Second half of the 90s of the XX century. marked by renewed attention government agencies and the public to the problems of the country's national security. Formation of socially oriented market economy necessitated the development and approval of basic concepts in the national security system.

Modern reform of legal and economic fundamentals The Russian state cannot ignore the interests of national security. This problem is becoming particularly acute in the context of increasing globalization and in connection with Russia’s active inclusion in international political and economic processes. Foreign economic aspects national security of the country are the most important component of the economic security system of the state. The more economically developed a country is, the larger economic resources it has (or controls), the higher its degree of protection against possible threats.

On modern stage economic security is a guarantee of the country’s independence, determines the possibility of carrying out independent economic policy and creates the conditions for stability and success in the context of globalization of the world economy.

In the period from 1996 to 2005, scientific research was carried out and a number of publications were published. scientific works, collective monographs on this issue by Senchagova V.K., Oleynikova E.A., Grunina O., Guseva G., etc. In many universities in the country, special courses on national security and its various aspects have been introduced into the educational process and taught. The relevance of the problems of economic security is reflected in the work of all-Russian and international scientific and practical conferences.

The work examines the general problems of Russia's economic security related to its activities in the system of international economic ties.

The characteristics of the state are:

· the presence of a special system of bodies and institutions performing the functions of state power;

· law that establishes a certain system of norms sanctioned by the state;

· a certain territory over which the jurisdiction of the state extends and in which its population lives.

The life and activities of the people and the state unfold in various fields, and in each of them the action of unfavorable factors, dangers and threats is possible that disrupt the normal life of a person, society and the state. In terms of content, the following types (spheres) of its activities are distinguished: economic, social, political, military, environmental, legal, technological, cultural, intellectual, informational, demographic, psychological and many others.

The state protects its interests, its territory, its population from external and internal threats.

A threat to the security of the state can be formulated as the possibility of such a development of events that will create (or creates) a danger to the existence of the state, its political and economic independence.

There are the following types of state security:

· geopolitical security;

Geopolitical security is the security and provision of state interests guaranteed by constitutional, legislative and practical measures.

· political security;

Each state is interested in having a stable internal political situation, in creating an internal climate that promotes the normal development of all spheres of activity of society and the individual. Political security is a state of security of the geopolitical life of a country. The purpose of political security is determined by the type of state. The essence of political security is determined by the ability to conduct independent external and domestic policy and resolve issues government structure.

· military security;

Military security is the ability to protect the sovereignty, territorial integrity and population of the country from internal and external threats. Military security includes the following areas: state borders, armed forces, deterrence, military education, military science and military industry.

· economic security.

Problems of national economic security are increasingly becoming the subject of study by representatives of various sciences. Scientists offer their own definitions, identify the essential features of this complex social phenomenon, and reveal emerging social connections between related concepts and phenomena. However, there are still many “dark spots” in this area. There is still no consensus among researchers of this problem on the definition of basic concepts, which in practice gives rise to significant difficulties in applying legislation on economic security. Therefore, we must begin with the development of a conceptual apparatus.

The legal definition of the concept of “economic security” can be found in the Federal Law of October 13, 1995. No. 157-FZ “On state regulation of foreign trade activities.” In accordance with Article 2 of the said Law, economic security is a state of the economy that ensures a sufficient level of social, political and defense existence and progressive development Russian Federation, invulnerability and independence of its economic interests in relation to possible external and internal threats and influences. Consequently, the state of the economy is the main sign of economic security.

Therefore, in a condensed (concentrated) form, we can say that national economic security is a state of protection of basic national economic interests from internal and external threats.

It is important to emphasize that such concepts as “conditions”, “factors”, “ratio” characterize economic security from different points of view. Thus, the condition is the environment (environment) in which economic security occurs (is realized). There are economic, geopolitical, environmental, legal and other conditions. The factor acts as the cause, the driving force of economic security. The correlation of economic interests is understood as their mutual relationship, location relative to each other.

Economic security is characterized by the level of development of productive forces and economic relations aimed at meeting the needs of the individual, society, state, the presence of minerals, developed infrastructure, qualified work force and the system of its preparation, as well as the nature of integration into the system of world economic relations.

The objects of economic security are:

· economic system of the country: producers and sellers of products, works and services;

· the country's natural resources - agricultural land, forests, rivers, lakes, seas, shelf, minerals.

Subjects of economic security are:

· functional and sectoral ministries and departments;

· tax and customs services;

· banks, exchanges, funds and Insurance companies;

· manufacturers and sellers of products, works and services;

· Society for the Protection of Consumer Rights.

