Have you ever wanted to draw a design for your house? Creating a room design is not difficult, but you need to know certain rules and steps to correctly implement the intended design.

Before you start drawing, determine the number of floors and rooms and their location in the house. An initially well-thought-out solution will save you from unnecessary work, and the house plan will turn out right the first time. Be sure to remember the scale. You need to draw a house project only in accordance with natural dimensions.

For work we will need:

• sheet of paper (format depends on the scale of the project). For convenience, you can find graph paper; it is sold in office supplies.
• a simple pencil;
• colored pencils or markers;
• a ballpoint pen or black liner, preferably with a thin refill;
• ruler;
• eraser;
• pattern (for drawing furniture or plumbing fixtures).

When all the tools, including the desire to draw, are already available, you can start working.

If you couldn’t find graph paper, take a regular sheet of paper and draw it with thin lines using a ruler.

Step 1

You need to start from the perimeter of the house. Initially, the lines drawn with a pencil should be light and thin, so that accidental mistakes can be easily corrected. Later you can trace or paint over all the details of the drawing. So, we painted the outer walls of the house. To indicate external walls, it is customary to draw them with two parallel lines. The distance between the lines can be any; two divisions of graph paper are quite enough. External walls are thicker than internal ones and should immediately catch the eye. The load-bearing wall can be shaded.

If the house has several floors, draw them by copying the first one onto subsequent sheets. There are several options: you can attach a sheet of paper to the already created ground floor plan and copy the location of the walls, or draw new plan by hand, taking into account scale and size.

Step 2

When the perimeter of the house is ready, you can start drawing the interior walls. They are indicated by a double line, like external ones, but the line should be much thinner. In order to draw a house plan correctly, you need to be attentive to details. Don’t forget to mark dressing rooms, utility rooms or other small rooms in the house on the plan. Think about where household appliances will be located (washing and drying machines, boiler, water filters, etc.).

Step 3

We draw windows and doors. Please be aware that windows and doors may be different sizes. Think about which side of the window to make larger and wider, and in which room a small window will be enough. Further, entrance doors are always larger and thicker than interior doors. Such minor details must be marked on the house plan, otherwise it will be difficult for other people to navigate it.

It is very easy to display windows - you just need to erase part of the wall with an eraser. The erased sections of the wall must be covered with a perpendicular line. The window, like the walls, must have its own thickness; you can draw it using another line. Please note that the number of windows depends on your desire, but each room must have windows (except for utility rooms, where they are not required). You can also schematically show what an open window will look like. For this purpose, use strokes rather than a solid line.

Doors are drawn like windows; carefully consider the moment of opening the doors. It depends on the layout of the rooms and the house.

Step 4

When the foundation of the house is ready. You can arrange plumbing items, cabinets, kitchen and other household appliances. Using patterns that can be downloaded on the Internet and printed on a printer. With their help, you can easily design and draw washbasins, toilets, showers or bathtubs, wardrobes, stoves, ovens, refrigerators, etc. If you couldn’t find a pattern, just draw all the elements schematically, taking into account the dimensions, and be sure to sign them. Also, after consulting with an electrician in advance, determine the number and location of outlets on the plan.

Step 5

It's time to place the furniture. This step will bring you much closer to the final goal, and you will be able to appreciate the appearance of the rooms. By drawing sofas, cabinets, beds, TVs, tables, chairs and even flower pots, you will clearly see what the rooms will look like. But, without a pattern, this step will be very difficult to cope with. Choose appropriate templates, print them and place them around your home. Although, you can cope without them. Draw squares using a ruler or graph paper lines, just remember to take into account the actual size and scale.

Step 6

The house is ready. Now you need to draw a design for the courtyard. There you can place a garage or a special place for parking cars, a gazebo, a porch and paths. If necessary, place a place for a flower bed or garden. Unlike the walls of the house, the garage and porch need to be drawn with a single line.

Step 7

The final step is the signature of all design elements and the multi-colored designation of all elements of the house. Lettering is best done with a thin black pen. Write in block letters and make the inscriptions not large, but clear. Feel free to use abbreviations.

To complete the picture, you should draw all the lines with a pen or black felt-tip pen and paint over them with different colors. For example, wooden parts, doors and porch can be painted in brown, yard and garden - green, windows - blue, walls, paths - gray.

Your project is ready.

