LLC on common system taxation (main activity - consulting services) places its own cash on deposit in a bank. Which lines of the Cash Flow Statement should show the movement of money on the deposit and the receipt of interest?
Answer
1. If you account for the deposit in account 55, then in the Cash Flow Report do not reflect the transfer of funds from the current account to the deposit account and the receipt of money from the deposit account to the current account. Show percentages in line 4111 of the Report.
2. If you account for the deposit on account 58, then show the movement on the deposit either on lines 4113 and 4121, or on lines 4213 and 4223. If funds were transferred to the deposit and the deposit was repaid in one reporting period, cash flows show collapsed. Report the interest either on line 4111 or line 4214.
In which section should interest be shown? in this case depends on in which section you decide to reflect the deposit itself. This is established by paragraphs , , , PBU 23/2011.
Fill out any forms financial statements online and you can submit them via the Internet at
Bank deposit(or bank deposit) - the amount of money transferred by the depositor to a credit institution-bank for a specified or unspecified period in order to receive income in the form of interest generated in the course of financial transactions with contribution.
A bank deposit of an individual means funds denominated in Russian or foreign currency, which the depositor places in the bank for the purpose of storing and receiving income in the form of interest (clause 1 of Article 834 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
Agreement bank deposit must be concluded in writing and reflect the conditions on the amount of the deposit, the currency of the deposit, the procedure for calculating interest, the procedure and terms for returning the deposit, and others (clause 1 of Article 836 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
The deposit is the bank's debt to the depositor, that is, it is subject to return.
Types of deposits
Types of deposits offered on this moment commercial banks are conditionally divided into several groups depending on the goal pursued by the depositor planning to place funds.
The main types of deposits offered by banks are as follows:
urgent savings deposits;
savings deposits;
demand deposits;
multicurrency deposits;
specialized deposits;
deposits in precious metals.
Time savings deposits
When registering time savings deposits, the deposit is placed for a certain period.
The advantages of fixed-term savings deposits are the high interest rate and the ability to implement additional functions for deposit management:
partial withdrawal of funds;
early closure contribution;
monetization of interest.
In addition, time savings deposits provide for capitalization of interest, that is, every month (quarter) interest on the deposit is added to the principal amount of deposits and the next accrual takes into account the amount of capitalized interest.
Savings deposits
Upon registration savings deposits it is possible to accumulate the required amount of money for certain purposes.
The advantages of such deposits are the ability to replenish the deposit at any time during the validity period of the deposit, and a system for prolonging the deposit.
That is, if the depositor did not contact the bank when the deposit account expired, the deposit is automatically extended for the same period at the rate in effect at the time of extension.
Demand deposits
Demand deposits are used by depositors who want to keep money in the bank and at the same time be able to use their savings at any time.
Demand deposits (or perpetual deposits) do not have a strictly specified storage period for funds, and the depositor can access his funds at any time.
The disadvantage of such deposits is the low interest rate compared to other types of deposits.
Multi-currency, “specialized” deposits and deposits in precious metals
Contributions to commercial banks can be placed in national and foreign currency and precious metals.
Multicurrency deposits
Upon registration multicurrency deposits The deposit amount in one currency can be converted at any time at the bank’s exchange rate into the currency of another deposit.
Deposits in precious metals
When making such a deposit, the depositor buys precious metals from the bank, which are not handed over to him, but are credited to the client’s deposit account.
Specialized deposits
Many banks offer their clients so-called “specialized” deposits.
These types of deposits are provided for certain categories of citizens: pensioners, single mothers, children from large families and etc.
Pension or social contributions, as a rule, have preferential terms for placing, replenishing and saving funds: a minimum initial amount, the possibility of non-cash replenishment from pension (social) accounts, an increased interest rate, etc.
Deposit storage periods
The deposit periods can be from one day to several years, and the longer the deposit period, the higher the interest rate.
Essential terms of the bank deposit agreement
The bank deposit agreement must contain the following conditions:
1. Amount of bank deposit.
The amount of a bank deposit is the amount of money that the depositor deposits in the bank, and on which interest is accrued in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
2. Term of the bank deposit.
The term of a bank deposit is the period during which the depositor's funds are kept in the bank. The period can be specified in days, months or years.
