Regulatory norms and rules of development must be taken into account by every owner of a land plot planning to build an individual residential building. Current SNiPs are designed to make the operation of all buildings as safe and comfortable as possible.

On the arrangement of low-rise construction areas

The main standards applicable to areas designated for low-rise buildings are contained in SNiP 30-102-99. In addition to the residential cottage itself, above-ground outbuildings can be erected on such a site, underground communications can be laid, and perennial plantings can be planted. The location of such facilities is regulated by sanitary and fire safety standards.

Site planning is carried out based on:

Dimensions of objects;

Distances between objects and: large plants, plot boundaries, red line.

In addition, the relative location of objects on a given site, as well as the distance from analogues located in adjacent territories, are taken into account.

Mandatory sanitary standards

The residential building must be separated from other buildings on the site (minimum):

From the bathhouse/shower room - 5-8 m;

Outbuildings (sheds for “livestock”) - by 15 m;

Filter well - 8-10 m;

Separate latrines and waste collection areas - 15 m.

In turn, a distance of 20 m (or more) should separate the drinking well and the garbage disposal/outdoor toilet or livestock sheds (up to 50 square meters in area).

In construction, the term “red line” is used. This is a conventional line separating the building area from places common use(passages, roads, highways, etc.). The standards provide for a distance between an individual house and the main street - 6 m, the approach of the building to a residential driveway - 3 m. In turn, tall trees are usually located 4 m from the red line, while shrubs planted in a 5-meter zone from the edge roadways must be no higher than half a meter. In addition, large plants bordering the cottage must not interfere with the normal illumination of interior living spaces or the passage of firefighting vehicles.

The items listed below must be on this minimum distance from the border of the adjacent plot:

Residential building - 3 m;

Facilities for keeping poultry and livestock - 4 m;

Other buildings - 1 m;

Shrub - 1 m;

Medium-sized trees (measurements by trunks) - 2 m, tall trees - 3 m.

Mandatory standards fire safety

General requirements for individual housing construction and fire safety The minimum area of ​​the site, according to legislative standards, must be at least 0.06 hectares. According to tradition, the site should be surrounded by a fence; according to individual housing construction standards, the fence should not exceed half a meter in height, and it should be made of mesh. You can only build a higher fence in a place public passage, and even then with the permission of the relevant authorities. In the absence of a central sewerage system, the owner of the site is obliged, according to regulations, to build a latrine and equip a compost pit, or as a last resort, box. Fire safety requirements for individual housing construction When building a house or other buildings you need, you should pay attention to compliance with fire inspection rules. As such, there are no fire inspection rules regarding the distance between buildings, but there are required distances between buildings located in the vicinity, according to the flammability of the materials from which they are built. The flammability table for construction materials is as follows:

Stone structures - 6 meter distance;

Concrete buildings - distance 8 meters;

Reinforced concrete buildings - 10 meters.

If wooden floors are used on a summer cottage for the construction of a house or garage, then the specified distances increase by 2 m, according to the categories.

Individual housing construction requirements for sanitary standards

In addition to fire safety standards, there are also sanitary standards for individual housing construction. According to sanitary standards, the distance from your house to the border of your neighbors' property should be at least three meters; the distance from a barn or animal pen is at least four meters; the limit for the location of outbuildings to the border of a neighboring plot is one meter from tall trees - four meters from medium-sized ones. trees to the neighboring area, the distance should be two meters from bushes - one meter. At the same time, it is necessary to be able to measure distances correctly. The distance from the house is measured by the projection of its protruding parts or base. If, for some reason, outbuildings on your plot of land, are located at a distance of less than one meter from the neighbors’ plot, then the roof slope must be made in your direction. Individual housing construction norms regulate buildings not only in relation to the neighboring plot, but also within the boundaries of your plot. According to these standards, outbuildings for animals must be located at a distance of 12 m from the bath house - at a distance of 8 m. If outbuildings are in contact with residential premises on a summer cottage, then other standards must be observed - separate entrance into each room at a distance of seven meters from each other. Individual housing construction requirements for buildings There are individual housing construction standards that also apply to the construction of the house itself. The living space must be at least 2.2m in height, outbuildings 2m, and a cellar - 1.6m

Standards for installing utility lines Construction standards must be observed not only during the actual construction of the house, but also during the installation of utilities. These standards are contained in SNiP. Let's say that the water supply in a country house can be provided through a well, borehole or centralized water supply, but water supply in the house is only possible if there is a centralized sewerage system.