In Russia, the doctrine of economic security was approved and introduced by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 29, 1996. No. 608 “State strategy for economic security of the Russian Federation (Basic provisions).” Pursuant to the provisions of this Decree, on December 27, 1996. RF Government Decree No. 1569 “On priority measures for the implementation of the State Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation (Basic Provisions)” was adopted. These documents define the purpose and objects of the state strategy for economic security, characterize the threats to Russia's economic security, formulate criteria and parameters for the state of the economy that meet the requirements of economic security, and describe the mechanisms and measures of economic policy aimed at ensuring economic security. As noted in the State Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation, “in international relations Russia is faced with the desire to industrialize developed countries, large foreign corporations use the situation in the Russian Federation and the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States in their economic and political interests.... Without ensuring economic security, it is almost impossible to solve any of the problems facing the country, both domestically and internationally. international level" The above-mentioned Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation for a number of federal bodies The executive branch (Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, Security Council of the Russian Federation, etc.) is responsible for developing quantitative and qualitative parameters of economic security criteria, monitoring and forecasting factors that determine the emergence of threats to economic security, conducting research to identify trends and opportunities for the development of threats and searching for optimal ways to overcome them. At the same time, the economic security system must identify situations in which the actual or predicted parameters economic development exceed the threshold values, develop measures to overcome them (i.e., to get the country out of the danger zone), conduct an examination of adopted regulations, government decisions on financial and economic issues from the position of economic security of Russia.

COURSE WORK

in the course "Economics"

on the topic: “Economic security of the Russian Federation”

Introduction

1. Economic security as a type of state security

2. Problems of economic security of the Russian Federation

2.1 Ways to integrate Russia into the world economy

2.2 Types of threats to Russia's economic security

3 . Ways to increase the economic security of the Russian Federation

Conclusion

Literature

Introduction

Second half of the 90s of the 20th century. marked by the revival of attention of government agencies and the public to the problems of the country's national security. The formation of a socially oriented market economy has necessitated the development and approval of basic concepts in the national security system.

Modern reform of the legal and economic foundations of the Russian state cannot fail to take into account the interests of national security. This problem is becoming particularly acute in the context of increasing globalization and in connection with Russia’s active inclusion in international political and economic processes. Foreign economic aspects of the country's national security are the most important component of the state's economic security system. The more economically developed a country is, the more economic resources it has (or controls), the higher its degree of protection from possible threats.

At the present stage, economic security is a guarantee of the country’s independence, determines the possibility of pursuing an independent economic policy and creates the conditions for stability and success in the context of the globalization of the world economy.

In the period from 1996 to 2005, scientific research was carried out and a number of scientific works and collective monographs on this issue were published by V.K. Senchagova, E.A. Oleynikova, O. Grunina, G. Guseva, etc. In many universities of the country, they introduced educational process and special courses on national security and its various aspects are taught. The relevance of the problems of economic security is reflected in the work of all-Russian and international scientific and practical conferences.

The work examines the general problems of Russia's economic security related to its activities in the system of international economic relations.

1. Economic security as a type of state security

The characteristics of the state are 1:

the presence of a special system of bodies and institutions performing the functions of state power;

law that establishes a certain system of norms sanctioned by the state;

a defined territory over which a state has jurisdiction and in which its population lives.

The life and activities of the people and the state unfold in various spheres, and in each of them the action of unfavorable factors, dangers and threats is possible that disrupt the normal life of a person, society and the state. In terms of content, the following types (spheres) of its activities are distinguished: economic, social, political, military, environmental, legal, technological, cultural, intellectual, informational, demographic, psychological and many others.

The state protects its interests, its territory, its population from external and internal threats.

A threat to the security of the state can be formulated as the possibility of such a development of events that will create (or is creating) a danger to the existence of the state, its political and economic independence 2.

There are the following 3 types of state security:

geopolitical security;

Geopolitical security is the security and provision of state interests guaranteed by constitutional, legislative and practical measures.

political security;

Each state is interested in having a stable internal political situation, in creating an internal climate that promotes the normal development of all spheres of activity of society and the individual. Political security is a state of security of the geopolitical life of a country. The purpose of political security is determined by the type of state. The essence of political security is determined by the ability to pursue independent foreign and domestic policies and resolve issues of state structure.

military security;

economic security.

Problems of national economic security are increasingly becoming the subject of study by representatives of various sciences. Scientists offer their own definitions, determine the essential features of this complex social phenomenon, and reveal emerging social connections between related concepts and phenomena. However, there are still many “dark spots” in this area. There is still no consensus among researchers of this problem on the definition of basic concepts, which in practice gives rise to significant difficulties in applying legislation on economic security. Therefore, we must begin with the development of a conceptual apparatus.

The legal definition of the concept of “economic security” can be found in the Federal Law of October 13, 1995. No. 157-FZ “On state regulation of foreign trade activities.” In accordance with Article 2 of the said Law, economic security is a state of the economy that ensures a sufficient level of social, political and defense existence and progressive development of the Russian Federation, invulnerability and independence of its economic interests in relation to possible external and internal threats and influences. Consequently, the state of the economy is the main sign of economic security.

Therefore, in a condensed (concentrated) form, we can say that national economic security is a state of protection of basic national economic interests from internal and external threats 1 .

Economic security is characterized by the level of development of productive forces and economic relations aimed at meeting the needs of the individual, society, and state, the presence of minerals, developed infrastructure, qualified labor and its training system, as well as the nature of integration into the system of world economic relations.

The objects of economic security are:

economic system of the country: producers and sellers of products, works and services;

The country's natural resources are agricultural land, forests, rivers, lakes, seas, shelves, and minerals.

Subjects of economic security are:

functional and sectoral ministries and departments;

tax and customs services;

banks, exchanges, funds and insurance companies;

manufacturers and sellers of products, works and services;

Society for the Protection of Consumer Rights.

