A modern country house is unthinkable without effective functioning engineering systems. Comfortable conditions mean reliable water, gas and electricity supply, as well as high-quality heating and sewerage. In addition, in order to create conditions in the house that meet hygienic requirements, it is necessary to take care of the organization of the ventilation system. The organization that carries out the development of the project engineering communications, must have a license for this type of activity.

Sewer network project - choosing the type of system

When developing an engineering communications project country house one of the most important parts is given to the design of external sewer networks. At the same time, the volume of wastewater that the system will divert daily is calculated. In addition, average indicators in the operation of the drainage system are also calculated. By analyzing the data obtained, engineers determine what is the optimal capacity of the sewer storage tank, as well as what type of sewer system should be used (a septic tank or a station that provides autonomous biological treatment).

When developing an external sewerage project for a house in without fail takes into account the average indicators of the volume of storm water in the region. When determining the volume of the sewer reservoir, experts proceed from the fact that it is more rational to exceed this indicator, since if the indicator is underestimated, further measures will have to be taken to redo the system for discharging polluted effluents.

A separate part of the project of sewer networks is given to the development of a project for laying sewer communications inside the house, which also includes the placement of sanitary equipment.

Water supply project - autonomous water supply systems

If it is possible to connect the house to a centralized water supply, the development of a project for a house with utilities is simplified, since the task is to develop the location of the pipeline system and coordinate this part of the project with the authority (Vodokanal) responsible for supplying water to the population.

With the standard design of an autonomous water supply system at home, it is currently planned to install the following special equipment:

• a pump that will take water from a well,
• water purification unit
• accumulator,
• piping system of the external water supply network,
• piping system of the internal water supply network.

Engineering and technical documentation of the water supply system is presented in the form of diagrams, which represent detailed information about how hot and cold water will be supplied to consumers.

Types of work in the design of gas supply at home

Work on the design of engineering communications for gas supply at home is carried out in several stages:

• At the beginning of work on the project to provide access to the main gas pipeline, specialists design organization must inspect the object, determine its features, calculate the planned gas consumption for the year and the consumption limit.
• At the next stage, pipes are laid, through which gas will flow to the house and the gas pressure is determined at the entrance to the customer's house.
• The features of laying an external gas supply network are determined, which will ensure the connection of the house with the gas main.
• Development of a project for gas control units that provide the possibility of lowering the gas pressure at the inlet.
• Development of a gas purification system (filter installations).
• Drawing up drawings.
• Obtaining approval from the gas company to which the connection is planned.

Development of a project for a heating system for a country house

When designing the heating system of a country house, the task of creating a heating system for a house is necessarily set, which should be distinguished by optimal efficiency. When drawing up a competent heating system project, a specialized company, as a rule, offers different variants, which are considered the most effective in specific conditions.

If it is possible to connect to the main gas pipeline, then the connection scheme will be designed for connection to it. If there is no gas line, then it is necessary to determine what type of fuel is supposed to be used to ensure the functioning of the heating system.

The project specifies all special equipment and places where it will be placed. If you plan to install a universal boiler, then you can use different types fuel. However, experts recommend installing specialized heating boilers, which are designed to operate on a certain type of fuel (for example, solid fuel, liquid fuel boilers).

At present, boilers are popular that provide heating of air and its transfer through pipes. Such devices work on solid fuel (wood, briquettes). Experts note that this is a highly efficient equipment.

An underfloor heating system can also be used to create a heating system in a house. But in order to create an effective heating system in a country house using underfloor heating, it will be necessary to ensure the sealing of the adjoining windows to window openings, as well as to carry out measures for thermal insulation of all rooms.

Ventilation design - ensuring a normal air environment

is one of the most important systems normal functioning which ensures the condition of the air environment in accordance with hygienic requirements. When drawing up a ventilation project, the type is determined that will allow this system to function with the greatest efficiency. Therefore, a particularly important part of the design of this system is the selection of special equipment. An accurate calculation of the air distribution network is necessarily carried out, an exact scheme of the ventilation system and a specification for the equipment are drawn up.

Thus, the project of communications of a private house is an obligatory part project documentation house, which must be developed by specialists and pass all the necessary approvals before construction begins.

