Of course, we are talking about goods owned by the organization. After all, goods for which the organization does not have ownership rights cannot be taken into account on an equal basis with property owned by the organization (clause 5 of PBU 1/2008). In this regard, goods accepted for safekeeping are recorded off-balance sheet in account 002 “Inventory assets accepted for safekeeping,” and goods accepted for commission are reflected in off-balance sheet account 004 “Goods accepted for commission.”
Subaccounts to account 41
Depending on the needs of accounting and management, in particular, the following sub-accounts () can be opened for account 41:
| Subaccount to account 41 | What is taken into account |
|---|---|
| 41-1 “Goods in warehouses” | Inventory located at wholesale and distribution bases, warehouses, storerooms of organizations providing catering services, etc. |
| 41-2 “Goods in retail trade” | Goods located in retail trade organizations (in shops, tents, stalls, kiosks, etc.) and in buffets of catering organizations, incl. glassware (bottles, jars, etc.) |
| 41-3 “Containers under goods and empty” | Containers under goods and empty containers (except for glassware in retail trade organizations and in buffets of catering organizations) |
| 41-4 “Purchased products” | Goods in organizations conducting industrial and other production activities |
Accounting on account 41
Accounting account 41 is an active account. Accordingly, the receipt of goods is reflected in the debit of account 41, and the disposal is reflected in the credit.
When registering goods received from suppliers, the following posting is generated (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n):
Debit account 41 - Credit account 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors”
The purchase of goods can be reflected using account 15 “Procurement and acquisition material assets" The debit of this account records the purchase price of goods for which the organization received settlement documents suppliers. The accounting value of goods actually received at the warehouse in this case is reflected as follows: accounting entry:
Debit account 41 - Credit account 15
The deviation between the actual cost of purchasing goods and their book price is included in the debit of account 16 “Deviation in the cost of material assets”: Debit of account 16 - Credit of account 15.
In retail organizations that account for goods by sales prices, the debit of account 41 also reflects the value of the trade margin as the difference between the acquisition cost and the selling price:
Debit account 41 - Credit account 42 “Trade margin”
The trade margin reflected on account 42 is subsequently reversed by credit in correspondence with the debit of the goods disposal account. For example, Debit account 90 - Credit account 42 REVERSE (when selling goods).
The write-off of the book value of goods when they are sold is reflected as follows:
Debit account 90 “Sales” - Credit account 41
In the case when, at the time of transfer of goods to the buyer, ownership does not pass to him (for example, until the buyer pays for the goods), when the goods are released, their accounting value is transferred to account 45 “Goods shipped”:
Debit account 45 - Credit account 41
If, for example, as a result of an inventory of warehouse balances of goods, a shortage was identified, this fact is reflected in accounting as follows:
Debit account 94 “Shortages and losses from damage to valuables” - Credit account 41
We discussed accounting issues in trade in more detail in our separate section.
Analytical accounting on account 41 is carried out by product names, responsible persons and storage locations (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n).
Debit balance of account 41 on reporting date reflected in balance sheet organizations on line 1210 “Inventories”.
Dt 41 Kt 41 — such posting is accompanied by accounting in all trade organizations that sell goods both retail and wholesale. Our article will help you understand the features of using the debit and credit of account 41, as well as the contents of some transactions involving this account.
What is reflected in the score 41
Wiring Dt 41 Kt 41 shows information about the movement of inventory items (hereinafter referred to as goods and materials) related to:
- with their acquisition;
- moving;
- sale;
- other movements both within the organization and outside it.
In accordance with the instructions for the chart of accounts given in the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia “On approval of the chart of accounts for accounting financial and economic activities” dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n (hereinafter referred to as the chart of accounts), Dt 41 Kt 41 used by organizations operating in the field of:
- catering;
- trade;
- production.
Depending on the type of activity in the chart of accounts, the following recommendations are given for the use of subaccounts to account 41:
- 41.01 - to reflect information about inventory items in a warehouse or catering storerooms;
- 41.02 - for goods and materials in retail trade and public catering;
- 41.03 - for information on containers for catering and trade;
- 41.04 - for inventory items in production.
