Located in the Ostankino district of Moscow at the address Academician Koroleva Street, 15, K1.

Among free-standing buildings and with a height of just over 540 meters, it ranks 10th in the world tallest list, behind only such structures as Dubai's Burj Khalifa, Tokyo's Sky Tree and Shanghai Tower, which were built in a more recent period. True, today it remains the highest engineering structure Europe.

In the first years after commissioning, with Ostankino TV tower it was possible to cover an area with a population of 10 million people, but with the installation of new equipment this figure increased to 15 million.

Photo 1. Ostankino TV tower at night

The beginning of the history of the Ostankino television tower

In the period from 1956 to 1959, a number of Resolutions were adopted at the level of the Union Council of Ministers and the Moscow Council regarding the creation of a television complex in Moscow, designed to replace the outdated television center on Shabolovka. They decided to build the new structure not from the metal structures that were familiar at that time, but from reinforced concrete.

According to the original plan for the construction of a television tower, a plot was allocated in the Cheryomushki area (1956), but ultimately settled on the Ostankino area: first in Dzerzhinsky Park (now Ostankino Park), and then, finally, on the territory of the then Ostankino nursery. Nikolai Vasilyevich Nikitin was appointed the chief designer of the facility, and Leonid Ilyich Batalov was appointed the chief architect, with the participation of architect Dmitry Ivanovich Burdin and others.

Construction preparations began in July 1960, but the first reinforced concrete structures laid the foundation of the Ostankino TV tower in the same year - on September 27.

It is worth noting that the concept of the tower was developed by Nikolai Nikitin, and in just one night. According to his design, it took on the appearance of a loose lily, placed upside down.

Initially, the base included 4 supporting “petals,” but after consultation with the German engineer Fritz Leonhardt, who had already built a concrete television tower in the city of Stuttgart by that time, their number was raised to 10, which made it possible to increase the height of the structure to 520 meters.

The unusualness of the Ostankino TV tower also consists of the original engineering solution, when it was decided to build it using prestressed reinforced concrete, tied with metal cables. It was this step that made it possible to create it, both simple in execution and with sufficient strength characteristics.

Construction TV tower in Ostankino began, as mentioned above, in 1960 and ended in 1967, when on November 5, on the eve of the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Great October Revolution, the State Commission’s Act on the commissioning of the first stage was signed. By this period, the Ostankino television tower was already transmitting television and radio signals over an impressive distance - about 120 kilometers.

It's interesting that 2 last month Before the official acceptance, she worked in tandem with the center on Shabolovka, after which all receiving television antennas were turned in her direction.

Structural characteristics of the Ostankino TV tower:

1. Height from the ground to the highest point - 540.1 m;
2. The height of the concrete structure is about 385 m;
3. The height of the tower base above sea level is about 160 m;
4. The depth of the foundation part is just over 4.5 m;
5. The total weight of the structure is about 55 thousand tons;
6. The design uses 149 ropes that crimp the annular sections of the structure;
7. The average diameter of the conical base is about 65 m;
8. Internal volume is about 70 thousand cubic meters;
9. The area of ​​the internal premises is about 15 thousand square meters;
10. The maximum possible deviation of the top is 12 m;
11. The closed observation deck is located at a level of 337 meters from the ground;
12. The open observation deck is located at a level of 340 meters from the ground;
13. The reinforced concrete support platform is just over 2 thousand square meters.

The Ostankino TV tower in Moscow has truly become one of the symbols and

Construction of the Ostankino Tower began in the summer of 1960, and in the spring of 1961 it was suspended - doubts arose about the reliability of the soil under the foundation. After studying the problem, the cross-section of the foundation was increased by 1.5 meters in width and 2.25 meters in height. All ten of its faces were compressed with a prestressed reinforced concrete cage. Construction resumed in the summer of 1963 and continued for another four years. The foundation area was 1940 m², and the mass was 20,000 tons, which is equal to 40 percent of the mass of the entire structure.

For the first time in world practice, all the premises of the radio and television transmitting station were located not next to the tower, but inside it. Shafts run along the entire height of the tower shaft engineering communications, elevator shafts and a metal staircase running from the first floor to the last.

Each television center studio has its own foundation. Thus, it turns out to be a “house within a house.” The foundations do not come into contact with the building structure, which provides good sound insulation. There is an air-conditioning zone running along the entire television center. About 1,000 fans are mounted on carriage springs, which help avoid vibration. On the 4th floor there are about 2 kilometers of ventilation chambers.

Acoustic floors, special doors and gates 20 centimeters thick were installed in all rooms of the television center. Each studio had a pair of gates - inside and outside.

An “echo room” was created in the basement to set up instruments and instruments. A special room was also equipped for recording orchestras - a tone studio. It was customized using sliding panels. To operate wireless microphones, antennas were built into the floor.

The history of the creation of the Ostankino TV tower

It was built by order of the State Committee for Radio Broadcasting and Television over four years & from 1963 to 1967. At that time, the Ostankino TV Tower was considered one of the tallest buildings in the world. During construction, many progressive ideas at that time were used; it should be noted that the creation of the tower project itself arose in just one night; its architect Nikitin based it on the image of an inverted lily flower. Initially it was planned to make four supports for the TV tower, but then their number was increased to ten.