In Russia, the doctrine of economic security was approved and introduced by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 29, 1996. No. 608 “State strategy for economic security of the Russian Federation (Basic provisions).” Pursuant to the provisions of this Decree, on December 27, 1996. RF Government Decree No. 1569 “On priority measures for the implementation of the State Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation (Basic Provisions)” was adopted. These documents define the purpose and objects of the state strategy for economic security, characterize the threats to Russia's economic security, formulate criteria and parameters for the state of the economy that meet the requirements of economic security, and describe the mechanisms and measures of economic policy aimed at ensuring economic security. As noted in the State Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation, “in international relations, Russia is faced with the desire of industrialized countries, large foreign corporations to use the situation in the Russian Federation and member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States in their economic and political interests.... Without ensuring economic security, it is almost impossible to solve any of the problems facing the country, both at the domestic and international levels.” The above-mentioned Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation entrusts a number of federal executive bodies (Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, Security Council of the Russian Federation, etc.) with responsibility for developing quantitative and qualitative parameters of economic security criteria, monitoring and forecasting factors that determine the emergence of threats to economic security, conducting research to identify trends and opportunities for the development of threats and the search for optimal ways to overcome them. At the same time, the economic security system must identify situations in which the actual or predicted parameters of economic development go beyond the threshold values, develop measures to overcome them (i.e., to get the country out of the danger zone), conduct an examination of adopted regulations, government decisions on financial and economic issues from the position of economic security of Russia.

To understand the essence of threats to Russia's economic security, let's consider the structure of the modern world community.

Some scientists divide the world community into two parts 1: privileged and adjacent rich developed states (Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Singapore and some others) with a population of about 1 billion. people (“golden billion”) and other unprivileged countries, whose population by 2000 exceeded 5 billion people. In 1994, 1 billion people in rich countries accounted for 70% of the world's total social product, and the remaining 4.6 billion people accounted for 30%.

Other scientists divide countries into three groups: countries of the “golden billion”, newly industrialized countries that have gained a foothold on the periphery of the developed world (China, India, most of the “Asian Tigers”, some Latin American countries, former socialist countries, most oil-producing states), and, finally, the third group of so-called “falling” states (a significant part of the countries of the American continent and Asia, as well as former USSR) 1 .

The peculiarity of this division of countries is that competition between specified groups states is practically impossible, “vertical” movements to the top are extremely difficult, while competition within each group is becoming increasingly fierce. Economic safety Russia (7) Coursework >> Economics

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... economic security Russian Federation(basic provisions)". The most important element of the state security Russia is economic safety. In accordance with the Presidential Decree Russian Federation ...

PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

On the State Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation (Basic Provisions)

Revoked based on
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2017 N 208
____________________________________________________________________

In order to ensure the national interests of the Russian Federation in the field of economics and maintain the economic security of the country

I decree:

1. Approve the attached State Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation (Basic Provisions).

2. The Government of the Russian Federation shall develop in 1996 measures for the implementation of the State Strategy, named in paragraph 1 of this Decree, and coordinate the work of federal executive authorities related to their implementation.

The president
Russian Federation
B. Yeltsin

State Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation (Basic Provisions)

The Russian Federation is going through a difficult historical period in the formation of new socio-economic relations. Transition to new forms government controlled occurs in conditions constant shortage and the inconsistency of the legal framework regulating economic relations, the lag of legislation from the processes actually occurring in society.

In international relations, Russia is faced with the desire of industrialized countries, large foreign corporations to use the situation in Russia and the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States in their economic and political interests.

All this makes targeted activities to ensure the economic security of the country and its citizens on the basis of a unified state strategy particularly relevant.

I. Purpose and objects of the State Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation

The State Strategy for the Economic Security of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the State Strategy) is an integral part of the national security of the Russian Federation as a whole and is focused on the implementation of economic transformations being carried out in the Russian Federation in the next three to five years.

The state strategy develops and specifies the relevant provisions of the developed concept of national security of the Russian Federation, taking into account national interests in the field of economics.

The goal of the State Strategy is to ensure such economic development that would create acceptable conditions for life and personal development, socio-economic and military-political stability of society and the preservation of the integrity of the state, successfully countering the influence of internal and external threats.

Without ensuring economic security, it is practically impossible to solve any of the problems facing the country, both domestically and internationally.

The implementation of the State Strategy should create the necessary conditions for achieving common national security goals. In particular, ensure:

protection of the civil rights of the population, increasing the level and quality of their life, guaranteeing social peace in the country and tranquility in society;

effective solution of internal political, economic and social problems, based on national interests;

active influence on processes in the world that affect Russia’s national interests.

The foreign economic orientation of the State Strategy is to effectively realize the benefits international division labor, sustainable development of the country in conditions of its equal integration into world economic relations, preventing Russia from critical dependence on foreign countries or their communities on vital issues of economic cooperation.

Despite the complexity of the experience transition period Russia has ample opportunities to ensure its economic security and maintain its political and military status as a great power. The country has qualified personnel of scientists, engineers, workers, the vast majority of types of mineral resources, the created production potential is capable of meeting the needs of its further development.

