Federal standard fixed assets for the public sector. Draft Federal Accounting Standard “Fixed Assets. About the seminar "Accounting for fixed assets in "1C: Accounting department of a state institution"

Designed

non-profit organization

FUND "NATIONAL NON-STATE
ACCOUNTING REGULATOR
"ACCOUNTING METHODOLOGICAL CENTER"

(FUND "NRBU "BMC")

PROJECT

FEDERAL ACCOUNTING STANDARD

"Fixed assets"

I. General provisions

1. This Standard establishes the requirements for the formation of information on fixed assets of organizations in accounting.

2. This Standard is not applicable to public sector entities.

3. This Standard does not apply to:

a) animals and plants (with the exception of fruit-bearing plants) used to obtain agricultural products;

b) objects, the use of which has been terminated and the renewal is not expected in connection with the decision to sell them, including the sale of the material assets remaining from their disassembly;

c) objects that are in the process of creation, acquisition, receipt, until the moment the object is brought to the place and state in which the organization intends to use it (hereinafter referred to as capital investments in progress).

4. Fixed assets are assets characterized by a combination of the following features:

a) the asset has a material form;

b) the asset is held by the entity for use in the course of its ordinary activities in the production and (or) sale of products (goods) by it, in the performance of work or the provision of services, for provision for a fee for temporary possession and (or) use, for management needs, or for use for the purposes of the activities of a non-profit organization;

c) the asset is held by the entity for use over a period of more than 12 months or a normal operating cycle of more than 12 months;

d) the asset is a completed, ready-to-use item and is in the location and condition in which the entity intends to use it.

In the event of a change in the method of obtaining economic benefits from a fixed asset so that it is no longer characterized by a combination of the features specified in this paragraph, the organization reclassifies the fixed asset into another appropriate asset. At the same time, the approach of the estimated end of use of the fixed asset (when less than 12 months remain before this point) is not a basis for reclassifying the fixed asset into another asset.

5. Features of accounting for leased and leased fixed assets are established by regulatory legal acts lease accounting.

6. An entity may not apply this Standard to items of property, plant and equipment with a value within established by the organization limit, provided that the entity writes off the carrying amount of the relevant capital investments on their completion for expenses, and discloses this fact with an indication of the established cost limit in its accounting (financial) statements.

Industry standards accounting may establish additional criteria to those established by this paragraph, subject to which an entity may not apply this Standard.

7. The terms used in this Standard have the following meanings:

Fixed asset group- a set of homogeneous fixed assets allocated for accounting purposes, based on the similar nature of their use in the activities of the organization. Groups of fixed assets can be: buildings, structures, machinery and equipment, vehicles, industrial and household inventory, and other groups.

Liquidation value is the estimated amount that the entity would receive from the disposal of a fixed asset (including the value of the tangible assets remaining on disposal), after deducting the estimated costs of disposal, as if the asset had already reached maturity beneficial use and the state characteristic of the end of the useful life.

Useful life- This:

a) the period of time over which the asset is expected to be available for use by the entity; or

b) the number of units of production or similar units that the entity expects to obtain from the use of the asset.

II. Recognition and unit of account

8. A fixed asset is recognized in accounting by reclassifying an asset from capital investments in progress to fixed assets at the moment when the object is ready for operation and is in the place and in the condition in which the organization intends to use it.

9. If the way in which economic benefits are derived from a previously recognized property, plant and equipment is changed so that it no longer has the set of features specified in paragraph 4 of this Standard, an entity reclassifies the property, plant and equipment to another appropriate asset.

10. The accounting unit of fixed assets is an inventory object, unless otherwise established by this paragraph.

An inventory item of fixed assets is an object with all fixtures and fittings or a separate structurally separate item designed to perform certain independent functions, or a separate complex of structurally articulated items that are a single whole and designed to perform a specific job. A complex of structurally articulated objects is one or more objects of the same or different purposes, having common devices and accessories, general management mounted on the same foundation, as a result of which each item included in the complex can perform its functions only as part of the complex, and not independently.

A fixed asset accounting unit is a part of an inventory item that has a different useful life.

11. Units of accounting for fixed assets, determined initially at their recognition, may subsequently be changed based on new circumstances.

