Russian sazhens, this interconnected complex, in comparison with the metric system of measures, has a special, mobile function. Their main purpose is to embed the image of the projection of the Earth, in the proportions of the designed building or structure, so that it would be possible, then the building or structure itself, to embed with golden proportions into the energy flows of the Planet Earth and the entire Universe. This is the main purpose of Russian sazhens, in fact, means the creation of centers of Cosmic connection with the energy flows of the Universe. And therefore this main purpose was sacredly kept in the strictest secrecy by the Architects themselves.

Features of Russian sazhens.

Russian sazhens should be considered as a system of proportioning according to the Golden Section of the project and the erection of an object that the architect inscribes in the Golden Section processes of the Universe. This is the process of creating a new Cosmic connection of the future object with the energy flows of the Universe.

Russian sazhens can only be divided by 2. This is the difference between Russian sazhens and the metric system of measures. The structure of the fathom, dividing it by 3,5,6, etc. parts is impossible, because it creates conditions for the appearance between the endless processes - finite segments that deaden the process, and therefore not suitable for comparison with the living process.

By successively dividing each sazhen by 2, segments of sazhens of shorter length are obtained: a sazhen, half a sazhen, an elbow, a span, a metacarpus, a vershok. The formation of only six bifurcated elements in one sazhen is the third feature of the entire complex of ancient sazhens.

There is an internal relationship of each element of a fathom with the elements of all other fathoms (a unique arithmetic proportion), according to which each member of the proportion, being an element of a larger diagonal, becomes an element of another fathom, a different vertical proportion. Such combinatorics is similar to natural systems and has qualitatively different properties than metricity. It contains the golden proportions and with them - the correspondence of commensurate instruments to natural structures.

Golden Ratio Matrix

Please note: the quantitative value of each numerical field of the matrix is ​​​​formed by the denominator number P=2

The ability of Russian sazhens to create and restore the harmonic Resonance of the oscillations of the frequencies of the human body, located in the room, with the resonance of the oscillations of the natural processes of the Earth and the Universe. Therefore, in objects built using Russian sazhens, people feel comfortable, calm and relaxed, as if under the influence of grace, a healing factor, and at the same time, in the process of life, their awareness increased to the level of the Universe.

The oldest in ancient times was known as the wisest of people, and therefore was the most revered. Such a phenomenon as senile insanity, which exists in our times of the metric system of measurement, did not exist in the past.

Ease of restoring lost units of measurement. There are many simple ways, one of which is the manufacture of a sazhen according to the height of the master, who is in a position with his arm extended upwards.

Building design by Russian sazhens

Determination of external dimensions

Design begins with determining the height of the building, then the width and length.

The height is determined by the highest point of the house, for example, a ridge, and if a rooster is built at the end of the ridge, then according to it. If a tower is built next to the house, the height of which exceeds the height of the house, then the height of Creation is determined by the highest point of the tower. The chimney is not taken into account.

For design, different fathoms are used: for the height of one, for the width of the other, and for the length - the third. Each of them is taken from different groups of fathoms. In all cases, for calculating sizes, the following is used:

during construction residential buildings only even number fathoms;

during construction temples or chapels only odd number fathoms.

This is explained by the fact that, in general, the temple or chapel is more elongated compared to the house, due to the dome and the cross above it.

If you are planning to design a house with a height of 5.5 - 6 meters, then select such a fathom, an integer number of which, an even number of it, will give you the distance closest to the height of the house you have chosen. In this case, the closest to this height will give you the result of 4 Egyptian fathoms.

house width. It should be borne in mind that the volume is formed by the outer and protruding elements of the house. The formed volume includes all extensions: senets, porch.

Definition internal dimensions

The design of the internal parts of the house is carried out by an integer number of sazhens, or its elements: half a sazhen, cubit, span, metacarpus or vershok.

The volume inside the house is limited by walls. The walls make it possible to damp each other's waves, and then the pulsation of the partitions can be ignored. The eyes and body must feel the Golden proportions and therefore it is necessary with the same sazhen, which was designed outside, design the inside of the house. For example, if we designed the width of the house on the outside with Egyptian sazhens, and the length - great, then the internal parts of the house of width and length must also be designed with these sazhens, or their elements.

Building dimensions

If we have decided on the height, then the width and length already have some dimensions determined by the proportioning. Don't be surprised if you can't find suitable sazhen sizes in some cases. This means that you have chosen a disproportionate size, and the building will not correspond to the Golden Ratio.

Dimensions within the system can be predetermined.

Parameters of objects, measured by an integer number of sazhens, Always are fractional when measured with a standard meter.

Asymmetry in the building

When assigning dimensions to rooms, walls, partitions, windows and doors, etc. along with the use of an even (for houses), an odd (for temples, chapels) number of fathoms or their elements, it is important to keep the proportions and “hide” them by introducing a slight asymmetry into the designed figures. Life is made by introducing asymmetry into the designed and created figures to give a sense of movement. These sensations reproduce in a person the perception of an object as moving, alive.

IN residential buildings, elements of movement and sensation of the living, were introduced in different ways, as the Architect wished. Here is one common example. In the houses of old buildings, with the use of Russian sazhens, at the entrance to the house, you feel the perspective and expansion of space. This was achieved by narrowing the side walls at the end of the room and slightly raising the level of the floor at the far wall, compared to its level at the threshold at the entrance to the room. Elements of asymmetry were introduced no more than 1.5 - 3% from the "correct", symmetrical forms of the object, but this was enough to "bring" it into "movement", and create a spatial feeling of lightness and freedom. Thus, the architect created the conditions for Russian sazhens, as irrational co-meters, with complementary asymmetry, completely excluded the possibility of standing waves in the house. Moreover, the pulsation of the structure of the house would fit with its resonance into the Golden-cut frequency of the Planet and the Universe. For the same purpose, elements of asymmetry were introduced into the construction of the house itself, into the roof, into extensions, into the architectural composition of all buildings, and landscape arrangement.

Proportioning Features land plots

Not so long ago, all over Russia, the land was measured not by a meter, but by sazhens. There was a square sazhen, something more than a square meter. There was a tenth equal to 109 acres, or 10900 square meters. There is evidence that 2,400 square sazhens fit into a tithe.

Based on this information, we find out the size of a square sazhen.

10900: 2400 = 4.542 m2 (more precisely 4.548 m2).

Please note that the length and width land plot measured with different sazhens. Based on this, we determine which sazhens participated in the formation of a square sazhen. To do this, we divide a square sazhen sequentially into all sazhens, starting with large ones. So:

Table for determining the participation of fathoms in the formation of a square fathom

Size of a square sazhen	Name of fathoms	fathom size	Obtaining the size of the second fathom	Name of the received second fathom	fathom size
	policeman			masonry
				Folk
				Church
	Greek
	Treasury

As you can see, a square sazhen can be measured by five different pairs of sazhens. A simple sazhen participates alone, but in the formation of half a square sazhen.

Width Length:

Policeman, Masonry;

Large, Folk;

Great, Church;

Greek, Royal;

Treasury, Pharaoh

The resulting size of a square sazhen and the tithe itself have a golden-cut, moreover, the most accurate holiness, "sacredness" for those inhabitants of the Earth who process it. It should be expected that plots measured by a square sazhen will yield more than those measured by a meter, because they form the space of the volume of the crop. Examples of increased yields have already been noted in the settlements of the Kirov and Krasnoyarsk regions.

RULES FOR THE APPLICATION OF FATHS IN DESIGN

Excerpts taken from the following sources

Fathoms that are in the same group (total 5 groups of 3 fathoms) are inharmonious to each other, and they cannot be used together. That is, when determining the triple height-width-length, even 2 sazhens from one group are not allowed. Or, if any size is measured by more than one fathom at a time (for example, the height of a house on a slope), it is also necessary to take fathoms from different groups.

When breaking down an object, the length is measured in one sazhen, the width in another, the height in a third, interior layout- fourth. (The book "The Gold of Ancient Rus'", Chapter "The Concept of Living Figures"). In this case, it is impossible to use fathoms standing next to each other in the table;

In round buildings (six-eight-polyhedral) - the height and diameter of the circle in which the polyhedron is inscribed are measured by a sazhen.

Errors and size changes up to 1/32 (3%) in relation to a given size or 1% of the size of the entire structure (Lecture 4, 18 min) do not matter. For example, with a house length of 6 royal fathoms 6x197.4 cm = 1184.4 cm, protruding parts and errors within 37 cm

To determine the dimensions, use the same units of measurement, for example, if you started to set aside the width of the premises in elbows, then the length must also be set aside in elbows. Internal partitions do not apply to this rule, they can be taken with any elements. For example, the dimensions of the room are measured in elbows, and the partition is taken in the pasterns. ;

The fathoms used to determine the external dimensions of the building should be excluded from further work (Chernyaev A.F. The Gold of Ancient Rus'. Chapter The Sacrament of Church Architecture). To determine the internal dimensions of the premises, it is allowed (nevertheless) to use the same fathoms that were used to determine the external dimensions of the building;

To determine the main dimensions of the building, a fractional number of fathoms cannot be used;

The division of a sazhen or any of its elements (except for an apex) into segments that are not multiples of 2 is not allowed, because it interrupts the process displayed by sazhens (Chernyaev A.F. The Gold of Ancient Rus'. Chapter The Sacrament of Church Architecture);

It is desirable, but not necessary, to take an even (for housing), an odd (church architecture) number of elements inside. ;

It is advisable not to make rigid symmetry during construction.

Measurement details

Since the volume of the house is formed by protruding parts, the maximum outgoing edges (roof slopes, towers, porch) are taken to determine the size of the building, pipes are not considered, since they are not the main element of the house;

All external dimensions are measured by protruding parts: an extension, steps, a canopy, a drainage system, a cross on a temple, a weather vane on a roof, etc. - everything is taken into account. The height is determined by the highest point of the house, for example, a ridge, and if a rooster is built at the end of the ridge, then according to it. If a tower adjoins the house, the height of which exceeds the height of the house, then the height of Creation is determined by the highest point of the tower. Chimneys and ventilation pipes are not taken into account. If the plinth is more than 20 cm, then the height is measured in 2 different fathoms: separately from the plinth and separately from the ground. If the house is on a slope, then on both sides the height is measured in different fathoms. If the height difference is less than 3%, ignore it. Internal height is measured from the finished floor to the ceiling. With an inclined ceiling - to the highest point.