Based on the timing of depositing funds into the bank, deposits are divided into “demand” deposits and “time” deposits.
Demand deposits are not limited by the period of placement and are issued to the depositor upon request.
“Fixed-term” deposits are issued after the end of the period specified in the agreement (clause 1 of Article 837 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation);
3. Deposit currency.
Banks can place deposits in rubles or in foreign currency.
A mixed deposit is called a multicurrency deposit.
By multicurrency deposit placement of funds and return of the deposit can be made in various currencies at the choice of the depositor.
In addition, funds can be invested in precious metals.
When opening a deposit in precious metals, the bank opens a special metal account for the depositor.
The profitability of such a deposit is determined depending on market prices for precious metals.
4. Interest on deposit.
The agreement must indicate the interest rate on the deposit, expressed as a percentage per annum.
The interest rate is the depositor's income, which is paid by the bank for the temporary use of funds placed on deposit.
The interest rate is determined as a percentage of the deposit amount for a certain period of time.
The interest rate can be either fixed or floating.
A floating interest rate depends on changes in a variable value provided for in the contract, for example the refinancing rate ( key rate) Bank of Russia.
Interest on a deposit can be calculated in two ways:
Interest is calculated on the initial deposit amount without taking into account interest accrued on it (simple interest method);
Interest is calculated on the deposit amount taking into account previously accrued interest (capitalized interest method).
At the same time, the amount of interest on time deposits cannot be reduced by the bank unilaterally (clause 3 of Article 838 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
For demand deposits, the bank has the right to unilaterally change the interest rate, unless this is prohibited by the deposit agreement (clause 2 of Article 838 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
5. Procedure for returning the deposit.
If the depositor does not return the amount of the time deposit at the end of the term for placing the deposit, then the agreement is considered extended on the terms of a demand deposit, unless otherwise provided by the agreement (clause 4 of Article 837 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
If time deposit is returned to the depositor at his request before the end of the deposit period, then interest on the deposit is paid as on demand deposits, unless otherwise provided by the agreement (clause 3 of Article 837 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
6. Replenishment and partial use of deposit funds placed in the bank.
The bank deposit agreement may provide for the possibility for the depositor to replenish the deposit or partially spend the deposit funds.
Partial withdrawal of funds from the deposit is carried out up to the minimum amount down payment established for this type of deposit.
If, when spent, the balance turns out to be less than the minimum amount of the down payment, then in this case the deposit agreement will be considered terminated early.
7. Additional services jar.
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expert on accounting and taxation
Accounting consequences of placing money on deposit
Documenting
The main document for accounting for the deposit amount, as well as interest on it, is the bank deposit agreement A clause 1 art. 834, paragraph 1, art. 836 Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
Moreover, such an agreement is considered concluded not from the moment it is signed with the bank, but from the moment the money is deposited in the bank deposit T clause 1 art. 834, paragraph 2 of Art. 433 Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
The opening of a deposit is confirmed:
or a bank statement and payment order - when transferring to a deposit non-cash funds;
or a receipt to cash receipt order, signed by a bank employee, with a cash register stamp - when depositing cash G clause 3.4 of the Regulations, approved. Central Bank 04/24/2008 No. 318-P.
Now banks provide their clients with the opportunity to open a deposit online. In this case, the paper bank deposit agreement is not signed. The procedure for documentary opening is that a representative of a legal entity (director, chief accountant) submits to the bank through the system remote maintenance(for example, through “Client-Bank”) signed electronic signature a statement indicating the information necessary for depositing money. By doing so, the company expresses its agreement with the terms and conditions of deposits published on the bank’s official website. These electronic documents collectively are an agreement concluded between the company and the bank bank deposit(of course, subject to the receipt of money in the deposit). A bank statement will serve as confirmation of the transfer of money to the deposit.
In the contract, the accountant should pay attention to the following points that affect the reflection of the deposit in accounting:
deposit term;
the procedure for calculating interest and the timing of their payment;
conditions for early termination of the contract.