III. Grade

12. Fixed assets are recognized at historical cost. The initial cost of a fixed asset is the carrying amount of capital investments in progress, formed in accordance with the established rules for their accounting by the time they are completed, when the asset is reclassified from capital investments in progress to property, plant and equipment.

13. Fixed assets are valued at reporting date By book value. The carrying amount of a fixed asset is calculated as its initial cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment. The cost and accumulated depreciation of property, plant and equipment may be remeasured in accordance with this Standard.

14. The organization chooses one of two methods of accounting for each group of fixed assets - with or without revaluation. The selected accounting method applies to the entire group of fixed assets. The organization may not apply different ways accounting for fixed assets belonging to the same group.

If there is a change in the accounting treatment for property, plant and equipment, such change is applied prospectively.

15. When using the method of accounting without revaluation, the initial cost of the fixed asset at which it was recognized, and the amount of depreciation accrued on it subsequently do not change, except as provided in this Standard.

16. When using the revaluation method of accounting, the carrying amount of the fixed asset is regularly revalued to its fair value. Fair value is determined in the manner prescribed international standards financial reporting.

Property, plant and equipment that is real estate intended for provision for a fee for temporary possession and (or) use and (or) income from capital appreciation (hereinafter referred to as investment property) are revalued in the manner prescribed by paragraph 17 of this Standard. Property, plant and equipment that is not investment property are revalued in accordance with paragraphs 18–21 of this Standard.

17. In the case of applying the method of accounting with revaluation in relation to investment property an entity shall apply this accounting treatment to all investment property held. Investment property is revalued at each reporting date. In this case, the initial cost of investment property (including previously revalued) is revalued to its fair value. Changes in value resulting from this revaluation are credited to financial results as income or expense of the period.

18. If the revaluation method of accounting is applied, the cost and accumulated depreciation of a fixed asset are recalculated on a regular basis so that the carrying amount of the fixed asset equals its fair value.

The frequency of revaluation is selected for each group of revalued fixed assets based on the degree of change in their fair value so that the book value of the revalued fixed assets does not differ significantly from their fair value. Revaluation is carried out as of the end of the reporting year, unless it is carried out more often than once a year.

19. When revaluing a fixed asset, recalculation of its initial cost and accumulated depreciation is carried out in a proportional way or by the method of zeroing depreciation.

Under the proportional method, the cost and accumulated depreciation of the fixed asset are recalculated pro rata so that the carrying amount of the fixed asset after revaluation equals the fair value of the fixed asset. The proportional method is applied, for example, to production equipment.

When applying the depreciation zeroing method, the initial cost of the fixed asset is reduced by the amount of accumulated depreciation for this fixed asset as of the revaluation date. Thereafter, the cost of the property, plant and equipment is recalculated to its fair value. The method of zeroing depreciation is applied, for example, to real estate.

20. The amount of the revaluation of fixed assets carried out in the reporting period is reflected in the total financial result of this period separately without being included in profit (loss), except for the part in which this revaluation restores the amount of writedown and (or) impairment of fixed assets recognized in the past periods as an expense as part of profit (loss). The amount of revaluation of fixed assets carried out in the reporting period is recognized as income of this period in profit (loss) to the extent that this revaluation restores the amount of writedown of fixed assets recognized in previous periods as an expense in profit (loss).

The amount of the writedown of fixed assets carried out in the reporting period is recognized as an expense of this period in profit (loss), with the exception of the part in which this writedown reduces the amount of revaluation of fixed assets, reflected in previous periods as part of the total financial result without being included in profit (loss) . The amount of the writedown of fixed assets carried out in the reporting period is reflected in the total financial result of this period separately without being included in profit (loss) to the extent that this writedown reduces the amount of revaluation of fixed assets recognized in the same manner in previous periods.

21. The amounts of revaluation of fixed assets, reflected in the composition of the aggregate financial result without inclusion in profit (loss), form on a balance basis the accumulated result of revaluation of fixed assets, which is reflected in the balance sheet separately as part of capital. This result is credited to retained earnings in one of the following ways:

a) at a time when writing off the fixed asset for which the additional valuation was accumulated;

b) as depreciation is accrued on the fixed asset. In this case, the accumulated revaluation amount to be written off to retained earnings is determined as a positive difference between the depreciation amount for the period, calculated based on the initial cost of the fixed asset, taking into account the last revaluation, and the depreciation amount for the same period, calculated based on the initial cost of the fixed asset excluding revaluations.