It is also better to make the length of the roof slope according to the fathom. It does not affect changes in calculations. But when the roof overhang extends more than 1/3 of the height of the building, the width of the building must already be measured by the width of the overhangs, and the distance from the overhang to the ground (zero mark of the building, foundation or basement) must also be taken into account by the fathom. If the roof overhangs are up to 30 cm, the size is taken according to the roof overhangs. If more than 30 cm, 2 different fathoms are used - one measures the walls, the second is the full width (length) along with the overhangs.

The internal heights of the floors and the attic are made different, but harmonious to each other, sazhens, they can coincide with those used for external measurements. If there are 3 internal heights, for example, the 1st, 2nd floors and the attic, then the harmony check is carried out according to the wurf ratio: a-1st floor, b-2nd floor, c-3rd floor. W(a,b,c)=(a+b)(b+c)/b(a+b+c)=1.3-1.33 External dimensions are not checked by the wurf ratio.

The height of the house is measured from the ground, the blind area is not considered (Lecture 4, 16 min). The height difference in the sides of the house with a slope of less than 20 cm is not taken into account, but if it is more than 20 cm, then the height of the house is determined by two different fathoms ();

External dimensions

1. For all faces outside is taken:

In housing construction, an even integer number of fathoms, i.e. multiple of 2: 2 sat., 4 sat., 6 sat., 8 sat. etc. For example, the height is 2 fathoms; width - 4 fathoms, length - 6 fathoms.

7 sazhens., 9 sazhens., 11 sazhens., 13 sazhens., ... , 21 sazhens., … etc.

Also in church architecture are applicable (have sacredness) numbers: 12 (1+2=3), 16 (1+6=7)

Internal dimensions

On all faces inside it is permissible to measure in fractional parts of sazhens, respectively, an even or odd number:

In housing construction: n even * 1.5 sazhens = 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 sazhens; n even * 2.5 sat. =, 6 sat., 8 sat. etc. For example, the height is 2 fathoms; width - 4 fathoms, length - 6 fathoms.

For non-residential construction, it is permissible to introduce coefficients of 1.5; 2; 2.5 to the value of fathoms, and measure all axes respectively by one and a half, double, two and half fathoms, but this method.

In church architecture 1 sazhen, 3 sazhens, 5 sazhens, 7 sazhens., 9 sazhens., 11 sazhens., 13 sazhens, etc.

Inside, the width and length of the house are taken in fourth and fifth fathoms;

When determining the size of the premises, half a sazhen, elbows, spans, metacarpuses and tops are used;

Windows, doors

In general, in absolutely all options not mentioned above, everything must be measured in sazhens, a meter should be used only for the convenience of transferring sazhen sizes to reality. This applies to doors, windows, distances between windows, wall thicknesses.

Doors and windows along the top within the same room should be at the same level (lecture 4, 27);

Windows can be either symmetrical or non-symmetrical;

The windows of the first floor should not be equal to the windows of the second floor (correct proportionality equation for the height of objects);

The house should have good natural lighting; the temple does not need it;

Windows are considered in elbows, taking into account the wall;

The Egyptian fathom cannot be used for designing, and the City fathom is not used in the construction of residential buildings, since it is equal to two Small fathoms;

When erecting several floors, fathoms of different lengths are used for each floor (from different groups of "Semer").

You can get closer to nature only away from the noisy breath of the metropolis. If you want to feel peace, and your own house surrounded by a beautiful garden and forest is your old dream, then it's time to take the first steps. In order for the building to be harmoniously built and positive energy always reigned in it, it is important to take a closer look at the system of sazhens. This old Russian and forgotten by many method of erecting buildings, based on reason and creative calculation, is able to embody a real work of art. If you decide to become the author of a project for a future structure that can cause spiritual awe and pour out harmony, then we advise you to turn to the mini-course "Step-by-step plan for creating a project for sazhens in 2 hours." Design engineer Svetlana Ryabtseva describes in detail the calculations for designing a house for a young family. Read all the details in our material.

The key to knowing the truth
Today, the ecological situation on Earth looks depressing. In almost all metropolitan areas there are serious problems with environment- gas contamination of air, water, garbage, dying green spaces due to salt pollution of the soil and the constant shade of multi-storey buildings. It is clear that the deterioration of the ecological situation resulted in a sharp deterioration in the state of health, an increase in the number of diseases of the population and the emergence of specific diseases of the townspeople, such as annual epidemics and depressions. Mankind urgently needs to pay attention to the well-being of the native planet and the prospects for its survival on it.

One of the ways out of the negative environmental situation is the creation of private houses from natural materials in countryside, in the open air, surrounded by forests and gardens. Living in the country and in the village restores the strength and health of a person. Healthy natural products are produced in rural areas: vegetables and fruits, dairy products.

The most important means of restoring and preserving human health is such an element of traditional Russian culture as the construction of houses according to sazhens. Since the system of sazhens is created on the basis of human proportions and sizes, in such a house the resonant frequency of our body will coincide with the frequency of the length of sazhens, which has a healing effect on the people living in it.

bubble chart
One of the most interesting methods for creating a project for a future home is described in Ianto Evans's book House of Adobe. The theory is this: you in general terms imagine the spaces you want to have in your home. Then, representing those same spaces, you need to draw a set of bubbles of various diameters. Further, these bubbles must be cut and rearranged in different configurations until you find the most convenient option. By gluing them all together, you will get a plan for your future home.

Here are some excerpts from the book by J. Evans:
"A place to cook? Well, standing near the imaginary circular kitchen nook, stretch out your arms. After all, you can’t easily reach anywhere further than this scope, so the kitchen ends there. I am 1.68 cm tall and I can stretch my arms 1.70 cm, so the kitchen will be 1.73 cm. Without moving, you can reach the refrigerator, stove, sink, plates, pots, food, pantry and kitchen table ".

“When you design your home, you are setting the stage for the space of your own home life. When describing how you want your home to be, use verbs instead of nouns to be as specific as possible about what activities you want to do in a particular place. Each space has to fulfill its special purpose, be the right size, shape, mood, smell and sound. Don't think about the bedroom, kitchen, bathroom. Tell yourself: sleep, bathe, cook, eat. Verbs will help you remember that you don't need a box, but a place to cherish what you're doing..."

“... As you describe both the interior and exterior spaces (attached or separate from the house), think about what should be next to what. It's usually pretty smart to have the bathroom next to the bedroom and the laundry next to the closet. The dining room should be next to the kitchen, sometimes we have a snack during cooking or straight from the refrigerator. Imagine a dining room within reach of the kitchen…” and so on.

“If you have already presented the scenes of your home life, then it's time to rehearse them. Use your body realistically to see how much space you need, how high rooms should be. Plan your home to help you be happy all the time.” In a word, create an image, as in Figure 1.

Dream on paper
Suppose you want to build a house for a young couple. Zones are defined: bedroom, kitchen, bathroom, guest room, pantry. As a material, we will choose a tree, a frame made of logs. The estimated dimensions of the log house are 5x6 m. The logs are 25 cm thick. The bedroom, kitchen and storage room are located on the ground floor. The attic will be the guest room. Based on these conditions, we will make calculations. They are based on a table of fathoms proposed by the Russian researcher A.F. Chernyaev (see table 1).

You must first determine the size of the house (in meters) and only then proceed to the choice of dimensions in sazhens. In order for a building to be harmonious, it is required that its internal and external dimensions be designed according to sazhens. The internal dimensions must be determined in terms of measures related to different fathoms: in half fathoms, elbows, spans, metacarpuses. There should be an even number of them - 2 half fathoms, 4 spans, etc. The external dimensions of the house with a porch and roof overhangs must fit into an even number of fathoms.

Calculation of the internal dimensions of the house by sazhens
Let's determine the dimensions of the room (see Figure 2), without taking into account the internal partitions. The choice of fathoms begins with a height. You can set it in 8 large spans, which will be 2.585 m. Accordingly, according to the table, the width is 32 Egyptian spans (6.652 m). Length - 6.048 m, which will be 32 simple spans. These fathoms, as we see, are included in groups No. 5 (first), No. 1 (second) and No. 3 (third).

We will carry out similar calculations for windows and doors. Let the height of the window be two large cubits - 1.293 m, and the width - two church cubits - 0.932 m. The height of the door - 4 royal cubits - 1.974 m, the width - 2 masonry cubits. By spans, you can calculate the indents of doors and windows from the floor and walls. The height of the foundation up to 40 cm is not taken into account, but let's say that it is 80 cm.

Calculation of the external dimensions of the house by sazhens
The height of the house will consist of the height of the foundation, the thickness of the floor and ceiling, the height of the walls in the room, the thickness of the roof in the ridge. The dimensions of pipes from ventilation and furnace, weather vanes are not taken into account.

As a result, we get the following:
0.8m + 0.5m + 0.5m + 2.585m + 3.659m + 0.5 = 8.544m = 6 fathoms small.

The width of the house is the sum of the width of the two roof overhangs, the thickness of the two walls, the internal width of the house:
0.5m x 2 + 0.25m x 2 + 6.048m = 7.456 = 4 church fathoms.

The length of the house consists of the width of the two roof overhangs, the thickness of the two walls, the internal length of the house, and the length of the porch ledge:
0.5m x2 + 0.25m x 2 + 6.652m +1.608m = 9.760 = 4 great fathoms.

As a result of the calculations, the following fathoms were obtained: small from group No. 2 (third), church from group No. 3 (second), large from group No. 4 (first).

All obtained values ​​can be rounded to within 3%. For example, instead of 6.048 m, you can take 6 m.

Analysis of the performed calculations
Find the ratio of sazhens, determine the coefficients:
6,652:2,585=2,57
6,048:2,585=2,34
6,652:6,048=1,09
9,76:8,544=1,14
8,544:7,456 =1,13
9,76:7,456=1,31

It is obvious that the obtained coefficients coincide with the harmonic coefficients according to the golden section with an error of less than 3%. 2.618 is the golden ratio squared; 2.33 - double gold (root of five minus one), 1.118 - Zholtovsky's function, derived by Zholtovsky on the basis of the proportion of the golden section (root of five in half), 1.171 - Hesi-Ra coefficient (square of the golden ratio divided by the root of five ), 1.309 is the wurf ratio (golden ratio squared in half).

