accounting than tax, was the emergence of deferred tax liability (IT).

IT represents the deferred portion of income tax that results in an increase in income tax in future temporary reporting periods. These liabilities are recognized in the cycle in which the related temporary differences occur.

IT \u003d Taxable temporary differences * amount of deduction from profit (rate)

The reasons for the formation of temporary differences that are accepted for taxation may be:

• difference in depreciation calculation methods in two accounting options (by taxes, accounting method);
• difference in the types of accounting for debit transactions: on a cash basis in accounting and on tax method accrual method;
• discrepancy in accounting and taxation methods of reflection interest payments produced by enterprises using borrowed borrowed money(loans, credits);
• rescheduling (postponement) or payment in installments (installment plan) tax payments by profit.

Reflection of deferred tax liabilities in accounting

To display tax deferred liabilities in accounting documentation, the credit of account 77 is used in tandem with the debit of account 68 (for taxes and fees). For reporting on losses and profits, the display is taken into account in line 2430, for the balance sheet - in line 1420.

For your information! Deferred tax liabilities should not be mixed with permanent tax assets. The source for the appearance of the latter is in the resulting constant discrepancies in accounting methods, accounting and tax. In subsequent periods, permanent differences are not subject to disappearance (both taxable and deductible). Fixed assets are associated with the reflection of certain costs in only one accounting method - in the tax one. For example, the depreciation premium for capital investment does not find expression in accounting award, because such a concept does not exist in accounting.

Calculation example 1. The enterprise acquired a production tool worth 750,000 rubles under leasing. with a term of use equal to 7 years. According to accounting, the depreciation of the acquisition amounted to 50,000 rubles, according to tax method- 150,000 rubles, due to the coefficient 3. Before calculation and taxation, the profit in the first case reached 600,000 rubles, in the second, the taxable base - 500,000 rubles. The income tax rate is 20%.

The difference between the two depreciation values, amounting to 100,000 rubles. (150,000 rubles - 50,000 rubles), seems to be temporary, since after 7 years the amount will be fully accounted for as depreciated for both accounting methods.

This difference leads to the formation of an IT, equal in the example under consideration to 20,000 rubles. (100,000 rubles * 20%).

The correctness of the calculation must be confirmed by the same amount of tax according to the PBU methodology and in the declaration.

Current tax (PBU) = 100,000 rubles. = tax expense for profit (conditional) - IT = 120,000 rubles. (profit of 600,000 rubles * 20%) - 20,000 rubles.

Profit tax indicated in the declaration = 100,000 rubles. = taxable base of 500,000 rubles. * 20%.

Write-off of deferred tax liabilities

When the volume of temporary differences decreases, deferred tax liabilities are reduced and written off. The operation is accompanied by posting to the accounts: Dt 77 (“IT”) / Kt 68 (“Tax calculations”).

Calculation example 2. A deferred liability equal to 100,000 rubles was calculated for the entire volume of temporary differences accounted for by the taxable base by the beginning of the period (500,000 rubles). (500,000 rubles * 20%). Recording on the accounts of the operation for the accrual of 100,000 rubles: Dt 68 / Kt 77.

By the end of the reporting period, there was a partial write-off of temporary differences amounting to total amount 200 000 rub. In this connection, accrued deferred liabilities amount to 40,000 rubles. (200,000 rubles * 20%).

The previously accrued deferred amount is subject to write-off in the amount of RUB 60,000. (100,000 rubles - 40,000 rubles). Recording a write-off operation for 60,000 rubles. according to accounts: Dt 77 / Kt 68.

In the event of disposal of the item in connection with which taxable differences were formed, the accrued liability is subject to write-off in full. The operation performed in this case will be recorded using accounts 77 (Dt) and 99 (Kt) (“Profits, losses”).

Calculation example 3. Initial cost the fixed asset recorded on the balance sheet of the company is 1,000,000 rubles. The calculation of depreciation by the end of the accounting period was carried out by different methods and amounted to 300,000 rubles. accounting and 600,000 rubles. on taxable account. The temporary taxable difference on the object in question amounted to 300,000 rubles. (600,000 rubles - 300,000 rubles). Deferred tax amount - 60,000 rubles. (300,000 rubles * 20%).