22. In the event of a change in the purpose of a property subject to the revaluation method of accounting, so that an object that was previously classified as investment property no longer applies to it, or vice versa, an object that previously did not belong to investment property is now classified as investment property relates (without reclassifying the asset as a fixed asset), the carrying amount of such a fixed asset at the time of its change in use is considered to be its cost.

23. In case it changes calculated value estimated liability on the future dismantling and disposal of the fixed asset and restoration environment, included in the cost of capital investments in progress, which were subsequently reclassified to property, plant and equipment, then said change refers to changes in the cost of such property, plant and equipment.

If a decrease in the initial cost of a fixed asset in accordance with this paragraph leads to the fact that the book value of the fixed asset becomes equal to zero, then a further decrease in the estimated liability is credited to the financial results of the current period as income.

IV. Depreciation

24. The carrying amount of property, plant and equipment is settled through depreciation unless otherwise provided in this Standard. Depreciation is reflected in accounting separately from the initial cost of the fixed asset and does not change this value, forming an independent indicator - accumulated depreciation - which is deducted from the initial cost of the fixed asset when determining its book value.

25. Depreciation on fixed assets is carried out regardless of the results of the organization's activities in the reporting period.

26. Fixed assets are not subject to depreciation, the consumer properties of which do not change over time, for example, land plots (except for cases when the period of use land plot limited), objects of nature management, museum items, collections.

27. Investment property is not subject to depreciation if it is subject to the revaluation method of accounting.

28. Depreciation starts from the first day of the month following the month of recognition of the fixed asset. The accrual of depreciation after the start of its accrual is not suspended (including in cases of downtime or temporary cessation of the use of fixed assets), unless otherwise provided by this paragraph.

Depreciation is suspended if the salvage value of the fixed asset is equal to or exceeds its book value. If in this case the salvage value subsequently falls below the carrying amount of the asset, depreciation resumes.

29. The useful life of a fixed asset is determined based on:

a) the expected period of use, taking into account productivity or capacity, regulatory, contractual and other restrictions on use, the intentions of the organization's management;

b) expected physical wear and tear taking into account the mode of operation (number of shifts), the system for carrying out repairs, natural conditions, the influence of an aggressive environment and other similar factors;

c) expected obsolescence, in particular as a result of a change or improvement in the production process or as a result of a change in market demand for products or services produced using fixed assets;

d) plans for the replacement of fixed assets, modernization, reconstruction, technical re-equipment.

30. The residual value of a fixed asset is considered to be equal to zero if:

a) no proceeds are expected from the disposal of a fixed asset (including from the sale of materials remaining from its disposal) at the end of its useful life;

b) the amount expected to be received from the disposal of the fixed asset is not significant;

c) the amount expected to be received from the disposal of the fixed asset cannot be determined.

31. During the reporting year, depreciation on fixed assets is calculated monthly, regardless of the method of accrual used, in the amount of 1/12 of the annual amount, unless otherwise provided by this paragraph.

An organization that has the right to apply simplified accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, may:

charge the annual depreciation amount at a time as of December 31 of the reporting year or periodically during the reporting year for the periods determined by the organization;

charge depreciation of production and household inventory at a time in the amount of the initial cost of such objects when they are accepted for accounting.

32. Useful life, salvage value and depreciation method (hereinafter referred to as depreciation parameters) of a fixed asset are determined upon recognition of the fixed asset.

Depreciation parameters are subject to verification annually at the end of the reporting year, as well as upon the occurrence of facts indicating a possible change in them, and, if necessary, are changed. Changes in depreciation parameters of fixed assets are reflected in accounting as changes in estimated values.

33. The organization selects the depreciation method that most accurately reflects the expected features of obtaining future economic benefits from the use of property, plant and equipment.

34. The amount of depreciation of fixed assets for reporting period determined so that by the end of the depreciation period, the carrying amount of the fixed asset is equal to its salvage value.

35. Fixed assets, the useful life of which is set in units of time, are depreciated using the straight-line method or the decreasing balance method.

36. Fixed assets, the depreciation period of which is set in natural units, are depreciated in proportion to the volume of products (works, services).

37. When using the straight-line method, depreciation is calculated in such a way as to evenly distribute the cost of the fixed asset subject to depreciation over its useful life. At the same time, the amount of depreciation for the reporting period is determined as the ratio of the difference between the book value and salvage value of the fixed asset to its remaining useful life.