And already in 1963, the final model of the project was approved. The authors, namely chief designer Nikitin and architects Batalov and Bardin, had to carry out a huge and responsible work, to redo the previous project, after which the height of the tower was accordingly increased, the amount of equipment needed to carry out technological process construction.

An interesting fact is that in the design process of the Ostankino TV tower, about 40 different enterprises were involved, which worked on the design, construction and manufacture of various equipment for it.

The first television programs were broadcast in 1967 after the television center was put into operation. Although, despite this, various areas were refined throughout the year. The new television tower was named after the All-Union Radio and Television Transmitting Station of the USSR Ministry of Communications named after the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution. Many designers, engineers and builders who took part in the implementation of the extremely complex project at that time were awarded the Lenin Prize.

The Ostankino TV tower amazes not only with the height of its structure, but also with the amazing capabilities of its technology and equipment. Thanks to the technical equipment of the television tower, it is possible to broadcast and film at many objects simultaneously.

It is no secret that this is where the main meteorological center monitors phenomena in the atmosphere through a uniquely equipped meteorological observatory.

The TV tower also provides radio and telephone communication, where there are users such as the State Duma and the President of the country.

Recently, the Ostankino TV tower has been considered along with other tourist centers in Moscow. For more than a decade, not far from the Ostankino TV tower there has been an organization engaged in excursion activities; inside Ostankino itself there are three sites for viewing by tourists. The Seventh Heaven restaurant, which rotates around the axis of the tower itself, is incredibly popular.

Anything has happened in the history of the Ostankino TV Tower. As a result of a severe fire in 2000, three floors of the TV tower were destroyed. The Ostankino Tower itself has been preserved, although it was closed for a whole month in May 2008 for construction and repair work to improve the territory and restore the premises of the excursion route. Today the Ostankino TV tower is one of the tallest buildings in Europe.

Interesting facts about the Ostankino TV tower

1. The height of the Ostankino TV tower is 540 meters. This makes it the sixth tallest structure in the world after the Khalifa Skyscraper, Tokyo Sky Tree, Guangzhou Tower, Abraj Al Bayt Complex and CN Tower. In Europe, the Ostankino Tower is considered the largest free-standing structure.

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2. The glass observation deck was located at an altitude of 337 meters, and the open one was slightly higher. No more than 70 people were allowed onto the site at a time. In total, over the entire period of operation of the tower, more than 10 million people visited it, and observation deck They even held wedding ceremonies.

3. The Ostankino TV tower was used, among other things, for meteorological purposes. There was also a concert hall “Royal”, designed for 750 people, and various banquet halls. And at an altitude of about 300 meters there was the famous restaurant “Seventh Heaven”, which had circular structures that rotated around its axis.

4. On August 27, 2000, a fire broke out at an altitude of 460 meters, as a result of which three floors of the tower were completely burned out. Three people died, and broadcasting of almost all television channels and radio stations was stopped for some time. The Seventh Heaven restaurant had to be closed after this event.

5. On June 22, 2003, the First Moscow Base Jumping Festival - jumping from stationary objects with a parachute - took place at the Ostankino Tower. Participants set a new world record in this extreme sport - 26 people jumped from the tower at the same time. The following year, this record was broken - 30 people jumped from the Ostankino Tower at the same time.

How did the new TV tower work in the past?

The first radio broadcast signals spread over a radius of 120 kilometers. This was not the case throughout the USSR. Four programs were broadcast on television. There were only three radio programs.

Sources: octankino.ucoz.ru, www.turistorussia.ru, lubitur.ru, www.aif.ru, www.autotravel.ru, www.prazdniki-online.ru

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Television and radio broadcasting tower located in Moscow. Currently the fourth tallest structure in the world after the Burj Khalifa skyscraper (since July 21, 2007, the tallest building in the world, height 828 m), the CN Tower in Toronto (553.33 m) and the KVLY-television and radio tower TV in Blanchard, USA (628 m).
The tallest building in Europe.

Height 540 m (originally the height of the tower was 533 m, but then the flagpole was added).
The height of the concrete part is 385 m.
The height of the base above sea level is 160 m.
The depth of the foundation does not exceed 4.6 m.
The mass of the tower together with the foundation is 51,400 tons.
The conical base of the structure rests on 10 supports; the average diameter between the legs is 60 m.
The ring sections of the tower barrel are compressed with 149 ropes.
The total volume of premises and high-rise buildings is 70,000 m³.
The useful area of ​​the tower premises is 15,000 m².
Maximum theoretical deflection of the tower top at maximum design wind speeds of 12 m.
The main observation deck is located at an altitude of 337 m.
The tower contains 5 freight and 4 passenger elevators.
The area of ​​reliable TV signal reception from the tower is 120 km and covers an area with a population of about 20 million people.

Chief designer N.V. Nikitin. Engineers M.A. Shkud and B.A. Zlobin. Architects D. Burdin, M.A. Shkud and L.I. Shchipakin.

Construction of the tower took place from 1963 to 1967. At that time it was the largest high-rise building in the world. The idea of ​​using prestressed reinforced concrete, compressed by steel cables, made it possible to make the structure of the tower simple and strong. Another progressive idea was the use of a relatively shallow foundation: according to Nikitin’s plan, the tower was supposed to practically stand on the ground and its stability was ensured by the mass of the helmet-base being many times greater than the mass of the mast structure.