Water consumption standards

There are certain rules not only in relation to private households, but also to villages in general. The village must have an accessible source of drinking water, and an area equipped around it, in accordance with sanitary standards. According to legal standards, a person cannot use more than 50 liters of water per day if he consumes water from a well for public use. Also, the norms for water consumption in the village are prescribed. The consumption rate increases from 125 liters to 160 liters, in the presence of a central water supply and sewerage system. For watering plants in holiday village The daily norm is from 3 liters to 15 liters per square meter per day. The fire safety system directly depends on the water supply, so if there is no connection to a centralized water supply, where there should be connecting columns every 100 m, it is necessary to create a special reservoir.

Standards for treatment facilities

The construction and operation of treatment facilities also has its own rules and regulations. Connection to the central sewerage area is regulated by regulatory documents, and the construction and use of other structures and cesspools must be coordinated with the sanitary and epidemiological station and security authorities environment. According to the standards of these organizations, wastewater from showers and baths should be collected in a trench where there is a filter material such as sand and gravel at the bottom.

Standards for heating and hot water supply systems

The heating and hot water supply system for a holiday village can be provided by autonomous devices such as boilers, heaters and convectors. Standards for gas supply Gas supply in gardening partnership or on a summer cottage it can be centralized and autonomous. But in any case, certain requirements must be met. Gas cylinders for autonomous gas supply must be stored in a specially equipped room. It is forbidden to hold on garden plot cylinders with a capacity of more than 12 liters. For large volume cylinders there are special storage requirements.

Standards for electrical networks

Electrical networks should not be laid over areas. There can only be legal grounds for posting on an individual basis. For your own safety, lightning protection in your garden area will not be superfluous.

Standards for building a garage on the site

I think no one will argue that the garage is the most important building on the site after the house. For the construction of a garage, there are also individual housing construction standards. According to the law, special permits are not required to build a garage on your own site. But there are certain norms that must be followed. According to individual housing construction standards, a garage is an outbuilding. Therefore, the construction of a garage is permitted one meter from the fence on the garden plot. But at the same time, there must be at least 6 meters from your garage to the nearest neighboring building. If there are no nearby buildings on the neighbors’ property, then there are no obstacles to building a garage. Why exactly 6 meters - such a distance from the garage to the nearest buildings is due to fire safety measures. When one object catches fire, the fire can spread to another, and for a garage, this is even more important. Let's summarize - we measured 6 meters from the nearest neighbor's building and a meter from the fence, and we can begin building the garage.

On sanctions for violation of mandatory norms

Planning the site intended for construction individual house, is a creative and multifaceted process. However, in the heat of change, one should not forget about compliance with the above requirements, since violation of the norms mandatory for the construction industry will sooner or later be punished. A negligent developer can be called to account as a performer construction supervision government agency, and the person whose rights have been violated (for example, a neighbor in the area). The “guilty” landowner may be fined, as provided for in the Code of administrative offenses(In this case, the amount of penalties depends on the severity of the offense).

In addition, the structure may be recognized as being built without permission, and such objects are considered subject to demolition. It must be said that such dismantling is carried out either by the violator of the norms himself, or at his expense with the involvement of third-party specialists.

Important: it is impossible to register ownership of such a structure if its preservation leads to a violation of legal rights or a threat to the health/life of other citizens.

Rules for building a garage on the site.

The boundaries of outbuildings lie 1 m from the fence. Therefore, the distance from the garage to the fence will be within these boundaries.

According to clause 1. and paragraph 17 of Article 51 Civil Code Russian Federation, you do not need to obtain a permit to build a garage on your personal plot anywhere. No one can accuse a developer of unauthorized construction of a garage on a personal plot of land. The garage belongs to outbuildings and can stand 1 m from the fence. But this rule works if there are no buildings on the adjacent site. If there are buildings, then the rule of 6 m between neighboring buildings applies.

Let's consider a situation where there are no buildings on the neighboring site. The one who first received all the permits for construction occupies the best and most convenient places for construction. The developer who comes next must follow fire safety rules and count the meters.

Let's consider another option. you are the same developer who came when the neighbor began construction. IN in this case you need to enter into negotiations with your neighbor, stipulate all the rules of development, taking into account the distance from the fence, after the agreements reached, everything must be written down and signed by a notary in the form of an agreement. This should be done especially if you have deviations from current legislation. In case of building violations, the statute of limitations begins after 3 years.

There is a third option. The neighbor does not make concessions. Then they take a tape measure and measure six meters from the nearest neighbor’s building. SNiP regulate such a distance between buildings; this value is taken from the calculation of fire safety (if one of the objects catches fire, the fire will not spread to another building). Then distance from fence for a garage there can be a minimum of three meters, a maximum of 5 meters. At this place we begin the construction of the garage.