Video - Engineering communications for a country house

Building a house is not an easy task, and before starting it, it is necessary to draw up an initial design of the house. An important part of design is communication. Drawing up a separate project of engineering systems help to avoid mistakes during construction and installation. Such a design will save time, allow you to calculate in advance the most secure and suitable configuration of communication systems in the house. The project of engineering communications is necessarily drawn up during the construction of large structures and large private houses.

Is it possible to do without the design of engineering systems?

If the area of ​​the house is less than 150 m 2, then the complex design of engineering systems is not necessary, although it will be an excellent help during the installation process. If the project of the house is typical, then such a house with high probability basic package solutions for installing communications are suitable. In the case of a non-standard layout of the house and other nuances related to the location and weather conditions, the design of engineering systems and networks will help to remain confident in the reliability of the communication networks being carried out.

The larger the area, the greater the responsibility

If a small house does not require mandatory preliminary design, then when building a house with an area of ​​​​over 150 m 2, it is better to immediately order engineering systems design services– more communication means a large number of small elements and non-obvious nuances. This way you will protect the house from potentially unsuccessful installation decisions that will lead to the early need for repair and replacement of various communication nodes. Incorrect location of outlets, inconvenient and inefficient distribution of hot water, an ill-conceived heating system and air jams in the sewer are just some of what can be avoided with timely miscalculation of engineering systems.

Components of the engineering systems project

Engineering communication systems is a loose concept. When ordering a professional design of engineering systems for a home, you receive a set of documents, including:

A well-thought-out wiring plan, including the selection of the type of machines for the electrical panel;

Calculation of heating systems, taking into account the heat loss of the house and the available type of fuel;

A well-developed plan of the water supply system, taking into account the points of water intake and supply of hot water;

Calculation of the location and slopes of sewer pipes, calculation of the required volume of a septic tank depending on the number of people living;

A complete and detailed estimate for equipment and materials, as well as their cost for each element.

All of the above are essential components for a comfortable year-round living in a country house. You may also need to:

Installation plan of a ventilation system with the possibility of recuperation for fresh air inflow and reduction of heat loss at home;

Layout plan for the elements of the "smart home" system: video cameras, security sensors, control panels, and so on.

Why is it worth ordering an engineering systems design service?

As practice shows, without an exact design, the need for rework arises in 100% of cases, and construction teams always play it safe and order more materials than actually required for installation. As a result, you risk increasing expenses by up to 30% of the original budget. The cost of designing engineering systems is easy to calculate: the power supply project costs 240 rubles per m 2 , A heating (together with the boiler room), water supply, ventilation and sewerage - 400 rubles per m 2 . Approximate design cost for a 200m house 2 will amount to 128,000 rubles- this is much less than the average budget overrun when installing communications without a project. Thus, you will not only avoid unnecessary costs, but also receive a technical passport for all the engineering systems of your home: you will know where everything is, which machine is responsible for what, and so on. The project of engineering systems will also allow you to control the work of installation specialists at the facility and compare the actual work performed with the plan.

You can order the design of engineering systems in Moscow and the region at GWDE. Our designers are specialists with 20 years of experience: more than 200 country house engineering projects have been successfully implemented according to their drawings.

Save your time and money - contact the professionals from GWDE and get a project of engineering systems in a week!

Designing brick house For permanent residence, it is very important to competently and reasonably approach the issue of equipping it with engineering systems, since even the most best home uninhabitable without electricity, water supply and sewerage.

The power supply system of the house is, without exaggeration, the most important engineering system of the house. The plumbing and sewerage can, in the worst case, be replaced by a well and a characteristic wooden structure in the yard, but living in a house is completely impossible without electricity. It should be said right away that it is best to entrust the performance of electrical work to a specialized organization that has permission and a license for these types of activities, since only in this case there will be no problems with the acceptance of the house's power supply system for operation by regulatory authorities. It should be taken into account that the results of electrical installation work are carefully monitored by authorized structures.