In conclusion, it should be noted that the method of calculating structures by fathoms (unlike feng shui and vastu shastra) is simple and accessible. The result is a “living” house, harmonious to a person.

FATCH TABLE (in cm) According to Chernyaev. (Golden fathoms of Ancient Rus', 2007).
The name of the sazhen	fathom	half a fathom	elbow	span	metacarpus	vershok
	134,5
	142,4
	150,8
masonry	159,7
Egyptian	166,3
Folk	176,0
Church	186,4
	197,4
Piletsky	205,5
pharaonic	209,1
Treasury	217,6
Greek	230,4
	244,0
	258,4
policeman	284,8

The ratio of the fathom and its elements:

Half a fathom = ½ fathom

Elbow = ½ half fathom (1/4 fathom)

Span = ½ cubit (1/8 fathom)

Metacarpus \u003d ½ span (1/16 fathoms)

Vershok \u003d ½ metacarpus (1/32 fathoms)

A.F. Chernyaev
Gold of Ancient Rus', M., 1998

THE LOGIC OF ANCIENT FATHUMS

It was mentioned above that in Ancient Rus' there were many commensurate measuring instruments - sazhens. For almost two centuries, scientists have been trying to reduce this set to the minimum number of standard sizes, and so far without success. And these failures are not accidental. In all works on systems of measures fathoms are considered only as measuring instruments that have a strictly defined length and the only way to use it is to measure. According to the logic formulated over two centuries by the meter, the measuring tool must be divided with great accuracy into a certain number of identical measuring units, usually multiples of a “round number”. For example, a meter is divided into 10 decimeters, a decimeter is divided into 10 centimeters, and so on. The meter itself is a standard value, ten millionths of one quarter of the Parisian meridian, and obtaining its standard length is a rather complicated, lengthy and expensive operation. That is why once the obtained reference segment in the form of a verified platinum rod has been stored in a case for almost 200 years at a constant temperature, pressure and humidity. And even under these conditions, its length needs to be clarified.

Questions arise: What methods were used to store measuring instruments in antiquity? Does it make sense to talk about their accuracy? And isn't the requirement to accurately measure the length of sazhens a logical echo of the habitual use of the standard unit of length - the meter? After all, this “storage” lasted thousands of years from the time of Ancient Egypt, if not earlier. In addition, no standards have been found. It is not necessary to demand accuracy from such instruments in the absence of even a hint of standards. And yet...

The structures of both Ancient Rus' and Ancient Egypt, in their proportionality, proportionality and aesthetic beauty, intended to ennoble people, far exceed the typical and non-standard "boxes" of the 19th and 20th centuries. - the brainchild of a very accurate standard meter.

This proportionality and aesthetic beauty of buildings is a consequence of a special, mobile function of the interconnected complex of ancient Russian sazhens, which consists in the fact that their main purpose is commensuration, and therefore they are not static rulers, but ongoing dynamic processes stopped by the length.

Translated by length, for ease of use, into the usual centimeters for us, sazhens, however, do not have "real" lengths. Fathoms are not a measuring instrument and therefore have no length themselves. , although they are sometimes used for measurement. Just as bodies have no dimension, so sazhens do not have metricity. Fathoms - a measuring tool, a tool and a system of proportioning , so their metric modulus is an infinite irrational number rounded up to the 4th decimal place. And their diagonal from left to right from bottom to top is nothing more than a row of the golden ratio ( in this case it is about Russian matrix coefficients - approx. my O.S.).

In the matrix A.A. Piletsky sazhen for this reason are an abstract expression of an infinite process that has taken the form of finite segments. Each sazhen has, as it were, its own internal unit of measurement of length, unknown to us, different from all other lengths, and due to its own process of molecular division.

In fact, each sazhen is one of those irrational segments-processes that are obtained by dividing a segment of any length in extreme and average ratios. When adding or dividing sazhens, we add or divide not segments of length, but processes, infinities, and the results of division or addition, as it were, represent whole and indivisible segments. And therefore, the newly formed "segment" is not part of any process, but is a whole as a new independent process. This is the main qualitative difference between sazhens and meters. A meter is a static measuring unit, a standard designed to compare all measured bodies with itself. A sazhen is a commensurate process that determines the proportion of body parts to the process, and, consequently, to the body itself. The meter fixes the existing proportions, killing them with static. The fathom measures the proportions by the process, enlivening them. For everything that moves lives in proportion.

It is proportionality that determines the principles for dividing fathoms into elements. Being a segment-process of infinite length, not measured to either end, the sazhen cannot be measured by any measuring instrument.

A segment that has one end at infinity has another end that goes to infinity. And although for us, for the external system, each of its ends is finite, and we define it as a finite external measuring instrument, it remains for itself an infinite system, moving in which (assuming that we managed to get into this system) from one end never reach another.

It is impossible to divide such a segment into two finite parts or to cut off from it, in his system, a segment of finite length, because for such a segment there is no commensurable and invariable reference element that is a multiple of the entire segment. Yes, and two different-sized halves - the result of the division carried out - will immediately change their internal parameters. In addition, as the division in the extreme and average ratio shows, a segment of irrational length does not have a place located exactly in its center, and dividing it by 2 causes the appearance of two irrational, as if comparable, but not commensurate in dimension, segments-processes.

Therefore, the division of ancient planting processes is possible only by 2. The bifurcation of fathoms or their elements leads to the appearance of only two "infinitely finite" lengths as residues. Building a fathom, dividing it into 3, 5, 6, etc. parts is impossible, because it creates conditions for the appearance between infinite segments of finite segments, commensurate with some dimensional instrument, but not commensurate, and therefore not processes and not suitable for commensuration. Rounding irrational bifurcated segments in any dimension hides movement. Irrational numbers, according to S. Gromov, - "incomplete numbers, as if requiring constant recalculation", and therefore dynamic numbers, and their properties are determined by dynamic geometry, the idea of ​​which is only beginning to take shape in modern science. Briefly, they boil down to the following.

In contrast to static geometry, in which a point is a geometric object devoid of extension, and a straight line, having the same rank as a point, is, as it were, points merged in length and therefore ends on each side with an end point, in dynamic geometry a point is a sphere of one rank that does not have a center, i.e., has a radius of infinite length, and a straight line is points of another, “lower” rank merged into one chain. And such a dynamic straight line ends with the intersection of the boundary of the previous sphere-point in rank and the aspiration along the radius to its absent center, i.e. to infinity. The division of a dynamic segment is accompanied by a change in the place of division of the rank of "end" points and their transformation into points of a "higher" rank, i.e. the process of moving along the radius of the new ends to infinity. The addition of newly obtained, infinite segments does not form a single double segment, as in static geometry, but leads to the appearance of a composite segment, as it were, through a point of a different rank. So, the diameter of any circle in dynamic geometry consists, and does not add up, of two infinite radii that are incommensurable with the length of the circle they form. Incommensurability always manifests itself in the form of a transcendental number when dividing a circle by a compound diameter or twice the radius. Doubling is the combination of two infinities into one.

These processes of doubling-doubling of dynamic geometry are apparently put by some civilization as the basis of the system of ancient sazhens. They define first feature changes in the dimensionality of commensurate instruments - obtaining segments of smaller length by successively dividing them by 2. In the matrix A.A. Pilecki, this division sequence is displayed by a series of numbers descending under the numerical value of each sazhen, formed by its successive division by 2. The number of these numbers, including the sazhen itself, is 6. As shown, they have the following names: sazhen, half a sazhen, a quarter of a sazhen - an elbow, an eighth part of a sazhen - half a cubit - a span, a sixteenth part - half a span or two vershoks, or a metacarpus, and a thirty-second part of a sazhen - a vershok or half a metacarpus.

At the top, the bifurcation ends, although it could, as A.A. Pilecki, and continue indefinitely. The top is the final element, proportionality. He gets two functional purposes: on the one hand, carrying out the functions of proportionality, and on the other, being a measuring tool. It is the only one among the elements of a sazhen that can be divided by any number, forming a measuring quotient, the addition of which to any element of a sazhen turns this element from a commensurate into a measuring one, i.e. changes its status and quality from dynamic to static, which makes it impossible for its parts to participate in the process of comparison. Below I will try to figure out what determines the measuring quality of an inch, but for now I will note that the existence of six bifurcated elements of one sazhen is second feature complex of ancient sazhens.

Third feature consists in the existence of a relationship between the elements of each fathom of the Pilecki matrix and the elements of all other fathoms. The consequence of these relationships is the property of matrix tie, which makes it possible to find, by means of four operations of arithmetic, and first of all, addition and subtraction, by elements of two different fathoms, elements of all other fathoms. The simplest of the matrix tie operations is the Fibonacci rule of addition and subtraction: the sum of two consecutive numbers diagonally from left to right from bottom to top is equal to the top number. For example, let's take a government elbow 54.4 cm, add it with half a sazhen of the people's 88.0 cm and get a small sazhen of 142.4 cm.<...>.

THE MYSTERY OF CHURCH ARCHITECTURE

The master - an architect, in a modern way - an architect, in Rus' did not calculate the relationship and conjugation of sizes, did not calculate the golden proportions, because he did not know anything about them, and there was no need for this. Since, having "Semer", he chose the commensurability of fathoms according to the rule of groups and according to the quality (significance of the church, for example) that the object required for its intended purpose. He did not even imagine, apparently, that something could be considered for an object, since he operated not with commensurable centimeters, but with incommensurable sazhens, and he knew that only by following the methodology - the canon, you can get a beautiful conjugation of proportions, harmony, object.

The proportions were not calculated because they were originally included in the lengths of sazhens, and a set of several sazhens, chosen according to the canon, always makes up the proportion displayed in the matrix (i.e., a multiple of the golden number).