38. When using the reducing balance method, depreciation is calculated in such a way that the depreciation amounts for periods of the same duration decrease as the useful life of the fixed asset passes. At the same time, the organization independently determines the formula for calculating the amount of depreciation for the reporting period, which ensures a systematic decrease in this amount in the following periods.

39. When using the method in proportion to the volume of products (works, services), depreciation is charged in such a way as to evenly distribute the cost of the fixed asset subject to depreciation during its useful life, expressed in physical units of the quantity of products (volume of works, services). At the same time, the depreciation amount for the reporting period is determined as the product of the difference between the book value and salvage value of the fixed asset by the ratio of the natural indicator of the quantity of products (volume of work, services) in the reporting period to the remaining useful life of the fixed asset expressed in the same units.

40. Depreciation is charged on accounting units of fixed assets. Depreciation can be charged on a set of accounting units of fixed assets that have the same depreciation parameters.

V. Impairment

41. The organization checks fixed assets for depreciation and takes into account the change in their value due to depreciation in the manner determined by international financial reporting standards.

42. Depreciation, similar to depreciation, is reflected in accounting separately from the value of the fixed asset and does not change this value, forming an independent indicator - accumulated depreciation, which, along with accumulated depreciation, is deducted from the cost when determining the book value of the fixed asset.

VI. Retirement

43. The carrying amount of a fixed asset that retires or is not capable of bringing economic benefits to the organization in the future is written off from accounting.

The write-off of a fixed asset may be due, in particular:

a) the termination of the operation of the fixed asset due to its physical or obsolescence in the absence of prospects for the resumption of operation or sale;

b) transfer of a fixed asset to another person in connection with its sale, exchange, transfer to a contribution to the capital of another organization, transfer to a financial lease, transfer to a non-profit organization, etc.;

c) physical retirement of a fixed asset due to its loss, accident, natural disaster and etc.;

d) the expiration of normatively permissible terms or other limiting parameters for the operation of a fixed asset, as a result of which its use by the organization becomes impossible;

e) termination by the organization of activities in which the fixed asset was used, in the absence of the possibility of its use in continuing activities;

f) other circumstances.

44. A fixed asset is subject to write-off in the reporting period in which it retires or becomes unable to bring economic benefits to the organization. When the carrying amount of a fixed asset is written off, all accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment on it is written off against the cost of the fixed asset.

45. Expenses for the dismantling of fixed assets that exceed the amount of the corresponding estimated liability are recognized as expenses of the period in which these expenses were incurred.

46. The result from the disposal of a fixed asset is the difference between the sum of the write-off book value of the fixed asset and the costs of its disposal, on the one hand, and the proceeds from the disposal of the fixed asset, on the other.

The result from the disposal of fixed assets is included in the expenses (income) of the period in which the fixed asset is decommissioned.

VII. Disclosure in reporting

47. In the balance sheet, taking into account materiality, the book value of investment property and fixed assets that are not investment property is reflected.

48. In the statement of financial results, taking into account the materiality, the following is reflected:

a) the net result from the disposal of fixed assets for the reporting period;

b) the net result of the revaluation of fixed assets attributed to income (expenses) of the reporting period;

c) the net result of the revaluation of fixed assets, charged in the reporting period to equity;

d) net result of depreciation of fixed assets and reversal of depreciation charged to expenses (income) of the reporting period;

e) the amount of depreciation of fixed assets attributed in the reporting period to the reduction of the accumulated revaluation result.

The indicators specified in this paragraph may be combined in the statement of financial results with similar indicators for other non-current assets in particular for intangible assets.

49. The statement of changes in capital, taking into account materiality, reflects information on the results of the revaluation of fixed assets and changes in the accounting policy in relation to fixed assets that affected the increase or decrease in capital.

50. The statement of cash flows, taking into account materiality, discloses information about cash flows organizations from operations related to the movement of fixed assets for the reporting period.

51. In the notes to the balance sheet, taking into account materiality, the following information is disclosed:

a) on the book value of fixed assets by groups in terms of historical cost (including revalued), accumulated depreciation and accumulated depreciation at the beginning and end of the reporting period, as well as changes in these indicators for the reporting period by types of changes (inflows, disposals, revaluations, depreciation, depreciation, etc.)

b) on the book value of depreciable and non-depreciable fixed assets;

c) on fixed assets suitable for use, when this is not related to seasonal characteristics;

d) on fixed assets transferred and received on lease;

e) on restrictions (encumbrances) property rights organizations on fixed assets (pledge, easement, arrest, etc.).