Income tax
Placing money on deposit, as well as returning it from the deposit, will not be an expense or income of the organization. And clause 12 art. 270, sub. 10 p. 1 art. 251 Tax Code of the Russian Federation. “Profitable” income reflects only the interest due to the investor.
Interest is included in non-operating income V clause 6 art. 250, paragraph 6 of Art. 271, paragraph 4 of Art. 328 Tax Code of the Russian Federation:
on the last day of each month;
on the date of termination of the contract (return of money from the deposit).
Moreover, it does not matter how the contract stipulates the timing of interest payments (even if they are capitalized and paid at a time when the deposit is returned), they must be recognized in tax accounting on a monthly basis.
If interest is calculated and paid by the bank on the last day of each month, then interest income can simply be taken from the bank statement without making any additional calculations.
It’s another matter when interest is accrued, say, in the middle of the month or at the end of the deposit period. Then the amount of interest must be determined using the formula (unless the agreement provides for a special procedure for calculating interest):
The calculation must be reflected in the accounting statement.
The agreement may provide for the capitalization of interest (in other words, compound interest), that is, when accrued interest with a certain frequency is added to total amount deposit, as a result, the size of the deposit increases and interest is accrued on the ´l-small amount.
Example. Calculation of the amount of interest recognized in income
Condition. On September 4, 2017, the company placed a deposit in the amount of RUB 1,500,000. for a period until November 30, 2017 on the terms monthly capitalization percent. The deposit rate is 6% per year. Interest on the deposit is accrued from the day following the day of receipt of money in the deposit until the day of their return, inclusive. In this case, they are paid on the closing date of the deposit.
Solution. The calculation will be as follows.
| Months | Deposit amount including interest capitalization, rub. | Number of days of deposit placement | The amount of interest that the company will take into account in non-operating income at the end of the month, rub. |
| September | 1 500 000,00 | 26
(from 5.09 to 30.09) | 6410,96
(RUB 1,500,000 x 6% / 365 days x 26 days) |
| October | 1 506 410,96
(RUB 1,500,000 + RUB 6,410.96) | 31 | 7676,51
(RUB 1,506,410.96 x 6% / 365 days x 31 days) |
| November | 1 514 087,47
(RUB 1,506,410.96 + RUB 7,676.51) | 30 | 7466,73
(RUB 1,514,087.47 x 6% / 365 days x 30 days) |
simplified tax system
Simplifiers also do not need to take into account tax expenses and income placement of the deposit amount and its return T clause 1 art. 346.16, subd. 1 clause 1.1 art. 346.15, subd. 10 p. 1 art. 251 Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
Only interest on deposits must be included in taxable income at clause 1 art. 346.15, paragraph 6 of Art. 250 Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
The date of recognition of “simplified” income is the day the money is received in bank accounts and (or) cash registers at clause 1 art. 346.17 Tax Code of the Russian Federation. That is, under the simplified tax system, interest is taken into account in income on the days it is received. And the amounts are taken from bank statements or orders.
Difficulties in determining the moment of recognition of interest income may arise in a situation where the bank deposit agreement provides for the capitalization of interest. After all, the accrued interest goes to the organization’s bank account, but not to the current account, but to the deposit account, increasing the amount of the deposit. What date will be considered the day of receipt of income: the day of their capitalization (addition to the amount of the deposit in the deposit account) or the day of their crediting to the current account? We contacted the Ministry of Finance for clarification.
Date of recognition of capitalized interest income
Date of receipt of income at application of the simplified tax system recognizes, in particular, the day of receipt of funds in bank accounts (cash method d) clause 1 art. 346.17 Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
For tax purposes, account(s) means settlement (current) and other bank accounts opened on the basis of a bank account agreement A clause 2 art. 11 Tax Code of the Russian Federation. At the same time, in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, bank account agreements are regulated by Ch. 45, and bank deposit agreements, on the basis of which deposit accounts are opened, - Ch. 44.
In addition, in Art. 86 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation states that banks open accounts, deposits and are obliged to issue tax authorities certificates about the availability of accounts, deposits (deposits) in the bank and (or) about cash balances in accounts, deposits (deposits), statements of transactions on accounts, on deposits of organizations.
Thus, accounts opened on the basis of a bank account agreement and on the basis of a bank deposit agreement differ from each other for tax purposes.