In addition, it seems that the sazhen was not a directive invariable tool, and the master, depending on his design and the status of the structure, had the opportunity to slightly change the length of the sazhen so that the harmony of the proportional division of the object into parts would pass from explicit to implicit, hidden, and the hidden harmony was not visible to the uninitiated. It must be assumed that the masters, if they did not know, then felt such an aesthetics of proportions, which Heraclitus fit into one sentence: "... the hidden proportion is stronger than the explicit" and Plato described it as: “... similar is a thousand times more beautiful than unlike ... . The relation of the part to the whole and the whole to the part can arise only when things are not identical and not completely distinguishable from each other..

A sazhen for an architect did not become a charter. It did not remain an immutable tool on maternity leave. He probably had the opportunity, even without understanding the reason for it, to change its length within 1%, which, as already mentioned, does not affect the proportioning, but “blurs” its boundaries, which, moreover, were deliberately made more “vague” (for example, their ornaments, friezes, kokoshniks, etc.). The possibility of changing the length is the second component of the presence of many types of fathoms on the territory of Rus' (the first, as shown above, is the restoration of fathoms without focusing on a single standard).

The sazhen as a latent process with a doubling of length changes its dynamics. The proportions displayed by it become, as it were, mobile. Dynamics of moving proportions plunges a true Master, a master with a capital letter, to create a harmonious object in co-creation with God. And the more spiritual the Master possesses, the more subtle his sense of the sublime and uplifting, the more impressive the product of this co-creation will be.

It became especially important for the masters to display the hidden proportion in the composition of spiritual structures and, first of all, churches, cathedrals, and temples. The Church as a religious building is the Temple of God, the Temple of Christ, an object of holiness for believers and even unbelievers. Holiness is the measure of the church. The yardstick is always expressed as a number. A number behind which quality can be hidden, including the significance of the object being built.

Number of Christ 7 . The number is sacred, in other words, sacred. And the qualitative composition of the church being built as a temple of Christ, as a spiritual structure in its hidden proportion included elements of sacredness, containing a combined number of dual measures: worldly, open to all,
and hidden, multiples of 7. And included in such a way that those who were not initiated into the sacrament of religious buildings of Christianity did not notice either duality or multiplicity. Just as it was not noticed that in breaking the church, which has the highest status of holiness, at least 7 sazhens of various lengths were involved.

These rules were so conspiratorial and followed with such care (this, apparently, caused their loss) that even today, admiring, for example, the Great Pechersk Church in Kiev, the Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye or the same church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa in Novgorod ( or their layouts), even major architects are not aware of the double dimensional structuring of these masterpieces and the sacredness of their proportions to the sacred number 7. (And here we can see a parallel with ancient Egyptian sacredness.)

It should be emphasized that the possibility of combined (double) use of measures determined precisely the presence of a system of interconnected fathoms, one of the ways of expressing which A.A. Piletsky managed to establish in the form of a tabular matrix "Semer" .<...>

OLD RUSSIAN METROLOGY
EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS

The pyramids of Egypt, built almost 3000 years BC, remain mysterious today both in terms of the technology of their construction and in terms of the knowledge that the builders of the pyramids possessed. One of the biggest mysteries of the construction of the pyramids is the size of the measuring instruments, according to which the construction and construction of the objects of Ancient Egypt was carried out. The construction of the most strictly verified pyramids (practically exact angles of 90 °, deviation of only 2-3 cm of the sides of the base with a length of more than 200 m, observance of the angles of inclination of the sides for up to seconds, bringing the faces of the pyramids to one point at a height of more than 100 m, etc. ) indicates that the builders have accurate measuring instruments and a well-established technique for spatial measurement. But what are the dimensions of these tools? What is their proportion? What is the method of production of measuring work? Until now, science is unknown.

Most researchers believe that the ancient Egyptian architects also used a single measuring instrument, the length of which, they believe, almost coincided with the length of the modern standard meter. Over time, its dimensions will be specified. Finding these dimensions is complicated by the fact that the results of measuring the parameters of the most ancient objects with a standard meter always turn out to be fractional. And this is despite the general belief that the ancient Egyptians were not familiar with fractions.

However, the exact size of the desired tool has not yet been determined, and therefore there are still no unambiguous answers to a number of questions on the proportioning of ancient Egyptian architectural elements of buildings and structures. It is not clear, for example, why the parameters of structures, and primarily the heights of the pyramids in Giza, were determined with an accuracy of four or five decimal places? After all, it is much easier to define them in integers. For example, the height is 143 m, the side length is 215 m, etc. Then the size of the tool used would be much easier to detect.

It must be assumed that the architects of Ancient Egypt understood this too. Moreover, the geometry of objects and especially the measuring instruments used in the construction of the pyramids would show that by the time the construction of the pyramids began, the priests owned the harmony of dynamic geometry, to the understanding of which, as already mentioned, mankind is only approaching. Therefore, it seems, probably plausible, that the architects of the pharaoh, who built the pyramids, deliberately concealed the parameters of the measuring instruments. Since it is impossible to achieve an understanding of the structure of dilapidated pyramids without knowing the harmony in the use of measuring instruments that gave rise to them. In other words: until the harmony of proportional relationships of ancient measuring instruments is found, it is impossible even to come close to unraveling the secrets of the pyramids.

It can be noted that a similar fractionation occurs when measuring the parameters of ancient Russian structures with a meter. But in this case, it is known that the resulting fractionation is a consequence of the use in Ancient Rus' of many sazhens disproportionate to each other and to the meter.

The fact that for centuries archaeologists and scientists have not been able to determine the size of the ancient Egyptian analogue of the modern meter most likely indicates the absence of a single measuring instrument and the possible existence in Egypt of some similarity to the ancient Russian system of measuring instruments. And the question arises: could it not turn out that the same metrological system was used in Ancient Rus' and Ancient Egypt?

We have already mentioned one of possible confirmations this version, displayed on Hesi-Ra panels. However, the image on the panels cannot serve as proof of the applicability of ancient Russian sazhens, for example, in the construction of pyramids. This proof can be considered only a direct confirmation of the multiplicity of dimensions individual elements of the same pyramids to ancient Russian commensurate tools and methods of their application, and until this commensurability is obtained, this assumption will remain a hypothetical version.

To verify this version, let us once again note the features of the use of the system of ancient Russian sazhens.

Main Feature application of the system of fathoms lies in the fact that the decrease in the dimensionality of the tool (obtaining measuring rods of a smaller scale than a fathom) was carried out by successively dividing the corresponding fathom by 2 (bifurcation).

Second feature: not a single building in Rus' was built using only one type of fathoms. When measuring the length of the building, one sazhen was used, the width - another, the height - the third. Internal breakdown was made by the fourth sazhen. And if the next floor was erected, then its height was determined depending on the surrounding landscape by another fathom or a combination of a fathom and its elements. For example: two fathoms, one and a half fathoms, a fathom and a quarter (with an elbow), etc.

Third feature: all the parameters of the objects were measured only by a whole, as if quantized, number of measuring instruments - sazhens, cubits, vershoks, etc. For example, the length of the building was equal to 6 city fathoms of 284.8 cm each or 12 small fathoms of 142.4 cm each, which is 17.088 m in a meter measurement. The width is equal to four one and a half simple fathoms of 150.8 x 1.5 = 2.262 cm, and in meter measurement 9.048 m. Finally, the height is equal to two simple fathoms of 150.8 cm or 3.016 m.

Thus, the parameters of objects, measured by an integer number of sazhens, always turn out to be fractional when measured with a standard meter. And, as already noted, this feature is systematically recorded when measuring all ancient Egyptian structures with a meter. Therefore, it can be repeated that it is impossible to achieve an understanding of the structure of dilapidated pyramids without knowing the harmony of the measuring instruments that gave rise to them.

Based on the methods of using the system of fathoms, let us consider the possibility of using them to determine the parameters of the complex pyramids at Giza and other ancient objects. Since the names of the ancient Egyptian measuring instruments have not come down to us, the names of their analogues adopted in Rus' are used below.

The results of measuring the parameters of the pyramids in Giza with sazhens, displayed in tables 10-12 with an accuracy of ± 5 cm per hundreds of meters, confirm the assumption of the unity of the ancient Russian and ancient Egyptian systems of measuring instruments and allow us to draw the following conclusions:

All pyramid parameters (height h, side a, base diagonal d, side edge b, apothem c) are multiples of an integer number of different sazhens, remaining fractional in meter measurement;

The main parameter of the pyramids - the height is determined for all pyramids by whole dozens of different fathoms 90, 60, 30, multiples of the sacred number 3;

All parameters of the pyramids are measured by different fathoms;

One or more parameters of each object, when the modulus of the number of fathoms is reduced to one digit, is equal to or a multiple of the sacred number; these are probably the significant numbers of each parameter;

The largest slope of the sides has a pyramid Khafra, as well as the greatest coincidence of the calculated parameters with the measurement results;

Ten ancient Russian sazhens are involved in the structure of the parameters of the pyramids.

From table 7 it follows that in the structure of the pyramid Khafra the parameters of the sacred Egyptian triangle 3:4:5 are laid down:

107,8: 35,93 = 3; 143,73: 35,93 = 4; 179,66: 35,93 = 5.

And this triangle is associated according to ancient Egyptian mythology with the three main gods: the small leg is the goddess of fertility Isis, the big leg, or the height of the pyramid, is the god Osiris and the hypotenuse (apothem) is their son Horus, and displays the natural harmony of the object.

Let us consider whether the parameters of some other objects of the complex and their premises coincide with the dimensions of the sazhens.

The best-preserved temple of the pyramid ensemble at Giza, the lower temple of the pyramid of Khafre, has a square shape with a base side of 45 x 45 m and a height of 13 m. Apparently, these data, like many others, are rounded and its true dimensions are 45.24 x 45 , 24 m, or 30 simple fathoms, and the height is 13.05 m or 7 church fathoms. The great gallery of the pyramid of Cheops has a length of 47 m or 33 fathoms of small ones, and a height of 8.5 m, which is the same fathoms, and possibly 3 fathoms of city men, and the actual height is 8.54 m. The burial room has dimensions according to the measurement: length 10.5 m, width 5.2 m and height 5.8 m. 304,72

Soot name

length cm

Soot name

length cm

Table 12 Proportions of the pyramid of Menkaure

	height h	side a	diag. main d	side. reb. b	apothem c
Calculation, m
Soot name
length cm

I note that the room is a two-adjacent square (DK), in the length of which there are 6 fathoms of folk or 10.56 m, in a width of 3 fathoms of folk or 5.28 cm, and in a height of 3 royal fathoms or 5.92 m. question: did the ancient Russian names of sazhens coincide with the ancient Egyptian ones?)