The objects of economic security of the Russian Federation are the individual, society, state and the main elements economic system, including the system of institutional relations under state regulation of economic activity.

The state strategy includes:

1. Characteristics of external and internal threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation as a set of conditions and factors that create a danger to the vital economic interests of the individual, society and the state;

identification and monitoring of factors that undermine the sustainability of the state’s socio-economic system in the short and medium term (three to five years).

2. Determination of criteria and parameters characterizing national interests in the field of economics and meeting the requirements of economic security of the Russian Federation.

3. Formation of economic policy, institutional changes and necessary mechanisms that eliminate or mitigate the impact of factors that undermine the sustainability of the national economy.

The implementation of the State Strategy should be carried out through a system of specific measures implemented on the basis of qualitative indicators and quantitative indicators - macroeconomic, demographic, foreign economic, environmental, technological and others.

II. Threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation

Identification of possible threats to economic security and development of measures to prevent them are of paramount importance in the system of ensuring the economic security of the Russian Federation.

The most likely threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation, the localization of which should be targeted by the activities of federal government bodies, are:

1. Increasing property differentiation of the population and increasing poverty levels, which leads to violations social world and public consent. The achieved relative balance of social interests may be disrupted as a result of the following factors:

the stratification of society into a narrow circle of rich people and a predominant mass of poor people who are unsure of their future;

an increase in the share of the poor in the city compared to the countryside, which creates social and criminal tension and the ground for the widespread spread of relatively new negative phenomena for Russia - drug addiction, organized crime, prostitution and the like;

rising unemployment, which can lead to social conflicts;

delay in payment wages, shutdown of enterprises and so on.

2. Deformation of the structure Russian economy, due to factors such as:

strengthening the fuel and raw material orientation of the economy;

the lag between exploration of mineral reserves and their extraction;

low competitiveness of products of most domestic enterprises;

curtailment of production in vital sectors of the manufacturing industry, primarily in mechanical engineering;

decrease in efficiency, destruction of technological unity scientific research and developments, the collapse of established scientific teams and, on this basis, the undermining of the scientific and technical potential of Russia;

the conquest by foreign firms of the Russian domestic market for many types of consumer goods;

acquisition of Russian enterprises by foreign firms in order to displace domestic products from both the foreign and domestic markets;

height external debt Russia and the associated increase in budget expenditures to repay it.

3. Increasing unevenness of socio-economic development of regions.

The most important factors of this threat are:

objectively existing differences in the level of socio-economic development of regions, the presence of depressed, crisis and economically backward areas against the background of structural changes in industrial production, accompanied by a sharp decrease in the share of manufacturing industries;

disruption of production and technological connections between enterprises in individual regions of Russia;

an increase in the gap in the level of national income production per capita between individual constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

4. Criminalization of society and economic activity caused mainly by factors such as:

increase in unemployment, since a significant part of crimes is committed by persons who do not have a permanent source of income;

merging of some officials government agencies with organized crime, the possibility of criminal structures having access to the management of a certain part of production and their penetration into various power structures;

weakening of the system state control, which led to the expansion of the activities of criminal structures in the domestic financial market, in the field of privatization, export-import transactions and trade.

The main reasons causing the emergence of these threats are instability financial situation enterprises, unfavorable investment climate, the persistence of inflationary processes and other problems associated with financial destabilization in the economy.

Preventing or mitigating the consequences of threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation requires identifying and monitoring factors that undermine the sustainability of the state’s socio-economic system.

III. Criteria and parameters of the state of the economy that meet the requirements of economic security of the Russian Federation

The state of the economy that meets the requirements of economic security of the Russian Federation must be characterized by certain qualitative criteria and parameters (threshold values) that ensure acceptable living conditions and personal development for the majority of the population, the stability of the socio-economic situation, the military-political stability of society, the integrity of the state, the ability to resist influence of internal and external threats. To determine the criteria and parameters that meet the requirements of economic security of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to take into account:

1. The ability of the economy to function in the expanded reproduction mode. This means that the country must have sufficiently developed industries and productions that have vital important for the functioning of the state both in normal and extreme conditions, capable of ensuring the reproduction process regardless of external influences.

Russia should not allow the economy to become critically dependent on imports of the most important types of products, the production of which can be organized at the required level in the country. At the same time, it is necessary to develop our economy taking into account foreign economic cooperation and international production cooperation.

The most important requirement for the economic security of the Russian Federation is maintaining state control over strategic resources and preventing their export in amounts that could cause damage to the national interests of Russia.

2. An acceptable standard of living of the population and the possibility of maintaining it. It is impossible to allow indicators of the level of poverty, property differentiation of the population and unemployment to go beyond the maximum permissible limits from the position of socio-political stability of society.

Skilled, conscientious work should ensure a decent standard of living.

Accessibility for the population of education, culture, medical care, heat, electricity and water supply, transport, communications, utilities is one of the necessary conditions for the economic security of Russia.

3. Sustainability financial system determined by the level of budget deficit, price stability, normalization financial flows and settlement relations, stability banking system And national currency, the degree of protection of the interests of investors, gold and foreign exchange reserves, the development of the Russian financial market and market valuable papers, as well as a decrease in external and domestic debt and balance of payments deficit, ensuring financial conditions for the activation investment activities.