Therefore, the date of receipt of income in the form of interest on a deposit, subject to their capitalization, is the date the bank credits such interest to the organization’s current account.
UTII
Companies using UTII can also place available funds on deposits. According to controllers, the interest received does not relate to activities subject to UTII. Therefore, deposit interest must be included in the income tax base as non-operating income based on separate accounting data A Letters of the Federal Tax Service dated March 24, 2011 No. KE-4-3/4649@; Ministry of Finance dated February 19, 2009 No. 03-11-06/3/36.
Note that previously the Ministry of Finance had a different position on this matter. It was believed that if a company conducts only “imputed” activities, then interest income is not subject to income tax. I Letter of the Ministry of Finance dated November 27, 2006 No. 03-11-04/3/506. However, it is safer to adhere to the later explanations of officials.
If an organization combines imputation and simplification, then the deposit interest received must be taken into account as part of income taxed under simplified tax system Letter of the Ministry of Finance dated 07/06/2005 No. 03-11-04/3/7.
Accounting
In accounting, money placed on deposit at interest is reflected as part of financial investments th pp. 2, 3 PBU 19/02. At the same time, at the choice of the organization that needs to be fixed in accounting policy, they can be taken into account:
or on account 58 " Financial investments", sub-account "Deposits";
or on account 55 “Special accounts in banks”, subaccount 55-3 “Deposit accounts”.
Regardless of the account in which the deposit is recorded, it must be shown in the balance sheet as part of financial investments. th clause 19 PBU 4/99; clause 41 PBU 19/02:
or on line 1170 in the section “ Fixed assets» - if the deposit term exceeds 12 months after reporting date;
or on line 1240 in the section “ Current assets» - if the deposit period is no more than 12 months after the reporting date.
There is one exception - a demand deposit. In the balance sheet it is reflected in line 1250 “Cash and cash equivalents” s" clause 5 PBU 23/2011.
Interest on the deposit is recognized as part of other income evenly over the term of the agreement, regardless of when it is actually received s clause 34 PBU 19/02; pp. 7, 16 PBU 9/99; Letter of the Ministry of Finance dated January 24, 2011 No. 07-02-18/01:
as of the last date of the reporting period. It's easier to do it monthly. Then interest accounting will coincide with “profitable”;
on the date of termination of the bank deposit agreement.
Situation 1. Interest on the deposit is not capitalized and is paid by the bank when the deposit is closed. Then accounting entries there will be such.
| Contents of operation | Dt | CT |
| Money transferred to deposit | 58 (55-3) | 51 |
| As of the last date of the reporting period, as well as on the date of termination of the contract | ||
| Interest on the deposit in the amount determined based on the terms of the agreement is reflected in income | 76 | 91-1 |
| On the date of termination of the contract | ||
| Deposit returned | 51 | 58 (55-3) |
| Interest received on deposit | 51 | 76 |
Situation 2. Interest on the deposit is capitalized and paid upon expiration of the deposit term. In this case, the date of capitalization of interest under the contract coincides with the date of recognition of interest income (for example, both of these operations occur on the last day of each month). Then, to reflect the accrued interest in income, you need to make the following entry.
Situation 3. Interest on the deposit is capitalized and paid upon expiration of the deposit term. However, the date of capitalization and the date of recognition of interest in income are different (for example, with quarterly capitalization and monthly recognition of interest income). The interest accounting entries will be as follows.
And the records for placing and returning the deposit, including interest, in situations 2 and 3 will be the same as in situation 1.
Accounting nuances of early termination of a contract
If the company decides to withdraw money from the deposit early, the bank may recalculate previously accrued interest at a reduced rate or not pay it at all. In this situation, the company will have to adjust the recorded income.
"Profitable" adjustment. The company can T clause 1 art. 54, paragraph 1, art. 81 Tax Code of the Russian Federation:
or reduce by the amount of lost interest tax base the period in which the deposit was closed early - if the overly recorded income relates to this year;
or include the amount of excessively accrued interest in non-operating expenses as a loss from previous years identified in the current reporting (tax) period e subp. 1 item 2 art. 265 Tax Code of the Russian Federation, - if the “extra” income comes from previous years;
or submit updated declarations for reporting (tax) periods in which “excess” income was reflected.