And finally, next to the path of ascent to the pyramid Khafre lies on guard huge Sphinx- a stone lion with a human head. Carved from a single rock, it measures 57 m long and 20 m high. Double counting is possible in sazhens in length - 40 small sazhens (56.96 m) or 22 large sazhens, which is 56.85 m, and a height of 7 city ​​fathoms, and in meters 19.94 m.

Thus, there is every reason to believe that all the premises and objects of the Giza pyramid complex were designed and built according to dimensional tools, fully proportionate old Russian sazhens.

Let us now return to the beginning of the construction of the pyramids and see if old Russian system measuring instruments during their construction.

So, the first of the erected pyramids - the pyramid Djoser. According to various sources, its height is 60 or 61 m. The sides of the base are 115 x 125 m. Exactly 25 great sazhens fit into 61 m. And in terms of the dimensions of the sides - 72 fathoms of masonry or 114.98 m and 71 fathoms of folk or 124.96 m. If we take a site fenced off by a wall on which the pyramid complex was erected, then it is a rectangle 545 x 277 m. These parameters can form 2 combinations of fathoms: 260 fathoms of the pharaoh or 544.65 m, 276 royal fathoms or 544.82 m fit in length; 206 fathoms smaller in width, i.e. 276.99 m or 140 fathoms of Greek - length 276.48 m. It is possible to clarify the use of specific fathoms only by external measurement with an accuracy of ± 3 cm. It turns out that already from the first pyramid, Egyptian builders used a systemic set of measuring instruments.

Let's continue with the pyramids. Pyramid Huni in Meidum: 146 x 146 m, height 118 m (?). 83 fathoms of the people or 74 fathoms of the state are placed on the side, and the length of the side is 146.08 m. 67 fathoms of the people (117.92 m) are placed in the height, and this, apparently, shows that the height was measured with an error.

Pyramid Sneferu in Dashur has a base of 185.5 x 185.5 m and a height of about 100 m. Probably, the measurements are also not entirely accurate. 123 simple sazhens are laid aside, and its length is 185.48 m, and in height - 41 great sazhens, i.e. 100.04 m.

And the last pyramid Sneferu in the same Dashur. Its parameters are 218.5 x 221.5 m and the height is 104.4 m. And in this case, an inaccuracy in measuring the sides is likely. The height is 104.38 m or 56 church fathoms. And here an inaccuracy is not ruled out, since some sources estimate the height at 92 m, and this is exactly 61 simple sazhens.

Appeal to ancient Russian traditions:

we build a "living" house

Have you ever paid attention to how your soul lives in prehistoric structures? And how are these religious buildings harmoniously combined? They attract our eyes, and we always want to think in them ... The fact is that in the distant past, ancient architects were worried about the unity of the world and the human soul. These two categories can reunite both in the bosom of nature and in a person's home. Only it should be created according to a special human measure - fathoms. According to this law, they erected buildings that still stand, untouched by time, while retaining their energy. How to build a house according to ancient Russian sazhens, we will tell in our material.

Where did the fathom come from

Have you ever wondered what rules determine the integrity of our universe? If we take a broader scale and look at the distance from space to the microcosm, then we can see certain geometric patterns that correspond to the rule of the golden section. Thus, the circulation of neighboring planets around the Sun is in harmony with the "golden" number - 1.618. Such a ratio can also be found in the structure of plants, birds, animals, and humans. There are also many examples in art, science and technology. All this serves as proof of the omnipresence of the golden (or divine) proportion, which is the highest manifestation of structural and functional unity.

But is there a relationship between fathoms and the golden ratio? It turns out there is. And this was proved by the prominent architect A. A. Piletsky, who combined 12 ancient sazhens (see table 1). They were obtained by averaging many samples of measuring instruments. The relationship of fathoms lies in the fact that their multiplicity is equal to the golden number (1.618) and its derivatives. If we divide the Greek sazhen by a small one, we get: 230.4 / 142.4≈1.618. Despite the canonical unity of this system, the ancient architects did not engage in mathematical calculations and did not calculate the golden proportions. Academician Anatoly Fedorovich Chernyaev in his book “Golden Fathoms of Ancient Russia” explained that there was no particular need for this: “Having “Semer”, he (the architect, - ed.) chose the commensurability of fathoms according to the rule of groups and according to that quality ( the significance of the church, for example), which was required by the object for its intended purpose. He did not even imagine, apparently, that something could be considered with an object, since he operated not with commensurable centimeters, but with incommensurable sazhens, and he knew that only by following the methodology - the canon - one can get a beautiful conjugation of proportions, harmony, an object.

Let us briefly characterize the features of the fathom system proposed by Chernyaev (see Table 2). First, to measure segments smaller than sazhens, the latter are successively divided into two. For example, half a folk sazhen - a folk half-sazhen - 88 cm, a quarter of a sazhen - a folk cubit - 44 cm, one eighth of a folk fathom or half a cubit - 22 cm, and so on (division, the same for all fathoms). An important point: not a single building in Ancient Rus' was built using only one type of fathoms. When measuring the length of objects, one sazhen was used, the width - another, the height - the third. The internal breakdown was carried out by the fourth sazhen, etc. This system formed the basis of the modern construction of houses according to sazhens.

"Inanimate" standard

The use of the standard measurement value - the meter - cannot cope with the tasks that sazhens so easily solve. Anatoly Fedorovich Chernyaev, in particular, spoke about this: “Our mathematicians proceed from the fact that the length, width and height are the same. And the system of sazhens was created for comparisons. That is, among the ancient architects, a meter in length was not equal to a meter in height and a meter in width. If we adhere to this rule - we keep this inequality, we will get the proportions of the structure, which will be commensurate with the proportions of the Earth. For example, the erected temple becomes harmonious with the Planet. And if we use an ordinary meter, then our structure will be inharmonious with it.

According to Mr. Chernyaev, there was no strict parallelism in the old premises. Everywhere there were life-giving angles of inclination. The whole mood came from the walls, which were erected in triple fathoms. In such a room there was no negative-hidden - standing wave, which took energy from a person. This wave can appear only in parallel and symmetrical rooms. There are no such clear boundaries in the structures erected according to the ancient Russian sazhens. Therefore, the very design of the room tuned the person to a favorable resonance.

She spoke about the disadvantages of modern housing professional architect Marina Makarova:

— Judge for yourself: the size of a personal space for a normal person is double the arm span (2x1.76=3.52), the height of the raised arm (2x2.176=4.352), a double pair of steps (2x1.345=2.69). Personal space should not be filled with anything and no one except the "owner" himself. Most residential "cells" do not satisfy this condition.

But much more important is the fact that buildings built without regard for harmony concentrate energy that is unfavorable for humans. The mechanism of action is approximately as follows: an irritated or upset person comes to his "cell" and "dumps" negative emotions on the household. Building structures erected without taking into account harmonic construction respond to this type of emotion.

- If the vibration frequency coincides, an increase in vibration can occur, which spreads over all structures, and now a slight skirmish is heard from the neighbors, feeding the negative background of the entire building. In a harmonious house, only positive emotions get spread, since the size of a sazhen coincides with exactly the frequency of the waves that is pleasing to our ear, which means that fluctuations that are favorable to us will spread. Everything else just fades away. Apparently, this is the reason for the effect of "goodness" and the calm that we experience when we get into old buildings - residential and special, - concluded Marina Makarova.

Changing the face of space

Creating a harmonious living environment is impossible without proportioning the parts of structures that correspond to the proportions of nature and man. If it was decided to build a house on your own, then with all the knowledge you have about the sazhen system, you still cannot become an architect. Since no one has canceled architectural knowledge, Marina Makarova notes. When building a traditional house, the process is extremely simple. Since the scheme for building a plan has been polished by many generations and provides for the solution of many vital issues - from keeping warm to organizing the flow of vital energies. But if intended individual house, then the future owner will have to solve many large and small problems.

Entrust construction individual home can master. However, the option is not ruled out in which you yourself can act as the author and builder of your structure. The first thing to start with is to deal with geographic location building. Svetlana Ryabtseva, design engineer, student of A.F. Chernyaev, shared her vision:

— A person who knows how to reason is able to create a house — a unique design creation that reflects the harmony of the Universe in the comfort of a human dwelling. It is convenient for a house, like a person on vacation, not to be on a mountaintop, but on a hillock, preferably in a hollow so that the wind does not blow through the door, so that the places of stay are illuminated by the sun, especially when it is necessary for work. The windows of the bedroom, where the light is not so important, are conveniently located with an exit to the north.

- After the location of the future structure has been chosen, the owner and hostess draw up a sketch of the project of their house and choose the main three fathoms, which will later determine the width, length and height of the building. When constructing a building, it is best to use an even number of fathoms without adding half fathoms, etc. Determining the personal dimensions of the owner is quite simple. For example, the height of the owner is 181 cm. We use the folk sazhen (176 cm) - this is the sazhen of an average height of a person. We divide the amount of growth, that is, 181 by 176, and we get 1.028. By successively multiplying the row of fathoms (16 fathoms according to A.F. Chernyaev) by 1.028, we get personal fathoms for the owner with a height of 181. And from these 16 we choose 3 fathoms for building the volume of the building (length, width, height).

The choice of sazhens can take place according to different options. But the main criterion in determining the desired size are the feelings that arise in a person. If the owner likes what he does, then it is right. If it was decided to entrust the work to the master, then the owner and hostess draw a house project or find a house project they like on the Internet. All other concerns fall on the shoulders of the master, who brings this project into a planted form, taking into account the requirements and desires of the owners.

Harmony in the city

Let's go back to the bustling metropolis. Today we are seeing how the urban present does not stand still: cities are growing not so much in breadth, but up. Only compact glass towers do not correspond in any way with ancient buildings, in which the coefficient of harmony occupies a special place. The architects of that time could remember about fathoms and "golden proportions", expressing the result in meters. If the buildings of the 19th - early 20th centuries still retain traces of humane design and construction, then the buildings of the second half of the 20th century do not possess such qualities, Marina Makarova states.