4. Rational structure foreign trade, ensuring access of domestic goods from the processing industry to the foreign market, the maximum permissible level of satisfying domestic needs through imports (taking into account regional characteristics), ensuring the priority of economic relations with neighboring countries. A balanced foreign economic policy, which involves both meeting the needs of the domestic market and protecting domestic producers using the rules adopted in international practice protective measures.

5. Maintaining the country’s scientific potential and preserving leading domestic scientific schools capable of ensuring Russia’s independence in strategically important areas scientific and technological progress.

6. Preservation of a single economic space and broad interregional economic relations that ensure compliance with national interests, excluding the development of separatist tendencies, and the functioning of a single all-Russian market or an integrated system of regional markets, taking into account their production specialization.

7. Creation of economic and legal conditions that exclude the criminalization of society and all spheres of economic and financial activities, the seizure of industrial and financial institutions by criminal structures, their penetration into various structures authorities.

8. Determination and provision of necessary government regulation economic processes, capable of guaranteeing normal functioning market economy both in normal and extreme conditions.

IV. Measures and mechanisms of economic policy aimed at ensuring economic security

Economic policy measures and mechanisms developed and implemented at the federal and regional levels should be aimed at preventing internal and external threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation.

1. Monitoring of factors determining threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation

The most important elements of the mechanism for ensuring the economic security of the Russian Federation are monitoring and forecasting the factors that determine threats to economic security.

Monitoring as an operational information and analytical system for observing the dynamics of economic security indicators is of great importance for the transition state of the economy in the presence of serious inter-sectoral imbalances and acute insufficiency of resources (primarily financial), strong mobility and instability of socio-economic indicators.

This determines the increasing requirements for state statistics in terms of complexity, depth and forms of coverage of objects of statistical observation, quality and efficiency of information.

Objective and comprehensive monitoring of the economy and society from the point of view of the economic security of the Russian Federation should be carried out on the basis of an analysis of specific quantitative values of economic security indicators.

To monitor the factors that determine internal and external threats to the economic interests of the individual, society and the state, the primary task is to create an organizational and information base.

2. Development of criteria and parameters (threshold values) of economic security of the Russian Federation

To implement the State Strategy, quantitative and qualitative parameters (threshold values) of the state of the economy must be developed, exceeding which poses a threat to the economic security of the country, characterizing:

dynamics and structure of gross domestic product, indicators of volumes and rates of industrial production, sectoral and regional structure economy and the dynamics of individual industries, capital investments etc;

the state of the country’s natural resource, production, scientific and technical potential;

the ability of the economic mechanism to adapt to changing internal and external factors(inflation rate, deficit state budget, impact foreign economic factors, stability of the national currency, internal and external debt, etc.);

state of financial and budgetary and credit systems;

quality of life of the population (gross domestic product per capita), level of unemployment and income differentiation, provision of main groups of the population with material goods and services, state environment etc.

Quantitative parameters must be developed not only for the country as a whole, but also for each of its regions. At the same time, the composition of criteria and indicators of economic security of the Russian Federation by region should correspond with the corresponding composition of criteria and parameters in terms of the economy and national interests of Russia as a whole.

Based on the national interests in the field of economics, criteria and parameters of economic security of the Russian Federation formulated in the State Strategy, measures are determined and mechanisms for implementing economic policy are developed aimed at ensuring the economic security of the country.

3. State activities to ensure the economic security of the Russian Federation

The state’s activities to ensure the economic security of the Russian Federation are carried out in the following main areas:

1. Identification of cases when actual or predicted parameters of economic development deviate from the threshold values of economic security, and the development of comprehensive government measures to get the country out of the danger zone.

Measures and mechanisms to ensure the economic security of the Russian Federation are developed simultaneously with state forecasts of its socio-economic development, and are implemented in the program of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation.

2. Organization of work in order to implement a set of measures to overcome or prevent the emergence of threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation. During this work:

The Security Council of the Russian Federation is considering the concept federal budget from the point of view of ensuring the economic security of the state;

The Government of the Russian Federation coordinates the work of federal executive authorities and executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation in order to implement a set of measures to overcome or prevent threats to the economic security of the country, including in the preparation of legislative and other regulatory legal acts.

3. Examination of decisions made on financial and economic issues from the position of economic security of the Russian Federation. Legislative and other normative legal acts when prepared in mandatory must undergo an examination for the economic security of the Russian Federation. The procedure for conducting this examination is determined by the President of the Russian Federation.

The implementation of measures to eliminate threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation requires a system of monitoring their implementation. The control system must take into account the rights and responsibilities of the owner.

Electronic document text
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:

Collection of legislation
Russian Federation,
N 18, dated April 29, 1996,
Article 2117

State strategy for economic security of the Russian Federation (main provisions)

The State Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation (approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 29, 1996 No. 608) includes four main sections.

IV. Economic policy measures and mechanisms aimed at ensuring economic security:

I. The purpose and objects of the State Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation.

The implementation of the State Strategy should create the necessary conditions for achieving common national security goals. In particular, ensure:

– protection of the civil rights of the population, increasing the level and quality of their life, guaranteeing social peace in the country and tranquility in society;
– effective solution of internal political, economic and social problems based on national interests;
– active influence on processes in the world that affect Russia’s national interests.