The Seventh Heaven restaurant is located at an altitude of 328-334 m and occupies 3 floors. The ring-shaped premises of the restaurant perform circular rotations around their axis at a speed of one to three revolutions per hour. Over the entire period, the observation deck and the high-rise restaurant “Seventh Heaven” were visited by over 10 million guests.

On August 27, 2000, there was a severe fire in the tower. The fire was located at an altitude of 460 m. 3 floors were completely burned out. In the process of extinguishing the fire, fire crew commander Vladimir Arsyukov, elevator operator Svetlana Loseva and repairman Alexander Shipilin died. During the fire, several dozen cables that provided prestressing to the concrete structure of the tower burst due to high temperatures, but despite reasonable fears, the tower survived. The cables were subsequently restored.

The observation deck on the Ostankino TV tower was repaired and reopened to the public on April 7, 2009.

On August 12, 2012, engineer Lev Shushkevich died as a result of a false alarm of the fire extinguishing system at the Ostankino TV tower.

As you all probably already know, in April 2009, 9 years after the fire, the observation deck of the Ostankino TV tower was finally restored. Special attention deserve rules for visiting the TV tower. To start, prepare 500 rubles per person on weekdays or 600 rubles on weekends. Don’t forget to recruit a group of 30 people, write down everyone’s passport details and transfer the data to the security service a few days before the visit. You should also keep in mind that women with obvious signs of pregnancy, children under 12 years of age and adults over 70 years of age are not allowed on the observation deck at all. If your child is between 12 and 14 years old, a foreign passport is required (an identification document with a photo is required). Oh yes, I completely forgot, payment for the visit must be made in advance, and only on weekdays. Thus, it is simply not possible to get to the observation deck simply by walking past.

Further, if you nevertheless paid for the visit and showed up at the appointed time, an exciting inspection process awaits you. Your passport will be checked several times. You'll get plastic card with the barcode and head to the gateway. This is a security check area where entry is strictly one person at a time. Customs control at the airport even looks simpler.

Well, finally all the difficulties are over, and you find yourself at the base of the tower. There is a small museum here and you will be given a short excursion into the history of the tower.

After you have examined all the exhibits of the museum, you will be shown a movie about safety precautions and rules of conduct during evacuation. And then in small groups of about 6 people on the new ThyssenKrupp elevator in 1 minute you will be raised to a height of 337 meters.

And finally you are at the top. I can really say that there are much more sensations and impressions on a 350-meter telemast. As for photography, it was extremely unsuccessful. The only thing worse than getting up here at 11 o'clock in the afternoon is midday. But the main thing is that, frankly speaking, there is nothing to see. Only VDNKh is nearby, and the city center is somewhere very far away. Okay, let's see what we can see from here.

For example, VDNH, st. Academician Korolev and Mira Avenue.

Boat station on Ostankino pond.

CHPP-23 in Golyanovo.

City of astronauts.

Park pond in Ostankino park.

Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Ostankino and part of the Ostankino Palace.

Hardware-studio complex No. 1 of the Ostankino Television Center.

52nd microdistrict Marfino.

Oak Grove.

Moscow-Butyrskaya station, the Gaudi Arena club in a former elevator and a drive-in cinema to the right.

Moscow City.

View towards Leningradsky Prospekt. Residential complex "Triumph Palace" and residential complex "Airbus".

Parking.

Ostankino state farm for ornamental gardening.

“Houses on Begovaya”, Dynamo stadium, Znamya Truda engineering plant and the Grand Park residential area.

CHPP-25 in Ochakovo in the background, residential complex "Edelweiss" on Kutuzovsky and "Houses on Begovaya".

Federal State unitary enterprise"State Research, Design and Construction Institute of Mining and Metallurgy of Non-Ferrous Metals."

Ostankino overpass on Sheremetyevskaya street.

VDNKh with the international exhibition complex “Russia” built in 2008.

The main feature of the observation deck since time immemorial is a small piece of glass floor. Many people avoid it :)

Construction is underway in the center residential complex"Marfino", on the left you can see the overpass of the Moscow monorail.

Ogorodny passage, Ostankino meat processing plant, to the right is the Ostankino brewery and microdistricts of the Butyrsky district.

Academician Koroleva Street and Mira Avenue.

Bigger. The Cosmos Hotel and the obelisk “To the Conquerors of Space”, Cosmonauts Street goes into the distance.

Meanwhile, life continues on earth.

6th trolleybus depot on Zvezdny Boulevard.

Residential complex "Seventh Heaven" under construction.

"Aerolift" for an air excursion. If you don’t have binoculars with you, then there are paid binoculars at your service, which are currently working in test mode.

Now they will tell you that your time is up because you are late (of course, until the whole group goes through security one by one - half an hour passes) and will send you downstairs.

This concludes our excursion to the Ostankino TV tower. Despite all the difficulties, this is the most accessible high-rise building within the city for tourists.