But if the desire to independently master the difficult science of electrical installation has not disappeared, then you should start by studying the PUE (Electrical Installation Rules). This is a fairly extensive set of documents, which describes in detail all the stages and features of the production of electrical work. Next, you should contact your local power supply authorities and obtain specifications(TU) to connect a new house to the district's power system. All further actions depend on the content of this document. Of course, each specific case has its own characteristics, but most often electrical work includes several mandatory components.

First, electricity is supplied from the power line to the house. For this, only self-supporting insulated wire (SIP) is allowed. The supply is carried out by an air line. Permission is required for cable line (i.e. underground) connection local administration for production earthworks and a certificate of the absence of other communications on the territory of the cable. If these documents are available, then a trench 70 cm deep is dug out, a sand cushion is poured into it, on which the cable is laid. From above, it is closed with a layer of brick, flat slate or specially processed boards. Then the signal tape "Caution, cable!" and another layer of sand is poured. And only after that the cable line is covered with a layer of soil.

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Second block electrical work- installation of an introductory machine and an electricity meter at the entrance to the house, which are subsequently sealed by local authorities for the supervision of energy consumption.

The third block is the installation of circuit breakers. When installing circuit breakers, it is necessary to divide consumers as much as possible, that is, install several circuit breakers for different groups of electrical appliances (for example, one circuit breaker for sockets, one for lighting, etc.). All rooms with an increased risk of electric shock should be equipped with residual current devices (RCD). For the bathroom, an RCD with a leakage current of 10 mA is required, for the kitchen, boiler room, etc. - 30 mA.

The fourth block of works includes the installation of electrical wiring, switches, sockets and lamps. it is allowed to make both open (in boxes) and hidden. Open wiring is easier to install, it is easy to add new lines to it, for example, when increasing the number of electrical appliances in a room, but from an aesthetic point of view, it loses a little. Hidden wiring is placed in the wall strobes and covered with a layer of plaster. Thus, only switches and sockets remain on the wall surface. Wiring lines are laid with a double-insulated copper cable, for socket lines - with a cross section of 2.5 square meters. mm, for lighting - 1.5 sq. mm (for example, VVGng 3X2.5 sq. mm or NYM 2.5 sq. mm). Sockets are installed with a grounding contact. In rooms with high humidity, luminaires with a degree of moisture protection of at least IP54 are installed.

At the end of the topic of electrical work, it is worth saying that all of the above is not a sequence of installation work, but simply a list of them. The sequence may change depending on the situation.

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Electricity is not the only thing that needs to be mastered when developing and installing the engineering systems of a private house with your own hands. It is possible to make a house really comfortable and convenient for year-round living only by equipping it with sewerage and water supply systems. Installation of external networks is a separate extensive topic, so we will focus only on the internal wiring of sewer and water pipes. Regulatory document, which you should carefully read before starting work, this is SNiP 2.04.01-85.

The internal wiring of sewer pipes does not depend on whether you plan to use a centralized or autonomous sewer system. Its installation should be carried out in accordance with the project, which is better to order from a specialist or at least show it to a professional plumber before starting work. Pipes for sewerage in Lately use polypropylene. They are very easy to install, strong and durable. They are interconnected with standard seals. For domestic sewage, pipes with a diameter of 50 mm with a minimum slope of 0.025 (normal slope 0.035) are used, for the removal of fecal sewage - pipes with a diameter of 110 mm with a minimum slope of 0.012 (normal slope 0.02).

Branches from plumbing fixtures are laid above the floor, in the floor or along the wall in its lower part, depending on the type of plumbing fixture. Bend line turns should be smooth - at an angle of more than 90 degrees. Pipe sockets are directed against the current.

For risers, pipes of the largest diameter are used, that is, a minimum diameter of 110 mm. Branch pipes are connected to the riser using tees or crosses at angles of 45, 60 and 90 degrees. Technological hatches (the so-called "revisions") are arranged on the risers and separate sections of the outlet pipelines for cleaning.

Engineering communications are various kinds of systems that improve the quality of living in country houses and apartments. Equipment of this type is also installed in shops, offices, industrial premises, etc. The assembly of all types of engineering communications requires thoughtful design and adherence to certain technologies during installation.