At the same time, the organization can approve its own sub-accounts that are unique to it, the use of which may differ from those recommended. They will need to be recorded in the organization's working chart of accounts.
When is the entry Debit 41 Credit 41 applied?
The debit of account 41 according to the instructions for the chart of accounts is often used with the following accounts:
- 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets”;
- 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors”;
- 91 “Other income and expenses”, etc.
The credit of this account is often in correspondence with the accounts:
- 10 "Materials";
- 20 “Main production”;
- 90 “Sales”, etc.
In addition, account 41 can correspond with itself, then the posting will look like this: Dt 41 Kt 41. For example, an organization sent purchased goods for processing. She will reflect such an action in accounting as follows: Dt 41 Kt 41. If the organization uses subaccounts, then posting Dt 41 Kt 41 may look like: Dt 41.05 Kt 41.01 (account 41.01 “Inventory in warehouse”, 41.05 “Inventory in processing”).
What typical transactions does account 41 involve?
In order to understand the meaning of entries using posting Dt 41 Kt 41, let's look at a few examples.
Example 1
On March 10, 2016, Luna LLC purchased goods from Zvezda LLC worth RUB 283,200. (including VAT RUB 43,200). On March 14, Luna LLC transferred the payment.
Luna LLC is engaged in retail trade. Zvezda LLC sells goods wholesale.
Let's consider how the implementation of Zvezda LLC will reflect:
- Dt 62 Kt 90 - revenue from the sale of goods in the amount of 283,200 rubles.
- Dt 90 Kt 68 - VAT is charged on revenue of 43,200 rubles.
- Dt 90 Kt 41 - the cost of goods sold is taken into account: 200,000 rubles.
- Dt 51 Kt 62 - payment received for goods in the amount of 283,200 rubles.
Let's look at the accounting of Luna LLC. Note that retail accounting of goods by the buyer has some features. He can lead it:
- at the purchase price (typical for retail and wholesale trade);
- sales price using trade margins (applicable for retail in accordance with clause 13 of PBU 5/01).
Accounting for receipt of goods at purchase prices:
- Dt 41 Kt 60 - the purchase price of the goods is reflected in the amount of 240,000 rubles.
- Dt 19 Kt 60 — input VAT RUB 43,200
- Dt 60 Kt 51 - paid for goods in the amount of 283,200 rubles.
Accounting for receipt of goods at sales prices.
The markup percentage is 30%.
The cost of goods without extra charge is reflected in the same way: Debit 41 Credit 60— 240,000 rub.
Postings for VAT and payment for goods will be similar to those we discussed above:
- Dt 19 Kt 60 — VAT 43,200 rub.
- Dt 60 Kt 51 - payment 283,200 rub.
Sales of purchased goods with a trade margin:
- Dt 50 Kt 90 - revenue from sales of goods 312,000 rubles. (240,000 + 72,000).
- Dt 90.3 Kt 68.2 — VAT 47,593.22 rub.
- Dt 90 Kt 41 - cost written off in the amount of RUB 312,000.
- Dt 90 Kt 42 - the markup of 72,000 rubles was reversed.
Example 2
Luna LLC returned defective goods supplier Zvezda LLC (continuation of example 1).
Luna LLC will make the following entries:
- Dt 41 Kt 60 - goods worth 240,000 rubles were returned. (reversible).
- Dt 42 Kt 41 - write-off of trade margin in the amount of 72,000 rubles. (an entry is made if the organization applied a markup).
- Dt 19 Kt 60 — VAT 43,200 rub. (reversible).
Example 3
Luna LLC identified a defective product (continuation of example 1).
The following entries will be made in the accounting of Luna LLC:
- Dt 94 Kt 41 - write-off of defects in the amount of 240,000 rubles.
- Dt 42 Kt 41 - the markup is written off in the amount of 72,000 (the posting is typical when using a markup).
Example 4
Luna LLC carried out a markdown of goods (continuation of example 1).
Please note that the markdown of goods can be either lower or higher than the markup.
Situation 1. The markdown was 10% of sales price goods. The selling price from example 1 is RUB 312,000. (240,000 + 72,000).
Dt 42 Kt 41 - markdown of goods due to a markup of 31,200 rubles. (312,000 × 10%).