Adjustment on the simplified tax system will not be necessary if, according to the terms of the agreement, the entire amount of accrued interest is paid at a time when closing the deposit. Under the simplified tax system, a company’s income simply needs to include the amount of interest actually received.
If the bank paid interest to the company’s current account, say, monthly or quarterly, then it has already taken these amounts into account when calculating the “simplified” tax. And accordingly, by the amount of excessively calculated interest, the company can reduce the income of the period in which it closed the deposit10/99
Term non-replenishable deposit
A deposit attracted for a period established in accordance with the Deposit Transaction (Agreement), with the obligation of the bank to return the deposit amount on the day of expiration of the deposit.
For the right to return the deposit early, the bank applies a discount to the borrowing rate. Return of the deposit amount before the expiration of the term is carried out with the payment of interest calculated at 1/2 of the “On demand” rate for individuals, valid at the time of return of the deposit.
Replenishable deposit
In addition to the initial deposit amount, the client has the right to make additional contributions to the deposit in accordance with the terms of the Deposit transaction (Agreement). Initial contribution minimum size additional contribution, maximum amount deposit, taking into account the initial and additional contributions, term, deposit currency, interest rate, deadline for making additional contributions are established in the Bank Deposit Agreement.
The interest rate remains unchanged during the term and applies to additional payments.
- initial deposit amount - from 500,000 (from 50,000 for individual entrepreneurs) rub / 50,000 $ / 50,000 €;
- deposit term - from 3 to 18 months;
- a deadline is set for making additional contributions within 4/5 of the deposit period.
Cannot be added to last month deposit period.
Advantages
the deposit is convenient for clients planning to increase the deposit amount by making additional contributions;
As the deposit term shortens, the client has the opportunity to replenish it with “short” resources, while receiving interest at the rate of the “long” term.
Deposit with the possibility of partial or full refund
During the term of the Agreement, the Depositor may return part or all of the deposit amount. The initial deposit amount, the minimum amount of the early repayable portion of the deposit, term, deposit currency, basic interest rate, interest rates on early repayable amounts are determined in the Agreement.
- initial deposit amount - from 500,000 (from 50,000 for individual entrepreneurs) rub / 50,000 $ / 50,000 €;
- deposit period - from 3 to 18 months. (can be extended to 36 months);
- attraction rate for amounts repaid ahead of schedule - interest is accrued on the amount repaid ahead of schedule based on the actual period of funds being in the deposit;
- In case of early repayment earlier than 1 month, interest is paid at 1/2 the rate of demand deposit for individuals.
Advantages
the deposit allows you to receive income from the placement of temporarily free funds, even if the term of their placement is changed;
a deposit allows clients to insure themselves against an unpredictable deterioration in their payment flow.
Replenishable deposit with the right of partial return
With this type of deposit, the client is given the opportunity to make additional contributions and return part of the deposit up to the established minimum balance on the deposit account. The initial deposit amount, the minimum amount of partial return and additional contribution to the deposit, the minimum balance on the deposit account, the maximum deposit amount, term, deposit currency, interest rate, deadline for adding funds are established in the Agreement.
- initial deposit amount - from 500,000 (from 50,000 for individual entrepreneurs) rub / 50,000 $ / 50,000 €; deposit term - from 3 to 18 months;
- the minimum amount of additional contribution is 25,000 rubles / 25,000 $ / 25,000 €;
- the maximum deposit amount, taking into account additional contributions, is 300% of the initial deposit amount;
- a deadline is set for making additional contributions within 4/5 of the deposit period. It is not possible to make a deposit in the last month of the deposit period;
- the minimum balance on the deposit account is 50% of the initial deposit amount;
- the minimum amount for a partial refund is 25,000 rubles / 25,000 $ / 25,000 €;
- In case of early repayment earlier than 1 month or in violation of the minimum balance on the account, interest is paid at 1/2 the rate of demand deposit for individuals.
Advantages
This deposit allows the client to quickly manage their own liquidity.
Possible to post in Alfa Business Online
Fixed balance
Alfa-Bank does not raise funds in the form of fixed balances from individual entrepreneurs.