The accrual of the amount (60,000 rubles) was made by posting to the accounts: Dt 68 / Kt 77.

When selling - selling - a fixed asset, a deferred liability is required to be written off. Write-off operation of 60,000 rubles. according to the accounts it will look like: Dt 77 / Kt 99.

For your information! In the event of a decrease in the income tax rate, deferred liabilities are also subject to write-off, and in the event of an increase in the rate, additional VAT is charged. Posting affects Dt 84 ch. (“Retained earnings”) / Kt 77 sch. When decreasing, reverse posting is performed.

Taking inventory of deferred tax liabilities

For each enterprise, existing liabilities and assets are subject to mandatory inventory to determine the actual presence of objects and compare it with accounting information (FZ No. 402, 06.12.2011).

The determination of the actual presence of deferred tax amounts is made by comparing the available information obtained by both accounting methods. Upon receipt of discrepancies between indicators of costs or income, it is required to identify the causes and determine the period of their occurrence.

Account balances 77 can be formed not only due to excess tax costs over accounting or accounting income over taxable income, but also due to errors in past reporting periods resulting from:

• non-reflection in the accounting of the full repayment of IT or reduction of its value;
• non-write-off of IT in a situation of disposal of liabilities, assets that served as the basis for accruing the amount;
• records in the form of a temporary, and not a permanent difference between taxable and accounting expenses and receipts.

If the discrepancy discovered during the reconciliation, which led to the appearance of the ONO, exists, then the deferred obligation should be reflected in accounting. If the discovered cause that led to the appearance of IT is later canceled in one of the past periods without reference to IT, then the discrepancy should be recorded in accounting. The registration period is the reporting period in which the inventory was carried out.

The deferred liabilities identified during the target audit can be written off as follows:

1. Error writing. Removal of the amount (Dt 77 count / Kt 68 count) is allowed upon detection of a tax liability (for profit) that is not credited to account 68 and equal to the value of IT (Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 63, 06/28/2010). In other situations, the adjustment is made by comparison with the balance of profit / loss (account 99) or with the account retained earnings(count 84).
2. Write-off of profits of past periods. The method is used when the reasons for the formation and non-writing off from the accounting of deferred liabilities are not detected. IT is written off as the profit of past periods established in the reporting period (Dt 77 sch. / Kt 99 sch.) Based on the order of the company's management, issued based on the results of the inventory and information from the prepared accounting statement.

For your information! IT is allocated to other income using account 99, but not account 91 (accounting for other costs or income). In the future, there is no influence on the value of income tax from the previously formed temporary difference, therefore, the adjustment of the TIT regulates the amount of conditional income on income tax (Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 94, 10/31/2000). In the same way, the write-off of ITW after the inventory (for other income) is assessed.

Accounting is a complex system in which everything is interconnected, some calculations follow from others, and the whole process is strictly regulated on state level. There are a lot of terms and concepts in it that are not always clear to people without specialized education, but it is necessary to understand them in certain situations. This article discusses such a phenomenon as the reflection of deferred tax liabilities in the balance sheet, what kind of phenomenon it is, which requires other nuances of the issue.

Balance sheet

The concept of the balance sheet is necessary in order to proceed to the main issue of the article - deferred tax liabilities in the balance sheet. This is one of the main elements of financial statements containing information about the property and funds of the organization, as well as its obligations to other counterparties and institutions.

Balance sheet, also known as the first form of accounting. reporting, presented in the form of a table, which reflects the property and debts of the organization. Every separate element is reflected in its cell with the assigned code. The assignment of codes is carried out through a special document called the Chart of Accounts. He is officially approved by the Ministry Finance and is used by all organizations operating in the territory of the Russian Federation. The users of the information contained in Form No. 1 are both the organization itself and third-party interested parties, including tax office, contractors, banking structures and others.