In this article we will introduce you to several software options for designing a private house. These designers will allow you to create a graphic sketch of a living space yourself, gradually improving the surrounding area with landscape design elements, “attaching” a bathhouse, garage, gazebo and modeling an interior that fully meets your needs. For those who want to do everything with their own hands to the maximum: both build and design.

Free software for designing a private house will help you become an architect of your own home, with which you can create projects both for each room separately and for the entire site. Let's try to start our virtual construction.

Programs for designing houses

There is no need to tell FORUMHOUSE users how important the working design (with the corresponding drawings and calculations) is when building a private house. Its importance is clear to everyone. But not everyone understands what needs to be done for construction architectural design project Houses.

Mastering 3d, creating in online constructor You decide to build a virtual 3D model of your future individual housing with your own hands from start to finish. Moreover, you work out all stages of construction not in reality, but in a computer program, taking into account all the dimensions of the construction project with an accuracy of up to a millimeter. Programs for building houses allow you to identify all the inconsistencies at the design stage. You will be able to design a project and understand in time that somewhere it is necessary to increase the flight of stairs by 100 mm or simply move the window opening slightly to the side in the next room. In practice, everything will be created somewhat differently than was originally intended. But modern software, capable of taking into account the thickness of each plank, will model the object in advance in such a way that after construction you do not have to correct errors by redoing part of the work done.

Today we will present to your attention a description of several free programs for modeling houses, which allow you to create ready-made 3D models of houses and plots and conduct quantitative calculations building materials and even draw up construction estimates.

To begin with, let us give you a few tips that will help you when choosing free software:

1. The lack of a Russian version of the selected software makes it very difficult to study its functionality and further work with the program. Therefore, if you are not familiar with foreign terminology, then be sure to choose a program in Russian;
2. Before downloading a program, check out its level of complexity and how easy its interface is to use. Try to use reviews from people who have experience with the selected software;
3. Immediately determine your needs and the need for obtaining 3D images. If you want to see everything in volume, then choose software with the appropriate functionality.

Having detailed, simple instructions and videos for working with the selected software will significantly save time on learning it. Ideally, reference materials should be provided with the downloadable version of the software.

ArchiCAD is a professional software package for creating virtual models

We will begin our story with a description of the shareware Russified program for creating 3D models ArchiCAD, which has managed to win several awards in the category “Best BIM software for construction.” Precisely from it, because it is very difficult to find a program for the virtual construction of houses with such perfect functionality, which allows you not only to design and construct, but also to count building materials, making simple estimates online.

The concept of “shareware” does not bode well for the user. But in the case of ArchiCAD, this definition does not look so hopeless. After all, anyone can install a fully functional version of this software on their computer and a program for building a house with extensive opportunities will be available for free use for 30 days. Students and teachers of specialized project projects educational institutions can get free license for a period of one year, and during this time you can design an entire city.

Pan9877 User FORUMHOUSE

I downloaded Archicad, registered on the manufacturer’s website and received a 30-day code for the pro version. By registering, you can receive available video lessons for free. Every day they send you a link to the next online video lesson step by step.

There is one more limitation imposed on the house building trial program, but for the demo version it is not significant: you can save and open saved files only on the same computer. After purchasing a license, this restriction can be removed from saved projects (although, in a month you can “squeeze” everything you need out of the program).

Considering that ArchiCAD is a professional program, its functionality is appropriate:

• Possibility of creating architectural and construction solutions in the field of landscape design, as well as in the fields of house construction and do-it-yourself interior design of a house or apartment;
• Availability of built-in 3D design technology;
• Creation of 2D drawings and 3D models;
• The ability to determine the volume of building structures and calculate the consumption of materials for compiling construction estimates;
• Creation of animations and videos that allow you to evaluate what the design of a house and its details look like from different points of view;
• In addition, the program allows you not only to design and “build”, but also to take virtual tours of the living quarters of your future home.

Nergedo User FORUMHOUSE

Archikad is a fairly powerful program for creating houses, focused primarily on creating an interactive architectural model. There are tools for compiling catalogs and tables that take into account the number, volume or any other specified parameter of elements. A technology has been implemented that makes it possible to design the reconstruction of a building. You can make calculations of heating engineering and insolation (though not in accordance with our standards). Calculation of structures is impossible, as is drawing up full estimates with costs and volumes of work.

Working with this online constructor, the designer creates a perfect 3D model of the building. He has the ability to “build” a house on a computer screen, starting from the foundation and ending with the roof and elements of the surrounding landscape. For the virtual construction of a building, tools are used that are an exact embodiment of real objects: walls, windows, external lighting devices, building floors, stairs, etc. Using this program, it is impossible to calculate the load on elements of building structures. But programs that would combine such extensive functionality, in fact, do not exist.