The foreign economic orientation of the State Strategy is to effectively realize the advantages of the international division of labor, the sustainability of the country's development in conditions of its equal integration into world economic relations, and the prevention of Russia's critical dependence on foreign countries or their communities in vitally important issues of economic cooperation.

The country has qualified personnel of scientists, engineers, workers, the vast majority of types of mineral resources, the created production potential is capable of meeting the needs of its further development.

The objects of economic security of the Russian Federation are the individual, society, the state and the main elements of the economic system, including the system of institutional relations under state regulation of economic activity.

The state strategy includes:

1) characterization of external and internal threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation as a set of conditions and factors that create a danger to the vital economic interests of the individual, society and the state; identification and monitoring of factors that undermine the sustainability of the state’s socio-economic system in the short and medium term (three to five years);
2) determination of criteria and parameters that characterize national interests in the field of economics and meet the requirements of economic security of the Russian Federation;
3) the formation of economic policy, institutional changes and the necessary mechanisms that eliminate or mitigate the impact of factors that undermine the sustainability of the national economy.

II. Threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation.

The most likely threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation, the localization of which should be targeted by the activities of federal government bodies, are the following.

1. Increasing property differentiation of the population and increasing poverty levels, which leads to a violation of social peace and social harmony. The achieved relative balance of social interests may be disrupted as a result of factors such as:
- – stratification of society into a narrow circle of rich people and a predominant mass of poor people, unsure of their future;
- – an increase in the share of the poor in the city compared to the countryside, which creates social and criminal tension and the ground for the widespread spread of relatively new negative phenomena for Russia - drug addiction, organized crime, prostitution, etc.;
- – rising unemployment, which can lead to social conflicts;
- – delay in payment of wages, shutdown of enterprises, etc.
2. Deformation of the structure of the Russian economy, due to the following factors:
- – strengthening the fuel and raw material orientation of the economy;
- – the lag between exploration of mineral reserves and their extraction;
- – low competitiveness of products of most domestic enterprises;
- – curtailment of production in vital sectors of the manufacturing industry, primarily in mechanical engineering;
- – a decrease in productivity, the destruction of the technological unity of scientific research and development, the collapse of established scientific teams and, on this basis, the undermining of the scientific and technical potential of Russia;
- – conquest by foreign firms of the Russian domestic market for many types of consumer goods;
- – acquisition of Russian enterprises by foreign firms in order to displace domestic products from both the foreign and domestic markets;
- – growth of Russia’s external debt and the associated increase in budget expenditures to repay it.
3. Increasing unevenness of socio-economic development of regions.

The most important factors of this threat are:

– objectively existing differences in the level of socio-economic development of regions, the presence of depressed, crisis and economically backward areas against the background of structural changes in industrial production, accompanied by a sharp decrease in the share of manufacturing industries;
– disruption of production and technological connections between enterprises in individual regions of Russia;
– an increase in the gap in the level of national income production per capita between individual constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
4. Criminalization of society and economic activity, caused mainly by factors such as:
- – growth of unemployment, since a significant part of crimes is committed by persons who do not have a permanent source of income;
- – the merging of some government officials with organized crime, the possibility of criminal structures having access to the management of a certain part of production and their penetration into various power structures;
- – weakening of the system of state control, which led to the expansion of the activities of criminal structures in the domestic financial market, in the field of privatization, export-import transactions and trade.

III. Criteria and parameters of the state of the economy that meet the requirements of economic security of the Russian Federation.

The list of criteria for the economic security of the Russian Federation and the federal executive authorities responsible for the development of their quantitative (threshold) and qualitative parameters was approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 27, 1996 No. 1569.

To determine the criteria and parameters that meet the requirements of economic security of the Russian Federation, the following must be taken into account.

1. The ability of the economy to function in the expanded reproduction mode. This means that the country must have sufficiently developed industries and industries that are vital for the functioning of the state both in normal and extreme conditions, capable of ensuring the reproduction process regardless of external influences.

Accessibility for the population of education, culture, medical care, heat, electricity and water supply, transport, communications, and utilities is one of the necessary conditions for the economic security of Russia.

3. The stability of the financial system, determined by the level of the budget deficit, price stability, normalization of financial flows and settlement relations, the stability of the banking system and the national currency, the degree of protection of the interests of depositors, gold and foreign exchange reserves, the development of the Russian financial market and the securities market, as well as a decrease in external and domestic debt and balance of payments deficit, ensuring financial conditions for enhancing investment activity.
4. A rational structure of foreign trade, ensuring access of domestic processed goods to the foreign market, the maximum permissible level of satisfying domestic needs through imports (taking into account regional characteristics), ensuring the priority of economic relations with neighboring countries. A balanced foreign economic policy, which involves both meeting the needs of the domestic market and protecting domestic producers using protective measures adopted in international practice.

For state regulation of foreign trade activities, see the federal law dated December 8, 2003 No. 164-FZ "On the fundamentals of state regulation of foreign trade activities."