Ostankino television tower

The Ostankino TV Tower is the main symbol of Russian television and a significant tourist attraction in Moscow and throughout Russia. Ostankino TV Tower is a television and radio broadcasting tower located in Moscow. Today, in terms of its height, it is the fourth tallest free-standing structure in the world after the Burj Dubai skyscraper (Dubai), the Guangzhou TV Tower (Guangzhou) and the CN Tower (Toronto) and the first in Europe and Asia.
photo "The tallest buildings in the world"
Exact figures: height - 540 m (initially the height of the tower was 533 m, but then a flagpole was added), weight of the tower together with the foundation - 51,400 tons, total volume of premises and high-rise structures - 70,000 m³. The usable area of ​​the tower premises is 15,000 m². Theoretically, the maximum top of the tower can deflect by 12 meters. The open observation deck is located at an altitude of 340 meters.
Structurally, the tower consists of three parts of the foundation, a reinforced concrete shaft 385 meters high and a 155-meter steel tubular support for antennas. From a distance she seems fragile, weightless. But grace is only apparent. Judge for yourself: the weight of the tower is more than 55 thousand tons!
The foundation of the tower is a ten-sided reinforced concrete slab in the form of a washer with an average diameter of 60 meters, a width of 9.5 meters and a depth in the ground of only 3.5 meters.
The television tower in Ostankino has 45 floors. It also has several circular platforms and balconies. Ground floor contains an exhibition on the history of the tower and a gallery of its creators. The base of the trunk is a reinforced concrete cone 63 meters high, supported by ten inclined supports. The height of each “leg” is 17 meters, and the thickness at the edges is only 50 centimeters. It is here, on the 17 floors of the conical part, that the lobby, equipment rooms of radio and television transmitting stations, built-in transformer electrical substations, various technical floors are located, including the kitchen and utility shops of the restaurant. All technical rooms are isolated from visitors. They not only have separate entrance, but also access through an underground passage. The main hall, which houses television transmitters, is located on the 5th floor of the tower. This is a spacious room with round windows with a diameter of 4.5 meters, where there are television transmitters broadcasting 11 television programs. And on the 6th floor there is a technical floor, where VHF radio broadcast transmitters are located, designed to transmit 9 programs simultaneously. The center's personnel are protected from powerful electromagnetic radiation from transmitters by screens made of special materials. On the 7th floor, radio and television control rooms are located around the internal circular corridor. The remaining area was given over to separate television and radio services.
In addition to broadcasting radio and television programs, the television tower performs a number of other functions. Here is the long-distance and international television service, from the control room of which Central Television programs are transmitted via radio relay lines, cable lines and space communication lines to all foreign countries. Through the same lines, television programs from television centers in the country and from abroad arrive at the tower.
But that's not all. At an altitude of 243 - 248 meters in a two-story section there is a communication service with mobile television stations and stationary television points. Muscovites have probably noticed on the city streets more than once large buses with blue lightning bolts and orange TV letters on the sides. These are mobile television stations (PTS), from where journalists report from the scene. PTS signals are “caught” by the Ostankino TV tower. Here, several special antennas are installed on the open circular balcony. Operators “target” them to areas where PTS have gone. The service's equipment allows you to receive television broadcasts from theaters, concert halls, stadiums and other facilities. There is also a hardware communications service "Altai" for organizing radiotelephone communications with mobile objects. There are many such cars in the capital now. Their portable radio stations also send their signals to the transmitting and receiving antennas of the television tower, and from there they enter the city telephone network. The tower has another interesting profession. Ostankino TV Tower is a high-altitude hydrometeorological observatory in Moscow. From the point of view of meteorologists, this is a unique weather balloon that makes it possible to study the atmosphere over a huge city. At seven heights of the television tower, yards with sensors are installed. In automatic mode, they measure weather data and send them to a computer center for processing. The meteorological service has its own recording instruments, hardware, consoles... There is even equipment on the tower that registers lightning strikes at its top. The protection here is reliable, however, on average, lightning strikes its tip about 50 times a year.
Only some objects of the Ostankino television tower are open to tourists. These are three observation platforms, the highest of which is located at an altitude of 337 meters, a 3-story restaurant “Seventh Heaven” and a balcony. At an altitude of 337 meters there is an observation deck with a diameter of 21 meters. The site itself is a wide ring-shaped glass gallery, from where a panorama of the whole of Moscow opens. Some segments of the observation deck have glass in the floor, allowing you to look straight down. Oddly enough, the best time to view Moscow from here is not on a sunny day, but on a cloudy, dry day with high clouds. Then the luminous haze disappears, hiding distant areas, and the outlines of streets and houses appear clearly, sharply, as in an engraving. There is an observation deck in the center. High-speed elevators take visitors to the observation deck of the TV tower. On this moment 5 out of 7 elevators operate in the TV tower: 4 high-speed elevator concern ThyssenKrupp and one official from the Shcherbinsky elevator building plant. ShchLZ also designed one of two elevators, which should be located in the antenna part of the television tower. Two passenger ones: 1) The elevator speed is high - 7 m/s, however, the entire ascent takes almost a minute. The rate of ascent is almost unnoticeable, except that your ears get stuffy, like on an airplane. In one flight, the elevator cabin lifts 10 - 12 people, load capacity - 1050 kg, number of stops - 13. 2) Cargo-passenger, speed - 7 m/s, load capacity - 1050 kg, number of stops - 47. But in addition to elevators, intended for sightseers, there are also special elevators. One of them is designed for lifting food products to a high-rise restaurant, speed - 4 m/s, load capacity - 500 kg, number of stops - 9. The motors of high-speed elevators are installed at 360 and 364 meters. The speed of elevators can be automatically reduced based on signals from sensors that control the amplitude of the tower's swing. The elevators are also equipped with a unique system in which contactless transmission of electricity into the elevator cabin is carried out due to inductive energy transfer, based on the principle of a transformer. For this purpose, elements of inductive energy transmission are placed in the shaft, and current collectors are located on the cabin.
You can rise higher into the steel spire only using a special elevator with a lifting capacity of only 200 kg. At the moment, there is only one service elevator, No. 5, located in the stylobate of the tower. Elevators No. 6 and No. 7, located above the observation deck and extending to approximately 450 meters, are currently turned off and their restoration may not be planned, due to the fact that the elevator shafts are clogged with cables and feeders.
The upper section of the tower is cylindrical. What the human eye perceives as a needle from the ground is nothing more than a 155-meter metal spire crowning the tower. The antenna is made of low-alloy steel and is divided into six sections of different diameters: five - tubular sections with a diameter of 400 to 700 millimeters. The last one, the top one, is box-shaped. A solid antenna, closed on all sides, unlike lattice antennas, has the main advantage - it can accommodate valuable equipment without a single drop of rain falling on it. Such an antenna had to be mounted from separate sections - the drawer had to be in a horizontal position on the ground. Then the tower was dismantled and lifted up in separate sections.
From the observation deck you can go down the stairs to the famous restaurant "Seventh Heaven" at an altitude of 328-334 m. The restaurant "Seventh Heaven" after restoration, the opening of the restaurant really caused a great stir among residents and guests of the city. Among the best panoramic restaurants in Moscow, Seventh Heaven takes first place. It is the most visited by both tourists and residents of the capital. Many tourists come to tour the tower after restoration. Despite the fact that two years ago there was not enough money for the opening and restoration, and the company that took on this business became bankrupt, today the restaurant in the Ostankino tower is open. Most architects shared their doubts about the restoration of the observation decks and restaurant, but all these difficulties were overcome. Before the opening, all banquets were held in the Royal Concert Hall, which was designed for 100 guests and was located at the very base of the Ostankino Tower. After opening, the restaurant surprised its visitors with its variety.
After renovations due to the fire, Seventh Heaven now has more elegance, modernity and taste. In three large rooms with almost the same layout, tables are located along the windows along the entire perimeter. This location was planned so that guests could comfortably admire the panorama of the city. Today, the halls, as before, rotate around their axis, and at the same speed - once or twice an hour. Each of the three halls provides a different kind of service. In one of the halls, called “Height”, there are cafes offering delicious food and fast service guests. The service staff here is very attentive. “Russian Diamond” is a classical-style hall located above “Vysota”, created especially for lovers of fine cuisine. “Jupiter”, which occupies the third hall, is located on two tiers. There is also an observation deck with a telescope and a “cognac room”. When visiting a restaurant, tourists receive double pleasure: from a panoramic view and from delicious food. The pleasant, quiet and calm atmosphere, polite and friendly staff make the evening unforgettable, be it a romantic date or a simple meal.
The concert hall of the Ostankino TV tower "Korolevsky" is located in the building of the excursion building, which houses the directorate of the Moscow regional center of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network". During the operation of the observation deck, the concert hall was used as a cinema hall to show videos about the Ostankino Tower, Ostankino and television. Nowadays, the Korolevsky Concert Hall hosts concerts, theatrical performances, seminars and other events.
There are many interesting facts associated with the Ostankino Tower.
The tower holds unusual competitions, namely a race to a height of 337 meters. The record remains unbroken at 11 minutes and 55 seconds. And on the 40th anniversary of the tower, base jumpers made their dizzying jumps from it. BASE jumping is one of the most dangerous extreme sports. Its name comes from the English abbreviation B. A. S. E - the first letters of the words building (building), antenna (antenna), span (bridge), earth (in in this case- natural relief). It is from these four types of objects that basers jump.
On October 10, 2014, the opening ceremony of the annual light festival “Circle of Light” took place on Ostankino Pond. Using light and laser projections, as well as latest technology- media façade, the TV tower has been transformed into all the famous towers of the world - the Eiffel, Tokyo, Sydney Tower and others. The show ended with an incredibly beautiful fireworks display. Everyone knows that the Ostankino TV Tower became the main character of the Circle of Light festival. The capital authorities decided not to dismantle the illumination of the TV tower after the end of the festival; the illumination will change once a season.