Accounting entries for deposits and interest, as for all other accounting transactions, must be drawn up correctly. After all, the reliability of accounting statements and even the correctness of tax calculations depend on these records. In our article we will talk about deposit accounts and accounting accounts linked to them, as well as what accounting entries will be required for placing money on deposit, returning it and calculating interest.
Placing money on deposit - what is it?
If an organization generates free funds, then so that they do not lie like a dead weight on the current account, the organization can make them work. Thus, money not involved in circulation can generate additional income. One of the ways to obtain such income is to place funds on deposit.
A deposit account is an account in a banking institution in which a person places available funds, and the bank, according to the terms of the signed agreement, accrues interest on them in the established amount. Typically, deposit agreements are concluded for a specific period. Upon expiration, the funds are returned to their owner. Funds can only be credited to this account as a deposit.
IMPORTANT! The deposit account is not intended for settlements with third parties.
Which accounts are involved in accounting entries for accounting for deposit transactions?
The deposit account refers to the so-called special accounts in the bank, for the accounting of which account 55 is intended in the accounting department. The Chart of Accounts (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n, as amended on November 8, 2010) provides for several sub-accounts for this account. Deposits are accounted for in subaccount 55.3 “Deposit accounts”.
Because the deposits recognized as financial investments in accordance with clause 3 of PBU 19/02, then they can also be taken into account in account 58 “Financial investments” by opening the corresponding sub-account.
NOTE! The organization establishes the method of accounting for the movement of money on deposit in its accounting policy.
Accounts 55 and 58 are active, so an increase in funds on deposit will be by debit, and a decrease in the deposit account or returned to the owner to the current account will be by credit.
As for the entries on the receipt of interest on the current account and, accordingly, their accrual, account 91 “Other income and expenses” will be involved in them. Subaccount 1 to this account “Other income” is intended to reflect various income, including interest received, from activities not related to the main one.
How are accounting entries made when transferring funds to a deposit - deposit and when they are returned (receipt to the current account)
So, the organization decided to place available funds in a deposit account at a bank. To do this, a bank deposit agreement is concluded (Articles 834, 835 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), which stipulates:
- type of deposit;
- amount credited to the deposit;
- the amount of interest accrued by the bank and the frequency of their accrual;
- the amount of the deposit account maintenance fee;
- period of storage of funds in the account;
- responsibility provided for each of the parties;
- terms of termination of the contract;
- other terms agreed upon by the parties.
After all formalities have been settled, the bank opens a deposit account, where the organization’s funds are usually transferred from the current account. At the same time, based on primary documents, including bank statements, the following entry must be made in the accounting:
Dt 55.3, 58 “Deposits” Kt 51.
If the transfer was made with foreign currency account, then the entry will take the form:
Dt 55.3 Kt 51, 58 “Deposits”.
At the end of the period of storage of funds in the deposit account, the bank is obliged to return them to the owner to the current account. The deposit return transactions will be as follows:
Dt 51, 52 Kt 55.3, 58 “Deposits”.
Interest accrued on the deposit - accounting entry and its significance for tax accounting
As we have already noted, the frequency of interest calculation, as well as their rate, is one of the mandatory conditions of the contract. When accruing interest from an organization that owns funds based on bank documents The following wiring should be generated:
Dt 76 Kt 91.1.
Interest on deposits must be taken into account as non-operating income when calculating income tax, if the organization applies the main regime, or a single tax under the simplified tax system as they are accrued (or received) - clause 6 of Art. 250 Tax Code of the Russian Federation.
Interest can be transferred to a person’s current account as it accrues, or it can accumulate in a deposit account and be paid in a lump sum only upon expiration of the contract. The transfer of interest to the current account will be reflected in correspondence:
Dt 51 Kt 76.
Results
The company can place funds on deposit to receive additional income. In accounting, entries will appear using account 55 or 58, which will reflect transactions of transferring money to the deposit and their return, and account 91.1, where the interest accrued by the bank in favor of the owner of the funds will be recorded as part of other income.
The article presented the main accounting entries that should appear in accounting when reflecting transactions on deposit accounts.