Leo060147 User FORUMHOUSE

The desire to find a program that will do everything for you: come up with a design and calculate all the structures, draw and make an estimate - this is still an unfulfilled desire.

We will return to the issue of software for calculating loads later.

Google SketchUp is a free program for developing 3D models

Google SketchUp is a professional software designed for modeling, creating three-dimensional models of construction projects, furniture and interiors.

Its main advantage over ArchiCAD is the availability of a completely free version, adapted to the needs of beginning designers, architects and planners. This application has a built-in localization language, so Russian-speaking users can quickly understand the features of its interface. Convenient application. It simplifies the design and construction of a house.

Clearance User FORUMHOUSE

SketchUp is a simple, intuitive and convenient program that even a beginner can master in a short time.

Program features:

• Creation and editing of 3D projects (we are talking about projects of houses, interiors, the surrounding landscape and all kinds of architectural objects, designing a bathhouse or designing a garage). The program is intuitive, designing for beginners is allowed.
• Availability in the constructor simple tools, which may be familiar to users from the interface of the simplest graphic editors: “pencil”, “eraser”, etc.
• Ability to convert graphic files and created 3D houses into most common graphic formats: PNG, JPG, etc.
• Abundance of detailed reference information and training manuals for working with the program.
• In addition, the program is capable of generating statistics on the consumption of building materials, practically drawing up a plan for purchasing building materials needed to build a house.

The disadvantages of Google SketchUp include the lack of functionality for designing 2D plans. Its main purpose is 3D modeling and design of houses. There are other programs for creating.

Leo060147 User FORUMHOUSE

If for myself, then I would recommend the free program Sketchup 8. In it you can create any designs with great precision (millimeters) and with any detail. All this can be created in 3D. If you want to draw flat drawings, you can do this in the free version of the NANOCAD program.

Since we're talking about the nanoCAD program, let's briefly talk about its capabilities.

Free version of nanoCAD

Being the best Russian development, focused on the automatic design of drawings, the program for creating houses nanoCAD has its own free version, which has quite a wide range of capabilities:

• Creation of complete plans and drawings during the design of various construction projects;
• Registration of a full package of documents in Russian, included in the detailed construction project;
• Ability to work with dwg files, compatible with other applications belonging to the AutoCAD category.

Free development allows you to solve the main problems that arise when designing construction projects and drawings of average complexity.

Specialized program for interior design – Sweet home 3D

The narrowly focused functionality of the Sweet home 3D program is aimed at users who want to simulate the interior of a room in accordance with their needs, but do not want to learn complex professional software. The program has a Russian-language version and a special service for online design. It features a user-friendly interface and flexible settings.

ELITE83 User FORUMHOUSE

I came across such a wonderful design program as sweet home 3D. Yes, this is a program for design, not design, but 90% of the planning can be done in it in a matter of hours, and it has quite full-fledged design functionality!

Key features and functions of the program:

• Availability of detailed documentation and training materials in Russian;
• Possibility of simultaneous work with a two-dimensional and three-dimensional model of a room;
• A huge list of items for designing the environment (furniture, household appliances, doors, etc.) and a wide range of settings (at your discretion, you can change sizes, colors, textures, etc.);
• The program allows you to view designs in various modes: “top view”, “virtual visit”, “view from anywhere in the room”, etc.

Free program for load calculation - "LIRA-SAPR 2013"

Since the topic of our article is devoted to the design of a private house, let’s talk about a program with which you can calculate the load on building structures. Load calculation is a task for professionals whose experience and qualifications go beyond the novice home designer. To implement it, you need to know the theories of resistance and construction calculations. Free programs for calculating loads exist, but not everyone can master them.

Rufus86 User FORUMHOUSE

The most understandable calculation systems with a large number of manuals and reference literature are, after all, SCAD and LIRA. They are based on the finite element method, but knowledge of the theory in size - “more or less” is not enough to master them.

The freely distributed version of the LIRA-SAPR 2013 program allows you to solve many problems related to the calculation and design of buildings:

• Calculate objects with different numbers of loads.
• Create and view design diagrams and models.
• Access the designer's help system.
• Gain access to program help and training materials.
• Create working drawings automatically (stages of CM, QL, etc.)