Types of engineering communications

There are many types of equipment of this type. Engineering communications are, first of all:

• heating system;
• sewerage;
• ventilation system;
• circuit;
• gas supply;
• cold and hot water supply system.

Design

The construction of utilities begins with the development of detailed schemes for connecting their main elements and the selection of equipment that has the necessary performance characteristics. A network laying project is drawn up, taking into account the layout and architecture of the building. The owners of large houses usually entrust the work of developing schemes to specialists. For a small residential building, for example, a summer house, the project can be drawn up independently. However, when developing it, it is necessary to take into account the standards provided for by SNiP and adhere to fire safety rules.

Electrical connection

Such engineering communications are what is connected in a country house or any other building in the first place. In small buildings, a single-phase electrical network is usually used. The cottages are connected three-phase. The wires are pulled from the nearest power line pole at a height of at least 2.75 m from the ground (3.5 m above the footpaths). They are brought into the building itself in a pipe rack through a roof with grounding. Sometimes an additional pole is used. Through the rooms of the house, wires are pulled in special

Heating system and plumbing

The building is provided with drinking water, as a rule, by drilling a well, installing a submersible pump and laying highways. includes a boiler, which can be gas, solid fuel, diesel or electric, radiators, pipes. Also, when assembling engineering communications of this variety, an expansion tank, a safety group, a circulation pump and various kinds of shut-off valves are used.

Hot water in a private house can be organized simultaneously with the heating system. In this case, a double-circuit engineering communications of this group is installed as follows:

1. Highways run through the premises of the building.
2. Connect radiators.
3. Install a safety group on the supply pipe in the immediate vicinity of the boiler.
4. A circulation pump is also mounted on the return pipe.
5. Connect the lines to the boiler.
6. Connect the return and supply pipes of the system
7. Check equipment for functionality.

Gas supply at home

Cooking stoves, as well as boilers and boilers operating on blue fuel, are connected to the mains only with the permission of the relevant organizations. The same applies to gas holders. It is possible to attach to a cylinder with a plate without preliminary coordination. Connection to highways and a gas tank is also entitled to be made only by licensed specialists. The cost of piping gas to the house depends mainly on how far the centralized pipeline is from it. The same applies to the gas tank. However, in the latter case, the owners will also have to pay for this capacity itself (about 60 thousand rubles).

House sewerage: design and installation

This kind of engineering communications has recently been assembled both in private houses and in summer cottages. The main components of the sewer system are:

• septic tank or cesspool;
• pipeline;
• plumbing equipment in the house itself;
• wiring system.

The septic tank is installed in a pit dug at a distance of at least 5 m from the house. The design of engineering communications of this type is carried out taking into account the fact that pipes from the riser to must be wound with a slope of 2-3 cm per 1 p / m into a trench with a depth below the freezing of the soil. The laying is carried out in such a way that there are no elbows located at an acute angle along the entire length of the line.

As a riser in private houses, a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm is usually used. The toilet is located in close proximity to it. The further it is installed, the greater the likelihood of blockages. The bathroom and sinks are connected to the riser, usually through a lounger. All pipes stretched through the house are closed with special decorative plastic boxes.

Ventilation system

Such building communications have recently become more and more popular. Since even in small country houses airtight plastic windows and modern doors, installation of a ventilation system is in most cases an urgent need. Most often, in country houses, supply and exhaust equipment of this type is installed. It is mounted like this:

• In the attic or in the basement there is a supply and exhaust unit. Most often, it is supplemented by a heat exchanger, which allows you to save on heating.
• Air ducts are distributed throughout the premises. Holes in the walls are covered with decorative bars. On the street, the supply pipe starts in the pipe through the wall. The outlet is usually displayed on the roof.

Sometimes modern systems ventilation are supplemented with various kinds of equipment that increase the comfort of living in the house. These can be, for example, built-in air conditioners or humidifiers.

Engineering communications are, therefore, critical systems, a comfortable life without which in a country house is simply impossible. The design and installation of such equipment is a very important matter. You cannot make any mistakes when performing these operations. This can negatively affect not only the convenience, but also the safety of living in the house. In small country houses, the installation of the main communications can be done with your own hands. The owners of large cottages are better off entrusting this work to specialists.