But harmonize typical apartment nevertheless it is possible. Svetlana Ryabtseva told about this:

- To do this, you need to calculate the correct options for combining length, width and height in different fathoms. The height is adjusted using suspended ceilings, and the length and width can be changed by making the built-in furniture the desired size. Asymmetric patterns on the walls, made according to fathoms, have a positive effect on human energy.

Let's do an experiment. We conditionally designate the parameters of the room we have chosen: height - 2.5 m, width - 2 m, length - 4 m. Let's correlate these values ​​​​with the table of A.F. Chernyaev and calculate the dimensions of the room in parts of fathoms. If the height of the room is 2.5 m, then you can choose a harmonious height of 2.44 - 4 cubits of a great fathom. For a width of 2 m, we will choose 1.97 - 4 cubits of a royal fathom, for a length of 4 m - 3.194 - 4 masonry cubits. Let's check the ratio: 2.44 / 1.97 = 1.238 - 1.236 double gold (a function of 1.618), 3.194 / 1.97 = 1.621 - 1.618 (golden ratio with an allowable error of 3%). We order a built-in wardrobe with a depth of 80 cm or 2 by 40 cm on both sides, and the room is ready by sazhens.

“A person will be more comfortable in an apartment furnished according to sazhens, although it still will not replace his own full-fledged harmonious home,” Svetlana Ryabtseva continues to argue. - The very same living typical building can be compared with a detuned orchestra or a musical instrument - if one part (apartment) sounds in resonance with the planet, will it be heard in the general confusion of the sounds of this building?

It is possible that the answers to this question may be different. The attitude to life can also be different. Since the desire to make your stay on this earth correlates with the individual choice of each.

Table 1. A set of 12 ancient fathoms according to A. A. Piletsky (in cm)

city ​​sazhen
sazhen without a name
fathom great
Greek
government
church
folk
masonry
Untitled

Table 2. A set of fathoms according to A.F. Chernyaev (in cm)

The name of the sazhen		half a fathom
masonry
Egyptian
Chernyaeva
Folk
Church

Increasingly, in the scientific literature, the fruitful influence on a person of structures proportional to the golden section is noted. Moreover, we mean any structures and objects created by man. From a primitive spoon to a grandiose palace.

It becomes clear that the proportioning of parts of buildings and structures, corresponding to the natural proportions and proportions of a person, his perception of reality and sensations, is the most important factor normal functioning human body. And if you want to build an eco-friendly adobe house, then the benefits of the golden ratio in it will be especially strong. But how to calculate the "golden sizes"? Due to the fact that in golden proportions all numbers are irrational, it is difficult or impossible to calculate them in the mind or even on a calculator. Only a modern computer can handle it. But it is not yet possible to write a program for a computer, since the principles of applying the golden ratio are just beginning to emerge from the fog. And how did our ancestors get out of the situation? Analysis of absolutely all ancient structures, starting from Egyptian pyramids, shows the presence of the Golden Ratio, and the versatility of its application is confusing. And the most "fresh" of the surviving gold-cut structures are ancient Russian churches and temples !!! Since ancient times and right up to the 18th century in Rus' they built according to the golden proportions! Only Peter I put an end to the "mess", equating the official sazhen (217.6 cm) to 7 English feet (213.360 cm). In 1835 Nicholas I generally banned the remaining sazhens, and in 1924 the metric system was introduced.

This means that it is much easier to try to restore the ancient Russian measuring system than to compose fancy programs for a computer and carry it around with you. It is not clear yet how this “invention of the bicycle” will end.

To understand the essence and meaning of measurement in ancient Russian sazhens, you have to plunge a little into mathematics and geometry. Quite a bit, look at least diagonally all the formulas.

The existence of the mysterious "Golden Number" by F.

Practical acquaintance with the Golden Ratio begins with dividing a straight line segment in the golden ratio using a compass and ruler. From a point IN a perpendicular is restored equal to half AB. Received point WITH connected by a line to a dot A. A segment is drawn on the resulting line Sun, ending with a dot D. Line segment AD transferred to a straight line AB. The resulting point E divides the segment AB in the golden ratio.

The exact value of Ф is found mathematically as the root of the quadratic equation obtained by dividing the segment in extreme and average ratios, that is, in the golden ratio:

(a+c)/c=c/a=Ф This is the golden ratio. There are an infinite number of solutions for the numbers a and c, and all of them will be irrational (although one number can be an integer). But there is only one solution for the number F:

F \u003d (1 + V5) / 2 \u003d 1.6180339887498948482045868343656 ... (V5 is the square root of 5)

True, the above quadratic equation has one more root (1- V5) / 2 \u003d - 1 / Ф, but since it is negative, and both numbers a and c are positive, we discard this solution.

F-number irrational infinite.

Reciprocal value 1 / F \u003d 0.6180339887498948482045868343656 ...

Square F 2 \u003d 2.6180339887498948482045868343656 ...

All decimal places are the same... That's a mysterious number, isn't it? But that is not all.

The well-known Fibonacci number series (opened in the 13th century), where each subsequent member of the series is equal to the sum of the two previous ones, has the form:

1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34, 55, 89,… 377, 610,987,1597,2584,…

It is easy to see that with an increase in the serial numbers of members, the division of the next member by the previous one is increasingly approaching the golden number Ф:

3:2=1,5; 5:3=1,666; 21:13=1,615; 55:34=1,617; …610:377= 1,618037… .

The golden irrational number Ф was known back in Ancient Greece as the basis for the formation of an infinite series of quantities that has the properties of Fibonacci numbers obtained by multiplying or dividing the basic unit 1 by the golden number Ф. The branch of the series formed by successive multiplication by Ф is called ascending:
1; 1.618; 2.618; 4.236; 6.854; 11.090; 17.944; 29.034 ... and the other part of the series, formed by successive division by Ф, is called descending:
1; 0,618; 0,382; 0,236; 0,146; 0,090; 0,056; 0,034 … .

The number 1 itself, the first three members of the ascending series and the seven members of the descending series constitute the Greek series of numbers, called "golden ratio" or "golden section".

golden ratio- the only geometric progression (of course, you can take any basic number instead of 1 and there will be a different series, but the factor is 1.618 ... the only one) that has the properties of the Fibonacci series: each subsequent member of the series is obtained, like the Fibonacci numbers, by adding the two previous members, and the entire series, with the exception of the base 1, consists of irrational numbers. Moreover, the series is infinite in both directions, unlike the classic Fibonacci series, which have a beginning.

Where did the idea of ​​dividing the segments in the extreme and average ratios come from, which makes it possible to obtain the golden number Ф and the proportion called by Leonardo da Vinci the "golden section", we do not know.

So, the mysterious number Ф is calculated. But why do we need it?

It turns out that everything in nature, including humans, is created according to the proportions of the golden section.

We love beauty. Our body intuitively feels the golden ratio. Everything that seems beautiful to us has the properties of the golden ratio. Whether it's a natural landscape, an artist's painting or the human body. Why this is so, there is no definite answer yet. Esotericists immediately cite as evidence the “frequency of vibrations” created by different bodies, and it seems to be the same for gold-cut bodies. Some argue that gold-cut bodies, on the contrary, absorb (or pass) all frequencies equally, due to which they have balanced information. There was also such an expression about modern inharmonious constructions: "they give rise to standing waves that have a detrimental effect on the consciousness and human body." Scientists from science are still completely silent on this matter.

Over the past decades, numerous researchers have established ubiquitous manifestations of the law of golden proportions from the Cosmos to the Microworld.

In the Universe, all galaxies known to mankind and all bodies in them exist in the form of a spiral, corresponding to the formula of the golden section. The Russian astronomer Butusov in 1978 established that the ratio of the periods of revolution of neighboring planets around the Sun is equal to either the golden ratio 1.618 or its square 2.618.

Researchers find the ratios of the golden ratio in the morphological structure of plants, birds, animals, and humans.

The patterns of the golden ratio are also found in the organization of inorganic nature, for example, the structure of melt water, practically corresponds to the triangle of the golden ratio.

Thus, the manifestation of the principle of golden proportions is observed everywhere in nature from infinitely large galaxies to infinitely small cells and atoms.

The human figure, studied by the German researcher prof. Zeising in 1855 was a prime example of golden proportions.

For a block consisting of three elements with lengths a, b, c, the wurf relation W(a, b, c) is calculated by the formula:

W(a,b,c)=(a+b)(b+c)/b(a+b+c).

At the same time, another block - with other sizes and other ratios of elements - a', b', c' will be conformally symmetrical to it if the values ​​of their wurfs are equal, i.e. If:
W(a, b, c)=W(a’, b’, c’).

By means of transformations, such blocks can be combined with one another with the complete coincidence of all their points.

In the process of growth, the sizes of parts of the human body and their ratios change all the time. Moreover, these changes follow the principles of conformally symmetric transformations. For example, if we take the ratio of the foot, lower leg and thigh at the age of 1 year, 10 and 20 years, then the changes look like this: 1:1.27:1.40; 1:1.34:1.55; 1:1.39:1.68.

The growth of different parts of the body does not proceed evenly. The lower leg and thigh increase much more than the foot, the proportions of the human body change all the time. Wurf ratios for any age are calculated with the same value (W(1;1.27;1.40)=1.30; W(1;1.34;1.55)=1.30; W( 1;1.39;1.68)=1.30) and remain unchanged throughout the growth period. The constant and unchanging value of the wurf testifies to the transformation of the forms of our body according to the principles of conformal symmetry. The same picture opens for other blocks: shoulder - forearm - hand; phalanges of fingers; torso, upper and lower limbs of the body, etc.

Wurf values ​​vary slightly, averaging W = 1.31. In the ideal case, V. Petukhov indicates W \u003d 1.309, which, when expressed through the value of the golden section, is equal to Ф 2 /2. He calls him "golden wurf".

Wurf proportions make it possible, therefore, to identify conformally symmetrical groups, in other words, groups of kinship relations with a single initial beginning. Ordinary two-term proportions show only differences, while wurf proportions show the commonality of a certain set of three-term ratios.