So, let's travel back in time and find out how this magical Ostankino TV tower was built.
One night in 1958, in one of the communal apartments in a remote area of ​​Moscow, the young engineer Nikolai Nikitin went to bed. Perhaps he dreamed of his native Siberian town of Ishim, where he lived as a boy before the revolution. The tallest building that I saw in it was the snow-white building of the city government, and above it the fire tower proudly rises into the sky. Today, there are five floors, no more. Half a century later, on that Moscow night, the engineer Nikitin needed to come up with a building 36 times taller than the Ishimvskaya Kalanchuga. Place it vertically for half a kilometer so that it doesn’t fall. The task is extremely difficult, and for the 50s of the twentieth century, incredible. But Moscow needs a TV tower. Nikitin is tormented by the problem of how to put it on the ground, not balancing it with a giant base, but gracefully and beautifully. There is no place to wait for help. And suddenly Nikolai Nikitin, right in the middle of the night, gets an idea.
By the time of the Khrushchev Thaw, Moscow was watching TV through the Shukhov Tower. An openwork beauty on Shabolovka built back in the 20s. Back then, before the invention of television, the tower transmitted only radio broadcasts. At the beginning of the century, Vladimir Shukhov's hyperboloid was considered an engineering masterpiece. (photo "Shukhov Tower") His idea made it possible to stretch a light, elegant structure 10 meters in height. Shukhov came up with the hyperboloid in such a way that there was always a basket for papers wicker from willow on his desk. Either he kept blank sheets in it, or he threw in a bad option. One day, Shukhov returned to his work table and saw that the cleaning lady had turned the basket over and placed a pot of ficus on top. The heavy pot stood on a wicker basket as if it weighed nothing. In the engineer’s head, as if from a willow tree, a hyperboloid tower was intertwined. Interior design, performed without a named cleaning lady, launched the history of Soviet television and radio broadcasting. The construction of the tower began in 1920; it seemed that this was not the time for experiments. Civil war is raging in the east of the country, but Soviet power a powerful propaganda mouthpiece was needed. Construction continued intermittently for two years. In the fierce winter of 22. When lifting one of the sections, three workers died. Vladimir Shukhov, regardless of his past merits, was sentenced to death. Well, someone needed to finish the tower, so the real execution of Shukhov was replaced by a conditional one, with a delay until the end of construction. And when the tower was completed, in record time, the verdict was completely canceled, they even gave the Lenin Prize. After the launch of television broadcasting, broadcasts were carried out only 12 times a month, and lasted an hour. The tower started working and in every village, a talking plate and radio appeared on the pole. And in March 1939 Television broadcasts also began in the USSR; more than 100 televisions hired them. But by the end of the 50s, there were expected to be more than 100 televisions. The quality of broadcasting could only be improved with the help of a more powerful transmitter. The Shukhov Tower, which faithfully served Moscow television viewers, could no longer cope; a new tower was needed, a tall one.
Moscow by that time had become a very big city. They want to cover not only Moscow, but also the Moscow region with a signal from the new tower. Therefore, it is calculated that the height of the tower should be 500 meters and no less. The Moscow TV tower could have appeared in the very center on the spit, where Peter is now, it could have appeared on the Kropotkinskaya embankment, and at the Kaluga outpost, but the most real option in Cheryomushki. Cheryomushki at that time was the main creation of Khrushchev, the city planner. The whole area is filled with Khrushchev buildings, albeit unsightly, but with happy owners of their own apartments inside. This is the newest Moscow and where else if not in such Moscow to install a transmitter of the most modern signal. But the Vnukovo airport is nearby, the tower can interfere with planes, and there’s not much room for it in Cheryomushki. There is rapid construction all around, every square meter on account. But as it turns out by miracle, it turns out that there is not much space for the tallest tower in the world. Finally everyone converges on the Ostankino area. What's here? But here there is nothing! Vegetable gardens, vacant lots and the Sheremetyevsky Palace. For Nikolai Nikitin there is one “BUT!” Engineers are required to ensure that a tall and heavy tower rests on a rock, rock, no matter how deep it lies. In the Ostankino area, the rock was under 40 meter layers of clay, so the tower had to be buried 40 meters underground. For Nikitin, this is not beautiful, which means it is not an acceptable solution. The deadlines are running out, critics are not asleep, the clock is ticking, Nikitin only has 3 days left. And on the night of 1958, an epiphany occurs, as it turns out that nature and the surrounding world inspire not only poets. Nikolai Nikitin comes up with the Ostankino Tower in the image and likeness of the Lily, an inverted lily flower - a thick stem turning into powerful supporting petals.
photo 3 "Nikolai Nikitin comes up with the Ostankino Tower 1,2,3)
These petals should cling to the ground like an Eagle's paw, such a change of metaphor. And hold on tight, because on top there are 500 meters and 55 thousand tons of reinforced concrete. Nikitin's colleagues laugh at his idea: What lily? Which Eagle? Where has it been seen that half a kilometer stood on four struts. To which Nikitin replied: “Where is the 500-meter tower seen? That’s the point: nowhere!” And Nikitin’s main argument is that a person has an even smaller area of ​​support on his feet, but apparently he doesn’t fall. Of course he doesn't fall if he walks firmly.
On Soviet television, despite the black and white image, the pictures passed through a special red filter. To prevent the presenters’ complexion from being distorted, they painted their lips with green lipstick.