Material calculation

If designing doesn't interest you, or all you need is to calculate the amount of materials that will be needed to build a house, garage or other structure, then mastering the use of complex software is not at all necessary. To solve such problems, there are many free interactive services (construction calculators) that can be found through any search engine. They will help you plan the purchase of the necessary materials.

You can find out more by reading the opinions of FORUMHOUSE users at special section our site. After reading, you will easily learn how to work in one of the most popular programs for 3D modeling of houses, plots and interiors. A thematic video from FORUMHOUSE will help you understand why a properly designed house allows the future owner to receive a lot of advantages during construction.

Private construction is a complex and rather lengthy process that cannot be completed without a properly drawn up project. It’s quite possible to create the latter with your own hands. But for this you will have to study all the features of designing individual buildings. And, believe me, there are a lot of them.

We are planning individual housing construction - let's start small

Now many specialized companies offer to design any house. It is very comfortable. But, unfortunately, such services are not cheap. Therefore, private developers often try to plan a home on their own, without having sufficient knowledge to do so. We will try to correct the situation by describing the main stages of designing private housing construction with our own hands. With the right approach to the matter, any motivated self-taught master will be able to perform most of this operation without the help of specialists.

Designing a house always begins with determining what kind of building we want to get in the end. At this stage of work we need to find out the following:

• Will the house be used year-round or is it planned to live in it exclusively in the summer (seasonal cottage outside the city, dacha).
• How many residents is the house designed for? This is necessary in order to accurately determine the number of bedrooms, as well as the size of the kitchen and living room, where the whole family will often gather.
• What part of the land plot will be optimal for building a private house. It can be located in depth or at the beginning of the available free space.
• Which outbuildings is planned to be built. You need to think about where to install an autonomous septic tank, equip a well for water supply, build a private bathhouse, a garage for a car, and so on.

Based on such data, we will be able to preliminary draw a plan for the future home, make a schematic marking of the existing plot of land, rationally and harmoniously placing all additional buildings on it. After this, you can begin to solve more serious problems.

Design stages - we adhere to a certain scheme

To make a truly high-quality house project, you need to go through several stages sequentially. We need to create:

1. 1. Draft design.
2. 2. Architectural plan.
3. 3. Structural design.
4. 4. Engineering and technical justification.
5. 5. Design project for a future home.

Do preliminary design at home yourself, as was said, is as easy as shelling pears. First, we draw a simple diagram of the main building and utility structures, and sketch out the desired style and spatial solutions. Then there are two ways - turn to specialists with your sketch or try to independently draw an accurate plan for the building, foundation, floors and roof of the building. You also need to make diagrams of the transverse and longitudinal sections of the dwelling, the external appearance of its facade.

Drawing a preliminary design of a house is not enough. In addition, you will need to indicate all the features (structural) of its individual parts, and determine the materials that will be used for construction work. Based on the specified sketches and drawings, a working project is created. It is the main document for builders.

Next we move on to the architectural stage. We determine the dimensions of all premises of the home and their location. Then a diagram is drawn with marks about where the door and window openings and other architectural elements will be located. We also solve other important issues - the slope of the roof, the thickness of the walls, and so on. After all these steps we will have a lot of drawings. Moreover, for each of them you will have to prepare explanatory notes. If you have some drawing skills, you can draw a project on paper. It is even easier to carry out architectural planning using special computer programs. We'll talk about them a little later.

The construction of houses cannot be completed without defining them design features. Let's move on to the next stage. We design the foundation and the depth of its penetration into the ground, interfloor ceilings, chimney, rafter system, walls, roofing and other elements of a residential building. We display the results of the work on the drawings and immediately calculate the amount of materials that will be required for construction work.

Next, we are engaged in the preparation of engineering and technical documentation. Many private developers often omit this part of the design, which is fundamentally wrong. Without planning engineering and technical systems, building comfortable houses for living is impossible in principle! It is imperative to create a project with calculations and determination of locations for heating, ventilation, water supply and waste disposal, and electricity supply. Usually it consists of several sections (sewage, water supply, and so on). If you plan to equip your home burglar alarm, it is described in a separate document.

The final stage of the design activities is the development of the building’s exterior design and interior solutions. Choosing colors for decoration interior rooms, wall surfaces, roofing, facades, we decide on the style. Advice. It makes sense to do a house project yourself in cases where a person plans to carry out most of the construction work independently. Not every self-taught master will be able to use the documentation compiled professional architects. The average person will not understand many of the drawings and, as a result, will not be able to do everything correctly. If we ourselves were able to draw up a project, it will not be difficult for us to translate all its provisions into reality.