Situation 2. The markdown amounted to 40% of the sale price of the goods.
Dt 42 Kt 41 - markdown of goods due to a markup of 72,000 rubles.
Dt 91.2 Kt 41 - excess markdown of 52,800 rubles. ((312,000 × 40%) - 72,000).
For the rules for drawing up a markdown document, see the article.
Results
Posting Debit 41 Credit 41 reflects transactions with purchased goods that are purchased for the purpose of further resale. Moreover, for trade organizations application Dt 41 Kt 41 in correspondence with various accounts for wholesale and retail trade when accounting for purchase prices will be similar. Reflection of sales prices is typical only for retail.
Inventory accounting account 41 is intended to control the movement and availability of those inventory items that are purchased trading companies for subsequent implementation. Manufacturing (industrial, etc.) enterprises can also use this account to reflect materials, products or other objects acquired not for use in their main activities, but for resale. Let's figure out how account 41 behaves in accounting - you will find postings with examples below.
Buh. account 41 – essence and subaccounts
Accounting account 41 is an active collection account that accumulates data on its own inventory items used for sale to customers. In this case, any object can be a product - from a building, equipment, transport and other fixed assets to materials, equipment and land plots. The main difference is that the product is not used by the organization for its own purposes (for production, provision of services, etc.), but is resold “outside” with the transfer of ownership rights to buyers.
Accounting for 41 accounts is carried out both in quantitative terms and in monetary terms, with the determination of incoming/outgoing balances, as well as volumes of movement for a specific time period. Inventory and materials received by the enterprise under commission agreements, secondary storage or for processing are displayed on the corresponding off-balance sheet accounts - 002, 004, 003.
Subaccounts to 41 accounts:
- 41.1 – used to display inventory items in warehouses/storerooms of organizations.
- 41.2 – used by retail or catering companies.
- 41.3 – here you can generate data on the movement of containers (empty and for goods and materials), both of your own production and purchased, except for inventory.
- 41.4 – this sub-account is opened by production/industrial organizations to account for purchased products.
Analytical accounting for account 41 is organized by materially responsible employees of the enterprise, warehouses, storerooms and other storage locations for inventory items, as well as item names (grades, batches, types, subtypes, groups, etc.).
Accounting entries for account 41
In accordance with Order No. 94n dated October 31, 2000, correspondence from account 41 is carried out by debit for the receipt of goods from suppliers (Account 60), accountable persons (Account 71), as contributions from founders (Account 75), and others counterparties (account 76). Write-off of goods is carried out on account credit. 41 in correspondence with accounts – (when sold), (when used in commercial purposes), 20, , (when spent on personal needs), (in the process of transferring from goods to materials), 41 – during internal movements, etc.
Account 41 – postings
Thus, we found out that 41 accounting accounts are a type of current accounts that reflect data on the company’s goods. In the balance sheet, the balance of this account is entered on line 1210 minus the credit balance for the trade margin on the account. 42. Let's look at how accountants practically use account 41 - the entries are given based on typical situations.
Example 1
The trading company sold wholesale goods worth 295,000 rubles, incl. VAT 45,000 rub.; retail for RUB 35,400, incl. VAT 5400 rub. The amount of markup for retail through ATT (automated point of sale) was 12,400 rubles; the cost of the wholesale batch is 217,300 rubles. Postings:
- D 62.1 K 90.01.1 for 295,000 rubles. – reflected shipment in bulk.
- D 90.02 K 68.2 for 45,000 rubles. – VAT allocated.
- D 90.02.1 K account 41 01 for 217,300 rubles. – write-off of cost is reflected.
- D 51 K 62.1 for 295,000 rubles. - payment has been received.
- D 50 K 90.01.1 for 35,400 rubles. – retail sales are reflected.
- D 90.03 K 68.2 for 5400 rubles. – VAT on retail is allocated.
- D 90.02.1 To 41.11 for 35,400 rubles. – reflects the write-off of retail goods.
- D 90.02.1 K 42 for 12,400 rubles. – the markup is reversed (this posting is carried out with a – sign).