If the proportions of the works of architecture around us belong to random groups, as in most modern buildings, then a person finds himself in an environment whose proportional structure, in its symmetry, is not characteristic of him. Such an Environment, which does not have any of the characteristic symmetry groups of a person, is most often not perceived by him, and is often rejected. This is where the root of the unfavorable psychophysical influence of the Environment on a person lies, and not only in the fact that residential buildings are a set of the same type of "boxes". The same can be said about the attractiveness and beauty of any objects that surround us.

Many scientists have been working diligently for 100 years to decipher and restore the lost Russian sazhens. A significant breakthrough occurred after 1970, when a fragment of the measure of the Novgorod architect was found near the church of Paraskeva Pyatnitsa in Novgorod. In the process of researching the yardstick, first A.A. Piletsky, and then A.F. Chernyaev, managed not only to restore it completely, but also to show that it was both a measuring and co-measuring tool. On one side, measurements of all fathoms were applied, and the remaining three sides, in combination with the first, were a kind of slide rule, which makes it very easy to select the golden proportions! At the same time, the missing fathoms were calculated and the sizes of the known ones were specified. The list of sazhens is given below. Many names could not be restored, many had several names, so new ones were invented or one of the old names was used.

There were also smaller measuring values: half a sazhen (1/2 sazhen), cubit (1/4 sazhen), span (1/8 sazhen), metacarpus (1/16 sazhen), vershok (1/32 sazhen). On the basis of sazhens and their shares, as well as successive multiplication by 2 of all sazhens, a matrix called "Russian Semer" was compiled:

1			2			3			4			5
Pilets	Egypt	men	Kazen	People	Small / G oro	Greek	churches	Simple	Great	Tsarsk	Kladoch	Big	F	Cher
												2067	1673	1353
									1952	1579	1277	1033	836,4	676,4
						1843	1491	1206	976,0	789,6	638,8	516,8	418,2	338,2
			1740	1408	1139	921,6	745,6	603,2	488,0	394,8	319,4	258,4	209,1	169,1
1644	1330	1076	870,4	704,0	569,6	460,8	372,8	301,6	244,0	197,4	159,7	129,2	104,6	84,55
822	665,2	538	435,2	352,0	284,8	230,4	186,4	150,8	122,0	98,7	79,85	64,6	52,28	42,28
411	332,6	269	217,6	176	142,4	115,2	93,2	75,4	61,0	49,35	39,93	32,3	26,14	21,14
205,5	16 6 ,3	134,5	108,8	88,0	71,2	57,6	46,6	37,7	30,5	24,68	19,96	16,15	13,07	10,57
102,8	83,1	67,2	54,4	44,0	35,6	28,8	23,3	18,85	15,25	12,34	9,98	8,07	6,53	5,28
51,4	41,6	33,6	27,2	22,0	17,8	14,4	11,65	9,43	7,62	6,17	4,99
25,7	20,8	16,8	13,6	11,0	8,9	7,2	5,82	4,71
12,84	10,39	8,4	6,8	5,5	4,45
6,42	5,20	4,2

The dimensions of all fathoms are given in cm, highlighted in bold. At the top of the table are the names of fathoms. It turned out that all the diagonals from left to right from bottom to top represent the Fibonacci series and the Golden Ratio at the same time. For example, let's take the diagonal of the People's fathom:

67,2+108,8=176,0; 176/108,8=1,618; 108,8/67,2=1,618.

In the rows, the coefficient is everywhere 2/Ф = 2/1.618 = 1.236.

If the fathoms are arranged in ascending order of length, then the neighboring ones will relate to each other with the same coefficient 1.059 ... - just like the frequencies of neighboring semitones in the musical series.

Idea! Since fathoms correlate with each other in the same way as the frequencies of notes, you can try to “lose” the design of the house, having previously coordinated the table of fathoms with the notes, and the dimensions of the house with the duration of the notes. Perhaps a house with harmonious dimensions will “sound” pleasantly. Musicians check it out!

The matrix can be continued indefinitely in all directions - left and right, up and down.

It is easy to see that a matrix containing the diagonal of the Greek series, the golden ratio, would look more logical (from our point of view):

…0,382; 0,618; 1; 1,618; 2,618; 11,090; 17,944; 29,034 …122,97; 198,96…

1724	1395	1128	913,0	738,6	697,6	483,4	391,2	316,4	256	207,1	167,6	135,6
862,0	697,5	564,3	456,5	369,3	298,8	241,7	195,6	158,2	128	103,5	83,77	67,78
431,0	348,7	282,1	228,3	184,7	149,4	120,9	98,78	79,11	64	51,77	41,89	33,89
215,5	174,4	141,0	114,1	92,34	74,7	60,43	48,89	39,55	32	25,89	20,94	16,94
107,7	87,19	70,54	57,06	46,17	37,35	30,22	24,44	19,78	16	12,94	10,47	8,472
53,88	43,59	35,27	28,53	23,08	18,67	15,11	12,22	9,888	8	6,472	5,236	4,236
26,94	21,80	17,63	14,27	11,54	9,337	7,554	6,111	4,944	4	3,236	2,618	2,118
13,47	10,90	8,817	7,133	5,771	4,669	3,777	3,056	2,472	2	1,618	1,309	1,059
6,736	5,449	4,408	3,567	2,885	2,334	1,888	1,528	1,236	1,00	0,8090	0,6545	0,5295
3,368	2,725	2,204	1,783	1,443	1,167	0,944	0,7639	0,6180	0,50	0,4045	0,3272	0,2647
1,684	1,362	1,102	0,891	0,721	0,584	0,472	0,3820	0,3090	0,25	0,2022	0,1636	0,1324
0,842	0,6811	0,551	0,446	0,361	0,292	0,236	0,1910	0,1545	0,125	0,1011	0,0818	0,0662
0,421	0,3406	0,275	0,223	0,180	0,146	0,118	0,0955	0,0772	0,0625	0,506	0,0409	0,0331
0,210	0,1703	0,138	0,111	0,090	0,073	0,059	0,0477	0,0386	0,0312	0,0253	0,0204	0,0165
0,105	0,0851	0,069	0,056	0,045	0,036	0,029	0,0239	0,0193	0,0156	0,0126	0,0102	0,0083
0,053	0,0426	0,034	0,028	0,022	0,018	0,015	0,0119	0,0096	0,0078	0,0063	0,0051	0,0041
0,026	0,0213	0,017	0,014	0,013	0,009	0,007	0,0060	0,0048	0,0039	0,0032	0,0026	0,0021
0,013	0,0106	0,008	0,007	0,006	0,005	0,004	0,0030	0,0024	0,0019	0,0016	0,0013	0,0010
0,007	0,0053	0,00	0,003	0,003	0,002	0,002	0,0015	0,0012	0,0010	0,008	0,006	0,0005

Then one of the vertical columns would look like this:

…0,25; 0,5; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16; 32; 64; 128; 256; 512; 1024…

And one could choose a very similar set of fathoms, in the same range. They are highlighted in bold.

The answer is that in Ancient Rus' they did not know such a matrix, and it was more logical for them to choose the correspondence of sazhens to the size of a person. If we accept the people's sazhen as equal to the height of the architect, then everyone could calculate the remaining sazhens in proportion to it. This was done by various very simple methods, without the use of numbers and calculations at all (geometrically). Several of these methods can be found in the sources (links at the end of the article). Well, numbers are closer to us, we will rely on them.

Apparently, over time, for convenience, they adopted a single sazhen system, focused on the growth of an average person - 176 cm, he was equated with a national sazhen. That's just how this "standard" was stored is still unknown. It is possible that it was one of the royal relics in the form of a rod or cane. In order not to mess things up, for the time being we will also rely on this “fat standard”.

The system of Russian sazhens is a legacy of an ancient civilization that developed according to the principles of interconnection of everything around. We, the descendants of a technocratic civilization who have lost touch with Nature, cannot understand the essence and meaning of the subtle processes taking place in the Universe, as well as the structure of it itself. We are used to dividing everything into components, disassembling it in order to understand the device. On the contrary, it is necessary to unite in order to understand the whole, to create harmony. The system of Russian sazhens allows you to calculate proportions that are harmonious for Nature and create harmony without delving into the process of proportioning according to the Golden Ratio. On this moment not all the principles of building by sazhens have been restored. But what is already there is quite enough for the construction of simple buildings.

So, general rules the use of Russian sazhens (mainly with regards to the construction of houses):

1. To divide a sazhen and the resulting shares to calculate smaller sizes is possible only by 2. When building houses, the minimum share is 1/32 - an inch. Further, the sazhen is not divided. A vershok can be divided by any number. If you make small objects in fathoms, you can divide by 2 to infinity.

2. Any object was designed using at least 3 different harmoniously connected fathoms: separately in height, width and length. Most often, their number was 5-7, that is, the internal dimensions were made according to other harmoniously connected fathoms.

3. All parameters of the objects were measured only by a whole, as it were quantized, number of measuring instruments - sazhens, cubits, vershoks, etc. For example, the length of the building was equal to 12 sazhens small by 142.4 cm, which is equal to 17.088 m in a meter measurement. the height is equal to two simple sazhens of 150.8 cm or 3.016 m. Thus, the parameters of objects, measured by an integer number of sazhens, always turn out to be fractional when measured with a standard meter. This feature is systematically recorded when measuring all ancient Egyptian structures with a meter. Therefore, it can be repeated that it is impossible to achieve an understanding of the structure of dilapidated pyramids without knowing the harmony of the measuring instruments that gave rise to them.

4. It is permissible to enter coefficients of 1.5; 2; 2.5 to the fathom value, and measure all axes respectively by one and a half, double, two and a half fathoms, but this method is not used in residential construction.

5. When constructing residential buildings along all axes, an even integer number of fathoms is taken from the outside, for sacred structures (temples, chapels, churches, tombs) an odd number, and preferably a multiple of 7 or 11.

6. Inside buildings, it is permissible to measure in fractional parts of fathoms, respectively, an even or odd number.

7. First, the height is selected, then the width harmonious to it, then the length harmonious to the height and width (more on the selection methods below).

8. All dimensions are measured by protruding parts: an extension, steps, a canopy, a drainage system, a cross on a temple, a weather vane on a roof, etc. - everything is taken into account. The height is determined by the highest point of the house, for example, a ridge, and if a rooster is built at the end of the ridge, then according to it. If a tower adjoins the house, the height of which exceeds the height of the house, then the height of Creation is determined by the highest point of the tower. Chimneys and ventilation pipes are not taken into account.