5. Maintaining the country’s scientific potential and preserving leading domestic scientific schools capable of ensuring Russia’s independence in strategically important areas of scientific and technological progress.
6. Preservation of a single economic space and broad interregional economic relations that ensure compliance with national interests, excluding the development of separatist tendencies, and the functioning of a single all-Russian market or an integrated system of regional markets, taking into account their production specialization.
7. Creation of economic and legal conditions that exclude the criminalization of society and all spheres of economic and financial activity, the seizure of industrial and financial institutions by criminal structures, and their penetration into various government structures.
8. Determining and ensuring the necessary state regulation of economic processes that can guarantee the normal functioning of a market economy both in normal and extreme conditions.

IV. Measures and mechanisms of economic policy aimed at ensuring the economic security of the Russian Federation.

1. Monitoring of factors that determine threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation.

Objective and comprehensive monitoring of the economy and society from the point of view of economic security of the Russian Federation should be carried out on the basis of an analysis of specific quantitative values of economic security indicators.

2. Development of criteria and parameters (threshold values) for the economic security of the Russian Federation.

– dynamics and structure of gross domestic product, indicators of volumes and rates of industrial production, sectoral and regional structure of the economy and dynamics of individual industries, capital investments, etc.;
– the state of the country’s natural resource, production, scientific and technical potential;
– the ability of the economic mechanism to adapt to changing internal and external factors (inflation rates, state budget deficit, the impact of foreign economic factors, stability of the national currency, internal and external debt, etc.);
– the state of the financial, budgetary and credit systems;
– quality of life of the population (gross domestic product per capita), level of unemployment and income differentiation, provision of main groups of the population with material goods and services, state of the environment, etc.

3. State activities to ensure the economic security of the Russian Federation.

The state's activities to ensure the economic security of the Russian Federation are carried out in the following main areas.

1. Identification of cases when actual or predicted parameters of economic development deviate from the threshold values of economic security, and the development of comprehensive government measures to get the country out of the danger zone.
2. Organization of work in order to implement a set of measures to overcome or prevent the emergence of threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation.
3. Examination of decisions made on financial and economic issues from the position of economic security of the Russian Federation. Legislative and other regulatory legal acts, when preparing them, must undergo an examination for the economic security of the Russian Federation. The procedure for conducting this examination is determined by the President of the Russian Federation.

The term "strategy" has two main meanings: the art of warfare; the art of leading public life.

In the second meaning, this term appears in various types: in game theory -- possible way actions of a player or coalition; pricing strategy; innovation strategy; competitive strategy; import substitution strategy; broad penetration marketing strategy; enterprise strategy; regional strategy; economic strategy, etc.

Here we will talk about the economic security strategy. The choice of economic security strategy should be based on its goals and objectives that it must solve. For example, if the goal of our country is “survival,” then this is one strategy. If the goal is “Great Russia,” then this is a different strategy.

Second half of the 90s. XX century marked by increased attention from government agencies and the public to problems of economic security. Let us illustrate this situation using the example of our country.

The doctrine of economic security in Russia was approved and introduced by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 29, 1996 “State Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation (Basic Provisions).” In pursuance and development of this Decree, on December 27, 1996, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1569 “On priority measures for the implementation of the State Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation (Basic Provisions)” was adopted. These documents define: the purpose and objects for the donation strategy for the economic security of Russia; criteria and parameters of the state of the economy that meet the requirements of economic security are formulated; Mechanisms and economic policy measures aimed at ensuring economic security are described. In December 1997, a scientific and practical conference “Economic Security: Issues of Implementing the State Strategy. For 1997-2000 A number of scientific papers have been published on this issue. And finally, in January 2000, the “Concept of National Security of the Russian Federation” was also approved by Presidential Decree, in which problems of economic security occupy a large place.

The Economic Security Strategy of the Russian Federation consists of four sections:

I. The purpose and objects of the State Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation.

II. Threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation.

III. Criteria and parameters of the state of the economy that meet the requirements of economic security of the Russian Federation.

IV. Measures and mechanisms of economic policy aimed at ensuring economic security.

The first section states that the goal of the State Strategy is to ensure such economic development that would create acceptable conditions for life and personal development, socio-economic and military-political stability of society and the preservation of the integrity of the state, successfully countering the influence of internal and external threats.

Without ensuring economic security, it is practically impossible to solve any of the problems facing the country, both domestically and internationally.

The state strategy includes: characterization of external and internal threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation as a set of conditions and factors that create a danger to the vital economic interests of the individual, society and the state; identification and monitoring of factors that undermine the stability of the socio-economic system of the state, in the short-term and medium term; determination of criteria and parameters that characterize national interests in the field of economics and meet the requirements of economic security of the Russian Federation; formation of economic policy, institutional changes and necessary mechanisms that eliminate or mitigate the impact of factors that undermine the sustainability of the national economy.

The second section notes that the most likely threats are:

1. Increasing property differentiation of the population and increasing poverty levels, which leads to a violation of social peace and social harmony. The achieved relative balance of social interests can be disrupted as a result of the following factors: the stratification of society into a narrow circle of rich people and a predominant mass of poor people who are unsure of their future; rising unemployment, which can lead to social conflicts; delay in payment of wages, shutdown of enterprises, etc.