Assets and liabilities

The balance sheet is divided into two columns: asset and liability. Each contains lines with a certain property or its source of formation. How do you know if deferred tax liabilities on the balance sheet are an asset or a liability?

There are two groups in the asset balance: current and non-current working capital, that is, which are used in production for less than one year and more, respectively. All this - buildings, equipment, intangible assets, materials, long-term and short-term

The liability reflects the sources of formation of funds listed in the asset: capital, reserves, accounts payable.

Deferred tax liabilities in the balance sheet - what is it?

In accounting, there are two concepts that are similar in name, and therefore can be misleading to an uninformed person. The first is a deferred tax asset (abbreviated as IT), the second is a deferred tax liability (abbreviated as IT). At the same time, the goals and the result of applying these accounting phenomena are opposite. The first phenomenon reduces the amount of taxes that the organization must pay in the following reporting periods. At the same time, the amount of the final profit in the reporting period will be reduced, since the tax payment will be higher.

Deferred tax liability on the balance sheet is a phenomenon that causes an increase net profit in this reporting period. This happens due to the fact that in the following periods the amount of taxes paid will be greater than in the current one. From this, the conclusion is that deferred tax liabilities in the balance sheet are a liability, since the company uses these funds in this moment time as profit, undertaking to pay them in the accounting periods that follow this.

How phenomena such as IT and SHE are formed

The organization simultaneously maintains several types of accounting, namely accounting, tax and management. The emergence of deferred tax assets and liabilities is due to temporary differences in the maintenance of these accounting areas. That is, if in the accounting type of accounting, expenses are recognized later than in tax accounting, and income is recognized earlier, temporary differences in the calculations appear. It turns out that a deferred tax asset is the result of the difference between the amount of tax paid at the moment and calculated with a positive result. The obligation, accordingly, is the difference with a negative result. That is, the company must pay taxes.

Reasons for the temporary difference in settlements

There are several situations in which there is a time gap in the calculations of accounting and tax accounting. You can list them as follows:

• Obtaining by the organization the opportunity to defer the payment of taxes or installment payments.
• The company from work accrued penalties to the counterparty, but the money was not received on time. The same option is possible with the proceeds from the sale.
• In the financial statements, a smaller amount of expenses is indicated than in the tax.
• In boo. accounting and tax use different methods of depreciation, as a result of which there was a difference in the calculations.

Reflection in Form No. 1

Since obligations are among the sources of formation Money and property of the organization, they belong to the liability of the balance sheet. In the balance sheet, deferred tax liabilities are current assets. Accordingly, in the table they are reflected in the right column. This indicator refers to the fourth section - " long term duties". This section contains several amounts related to different sources. Each of them is assigned its own individual code, which is also called the line number. Deferred tax liabilities in the balance sheet are line 515.

Calculus and adjustments

ITs are taken into account strictly in the period in which they were identified. In order to calculate the amount of liabilities, it is necessary tax rate multiply by the temporary taxable difference.

It is gradually repaid with decreasing temporary differences. Information on the amount of the obligation is adjusted on the analytical accounts of the relevant item. If the object on which the obligation arose is withdrawn from circulation, in the future these amounts will not affect income tax. Then they need to be written off. Deferred tax liabilities in the balance sheet are account 77. That is, the entry for which liabilities for retired taxable objects are written off will look like this: DT 99 KT 77. Liabilities are written off to the profit and loss account.

Calculation of net income and current tax

Current income tax - the amount of the actual payment made to the state budget. The amount of tax is determined based on the difference between income and expenses, adjustments to this amount, deferred liabilities and assets, as well as permanent tax liabilities (TLT) and assets (TLT). All these components add up to the following calculation formula:

TN \u003d UD (UR) + PNO - PNA + SHE - IT, where:

• TN - current income tax.
• UD (UR) - specific income (specific consumption).

This formula uses not only deferred, but also permanent assets and tax liabilities. The difference between them is that in the case of constants there are no temporary differences. These amounts are always present in the account throughout the entire process. economic activity organizations.