If the plinth is more than 20 cm, then the height is measured in 2 different fathoms: separately from the plinth and separately from the ground. If the house is on a slope, then on both sides the height is measured in different fathoms. If the height difference is less than 3%, ignore it. Internal height is measured from the finished floor to the ceiling. With an inclined ceiling - to the highest point.

It is also better to make the length of the roof slope according to the fathom. It does not affect changes in calculations. But when the roof overhang extends more than 1/3 of the height of the building, the width of the building must already be measured by the width of the overhangs, and the distance from the overhang to the ground (zero mark of the building, foundation or basement) must also be taken into account by the fathom.

9. Errors and size changes up to 1/32 (3%) in relation to this size - do not matter. For example, with a house length of 6 royal fathoms 6x197.4 cm = 1184.4 cm, protruding parts and errors within 37 cm can be ignored.

10. The internal heights of the floors and the attic are made different, but harmonious to each other, sazhens, may coincide with those used for external measurements. If there are 3 internal heights, for example, the 1st, 2nd floors and the attic, then the harmony check is carried out according to the wurf ratio: a-1st floor, b-2nd floor, c-3rd floor. W(a,b,c)=(a+b)(b+c)/b(a+b+c)=1.3-1.33 External dimensions are not checked by the wurf ratio.

11. In round buildings (six-eight-polyhedral) - the diameter (of the circle in which the polyhedron is inscribed) is measured with a sazhen. And height, of course.

12. If the roof overhangs are up to 30 cm, the size is taken according to the roof overhangs. If more than 30 cm, 2 different fathoms are used - one measures the walls, the second is the full width (length) along with the overhangs.

13. In general, in absolutely all options not mentioned above, everything must be measured in sazhens, a meter should be used only for the convenience of transferring sazhen sizes to reality. This applies to doors, windows, distances between windows, wall thicknesses.

14. Doors and windows along the top within the same room must be at the same level.

Now in detail about the calculation of sazhens harmonious to each other.

Here is the entire list of restored ancient Russian sazhens:

1st group:

1 Pilecki 205.5 cm

2 Egyptian 166.3 cm

3 Smallest 134.5 cm

2nd group:

4 Breech 217.6 cm

5 Folk 176.0 cm

6 Small 142.4 cm

3rd group:

7 Greek 230.4 cm

8 Church 186.4 cm

9 Simple 150.8 cm

4th group:

10 Great 244.0 cm

11 Royal 197.4 cm

12 Masonry 159.7 cm

5th group:

13 Large 258.4 cm

14 Pharaoh 209.1 cm

15 Chernyaeva 169.1 cm

Without a group:

16 Policeman 284.8 cm (equal to double the small 2x142.4 cm)

Basic rules for using sazhens:

1. City fathom as an independent one is not used in the construction of houses.

3. If you arrange the fathoms in increasing length, then they are grouped in 3 rows of 5 pcs:

small fathoms: smaller, small, simple, masonry, chernyaeva;

medium fathoms: Egyptian, folk, church, royal, pharaoh;

big fathoms: Pilecki, state-owned, Greek, great, big.

This is just first the first in each of the 5 groups, then the second and third. Fathoms in the same row are harmonious with each other, and you can use them without restrictions.

4. Recently, this rule was the first and main, and now it has become the last and optional, after new research by A.F. Chernyaev. However, when building houses, it is recommended to follow the rule. Use it at your discretion. So: fathoms that are in the same group (only 5 groups of 3 fathoms) are not recommended to be used together. That is, when determining the triple height-width-length, even 2 fathoms from one group are not desirable. Or, if any size is measured by more than one fathom at a time (for example, the height of a house on a slope), it is also necessary to take fathoms from different groups.

Using these rules, it is already possible to calculate harmonious combinations of proportions. But these combinations are often not enough, and here the Russian Semer comes to the rescue - the same restored commensurate instrument of the Novgorod architect.

The design and manufacturing technique of the Russian Semer.

The Russian semester is a wooden block with a section of 20x40 - 35x70mm and a length of a city sazhen - 2848mm.

The figure shows the seven in expanded form.

And this is the enlarged central part.

Side C is divided into 34 equal parts, side A into 48 parts, side B into 39 parts. On the fourth side, the lengths of all sazhens are plotted (in the figure, Chernyaev's sazhen from the small row is missing - 1691 mm). The lengths of sazhens are drawn through all sides of the seven measures.

Since we will still not use seven measures as a measuring tool, but only as a commensurate one - to search for a harmonious proportion, for convenience, we can reduce all dimensions by a factor of 2-4. I reduced it by 2. As a result, the length of the seven came out 1424mm, equal to a small sazhen. Next, find out the lengths of the cells of all sides. 1424/34=41.882mm - cell length on side C, 1424/39=36.513mm - B; 1424/48 = 29.667 mm - A. It is not advisable to set aside the length of the cell sequentially according to the template. An error will accumulate, which in the end can be a third of the cell. It will be much more accurate to add the size of the cell sequentially with all the signs on the calculator, and mark it on the Semere without taking away the tape measure. For example, for side C, this would be the number 41.882; 83.76; 125.6; 167.5; 209.4; 251.3…1382.1; 1424.0 mm.

Here is a photo of the Russian Semer that I took:

On the fourth side, we mark all 15 sazhens, taking into account the coefficient (if any). In my case, all sazhens must be divided by 2. Near the mark of each sazhen, we write its name and real length in meters, accurate to the 4th digit. We transfer marks of fathoms to all faces. Near the names of fathoms we also write the number of its group (1-5). And in any way we designate fathoms belonging to one row (3 rows in total). I connected them with arcs on sides B and C. On one side it gets confusing - the rows intersect. At the beginning of seven we will inscribe letter designations sides. Next, we cover the finished Semer with colorless varnish in 2 layers. For marking cells and inscriptions, it is better to use a simple pencil, it is the most light-resistant. The marks of fathoms can be colored with a dark pencil so that they differ. Markers with a marker, felt-tip pen, ballpoint pen disappear over time, especially in the sun.

Algorithms for selecting harmonious fathoms usingRussian Allmeasure.

It all starts with choosing the height of the house. For example, we have 2 storey building with an attic. The basement is 0.5 m, the floors are 3 m each (including ceilings), the attic is 2.5 m. The total is about 9 meters.

Approximately 9 meters we can get in several ways: 4 fathoms of Greek 2.304x4 = 9.216m; 4 fathoms of state-owned 2.176x4 \u003d 8.704m; 6 simple sazhens 1.508x6=9.048m; 6 fathoms small 1.424x6=8.544m; 6 fathoms of masonry 1.597x6 = 9.582m. There are many options. We will choose 6 simple sazhens (9.048m), which is closest to 9 meters. And since the height without a plinth must be measured with another fathom, we take a small fathom (8.544m). Small and simple fathoms in one row, harmoniously connected. The height of the base will be 9.048-8.544 = 0.504m. Until everything is on point.

Here are some algorithms:

1. We look in which cell on side C the original fathom is located. This is a cell with the number D. We look at what fathom is in the cell with the number D on side B. This will be the required fathom.

2. The original fathom on side C is in cell D. In cell D on side A is the required fathom.

3. The original fathom on side C is in cell D, and on side B in cell F. In the cell with the number F on side C, we are looking for the required fathom.

4. The original fathom on side C is in cell D. Cell D on side B corresponds to cell E on side A. In cell E on side C is the desired fathom.

5. The original fathom on side A in cell E. In cell E on side C, the required fathom.

The list of algorithms is not yet complete, I am searching for the missing ones. Therefore, for some sazhens it is impossible to choose harmonious ones. I will be grateful for the help if someone prompts other algorithms.

So, a simple sazhen is on side C exactly on the border of 18 and 19 cells. Therefore, we choose algorithm 3. On side B, a simple fathom falls into 21 cells. 21 cells on side C are Chernyaev's fathoms - 1.691m. We choose a width of 4 sazhens Chernyaev 4x1.691 = 6.764m.

We are looking for a sazhen of length. According to the algorithm, 3 sazhens of Chernyaev correspond to the royal sazhen of 1.974m. And according to algorithm 4, a state sazhen is obtained, but it is in the same group with a small sazhen, which measured the height without a base. This means that it is not advisable to use a state fathom. We leave the royal sazhen for length, take 6 sazhens. Total 6x1.974=11.844m - the length of our house.

To measure the outer dimensions, we selected 4 sazhens: small, simple, chernyaev, royal. All of them are from different groups, the main rule is observed.

Features of the proportioning of land plots.

Not so long ago, all over Russia, the land was measured not by a meter, but by sazhens. There was a square sazhen, something more than a square meter. There was a tenth equal to 109 acres, or 10,900 square meters. There is evidence that 2,400 square sazhens fit into a tithe.

Based on this information, we find out the size of a square sazhen.

10900: 2400 \u003d 4.542 - more precisely 4.548 sq.m.

It should be borne in mind that the length and width of the land plot is measured in different fathoms. Based on this, we determine which sazhens participated in the formation of a square sazhen. To do this, we divide a square sazhen sequentially into all sazhens, starting with large ones. So:

Table for determining the participation of fathoms in the formation of a square fathom

Size of a square sazhen	Name of fathoms	fathom size	Obtaining the size of the second fathom	Name of the received second fathom	fathom size
	policeman			masonry
				Folk
				Church
	Greek
	Treasury

As you can see, a square sazhen can be measured by five different pairs of sazhens. A simple sazhen participates alone in the formation of half a square sazhen.

Width Length

City Masonry

Bolshaya Narodnaya

Great Church

Greek Royal

State Pharaoh

The resulting size of a square sazhen and the tithe itself have a gold-cut, moreover, the most accurate holiness, “sacredness”, for those inhabitants of the Earth who process it. It should be expected that plots measured by a square sazhen will yield more than those measured by a meter, because they form the space of the volume of the crop. Examples of increased yields have already been noted in the settlements of the Kirov and Krasnoyarsk regions.

Who wants to understand the system of Russian sazhens himself, here are the sources and additional information:

The golden ratio in standardization and measurement theory - 1.3 Mb - a scientific approach with a bunch of formulas.