2. The deformation of the structure of the Russian economy, caused by such factors as: strengthening the fuel and raw material orientation of the economy; the lag between exploration of mineral reserves and their extraction; low competitiveness of products of most domestic enterprises; curtailment of production in vital sectors of the manufacturing industry, primarily in mechanical engineering; reduction in productivity, destruction of the technological unity of scientific research and development, collapse of established scientific teams and, on this basis, undermining the scientific and technical potential of Russia; the conquest by foreign firms of the Russian domestic market for many types of consumer goods; acquisition of Russian enterprises by foreign firms in order to displace domestic products from both the foreign and domestic markets; the growth of Russia's external debt and the associated increase in budget expenditures to repay it.

3. Increasing unevenness of socio-economic development of regions.

4. Criminalization of society and economic activity, caused mainly by factors such as increased unemployment, since a significant part of crimes is committed by persons who do not have a permanent income.

The third section states that the state of the economy that meets the requirements of economic security of the Russian Federation must be characterized by certain qualitative criteria and parameters that ensure acceptable living conditions and personal development for the majority of the population, the stability of the socio-economic situation, the military-political stability of society, the integrity of the state, the ability to withstand the influence of internal and external threats. To determine the criteria and parameters that meet the requirements of economic security of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to take into account: the ability of the economy to function in the mode of expanded reproduction; an acceptable standard of living of the population and the possibility of maintaining it; the stability of the financial system, determined by the level of the budget deficit, price stability, normalization of financial flows and settlement relations, the stability of the banking system and the national currency, the degree of protection of the interests of depositors, gold and foreign exchange reserves, the development of the Russian financial market and the securities market, as well as the reduction of external and internal debt and balance of payments deficit, ensuring financial conditions for enhancing investment activity; a rational structure of foreign trade, ensuring access of domestic goods from the processing industry to the foreign market; maintaining the country's scientific potential and preserving leading domestic scientific schools capable of ensuring Russia's independence in strategically important areas of scientific and technological progress; preservation of a single economic space and broad interregional economic relations that ensure compliance with national interests, excluding the development of separatist tendencies, and the functioning of a single all-Russian market or an integrated system of regional markets, taking into account their production specialization; creation of economic and legal conditions that exclude the criminalization of society and all spheres of economic and financial activity, the seizure of industrial and financial institutions by criminal structures, their penetration into various government structures; identifying and ensuring the necessary state regulation of economic processes capable of guaranteeing the normal functioning of a market economy both in normal and extreme conditions.

The fourth section defines measures and mechanisms of economic policy, developed and implemented at the federal and regional levels, which should be aimed at preventing internal and external threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation.

The most important elements of the mechanism for ensuring Russia's economic security are monitoring and forecasting the factors that determine threats to economic security.

In this section, it is recognized that it is necessary to develop quantitative and qualitative parameters (threshold values) of the state of the economy, and also defines the following main directions of state activity to ensure the economic security of Russia.

1. Monitoring of factors that determine threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation.

2. Development of criteria and parameters (threshold values) for the economic security of the Russian Federation.

3. State activities to ensure the economic security of the Russian Federation. The state strategy for economic security, as well as the national security of Russia as a whole, should be based mainly on the ideology of economic growth, industrial and scientific-technical breakthrough, since only on this basis can it be achieved high level and quality of life of the population, its social security.

Main strategic goal economic strategy lies in high rates of economic growth. Vechkanov G.S. Economic security. - St. Petersburg: Vector, 2005. - p. 50-458

Table 1. - Indicators of economic security of Russia. Compiled and calculated according to data: Sat.: Economic and social situation of Russia in 2008. // Comprehensive report / Territorial body federal service state statistics of Russia. - M.: 2009.

Indicator name	Thresholds	Fact 2000	2008 to threshold value, %
1. The economy's ability to grow sustainably
Pace GDP growth To previous year(at comparable prices), %
IFI industry compared to the previous year, %
Turnover volume retail to GRP, %
IFI of agricultural products compared to the previous year, %
Investments in fixed capital to GRP, %
Depreciation rate of fixed assets, %
2. Financial system stability
Shortage consolidated budget to GRP, %
Index consumer prices to December of the previous year, %
3. Support for scientific potential
Allocations to science to GRP, %
Number of students per 10,000 population, people.
The number of people employed in science compared to those employed in economics. %
Expenditures on education to GRP, %
4. Standard and quality of life of the population
Population with lower incomes living wage To total number population,%
Ratio cash income 10% of the most affluent and 10% of the least affluent population, times
Ratio of average wage and living wage, times

Unemployment rate according to ILO methodology to EAN, %
Healthcare expenses to GRP, %
Expenses on culture to GRP, %

Provide housing, sq.m on average per 1 resident
5. Demographics
Coefficient natural increase population (per 1000 inhabitants)
Fertility rate (number of births per 1000 population)
Mortality rate (number of deaths per 1000 population)
Coefficient infant mortality(number of children who died under 1 year of age, per 1000 births)
6. Offenses
Number of crimes per 10,000 population,
7. Environmental protection
Emissions of harmful substances per 1 inhabitant, tons