Calculation of net profit is made according to the formula:

PE \u003d BP + SHE - IT - TN, where:

• BP - profit recorded in accounting.

Stages of calculation and reflection in accounting

To reflect all the above phenomena and procedures in accounting, certain postings are used based on the approved accounting plan accounts. At the first stage of generating postings and making calculations, it is necessary to reflect the following operations:

• DT 99.02.3 KT 68.04.2 - the transaction reflects the product of the debit turnover of the account by the tax rate - these are permanent tax liabilities.
• DT 68.04.2 KT 99.02.3 - the product of the loan turnover and the tax rate is reflected - these are permanent tax assets.

Permanent tax assets are formed in the balance sheet if the profit according to accounting data is higher than according to tax data. And accordingly, on the contrary, if the profit is less, tax liabilities are formed.

At the second stage of calculations losses of the current period are reflected. It is calculated by the difference between the product of the final debit balance by the tax rate in tax accounting and the final debit balance of account 09 of accounting. Based on the above, we form the postings:

• DT 68.04.2 KT 09 - if the amount is negative.
• DT 09 KT 68.04.2 - if the amount is positive.

At the third stage of calculations, the amounts of deferred tax liabilities and assets are derived, taking into account temporary differences. To do this, it is necessary to determine the balance of taxable differences as a whole, calculate the balance at the end of the month, which should be reflected in accounts 09 and 77, determine the total amounts for the accounts, and then adjust them according to the calculations.

If income is recognized in accounting earlier than it is determined in tax accounting, and income, accordingly, arises and is recorded later, a temporary (deductible) difference arises. IRR is the receipts or costs that are recorded in the course of compiling financial profit in the current period. The temporary (deductible) difference is the amount by which taxable income is greater than accounting income. In subsequent periods, this amount will disappear.

Prerequisites for the emergence

Temporary (deductible) differences arise when:

1. The amount of accrued income (for example, depreciation of fixed assets) in accounting is greater than in tax accounting.
2. An entity using the cash basis accrued expenses but did not actually pay them.
3. Loss per last year was not used in the current and carried over to the future.
4. In this period, income tax was overpaid and it should be included in the account of future deductions.

The temporary difference gives rise to deferred tax. It, in turn, leads to a decrease in profit deductions in the coming periods.

NVR

Temporary taxable differences appear if expenses in accounting are recognized later than in tax accounting, and income, respectively, earlier. This causes the fact that in the current period the profit subject to taxation is less than the accounting one. However, this will change in the coming reporting cycles. In the following periods, the amount of financial profit will be less than that of the tax.

Causes of NVR

A temporary taxable difference may arise if:

• The company applying the cash method, penalties, sales proceeds were accrued, but the money was not received.
• The amount of accrued expenses in the financial statements is less than in the tax.
• The company received an installment plan or deferral of income tax deductions.

NVR can also arise due to the use of different depreciation methods for tax and accounting, when the accrued amount in the latter is less than in the former.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities

If the temporary (deductible) difference is multiplied by the rate mandatory contribution to the budget, then you get the amount of deductions for profit that has already been paid, but will be credited in the future. This value is called a deferred tax asset (ITA).

SHE represents the positive difference between the actual, current contribution to profit and the conditional expense of the payment calculated from profit. Deferred assets can be written off from the account. 09/00 in subsequent periods. If depreciation is provided for in the upcoming cycle, then in the financial statements it is not charged on the fixed asset, but in the tax one it is charged. The temporary taxable difference is determined in the same way as the deductible difference, but it has the opposite sign. This value leads to an increase in profit deductions in the coming periods. The amounts to be paid in addition are IT (deferred tax liabilities).

IT calculus

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized in the cycle in which the related temporary differences arise. The calculation is carried out according to the formula:

IT = Rate of payment on profit x NVR.

To better understand the essence, you can take VAT on revenue when establishing the moment when the obligation to pay to the budget appears. This VAT is fixed on the account. 76 as an upcoming payment. Accounting for deferred tax liabilities on deductions to profit will also be carried out (account 77).