If the garage or at least one corner of it is located at a distance of less than 1 meter from the fence and less than 6 meters from a residential building on a neighbor’s property, then the building can simply be demolished by court decision. For this you will need statement of claim to court and payment of state fees.

Red lines indicate the boundaries of state territories, already existing or planned for construction, set aside for public use. These are the strategic boundaries of state-owned land on which power lines, communication lines, cable lines, pipelines, roads, roads, railways, and others are located.

When the question arises about building a garage on a personal plot, a person is guided by personal wishes. They look like this: installing the gate flush with the fence, saving space on the site, keeping snow removal to a minimum.

Red lines can become an obstacle to this. If they run along the external boundaries of the plots, then the building line will be shifted from them by 5 m deep into the plot. The construction of the garage will also go towards the building line.

These lines must be taken seriously, otherwise the garage may be demolished for violating them. The distance of all personal buildings to the red lines must be at least 5 m. With the approval of the board, a carport or garage may be adjacent to the fence on the side of the roadway.

Do I need a permit to build a garage?

In order to place a garage on an individual housing construction site, you do not need to obtain any permits. You can find out about this by looking through the Town Planning Code.

According to the document, permission is not needed if:

1. The garage will be located on land intended for agriculture.
2. Placing a box on a plot of land does not pursue the commercial interests of an individual.
3. Any auxiliary building is being erected on the site.

But even though a garage does not require a permit, you should still get one. This step can help out the owner in the event of a conflict with neighbors. The permit will also be useful if government services have questions.

It is worth noting that permission is required only for permanent buildings with a solid foundation.

How to post?

First of all, it is worth thinking about the size of the building. Previously, major garages were designed to fit the size of Soviet cars. However, they are not suitable for the modern automotive industry due to their small dimensions. To date optimal size for construction is 5x7x3 m (width, length and height, respectively).

More precisely, the dimensions of a garage for two or one car can be found

The exact dimensions of the building are not indicated in SNiP. However, according to the document, inside, when the car is parked, there must be at least 0.8 m of free space on the sides.

The garage is classified as an outbuilding, so its placement is regulated by the same standards prescribed in SNiP 2.07.01-89:

1. The distance to neighboring buildings must be at least 6 m.
2. The distance between concrete buildings should be 8 m, and between reinforced concrete ones at least 10 m.
3. The distance between the garage and the fence should be at least a meter. This period is necessary for timely repairs of the building.
4. The garage should be located no more than 3 meters from the border of the side road, and if the site is located near the central roadway, then the distance increases to 5 meters.

It is also worth remembering that open garage doors should not block the roadway or interfere with the passage of pedestrians.

Those owners of individual housing construction plots who have no buildings on neighboring plots have an advantage. This allows you to place the garage more freely, while complying with fewer regulations. And if construction begins, the neighbors will have to rely on the previously erected buildings of the owner of the site.

Fire safety

To ensure fire safety, there must be at least 3 m between the garage and a private house. And in the case of wooden floors, there must be at least 12 m between the garage and the house.

Moreover, if both the house and the garage are made of flammable materials, then the distance should increase to 15 m.

Besides location, there are other mandatory standards to ensure fire safety:

• installation of a fire shield and fire extinguisher in the immediate vicinity of the garage;
• lack of heating in the building;
• conducting wiring in full compliance with the requirements of PTEEP;
• conducting electrical wiring through the meter in the house in a protective metal casing;
• installation of lighting with factory shades;
• the presence of automatic fuses in case of overload or short circuit in the network.

If all fire safety standards are observed, the garage owner is allowed to reduce the distance to structures that contain flammable materials.

Is it possible to break the rules?

Sometimes situations arise in which the construction of a garage on a site for individual housing construction is impossible without violating certain standards.

In this case, the legislation allows the construction of houses deviating from generally accepted SNiPs. But at the same time, the owner must coordinate his further actions with his neighbors, since otherwise the latter may file a complaint with the administration.

Not all standards can be violated. Thus, changes may be of the following nature:

• reducing the distance between the neighbor's house and the garage;
• the possibility of combining several garages, as well as using the walls of the building as a fence.

It is important to remember that an agreement can only be made with specific people living in the neighborhood. Therefore, if new owners move into an adjacent plot, they will have to re-request written permission.

This is due to the fact that the new neighbors may not like the location of the building, and they can quite legally, through the court, demand the demolition of the structure.

Registration procedure

After the construction of a building, many people ask themselves whether it is necessary to register a garage on an individual housing construction plot. In order to understand this, it is enough to know that such structures are taxed on the same basis as residential buildings. In addition, the presence of an unregistered building can significantly complicate the sale of an individual housing plot.