Tips for amateur designers - a must-read!

We always start designing our own home with geological exploration activities. They will allow you to find out the features of the soil on plot of land for construction, find out at what depth the soil waters lie. It is advisable that such work be carried out by specialists with the appropriate equipment. Moreover, geological exploration is best carried out in last days autumn or early spring. At that time groundwater rise to maximum height.

A survey of soil characteristics will make it possible to choose the optimal type of foundation for a home and determine the possibility of arranging a basement. If soil water rises too high during floods, build a subfloor ( ground floor) is not rational. In such situations, the cost of building houses increases by 25–30%. Perhaps it would be wiser to abandon the underground and build a separate utility room instead.

If you are not sure that you will be able to correctly draw a plan for your future home, it is recommended to pay attention to ready-made (standard) solutions. It's easy to find them on the Internet. But here it is important to understand that such plans in most cases are incomplete and require serious revision. No one will post projects for free that take a lot of time to prepare.

Don't try to blindly copy standard solutions for the construction of private houses. It’s better to take some ready-made project as a basis and study it. And then try to make a house design that is truly suitable for yourself, based on the data obtained from analyzing a typical building.

If you are a novice designer, choose simple projects. The fewer bends, complex angles and original structural elements you plan, the easier and more economical it will be to build a private home.

Having decided to make a drawing of a simple but reliable house, consider measures aimed at increasing its energy efficiency. This is very important these days. Energy prices are skyrocketing. Every person tries to minimize heating costs. Construction industry experts recommend placing living rooms in private houses on the south side, and utility rooms on the north side. This trick is the simplest and most effective way to save energy.

You can reduce your home heating costs in another simple way. Having decided to draw a plan for your home, try to equip it with a reasonable number of windows, and not very large ones. You need to draw several diagrams. Look at the results of your work. And then choose an option in which the windows look beautiful and at the same time do not have too much large area. Experts also advise making a plan that includes the use of high-quality modern heat insulators for various structural elements of a residential building. Good insulating materials for individual houses provide a significant reduction in costs for maintaining a comfortable temperature in them winter time.

Computer is the best assistant for private developers

Design correctly cozy home allow modern technologies. There is nowhere without them now. Creating the perfect house project will require minimal effort if you use special programs. They are easy to find on the Internet. Such programs make it possible to create models of various homes in 3D. The results of buildings designed on a computer clearly demonstrate all their advantages and disadvantages. Models can be zoomed in and out, rotated and viewed from any angles and angles. Many home planning programs are self-distributed for free, but they are well adapted for ordinary users. Let us describe several of the most well-known programs of this type.

Let's start our review with a product called SketchUp. If you want to quickly and competently complete a house project on your computer, use this program. It is free and yet truly multifunctional. SketchUp will design any building in 3D, help you create a chic interior or landscape design. The program has a lot of textures, makes it possible to change any structural part of the building and the scale of drawings, and export drawings of the compiled plan to CAD and PDF files.

Working with SketchUp yourself is very easy. The program is intuitive, although it is still better to undergo a little training so that the quality of the drawn models is the best. You can also receive lessons on how to create construction documents and drawings at a professional level. Then drawing up plans and diagrams will be even more effective.

You can also design a house using more serious software - ArchiCAD. This brainchild of the GRAPHISOFT company is actively used by professional architects and designers. It is also popular among amateurs who want to build their own cozy cottage. ArchiCAD is a complete set of tools for designing buildings and interiors. She does everything - creates models, develops technical and construction documentation, helps to correctly design stairs, fences, roofs and other elements of houses.

When planning residential buildings, she uses the most innovative visualization techniques. Please note that the licensed version of ArchiCAD is not distributed free of charge. But the results of projects made with the help of this program are so good and accurate that you don’t mind spending a little money. Nuance. To create technical documentation using ArchiCAD, you will have to learn the rules for using its main tools. It is impossible to work with the program without prior training.

Another program in our review is Arcone. You can also use it after completing the training. The “open and draw” option does not work here. Arcone is a complex multifunctional product. To use it correctly, you need to study each component of the program. And only after that proceed directly to the design.

Arcone contains about 400 materials and 1300 textures, as well as about 3000 typical three-dimensional objects. This program, developed by true professionals, is used by leading architects around the world. Real help it will also help home craftsmen if they want to achieve the ideal quality of a private home project created with their own hands.