Adjustments

As NVR is reduced or completely eliminated, deferred tax liabilities will be gradually paid off. In the analytics of the corresponding article, the information will be adjusted. If there is a disposal of an object of liability or an asset on which accruals were made, these amounts will not affect the amount of income tax in future periods. In this case, IT is written off.

Records deferred tax liabilities in the profit and loss account. They are reflected in the debit account. 99, credit sc. 77. In the reporting period, when determining the indicator on line 2420 "Change in deferred tax liabilities", the amount of newly appeared IT and the repaid amount shall be entered. In the process of filling in lines 2430 and 2450, the principle of "debit minus credit" must be applied. From the income turnover according to 77 and 09, the expense is subtracted and the sign of the result is determined. In the report, a negative (in brackets) or a positive value is indicated for the corresponding lines. If the change in deferred tax liabilities is in the direction of increase, then this will lead to a decrease in profit deductions, and if in the direction of decrease, then, on the contrary, to an increase.

Current income tax

It is the amount of the actual payment for the reporting period to the budget. This value is determined in accordance with the size of the contingent expense/income and its adjustments for amounts that form permanent deductions, deferred tax assets and liabilities. Thus, the formula is used:

TN \u003d UD (UR) + PNO - PNA + SHE - IT.

The scheme for calculating TN is provided for in PBU 18/02 (clause 21). To check the correctness of the calculation, you should use an alternative method:

ТН = taxable profit in the reporting period x income tax rate.

If the company does not make permanent contributions to the budget, then the absolute difference between the contingent payment accrued from financial profit and the current one will be equal to the deferred tax asset minus deferred tax liabilities. This value will affect the amount of current payments on profit.

Deferred tax liability: transactions

According to the structure of the income statement, the following formula is used to determine net profit:

PE \u003d BP + SHE - IT - consumer goods,

where BP is the value of accounting profit; TNP - current tax.

This formula shows deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities reflected in the balance sheet at:

• deb. sch. 09, credit. sch. 68.
• deb. sch. 68, credit. sch. 09.
• deb. sch. 68, credit. sch. 77.
• deb. sch. 77, credit. sch. 68.

They adjust the amount of income tax. However, these items are not included in net income. In order to reflect the way the current contribution to income is calculated and at the same time give information on net income for distribution, two items can be shown: deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities that affected the account. 68 and 99. In this case, the latter can be entered into explanatory note or on a free line.

Practical use

How to show deferred tax liabilities? Let's take the following example.

The company purchased a computer program. Its cost is 8 thousand rubles. The developers have limited the period of its use. In this regard, the manager ordered that the costs of the program be written off over a period of two years. In the financial statements, the purchase amount is included in the costs of future periods. The cost of the program in tax accounting is allowed to be written off as expenses at a time. As a result, the NVR was formed. The contingent deduction for profit will be greater than the current one by the amount of the deferred liability:

IT \u003d UNP - TNP \u003d 8000 * Sn \u003d 1600 rubles.

In the financial statements, this is reflected in:

• Dt 99/00 Kt 68/09 - UNP.
• Dt 68/09 Ct 77/00 - IT.

IN this case 77/00 acts as a balance sheet passive item, which accumulates tax amounts subject to additional payment in the forthcoming reporting periods. IT is written off from the account. 77/00 in upcoming cycles. In this case, the computer program has already been written off tax accounting and does not affect expenses in any way, and in accounting, the write-off refers to the part of the program that falls on the current financial cycle:

• Dt. 20/00 Kt 97/00 - part of the cost of the program (excluding VAT).
• Dt 19/04 Ct 97/00 - VAT amount.

In this case, the current income tax will be higher than the conditional one, part of it should be paid in addition, and for posting the account. 77/00 you get a debit turnover:

• Dt 99/00 Kt 68/09 - UPN.
• Dt 77/00 Kt 68/09 - write-off of IT.