Example 2
A trading company uses part of the purchased goods and materials for its own needs - to install an alarm system in the office. In this regard, the accountant transfers the cable from goods to materials using the following postings:
- D 41.1.19 K 60 for 170,000 rubles, incl. VAT 18% RUB 25,932.20 – 1000 m of cable were capitalized as goods.
- D 10.1 K 41.1 for 14,406.78 rubles. – 100 m of cable was transferred to the category of materials.
- D 26 K 10.1 for 14,406.78 rubles. – materials are written off for general business purposes.
Goods are property owned by an organization and put up for sale. In this case, the type and cost do not matter. The product can be either real estate, and small items. Account 41 in accounting is used to reflect information about the availability of goods and their sales.
general characteristics
"Goods" – inventory accounting account material resources enterprises. Novice auditors ask themselves: “Account 41 in accounting is an asset or a liability of the organization?” The answer is not as complicated as it might seem. It is important to understand that the account itself is not an asset or a liability. But the goods accounted for in account 41 can easily be identified as funds or sources of the organization. An asset is property law company, in other words, everything that belongs to it. Goods are tangible property and, therefore, are accounted for as assets.
Based on the answer received, how can you characterize account 41 in accounting? Active or passive? Or maybe active-passive? There should be no doubt, account 41 in accounting is active. Receipt of goods is shown in debit, and their write-off and sale in credit. At the end of the reporting period, only a debit closing balance is formed.
Accounting on account 41
The "Goods" account is used by trade, supply, and distribution enterprises, as well as those specializing in public catering. In addition to goods, the invoice takes into account containers produced independently or purchased. In industry, invoice is used only when materials or products are purchased for separate sale.
Depending on the company's policy, goods are accounted for at sales, accounting or purchase prices. When using sales prices, the difference between the cost of goods and capes (discounts) is displayed on account 42.
Goods accepted for storage on liability and on commission are accounted for in accounts 002 and 004. Account 41 in accounting has its own subaccounts for grouping goods of similar purposes.
Account 41 in accounting - subaccounts
Accounts analytical accounting facilitate the process of grouping and evaluating results financial activities organizations. For the “Goods” account, the accountant uses subaccounts:
- 41.1 – for accounting of goods in warehouses;
- 41.2 – for accounting for goods intended for retail trade;
- 41.3 – for accounting for containers located under goods or empty;
- 41.4 – for accounting for purchased products.
Subaccount 41.1 is used to control the movement of goods inventories in enterprise warehouses. Public catering uses it to account for products located in refrigeration chambers and other food storage facilities.
Subaccount 41.2 is used for accounting for retail trade. Catering chains additionally use it to account for glassware. Subaccount 41.3 helps to count containers under goods and empty ones. Subaccount 41.4 is used to account for the availability of goods and its movement, using an accounting procedure similar to industrial inventories.
Correspondence
Account 41 in accounting is a method of controlling and describing the process of purchasing and selling goods, which leads to correspondence with most main accounts. Account 41 is debited in the posting with the accounts:
- settlement transactions (60, 63, 68, and 71-78);
- capital funds (80, 88);
- stocks (14);
- production accounting (20, 23, 26, 29, 37);
- goods (42);
- accounting monetary transactions (50).
The "Goods" account corresponds for the loan with the following accounts:
- assets (06);
- stocks (10, 13, 14);
- production and commodity accounting(20, from 43 to 46);
- accounting of monetary transactions (58);
- accounting for settlements (62, 63, from 76 to 79 except 77);
- capital funds (80, 84, 87, 89)
In the process of compiling quotes, do not forget that account 41 in accounting is active.
Reception at cost
Company in accounting documents determines the accounting procedure for received goods. Capitalization by actual cost provides for the use of supplier prices indicated in accounting documents. In addition, the cost may include payment for the services of transport companies and the process of procuring goods. The organization itself has the right to determine the nature of accounting for these expenses.
When auditors in practice receive goods for the first time, a serious question arises: “Should I open account 41 in accounting with VAT or without VAT?” Violation of the wiring can lead to problems with the transfer of taxes, it’s worth looking into. If the supplying company issues an invoice, then VAT needs to be allocated, only to a separate invoice. Goods must be received at cost minus tax.