Use modern technologies, create the home of your dreams - comfortable, warm and reliable, and enjoy every minute spent in it. Good luck!

Preliminary work before building a house includes several stages: the preparatory period, drawing up sketches, creating working drawings and communication diagrams. How to design a house yourself? Let's look at all the stages in detail.

Preparation period

Before construction, a site diagram is drawn up in the form of a configuration, with the terrain, marking trees and other elements. Diagrams of communications passing through the site (water supply, cable, gas pipeline) are drawn.

General layout of rooms

Projects of houses and cottages are carried out with numerous rooms for different purposes. First of all, we need a detailed study of the layout of the rooms. The following factors must be taken into account:

number of residents and availability individual families(adult children, parents);

presence of small children;

the expected number of guests and the possibility of their comfortable stay in the house and on the site.

The layout of the hallway, living room, office, bedrooms, the presence of separate entrances, toilets, bathrooms, kitchens, boiler room and workshop, parking lots and garages, and stairs to the upper floors depend on these factors. It is necessary to decide where the sauna will be: in separate building or in the basement. If the family loves plants, then you can place it in the house or attach a small greenhouse to it. Perhaps the attic will be built without heating and designed only for the summer period. All premises must be located optimally and at minimal cost.

House facade sketch

Many house designs are created with beautiful appearance facade. It should be drawn on each side, then combined and linked with the internal layout and placement of windows. The type of foundation depends on the material of the walls. You should also decide whether a basement or cellar is needed. To do this, you need to know how close the groundwater is. You immediately need to choose the shape of the roof to make the house look beautiful. Too complex a shape can lead to leaks from precipitation. Windows should be large to give the house lightness and make it brighter inside. At the same time, you should not be afraid of the cold, since you can install modern ones. They can be ordered in any shape and decorated with carved shutters or forged flower trellises.

An important place is the main entrance. You need to determine what the porch will look like and whether it will be convenient to climb onto it. Where will the front door and the canopy above it be? What will be the entrances to the garage, the type and location of gates for cars to enter? How to enter the courtyard and from which rooms? How to protect entrance doors from precipitation? The house must be harmoniously combined with the landscape of the site.

Detailed study of room layout

How to properly design a house with rational use of premises? Let's consider each of them separately.

Hallway

The hallway is usually common to everyone. If there are several families in the house, you need to think about how to enter it so as not to disturb each other. From the hallway it is convenient to make exits to the living room and to the garage. It is necessary to determine the location and design of the stairs to the second floor. It should be located inside the house so that in winter you don’t have to clear it of snow.

Living room

The first thing you need to do is make your living room as functional as possible. To do this, it must be a place for receiving guests, sharing leisure time, and a dining room. You can place a fireplace in it, which requires a separate foundation. The living room should be properly divided into functional areas. Often there is a staircase leading upstairs.

Kitchen

The kitchen is planned in such a way that it is spacious and comfortable enough for cooking and eating. It is divided into zones for cooking, hot processing and eating, as well as washing dishes. It is possible that a large family will need two kitchens. Appliances should easily fit into the room: stove, microwave, Dishwasher, sink, refrigerator, and various electrical appliances: meat grinder, juicer, mixer, coffee grinder. Everything should be located freely and compactly so that the hostess can reach it with her hand.

Bathroom

In your own home, the bathroom should be spacious and comfortable to accommodate everything you need. This requires an area of ​​at least 5 m2. The bathroom can be located in a separate room.

Bedroom

The bedroom should freely accommodate a bed, dressing table, chest of drawers and bedside tables. It may also contain a desk, a TV, armchairs and a wardrobe. There may be several bedrooms.

Children's room

In a children's room you need to ensure maximum functionality. It should be spacious, comfortable for sleeping, relaxing, playing and a sports corner. Toys and clothes should be put away in closets.

Cabinet

The office contains a desk, an armchair, bookshelves and office equipment. It is advisable to provide space for a small sofa for relaxation. The spacious office is convenient for business meetings.

The general appearance of the house should be linked several times to the layout of the rooms. Sketches of facades and placement of rooms can be done in different options, and then choose the best one.

The main parameters of the house are summarized in one table, which indicates the overall dimensions of the house, the number of rooms, their area, ceiling height, number and sizes of doors and windows.

Working draft

There are special computer programs how to design a house yourself. It is not necessary to be able to draw. The program does all this. With its help, you can visualize any house designs in three dimensions. A photo of one of them is shown below.