While still a teenager, young Kolya Nikitin stepped barefoot on a viper in the forest. The poison entered the leg instantly, then the hospital, the threat of amputation, refusal and a miracle. For forty years Nikitin did not remember this incident and this was the main project of his life. From the stress of the family, an ulcer opens in the leg. Nikitin is sent to the hospital, but his leg is amputated. Having been discharged, Nikitin manages to convince his colleagues that the romantic idea of ​​the Ostankino Tower does not contradict common sense. The trunk does not have to be buried in the ground, you need to correctly place the center of gravity and make sure that the long concrete structure held on tight. Nikitin has an elegant and witty solution to this. This skirt may seem decorative, but it is the center of gravity of the entire tower. Thanks to him, she, like Vanka-Vstanka, will not fall even if she staggers. 150 steel cables were strung inside the tower. They pulled the tower from the base to the top, and to be sure they were smeared with Pushkin's lard. Now they will definitely not rust.
By then build high rise buildings learned. Climb into the tower crane and build at least all Cheryomushki, without interruption. But not at such a height, and there are no such cranes, and the tower builds itself. A unique self-lifting unit is being created for it. Meter by meter he builds up concrete, the unit climbs higher and higher.
Any Nikitin project haunted *kind* colleagues for a long time. Another collective letter on the topic “prospective fall of the tower” stopped construction in 1961. According to legend, Nikita Khrushchev became the green light. He personally came to the construction site, looked around, lit up and joked: “But, comrades, let’s stick a needle in the capitalists?!” . Behind all the tricks and inventions, there is the figure of Nikolai Nikitin. The builders themselves called the tower “Nikolaevna” out of respect for the chief engineer.
Finally, by 1966, the concrete base of the tower was finished, and a long antenna had to be installed on it. It was loaded with the help of helicopters, but a piece of the antenna that was not sufficiently secured broke off due to the wind and flew down. Tens of meters of metal structures collapsed to the ground. Everyone survived and the antenna was reattached. This incident did not affect Nikitin’s reputation in any way.
August 9, 1966, when the tower was not completed, but the glory was already rushing. Nikitin received a letter from Japan with an offer of cooperation. They offered Nikitin to build a building this time four kilometers high. People have always wanted to climb as high as possible. Science fiction writers and futurists throughout the 20th century predicted entire cities that would go to the stars. The visionary engineer Nikolai Nikitin liked such ideas. Whether the Japanese proposal was an adventure or not is unknown. But Nikitin was seriously carried away, he sent a detailed study and began to wait. When the height of the building was reduced by 8 times during the negotiations, Nikitin lost interest, but only in the Japanese. Incredible ideas were born in the engineer's head. As a result, he designed a city of three hundred storey buildings for 200 million inhabitants and placed it in the Yalta region, which the current residents of Crimea would clearly like.
Meanwhile, 1967 came, the October Revolution turned 50 years old. And the USSR strove to show everything it was capable of; the Ostankino Tower was an excellent means for this.
Sections of the glass floor were made on the observation deck, following the example of the Canadian television tower CN TOWER in Toronto. There are 6 such sections, they are made of 3-layer armored glass and each section can withstand 3 tons of impact load. The enemy of the tower is the sun; due to one-sided heating, the trunk could shift and bend. It was precisely to reduce deformation from constant attacks, cooling, and winds that Nikitin pulled his 150 cables. On the southern, warm side they are stretched more than on the northern side and the tower remains straight. Until 1975, the Ostankino TV Tower was the tallest building in the world. And only after the appearance of the Canadian television tower with a height of 553.3 m, built in Toronto, it moved into second place. It was a unique structure of that time. In addition to the fact that the Ostankino Tower became the tallest building in the world, its technical capabilities were amazing. The tower provided not only the broadcast of radio and television programs throughout Moscow and the Moscow region, but also their distribution to other cities of the country, through a complex of radio relay equipment. In addition, the tower’s equipment made it possible to simultaneously broadcast and record from dozens of different objects. The television center experienced a particular workload in 1980, during the 22nd Summer Olympic Games. Equipment from the CNN news channel was even specially placed on it. All Nikitin’s ideas have justified themselves, the tower stands and stands, and it is not afraid of anything except the people exploiting it. The main test for the Ostankino Tower was August 27, 2000. As a result of a short circuit, a fire broke out and these images were seen by the whole world. Of the 150 Nikitin cables, only 19 remained as a result of the fire, so the structure stood for several years and nothing happened. This means that the tower was not afraid of being left without steel seams. Apparently the tenacious eagle paws hold the tower of the earth tightly and the reinforced concrete grip does not weaken even with age. According to chief engineer Alexander Demyanov, after reconstruction, the height of the Ostankino TV tower will reach 562 m. The height will increase by 22 m by replacing the flagpole with additional antennas - their installation will make it possible to improve the quality of broadcasting and increase the area of ​​reliable TV signal reception. There are already doubts that soon there will be only television left in the world. But even if the torrent or video hosting services overcome the on-air signal, the tower will still remain sticking out like the Ostankino needle. Firstly, it is a monument to an engineering exhibition and talents, and secondly, it is so huge, where can you put it? Let it be worth it))).