Account 41 is debited in accounting with VAT payable with a credit to the account. 60, after which the tax amount is allocated and transferred to the budget.
Enterprise example
See the sequence more clearly accounting transactions possible by considering a specific case. We have the following initial data: the company acquired borrowed funds in the amount of 480,000 monetary units(hereinafter referred to as units). All money was spent on the purchase of goods (of which tax is 80,000 units). During the use of the loan, the borrower bank accrued interest in the amount of CU 60,000. The company's accounting policies govern the accounting of interest in the operating expenses account. The entire batch of goods was sold for CU720,000 units. (of which tax is 120,000 units).
| Dt | CT | Amount, rub. | Characteristics of the operation |
| 51 | 66 | 480 000 | the loan amount is transferred to the company's bank account |
| 41 | 60 | 400 000 | goods are capitalized (excluding tax) |
| 19 | 60 | 80 000 | VAT has been deducted from the cost of purchased goods |
| 68 | 19 | 80 000 | VAT is transferred to the state budget |
| 91.2 | 66 | 60 000 | The bank charges interest on the loan |
| 90.2 | 41 | 400 000 | the selling price of the item has been written off |
| 62 | 90.1 | 720 000 | |
| 90.3 | 68 | 120 000 | tax charged on goods sold |
| 51 | 62 | 720 000 | payment received from the buyer |
A clear example of the process of posting goods at an enterprise clarifies the situation, and there is no need to choose whether to open account 41 in accounting with or without VAT. Regardless of the value at which the goods are taken into account, VAT on account 41 is not taken into account.
Accounting by sales price
If an organization registers goods at the subsequent sale price, then it becomes necessary to use account 42. Account. "Trade margin" takes into account income from the sale of goods and VAT.
The accountant makes the following quotes with the correspondence of accounts 41 and 42:
- Dt 41 Kt 42 – reflects the markup on the goods received.
- Dt 90.2 Kt 42 - the amount of the markup was deducted when making a sale.
- Dt 41 Kt 42 – write-off of the discounted value of goods due to the previously made markup.
- Dt 91.2 Kt 41 – the difference between the markup and the discounted value is written off (in cases where the markdown exceeds the amount of the markup).
- Dt 44 Kt 41, Dt 44 Kt 42 – goods and their trade margins are written off for the needs of the enterprise.
- Dt 94 Kt 41, Dt 94 Kt 42 – the amount of shortage/damage to the goods and its trade margin are written off.
An example of accounting for sales price at an enterprise
Let’s assume that a fictitious company has carried out the following business transactions: goods worth 12,000 rubles have been purchased (including VAT of 2,000 rubles). The established markup rate is 30%. The accountant makes the following calculations:
- (12,000 – 2000) × 30% = 3000 rub. – the amount of markup on the product has been identified.
- (10,000 + 3000) × 18% = 2340 rub. – VAT is calculated for the sale price at a rate of 18%.
- 3000 + 2340 = 5340 rub. – the total amount of the markup on the product is calculated, including VAT.
The process is described by the following accounting entries:
| Dt | CT | Amount, rub. | Characteristics of the operation |
| 41 | 60 | 10 000 | the goods are registered and accepted into the warehouse excluding VAT |
| 19 | 60 | 2 000 | VAT is deducted from the amount of purchased goods |
| 68 | 19 | 2 000 | VAT deduction completed |
| 60 | 51 | 12 000 | the debt to the supplier was repaid from the bank account |
| 41 | 42 | 5 340 | recognized markup on goods |
| 90.2 | 41 | 15 340 | the amount of goods for sale is written off |
| 90.2 | 42 | 5 340 | the markup amount is deducted from the cost of the goods |
| 62 | 90.1 | 15 340 | revenue from the sale of goods is recognized |
| 90.3 | 68 | 2 340 | VAT calculation on goods sold |
| 51 | 62 | 15 340 | repaid by the buyer accounts receivable for product |
Expenses for transport and other services incurred during the delivery of goods from the supplier are credited to account 44 (Dt 44 Kt 60). If at the end of the reporting period the goods paid for by the company have still not been delivered, the accountant posts Dt 41 Kt 60, while posting to the warehouse is not carried out. When the goods are at the disposal of the company, the amount of VAT is deducted and the cost of the goods is included in the debit of the account. 60.