Therefore, after building a garage, you must immediately prepare a package necessary documents and contact the nearest branch of Rosreestr.

For this purpose, the papers are transferred to the administration at the location of the site. There, within 10 days, they review the provided documentation and register the construction or refuse, citing violations that need to be corrected.

List of required documents

In order to obtain registration of a capital garage, the owner must prepare the following documents:

• certificate of ownership of the individual housing construction plot where the building will be located;
• general plan of the territory;
• a detailed plan with an exact indication of the dimensions of the garage and its location.

The possibility of failure can be significantly reduced if you place a garage at the design stage and draw up documents in accordance with certain requirements:

• the presence of an accurate indication of the dimensions of buildings;
• compliance with urban planning standards;
• maximum correspondence between specified and actual data.

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When planning to build a house on an acquired plot of land, you need to find out the norms for the development of a plot of individual housing construction. At the same time, it is worth understanding what is the standard height for the garage of private houses, the distance between the construction of a private house from neighbors and other standards for the placement of structures.

Legislative acts

Finding out building regulations land plots for individual use, worth exploring legislative framework. Local authorities regulate the rules for placing a house on a SNiP site and establish requirements for the development of a land plot of individual housing construction. They determine construction standards in a particular region. Therefore, when looking through house designs and options for their placement, it is better to navigate to typical for the region options.

The rules for the construction of a private house are established by SNiPs and GOSTs for construction. When creating a project, when building a house, you must be guided by SNiP 02/31/2001. For the construction of cottages in the country, it is worth following SNiP 02/30/97.

Individual housing construction must be carried out taking into account the provisions prescribed in the Town Planning Code. It is necessary to comply with established urban planning standards and requirements in terms of preserving the intended purpose of the land, norms for the development of populated areas, and compliance with the architectural plan of the city.

When obtaining permission for individual housing construction, you should focus on SNiP 11-3-99.

Established standards

Having become the owner of land intended for individual housing construction, you need to find out the construction standards and understand how the procedure for planning and developing a private plot of individual housing construction takes place. It is necessary to find out what SNiP 2016 says about construction. After all, construction standards for developers are the main document.

When choosing sites for building a house, you should focus not only on the availability of communications. We must remember the established standards for building a house on an individual housing construction site. Look carefully to see if it is suitable for the construction of individual residential buildings.

The procedure for building a house on a plot of land is regulated by SNiP for construction. The standards for building a house on an individual housing construction site are based on the fact that at least 0.06 hectares are allocated for development. Focusing on the standards, they plan what the features of the construction of a residential building will be.

When planning and constructing individual residential buildings, you should remember what SNiPs say about safety. They describe all the site development standards and indicate the distance between buildings on neighboring plots of land.

The layout of the site is brought into compliance with SP 11-106-97. These are construction standards that regulate the process of creating a project for the construction of a private residential building, its coordination and approval. Regulatory document, which describes the placement of buildings on dacha plots, is SNiP 30-02-97.

Construction standards on a private housing construction plot tell what it should be like:

• location of the house on the site
• distance between residential buildings
• distance of the house from the fence (distance to the neighboring plot from individual residential buildings being built)
• built-up area
• distances between buildings

The distance from the house to the border of the site is regulated by sanitary standards for the development of the site. But the rules for the location of the house, requirements for construction and the location of residential buildings in neighboring areas are regulated by fire regulations. Building codes and regulations tell about the distances between buildings and buildings on neighboring plots of land.

Fire regulations for the location of the house allow for two-row construction. In this case, 2 outbuildings or residential buildings on the site are located close to each other. The main thing is to maintain distances from the boundaries of the conventional red line when erecting structures.

Sanitary standards

Before erecting a building, you need to understand how the site is planned and what the red building line is. This is the border separating private land from the roadway. Red lines for roads are 5 meters, for streets with little traffic and dead-end yards - 3 meters.

When figuring out how to properly place buildings, keep in mind that the red lines determine the distance between municipal property and a residential building. It is recommended to build all utility structures further from the street. Fire regulations must be taken into account when building a house.

Sanitary standards for private construction regulate the development plan and the rules for placing buildings on a land plot. Placement order and distance standards between the house and the neighbors’ fence:

• residential premises should be erected at a distance of 3 m;
• buildings for livestock and poultry are erected at a distance of more than 4 m from the boundary;
• for the construction of outbuildings, 1 m should be retreated from the fence;
• the distance from the toilet to the neighbor's border is 8 meters, the same norm for a compost pit.