Photo "Ostankino TV tower"
Ostankino is one of the most famous and mystical places in Moscow.

One of the most mysterious corners of Moscow is the vicinity of the Ostankino television center. The small building of the television center, the Ostankino tower and several residential buildings in the area were built on the site of an ancient cemetery. According to archaeological research, in ancient times there was still a pagan temple where sacrifices were made. In the 17th century there was a small German cemetery here, and in 1746 a morgue and another cemetery were transferred here from Bozhedomka, where killed and unidentified people were brought. Ten years later, an ordinary cemetery was opened here, named after the cemetery church of Lazarus - Lazarevsky.

HUMPBACKED WOMAN: A strange old woman, a hunchback, is often found here. She appears near the TV tower, and then slowly and silently walks to the nearby palace ensemble and hides behind a high fence.
The old woman first appeared in Ostankino in 1558, when the area was owned by boyar Alexei Sotin. He just wanted to plow up the wasteland on which the palace is now located, when a hunchbacked soothsayer appeared to him and predicted: “Don’t you dare plow up, don’t disturb this land. It’s not for nothing that she’s called Ostankina. Human remains lie here. If you touch it, disaster will be inevitable.” The boyar laughed and drove the old woman away. And in vain. Three days later, while passing by Ivan IV the Terrible, Alexey Sotin was executed.