Features of shipment of goods to customers
In cases where the contract for the supply of goods between the buyer and the manufacturer stipulates the transfer of the right to own the goods and financial responsibility for them, account 45 is used in accounting. At the moment when the goods are actually shipped to the buyer, the posting is made: Dt 45 Kt 41. After In carrying out this quotation, it is assumed that the buyer bears the rights and responsibility for the goods.
Goods accounting in 1C
Trade and industrial enterprises use commercial accounting programs to simplify the work of auditors. This reduces time and allows you to clearly assess the company's assets and liabilities. Account 41 in 1C accounting corresponds to the same accounts as in the classic version.
To post goods, you must select the “Purchases” item in the main menu, the “Receipts (acts, invoices)” sub-item. A product filling form will open. Let's look at an example of making retail trade transactions through 1C. You must perform the following steps in the program:
- Indicate the date of receipt or the date in the supplier document.
- Select: counterparty – supplier, contract – main, warehouse – retail.
- Fill out the tabular part without nomenclature.
- Indicate the amount of the goods excluding VAT and post the document.
Reflection of revenue and accounting for markups in 1C
After completing all the previous steps, the “Products” account and its quotes will open. To reflect revenue from retail trade, you need to open the "Bank and cash desk" sub-item " Cash documents" in the main menu of the program and create a new receipt order in the following way:
- Indicate the type of transaction: “retail revenue”.
- Fill in the fields: date, payment amount (select “excluding VAT”).
- Post the document.
After viewing the transactions made on the account, you need to go to the “Operations” item, sub-item “Month closure”. In the menu that opens, select the closing month and the item “Calculation of trade margins on goods sold.” Account entries will show that the markup has been written off. Returning to the “Month Closing” menu, select “Write off trade margins on goods sold”, after which the trade margin report on goods sold for the selected month will open.
An example of total accounting of goods was considered using the 1C: Accounting 8.3 (rev. 3.0) program.
Consolidation of knowledge
Having carefully studied all the information presented and summed up, we can outline the key points about the characteristics and accounting of accounts. 41:
- goods are among the assets of the enterprise;
- account 41 - active, inventory;
- upon receipt of goods, the account is debited excluding VAT;
- the sale of goods results in the debiting of amounts from account 41;
- The trade margin is reflected by posting Dt 41 Kt 42.
Regardless of how accounting is kept at the enterprise (in 1C or in writing), knowledge of the properties of account 41 will simplify the work of a novice accountant.
Any financial and economic transaction in the activities of the company is reflected in the accounting accounts. All accounts are interconnected. The principle of their interaction is described by the method double entry. It itself is a list in which the number corresponds to a name that reflects the essence business transaction. He approved by Order No. 94n as amended on November 8, 2010.
A product is any purchased or produced item of value intended for subsequent sale. If an organization produces a product for internal use, it is not a product. Let's look at the basic entries for goods and services in accounting.
Let's look at the main examples of accounting entries for goods on 41 accounting accounts.
Accounting for goods and materials
Goods and materials are often combined into one accounting group and given a general name - inventory assets, abbreviated as goods and materials.
Inventory materials in finished form intended for further implementation- these are goods. A – these are goods and materials that are purchased for use in the manufacture of the company’s products, or for own needs affecting the overall production process.
Inventory and materials are taken into account at the actual cost, which consists of the amounts Money, transferred or paid (in cash) to the supplier and other costs associated with transportation, commission costs, etc.
How goods are accepted for accounting
Goods are accepted for accounting in the same way as materials, at actual cost. For accounting purposes, account 41 and subaccounts opened to it are used. When carrying out retail trade, you also need. If you keep records at accounting prices to reflect the difference between them and actual prices, then accounts 15 and 16 will be needed.
Products are sold wholesale and retail. Registered in in this case is influenced by the organization’s taxation system and the methods enshrined in accounting policy, and automation, or lack thereof, at the point of sale, and the presence of intermediaries. When concluding a supply agreement, it is necessary to clearly state all the conditions that relate to prepayment, full payment and shipment, since the write-off of costs and the moment of sale of goods depend on this.