The height of the fence between neighbors is adjustable. The requirements for fences between areas are as follows. It is allowed to build a fence 75 cm high from the ground from opaque materials; higher fencing is made from transparent materials. But fences and enclosures can be made blank at any height by agreement between neighbors. It is advisable to record the agreement on paper.

On the street side, homeowners have the right to install fences of any height. Only low plants are allowed to be planted in a private house near the fence.

Safety standards

When constructing buildings, it is necessary to take into account fire safety standards in construction. Based on them, the site is planned, markings are made for pouring the foundation, and the location of objects on the site is determined. Afterwards, the workers begin the construction of buildings on the individual housing construction site. Please note:

• between residential buildings classified as resistance levels 1 and 2 there must be more than 6 meters (walls made of bricks, foam blocks, sandstone, concrete), this is the distance to the neighboring buildings
• for one of the residential buildings of level 3 fire resistance, the distance increases to 8 meters
• when constructing a wooden residential building on the ground, the distance from other structures in neighboring areas reaches 15 meters

The last norm must be remembered when building a bathhouse. If the size of the land does not allow such large deviations from the boundaries of the site, then think about how the layout of the site and the placement of buildings on the land plot can be changed, and the building area can be recalculated. It is allowed to make an indentation deep into the land plot for the construction of structures or to bring the building closer to the fence during construction so that it is not on the same line with neighboring residential buildings.

If the structures have wooden floors, then the distance between the buildings should be doubled.

Fire regulations must be strictly observed when building a house. This will protect buildings from fire and make it easier for firefighters to access in case of an emergency.

Established standards for building a house regulate the number of floors. Without prior approval from the architectural control authorities, it is allowed to build no more than 3, including the ground floor and attic. This will be a low-rise building.

Fire safety standards for the construction of an individual residential building do not regulate the distance between buildings on the same site. They regulate the distance between private houses and the erected outbuildings of private houses.

Private individual housing construction

SNiPs regulate the rules for the construction of a residential building. If the land is intended for individual residential construction, then the construction of a commercial building is prohibited.

Must be observed established distance between houses during the construction of a private house. The neighbors' individual housing construction site must be more than 3 m away. The distance to the fence from the extension can be reduced to 1.5 m. The distance of the house from the forest boundaries is also regulated. Make sure that the trees are more than 15 m from the residential structure.

The 2016 standards regulate the rules for building a garage in the private sector. The distance from the garage to the fence is 1 m, the distance from the residential building to the garage is 2 m. But the option of placing it in the basement is acceptable if additional ventilation is provided.

SNiPs regulate the building area. The following minimum municipal requirements are established for individual housing construction:

• living room area - 12, bedroom - 8 m2;
• for other premises the following construction area is determined: kitchen - 6, bath - 1.8, toilet - 0.96, hallway - 1.8 m2.
• width of stairs, corridors - 0.9 m2;
• ceiling height in a residential building - 2.5, ground floor, basement - 2 m.

Construction standards regulate the process of connecting to communications. Residential buildings are recognized as fit for residence if they are attached to engineering communications. They can be centralized or autonomous.

Electricity supply to the private sector is carried out mainly by overhead power lines. The sewage system of a house on a plot along the street is laid at a depth of at least 0.3 m; it is necessary to make a slope towards the collector. A private residential building is provided with water by connecting to central pipes. Private houses in the city can use artesian wells, wells or water brought in barrels.

Standards for baths

When planning the location of the bathhouse on the site, look at the designs of houses with the indicated buildings. It is recommended to locate the bathhouse so that the entrance and the building are visible from the living space. This will allow you to control the kindling process and notice the danger in time without leaving the residential building.

It is advisable to place the bathhouse on the site as follows:

• smoky bath - more than 12 m from other buildings on the individual housing construction site (not recommended in densely populated areas due to increased fire hazard);
• the distance of any residential premises or country house from a regular sauna is more than 6 m;
• distance from outbuildings - 1-4 m.

It is better to coordinate the distance from the house to the bathhouse with sanitary standards. If the bathhouse is wooden, then you should retreat 15 m. SNiP regulates the distance from the bathhouse to the neighbor’s fence.

Construction of garages

Regulations regulate the rules for constructing a garage in the private sector. There are several options for how to build a garage on a site. The location of the garage on the site may be as follows:

• near a road with access from the street;
• under a residential building;
• separate room.

The following land development regulations apply to the construction of a garage on land. The height of the garage is planned so as not to block the neighbors natural light. It is prohibited to use a garage to block the free access to houses or the entrance to a plot of land. The distance from the garage to the neighbors’ fence is 1 m. This means that to build a garage, you should retreat 1 m from the fence, the distance from the residential building is 2 m.