Drawings are drawn up from sketches, and then builders will build the house based on them.

The master plan of the site contains the house and other objects being built, as well as paths, gates, cesspool, gates, gazebos, greenhouse, places for plants. The plan is oriented according to parts of the world. The dimensions of each element are set exactly to scale. According to the plan, the places for supplying communications and the location of the drainage system are better determined.

Foundation design

To determine the type of foundation, you should have geological data on the composition and properties of the soil. The load on the foundation is calculated based on the mass of walls, floors, roofs, foundations, snow and temporary loads. Temporary and snow loads are calculated according to the average indicator - 100 kg/m 2. Based on this data, the type of foundation is selected. Usually choose strip or pile-tape reinforced concrete foundation. It must have holes for entering communications. You can find many options on how to design a house yourself with such foundations.

Wall and ceiling materials

The advantages and disadvantages of materials for building walls is a separate topic. To build a house on long term Brick is best. Behind Lately Foam concrete, aerated concrete, slag concrete and other similar materials that have sufficient strength and durability are becoming popular materials.

Their undoubted advantage is their low thermal conductivity, which makes it possible to build inexpensive and warm houses. Numerous projects of houses made of foam blocks show that they are cheaper and lighter than those made of monolithic concrete, and have less but sufficient load-bearing capacity. It is better to cover walls made of porous concrete wooden beam, the loads from which they can easily withstand.

Roof design

House designs mostly involve the construction of gables, and for small houses- pitched roofs. Timber is used for rafters, and boards are used as sheathing.

The roof is made with the possibility of vapor barrier and ventilation to ensure its protection from moisture. Its material can be a metal profile, a popular type of which is metal tiles. Soft roofing and Euro slate are also used. The metal profile is protected by a zinc coating, as well as a layer of polymer, which looks beautiful and does not collapse under the influence of the atmosphere.

Wiring of electrical networks

When implementing an electrical project, the total power of consumers is determined. It is performed by licensed enterprises. As terms of reference lighting and electrical wiring for the project.

Water supply and sewerage

Before you design a house yourself, you need to find out what resources are nearby. If there is a central water supply nearby, you can connect to it. In this case, a counter is installed at the main entrance. Water supply and sewerage are designed depending on the maximum number of people living in the house, the number of floors and the area of ​​the house. Sewage pipes are discharged to central system drainage. If it is not there, it is drained into a drainage hole.

In the absence of a centralized water supply, a well must be drilled or a well built. The source is included in the project along with the autonomous supply scheme.

Heating system

Projects of houses and cottages are created for autonomous heating systems. The boiler for the home is installed in a separate room. Its power is selected depending on the total volume of heated rooms. The type of boiler depends on the fuel used: gas, electricity or coal. For each heated room, radiators with the estimated number of sections are selected and a water supply pipe layout diagram is drawn up. It indicates all the necessary equipment and its characteristics: boiler, pressure tank, pump, filters, fittings.

Ventilation system

Ventilation of the house is ensured by natural and forced air outflow from the premises. To do this, a system plan is drawn, which indicates the distribution of pipes, their diameters, installation locations of gratings and service hatches.

Author's supervision of construction

After the creation of the project, monitoring should be carried out to ensure that the technology for constructing the house and laying communications is followed. An agreement is drawn up with the builders with reference to the project. This document is used to monitor the correctness of the work.

Conclusion

How to design a house yourself? To do this, it is necessary to carry out the work step by step to create the working drawings necessary for construction, and then monitor the quality of the work based on them.

Construction is first design, and then work on site. Drawing up a project in the 21st century is not paper work, but computer work, and a lot has been developed for this special programs. For objects of minimal complexity, a simple program can be used; for multi-story or multifunctional structures, there are more complex programs, but all of them can be mastered quite quickly even by novice designers. This is the so-called CAD programs for working with drawings (computer-aided design systems). The undisputed leaders are programs for creating drawings AutoCAD, Compass-3D, NanoCAD and 3-D Max due to their accessibility and versatility. Let’s look at what each of these programs can do below:

PC software package Autodesk AutoCAD

A simple program for drawings, but its capabilities can be increased by installing additional modules (plugins). Works in 2-D and 3-D dimensions spatial parameters, that is, it can create a flat pattern or a three-dimensional image.

AutoCAD is a program for creating drawings of industrial complexity. The software can visualize diagrams and drawings and render objects, which allows you to bring the visual perception of the layout as close as possible to the real one.