Wholesale trade can be carried out on the following terms:
- Prepayment and subsequent shipment.
- Shipment and then payment for the goods.
- Payment in foreign currency, and then shipment. And vice versa.
- with their transportation to the buyer.
There are also many nuances in retail trade:
- Sale of goods at an automated point of sale (ATP) at sales prices in cash and non-cash.
- Sale of goods at a manual point of sale (NTP) at sales prices in cash and non-cash.
- Sale of goods at purchase prices.
Example of postings for 41 accounts
The Alpha organization carries out wholesale and retail trade. The goods were shipped to Omega after receiving full payment in the amount of RUB 274,520. (VAT RUB 41,876). Three days later the goods were shipped to the buyer.
Cost of goods sold RUB 129,347. In retail, daily revenue amounted to 17,542 rubles. (VAT 2676 rub.). The sale was carried out using ATT. To account for the trade margin, account 42 was used. The amount of the margin was 6,549 rubles.
| Account Dt | Kt account | Wiring description | Transaction amount | A document base |
| 51 | 62.02 | Money has been deposited into the bank account from Omega | 274 520 | Bank statement |
| 76.AB | 68.02 | An advance invoice has been issued | 41 876 | Outgoing invoice |
| 62.01 | 90.01.1 | Revenue from sales of goods is taken into account | 274 520 | Packing list |
| 90.02 | 68.02 | VAT charged on sales | 41 876 | Packing list |
| 90.02.1 | 41.01 | Sold goods written off | 129 347 | Packing list |
| 62.02 | 62.01 | Advance credited | 274 520 | Packing list |
| An invoice for sales has been issued | 274 520 | Invoice | ||
| 68.02 | 76.AB | VAT deduction on advance payment | 41 876 | Book of purchases |
| 50.01 | 90.01.1 | Retail revenue taken into account | 17 542 | |
| 90.03 | 68.02 | VAT charged | 2676 | Certificate-report of the cashier of the operator based on the retail sales report |
| 90.02.1 | 41.11 | Write-off of goods at sales price | 17 452 | Certificate-report of the cashier of the operator based on the retail sales report |
| 90.02.1 | 42 | Accounting for mark-ups on goods | -6549 | Help for calculating the write-off of trade margins on goods sold |
Translation of goods into materials
In production and trading organizations, goods are often transferred to the category of materials. Such a movement is documented with the TORG-13 consignment note.
Alpha purchased 920 meters of cable for sale in the amount of RUB 179,412. (VAT RUB 27,383). To implement electrical installation work 120 meters of cable were needed, so this quantity of goods was converted into materials.
| Account Dt | Kt account | Wiring description | Transaction amount | A document base |
| 41.01 | 60.01 | Goods have arrived | 152 029 | Packing list |
| 19.03 | 60.01 | VAT included | 27 383 | Packing list |
| 68.02 | 19.03 | VAT is accepted for deduction | 27 383 | Invoice |
| 10.01 | 41.01 | Products translated into materials | 19 830 | Internal movement invoice |
Write-off of goods from 41 accounts for the needs of the organization
An organization may need the goods it sells for general business needs. Write-offs can be made by converting goods into materials or bypassing this operation, based on an order.
Example situation:
The organization purchased 87 packs of paper for retail sales on total amount 7905 rub. (VAT 1206 rub.) For office needs, 5 packs were needed.
| Account Dt | Kt account | Wiring description | Transaction amount | A document base |
| 41.01 | 60.01 | Goods have arrived | 6699 | Packing list |
| 19.03 | 60.01 | VAT included | 1206 | Packing list |
| 68.02 | 19.03 | VAT is accepted for deduction | 1206 | Invoice |
| 41.11 | 41.01 | The goods were moved from the wholesale warehouse to the retail warehouse | 6699 | |
| 41.11 | 42 | Take into account the trade margin | 2609 | Invoice for internal movement (TORG-13) |
| 26 | 41.11 | Products written off for office needs | 604 | Request-invoice |
| 26 | 42 | Adjusting the cost of goods for office needs | 219 | Accounting information |