Installation of fences

SNiP for the construction of a private house for individual housing construction describes not only the features of developing a site for individual housing construction, but also regulates exactly what distance must be made between the fence and other structures. Prescribes how to install fences SNiP 30-02-97. This document regulates country house construction, but local authorities use it when developing standards for the construction of private residential buildings.

The distance from the fence to the bathhouse is also specified in SNiP. It is necessary to be based on the norms for the location of a residential building and utility structures. This means that the layout of the site is carried out as follows: it is enough to retreat 1 m from the neighbors’ fence. This distance between the fence and outbuildings is determined for cases where the boundaries are separated by mesh or lattice fencing.

In villages, the established distance from the house to the fence is often not taken into account. Many buildings are placed along fences installed between neighboring plots. To build a garage, no one often deviates from the fence, although it is necessary that at least 1 m remain from the boundaries of the neighbors’ property.

When planning the fencing of a land plot, it is necessary to take into account the construction standards on the individual housing construction site. Using a metal mesh to fence an earthen plot for development, the pillars are installed at a distance of 2-3 m. If the owner of the land bought other materials for fencing, then you should be guided by the rules for their installation.

SNiP for construction prescribes how fences should be installed between summer cottages. In other cases, it is necessary to focus on local standards for developing a site for individual housing construction. By agreement with the neighbors, the height and material of the fences can be changed, but the layout of the site must be carried out taking into account what the standards for the location of buildings on the land indicate.

Legislative changes

In 2015, the land law came into force. Thanks to this, Russians have the opportunity to purchase land for individual housing construction without bidding. What is needed to obtain land can be found out in local governments.

Beneficiaries have the right to become owners of the site before the auction if they take it for individual housing construction. In some areas, land for individual housing construction is provided free of charge. This is how specialists are attracted to sparsely populated areas.

Also, the land law provided the opportunity to build country cottages on the free lands of gardening partnerships.

New laws made it possible to annex empty lands to their plots by paying for them amounts not exceeding the cadastral valuation. The construction conditions on them do not differ from the generally accepted ones.

If the land was leased for the purpose of constructing multi-apartment residential buildings, but nothing was built in 5 years, then the lease can be extended for 3 years if there are good reasons. In other cases, the lease agreement is terminated and the unfinished property is sold to bona fide developers who will provide share investors with apartment buildings.

Getting permission

When planning to start building a house on your own land, you need to figure out how to properly place the buildings. The following is taken into account:

• percentage of land plot development;
• built-up area;
• distance to the neighboring area of ​​outbuildings on the site;
• individual characteristics location of the house on the site;
• location of the garage in a private yard;
• distance from the house to the border of the site.

You can understand how to calculate the layout if you look standard projects houses made according to SNiP. On the plans land plots You can see how the house is placed on the territory of the individual housing construction site. Design standards will help you figure out what kind of building a family needs.

Where to begin? First of all, you need to get a permit to build houses. After this, you can begin building the house. The building area, number of floors of the building, and location on the site must be agreed upon.

This may interest you:

It's no secret that many people dream of living in their own home. The country's legislation provides the opportunity for everyone to have plots for the construction of private households.

However, when constructing buildings by citizens, a number of requirements must be observed. We will describe below what standards for developing a site for individual housing construction exist today.

What are the rules for developing land according to the laws?

Current legislation (civil and land) provides for the opportunity for citizens to own.

They are allocated for various purposes, including the construction of private houses. However, building on your own land is possible only in compliance with all prescribed rules.

Article 40 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation states the need to erect any buildings, taking into account the purpose and purposes of use of the provided site, urban planning, fire safety, environmental and other established standards and rules.

Regulation of many issues related to the construction of private buildings is carried out by the norms of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). Specific requirements for the organization of the territory itself.

What to consider when choosing a site?

How to choose a plot for individual housing construction?

Plots for individual construction are provided by law on the lands of settlements. Therefore, such places usually have developed infrastructure.

However, not all plots are provided with communications. At the same time, their installation is quite a costly undertaking.

If it is planned to build a house on the site year-round residence, then you should pay attention to the following:

• availability of communications;
• availability of infrastructure;
• availability of good roads and access to the site.

It should be borne in mind that land for such purposes as individual housing construction is expensive. Therefore, it is better to build summer houses and housing without the purpose of permanent residence on dacha (garden) lands.

About permission for individual housing construction

How to obtain permission for individual housing construction

The process of constructing a private house is strictly regulated. You can begin its construction if you have a special document - a permit.