The capabilities of AutoCAD CAD in 2-D and 3-D spaces mean working with objects of any degree of complexity. Outputting and saving files in DWG, DWF and DXF formats allows for full compatibility with similar software.

Advantages:

1. The program is in Russian;
2. Several dozen plugins allow you to build the most complex objects;
3. The project can be saved in the MEGA cloud, Coole Disk, OneDrive, Yandex Disk, Mail.Ru, etc., printed on a printer or in 3-D;
4. Integration into different formats;
5. Installed on all OS on a computer of any generation, if it has suitable technical characteristics (amount of RAM, video card parameters, frequency, bit depth).

Flaws:

The program is paid.

COMPASS program

The drawing program's capabilities are wide - it can work with all image formats. Availability of graphic, visual and text editor. The drawing program can be used at home or in a design office, with its help it is easy to implement and visualize construction projects. The program's capabilities are updated and errors are corrected automatically.

Advantages:

1. Simple software for drawings and diagrams allows even novice draftsmen to master it;
2. Volume base standard projects and blanks of objects, a large number of diagrams, drawings, parts, structures and projects;
3. A database of plugins and additional tools for building simple and complex objects;
4. Menu in Russian;
5. Trial version for staff training.

Flaws:

The software is paid, and in the trial version the capabilities are limited.

The program is much simpler than AutoCAD and Compass, but for working at home it has extensive functionality that can create high-quality drawings on a PC. Because of its ease of use, the program is often used as a training program. All graphics comply with CAD standards for 2-D design, the software can be dimensioned and is compatible with DWG and DXF formats, which expands its capabilities.

Advantages:

1. The paid version costs less than AutoCAD and Compass;
2. The API allows you to implement your own applications and services;
3. Free version, but with limited functionality.

Flaws:

Does not work in 3-D, no rendering function.

When drawing up simple drawings, graphs or sketches, the program is indispensable, but it is not suitable for developing complex objects, especially since it will not be possible to create a three-dimensional model with its help. Good software for learning, personal use and performing simple homework.

3-D MAX

The most common program among all draftsmen. Probably, the developers themselves do not know all its capabilities. Hundreds of plugins allow you to create objects of any complexity and nesting, visualize them in 3-D or 2-D space, there is a function for creating three-dimensional panoramic video, where the object can be rotated with the mouse in any direction and in any plane. 3-D MAX is a free program, but its functionality is much wider than that of the paid “AutoCAD”, “NanoCAD” and “Compass” due to free plugins and a large base of model blanks of any complexity and focus.

Advantages:

1. Autodesk 3-D MAX is a free and unlimited program;
2. As a continuation of the main version, lightweight versions of 3-D MAX have been developed, which do not slow down or freeze even the oldest computers;
3. 3-D MAX provides the ability to create animated scenes, for example, you can create the same computer cartoons.

Flaws:

The program is difficult to learn, and even a short break in work reduces the level of training, since the software is constantly updated and improved.

The program is distributed free of charge, and in Windows 10 it is already installed by default, and you can master its capabilities quite quickly even without training lessons. The intuitive interface is designed for the lack of skills in working with similar software. Simple drawings, simple drawings and sketches - this is what 3-D Builder has to offer.

Advantages:

1. Free access to all functionality;
2. Working with libraries finished projects and blanks;
3. Interaction with cloud storages.

Flaws:

It is impossible to develop more or less using 3-D Builder complex project, so its use is limited to domestic needs.

Paint

This is the most common software basic version which is installed on every computer, starting with the oldest OS. However, you can draw simple drawings, diagrams, plans of objects and sites, make drawings or sketches of drawings in it, and you can learn how to work in Paint in a few minutes. The blanks, which are stored in the computer library, make it much easier to get started without skills and basic knowledge.
Paint

The Paint software, preinstalled in all versions of Windows OS, has extended versions and add-ons for tablets and even smartphones that allow you to create drawings with a stylus or by hand.

The program is a multi-platform system for automated creation of projects in 2D and 3D graphics. VariCAD was developed as software for design in the mechanical engineering field, as well as for drawing and calculations of mechanical components.

The VariCAD interface is designed to make it easy and fast to develop 2D or 3D models. Tools for developing pipelines and tanks of various levels of complexity have been introduced. One-sided conversion of 3D layouts into 2D graphics without reverse conversion is provided.

The choice of one or another software depends only on the degree of complexity of the project and the need to perform a simple task using a complex program.