The next owner of Ostankino was the German guardsman Orn. Local residents spoke about him with horror. At night he organized demonic games in his domain, and during the day he tore open old graves, apparently looking for treasure. And a hunchback appeared to him, threatened him with a stick and said: “Calm down, cursed will be your name and your whole family!” The foreign guardsman did not listen and soon committed a terrible crime. By decree of Ivan the Terrible, overseas merchants brought a ring enchanted with a mysterious sign of the “universe”. Ornn took the ring, killed the merchants and buried it along with the treasures among ancient graves. Grozny found out about what had happened and sent guards for Orn, but the foreigner managed to hide in the Ostankino swamps, where he eventually perished.

The next appearance of the prophetess occurred during the reign of Paul I. After visiting the island of Malta, the Russian emperor visited the Ostankino estate. By this time, the famous Sheremetev Palace already stood here. No one could understand how the soothsayer was able to get through the vigilant imperial guard. They wanted to drive her away, but Pavel stopped the guards and talked for a long time with the old woman alone. Then he summoned Count Sheremetev and sadly told him: “Now I know when I will be killed.” On the night of March 12, 1801, the emperor was strangled.

During Patriotic War In 1812, Ostankino was occupied by units of the French general Orne. The general came to the estate several times and forced soldiers to conduct excavations in the area of ​​​​ancient burials. Locals They were sure that the French general was a descendant of a foreign guardsman and was looking for the treasures of murdered merchants buried by his ancestor. The general did not find the treasure and, disappointed, left the estate...

The grandson of the Emperor Alexander II came to Ostankino in 1856. The historical chronicle reads: “On August 18, the Sovereign Emperor with the Empress and their august children made the village of Ostankino happy with their arrival. They drove straight to the church, where they listened to prayers proclaiming many years to their Majesties and the entire royal house.” On the threshold of the Ostankino Palace, Alexander stumbled, but stayed on his feet, as if someone had given him a hand. It turned out to be the ghost of that same grandmother-witch. The old woman muttered: “You, good Sovereign Father, will rule for 25 years, and an atheist, an evil hostile, will destroy you...” And then she disappeared. The emperor remembered the prophet’s prediction only in February 1880, when the terrorist Stepan Khalturin made an attempt on his life. In March 1881, the old woman’s prediction came true: a bomb from a revolutionary Narodnaya Volya blew up the emperor’s carriage.

Sheremetev liked to give his theater actors pseudonyms based on the names of precious stones: Granatova, Biryuzova, Almazov... But the real pearl was Praskovya Kovaleva, to whom he gave the pseudonym Zhemchugova.
The count first saw her when the young eleven-year-old serf actress played a small role in one of the plays. The count, struck by her beauty, gave Praskovya her freedom, and later married her. But their happiness did not last long. One evening, pregnant Praskovya met an old hunchback woman in the dark corridors of the palace and realized that this meeting was not good. “Today you received two plays,” the old woman spoke. - Don’t take on two roles at once. Both here and there you want to play dead women, and where there are two dead women on stage, you want to be the third in reality. At that time, Zhemchugova was rehearsing two roles: Ophelia and Cleopatra. But the audience never saw these productions. Praskovya died a few days after the birth of her son.

After her death, there was a peak in suicides in the Ostankino troupe. The performers were barely “taught” with rods in the stables; they often suffered from consumption, suffered and eventually committed suicide. They drowned themselves in Ostankino ponds. On the site of these ponds today there is a small building of the ASK-3 television center, where the editorial offices and technical studios of the ORT, NTV, TV-6 and other television channels are located. And on the site of the other two ponds, high-rise buildings were built. Nowadays suicides are often committed in these houses (statistics).

The mysterious old hunchbacked woman still appears in Ostankino today. Sometimes telecentre workers meet her, rushing to work in the morning, or returning home late in the evening. After such meetings, they complain of terrible headaches that do not go away for several days.

They say that the old soothsayer has chosen a “quiet zone” for herself, as the employees of the television center call the exclusion zone above the equipment and studio blocks, where everyone’s favorite talk shows are filmed. Stories are told that there are energy holes in the “quiet zone”. Once, one of the video engineers, after many hours of editing, went out to smoke and went into one of the corridors of this very “quiet zone”. His vision immediately swam, he lost consciousness, and woke up... in Sokolniki!

STORMING THE TV CENTER: The ghost of the soothsayer was seen several more times. In October 1993, a few days before the assault on the television center, a grandmother appeared late in the evening with a cane and kept trying to sneak past the guards. The guard detained the old woman: “Where can I go without a pass?” And she raised her whitish eyesores at the guy, sniffed and said: “It smells like blood in here!” And she disappeared.
FIRE IN THE TOWER: TV journalist Timofey Bazhenov said that he saw an old woman before the famous fire on the TV tower. A few days before the tragedy, the hunchback waved a stick at him and said: “It smells like burning here, it smells like smoke here.” (site about the secrets of Moscow-xmoscow.narod.ru)

At the Ostankino TV tower
st. Academician Koroleva, 15, bldg. 2
From 10.00 to 21.00 inclusive
- an open area at an altitude of 340 meters is open from May to October and only in good weather
- closed area at an altitude of 337 meters - all year round
You can get there only as part of excursions that take place every hour, that is, visiting time is limited.
You must have your ID with you.
Children - only over 7 years old.
Price: 980 rubles for an adult ticket, 480 for children (at 10.00 and 11.00 on weekdays, adults 600 rubles, children 300). Photo and video shooting is free.