It is issued local administrations(other authorized bodies). You can apply for it not only to the relevant authority, but also through the MFC.

A number of documents must be attached to the application:

• confirming rights to this site;
• site plan (urban planning);
• diagram of the planned organization of its territory.

This paper certifies the compliance of the owner(s) project documentation established by GRK and others regulations requirements.

If the submitted documentation meets these requirements, then the construction of your own house on the site will be permitted. Issuance of permits is free of charge. After issuance, the document is considered valid for another ten years.

Organization of territory for construction

Preparatory stage of construction

The legislation imposes requirements not only on the construction projects themselves, but also on their location on the site.

It is impossible to obtain a document permitting construction without providing a plan for the placement of all objects.

When planning a development, you need to take into account the size of the site itself, the number and size of objects, and the distances between them. In addition, it is important to follow all the rules regarding setbacks from plot boundaries and from buildings on other plots.

The next step is to register your new home as your own. You can register the rights to the constructed object at the branches of Rosreestr.

What if building codes are violated?

Responsibility for violation of norms for individual housing construction

All requirements stipulated for individual housing construction must be strictly observed. Violation of them can create a dangerous situation, both for the owners of the site and for their neighbors.

Therefore, strict monitoring is carried out over the implementation of these rules, and liability is established for violations. Any interested parties can report existing violations.

Certain shortcomings may result in fines. However, in case of serious violations, the question of demolition of the erected objects may arise.

conclusions

If you intend to obtain a plot for individual housing construction, it is worth studying in advance all the nuances of constructing private houses. This process is strictly regulated; violators face liability for failure to comply with the prescribed rules. It’s better to do everything according to the rules right away than to face serious problems later.

You can learn about setbacks from boundaries when carrying out individual housing construction by watching the video:

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13 Aug 2017 115

Individual housing construction plots belong to the lands of cities, settlements and other populated areas. On such land it is permissible to build small, low-rise buildings.

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It is possible to construct outbuildings and outbuildings: bathhouses, greenhouses, premises for keeping livestock and poultry.

must meet the needs of the future home owner and be located near:

• convenient roads;
• engineering communications;
• objects of urban and rural infrastructure.

SNiP for the construction of a private house, individual housing construction, regulate the procedure for building a small or apartment building.

The documents contain rules for the location of the house from the boundaries of the neighboring plot, the red line.

Fire safety rules are established separately, which can be specified in local acts.

Norms

The rules are mandatory. If they are ignored (in particular, failure to obtain a building permit), the house is considered an unauthorized construction and can be demolished by court decision.

Neglect of the norms leads to the fact that the house will have to be legalized with the permission of the court.

Legislation

The design and construction of houses must comply with SNiP standards 02/31/2001.

The construction of country cottages must also fall within the framework of the legal and technical criteria defined in SNiP 02/30/97.

IN mandatory the provisions of the Land and Town Planning Code must be taken into account - in terms of land development in settlements, intended use plots, compliance of the project with the architectural scheme of the city.

To obtain a permit, you must follow SP 11-3-99.

Getting permission

You must contact the architectural department of the city or BTI in the municipal area. You need to write an application, attaching a resolution of the head of the locality on the provision of a land plot for rent.

If the land is owned, then you need to provide:

• title documents;
• certificate of in situ determination of the boundaries of the site and the breakdown of buildings, red lines and basic axes of the construction site.

The application must be accompanied by:

• plot for individual housing construction;
• title documents for land;
• house project drawn up by BTI specialists.

The permit is valid for 10 years from the date of issue.

Preliminary receipt of the project requires drawing up estimate documentation, which covers the cost of building a house.

SNiP for the construction of a private house individual housing construction

If land is allocated for individual housing construction, then only a residential building can be built on it, and not a commercial building or structure.

For single-apartment private houses, the provisions of SNiP dated 08/04/1991 are also relevant.

Construction materials must be fire-resistant, not cause fires, etc. adverse consequences– for example, the formation of mold on the walls and dampness.

Rules

You should make sure that the documents for the land plot and future construction are accurate. It is necessary to mark the boundaries of the site from the land of neighbors and the lands of settlements.

In addition to the house and outbuildings, it is allowed to locate compost sites, latrines, cesspools, and antiseptic closets on the adjacent plot. You can opt for dry toilets and local cleaning systems.

To place outbuildings it is necessary right choice landmarks These could be buildings on neighbors' properties, fences or other limited objects.

Location of buildings

The cottage should be located no closer than 5 m from the road and 3 m from dead-end yards or streets with little traffic.

In urban planning, the red line refers to the boundary that separates the roadway of the street from the individual housing construction site.

It is advisable to locate outbuildings in the depths of the site, away from the street. The distance from the fence to the wall of a residential property should be 1-1.5 m.

Distance between buildings

It should not be less than 4 m. This distance is general.

SNiP provides specific details depending on the materials of construction:

• for stone buildings, such a gap should be 6 m;
• for concrete and reinforced concrete – 8 – 10 m.

The distances should be doubled if wooden floors are installed in the house.

The distance from the house and outbuildings to the neighbor’s property must be measured separately. For example, if a garage or other object is attached to the house, then the distance to the neighboring plot should not be less than 3 m, from the attached building - 1.5 m. The distance of the house from the forest should not be less than 15 m.

The minimum distance from a residential property to a barn and other outbuildings should be 4 m, to a neighboring house it should be 12 m. The distance from a neighbor’s house to the homeowner’s bathhouse is 8 m.

Garage

Construction standards on a private housing plot in 2020 also apply to the construction of a garage:

• the distance to the fence on the site must be at least 1 m, to the neighboring land - 6 m;
• the material of construction is taken into account;
• It is possible to install a parking space in the basement of the house, but for this you need to provide an additional ventilation outlet.

Height of fences and barriers

They must be equipped before the construction of the house begins. The total height is 2.5m.

It may be higher if the house under construction is located near the roadway. The fencing material is mesh or metal sheets.

Minimum requirements for individual housing construction

There are minimum indicators for the square footage of residential premises:

• the area of ​​the living room (common room) should not be less than 12 sq.m., bedrooms - 8 m2;
• the size of the kitchen should be at least 6 m;
• the bathroom must be at least 1.8 sq.m., the toilet - 0.96 sq.m.

Rooms in the attic floors may be smaller in size. For example, the bedroom area is at least 7 m2.

Minimum standards are also provided for passages with lifts in future cottages:

• the width of the stairs on the upper floors and the corridor must be at least 0.9 m;
• hallway area – 1.8 sq. m;
• ceiling height in private houses – from 2.5 m.

It is prohibited to locate living rooms in basements and on ground floors. The height of such a floor or basement must be at least 2 m if it is intended to be used for economic purposes.

Engineering Communication

The house is suitable for habitation and must be connected to centralized or autonomous communications.

It is advisable to install them with the help of qualified technicians.

Sewerage

Requirements have been established for the diameter of the external sewer pipe (at least 150 mm) at 8%. slope towards the central collector. The minimum pipe laying depth is 0.3 m.

The construction of cesspools with trenches and filter wells is permitted. The base of the filter should be located at a height of 1 m from the groundwater level.

Heating and ventilation

The heat flow power must be at least 10 W per 1 sq.m. floor. For heating, it is advisable to use convectors and radiators located under window openings. The area of ​​the boiler room should be 5 sq.m. (min) depending on the size of the heating boiler.

Duct ventilation is required if there is no natural air flow in the bathroom or toilet.

Residential premises must have opening windows for insolation and ventilation.

Gas supply

Gas pipes are allowed to be laid only from the side of the heating boiler or kitchen. If the room is provided with gas-stove heating, then the supply of communications through the living space is allowed, but with the condition that a switching device will be located outside the room.

Installing a gas pipeline through the foundation is prohibited, as is installing a gas water heater in the bathroom.

All connections must be assembled by welding; threaded taps are acceptable when installing shut-off valves and metering devices.

The room must have at least 2 gas-fired heating appliances.

If gas is supplied through cylinders, their volume should be no more than 12 liters. Large cylinders are allowed, but they must be kept in special metal boxes and outside residential premises.

Electricity supply

During the construction of private houses, overhead power lines are mainly used:

• pillars should not block the entrances to the house;
• the height of the wires from the pole on the street to the house is 2.75 m (min);
• for streets with active vehicular and pedestrian traffic – 6 m.

The length of the stretch from the main line to the house should not exceed 25 m, otherwise additional support will be required. The distance between the phase and neutral wires will be 0.2 m.

The wiring in the house is mounted in walls with fireproof coating. Installation of electricity consumption metering devices is required.

Water supply

This is possible by supplying plastic or metal water pipes of various diameters (depending on pressure). Hot water can be provided by installing a boiler.

It is common to use artesian wells, wells, or transporting water in barrels and draining it into specially equipped reservoirs.

Fire safety

These requirements are complex. Thus, the fire resistance of a building is affected by the material of the building. The distance between wooden buildings should not be less than 15 m.

It is advisable to strengthen the walls of the house with fireproof material (thermal insulation, vermiculite).