52. In relation to fixed assets for which the method of accounting with revaluation is applied, the following shall be disclosed:

a) the date of the last revaluation;

b) attraction independent appraiser to the evaluation;

c) the methods and assumptions used in determining fair value, indicating the extent to which observables are used market prices;

G) appraisal information on the book value of revalued groups of fixed assets, which would be reflected in the accounting (financial) statements if the accounting method without revaluation was used;

e) methods for recalculating the initial cost and accumulated depreciation of revalued fixed assets;

f) the accumulated result of revaluation of fixed assets, not written off to retained earnings, indicating the method of writing off this result to retained earnings.

53. As part of information about accounting policy In relation to fixed assets, information is disclosed:

a) about established ways valuation of groups of fixed assets;

b) on methods of calculating depreciation by groups of fixed assets;

c) on changing the depreciation parameters of fixed assets;

d) other information necessary for understanding the indicators presented in the accounting (financial) statements related to fixed assets.

54. The organization discloses information on impairment of property, plant and equipment provided for by international financial reporting standards.

VIII. Transitional provisions

55. An entity applies this Standard from financial statements for 2020. An organization has the right to begin applying this Standard before the specified period, provided that this fact is disclosed in its accounting (financial) statements.

56. The effects of changes in accounting policies in connection with the commencement of application of this Standard are reflected retrospectively (as if this Standard had been applied since the occurrence of the facts of economic life affected by it), unless otherwise provided by paragraphs 57, 59 of this Standard.

57. In the financial statements from which this Standard applies, an organization may not recalculate comparative figures for periods preceding the reporting period by making a one-time adjustment to the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment at the beginning of the reporting period (the end of the period preceding the reporting period) in accordance with this paragraph. For the purposes of this adjustment, the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment is their cost as previously recognized prior to the adoption of this Standard, less accumulated depreciation. In this case, accumulated depreciation is calculated in accordance with this Standard based on the stated cost, salvage value and the ratio of past and remaining useful lives determined in accordance with paragraph 29 of this Standard.

This paragraph also applies to deferred expenses and other assets accounted for in accordance with previous rules that are required to be classified as property, plant and equipment in accordance with this Standard.

If an entity uses the revaluation method of accounting, the entity using this paragraph, must revalue property, plant and equipment to which this accounting method is applied as of the date of the one-time adjustment, and recognize the corresponding cumulative result of the revaluation of property, plant and equipment (if any) in equity, adjusting (if necessary) the same indicator formed before the application of this Standard in accordance with with the previous rules.

The carrying amounts of items that were previously recognized as property, plant and equipment under previous rules but are not, under this Standard, are written off as a one-time adjustment to retained earnings, unless such items are reclassified to another appropriate asset class.

58. All changes in the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment due to the commencement of this Standard that cannot be reconciled with changes in other items balance sheet are included in retained earnings.

59. An organization that has the right to apply simplified accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) reporting, may begin to apply this Standard prospectively, that is, only in relation to the facts of economic life that took place after the start of applying this Standard, without changing the previously formed accounting data.

60. The organization discloses the procedure applied by it for changes in accounting policies in connection with the beginning of the application of this Standard in its accounting (financial) statements, starting from which this Standard is applied.

Director of the NRBU BMC Foundation O.A. Sukharev BMC Projects

From 2018, public sector organizations must switch to accounting for fixed assets in accordance with the Federal Accounting Standard “Fixed Assets”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance dated December 31, 2016 No. 257n and registered with the Ministry of Justice on April 27, 2017.

Many articles have already been written on this issue, but such large-scale transitions always raise a huge number of questions. Let's take a look at what eventually changed and what actions needed to be taken for the correct transition to the Standard.

The standard provides for the reflection in the composition of fixed assets of tangible assets if the following criteria are met:

useful lives of more than 12 months (regardless of cost);
are intended for repeated or permanent use on the right of operational management, use of property under a lease agreement or under a gratuitous use agreement;
> are used for the purpose of fulfilling state powers, carrying out activities to perform work, provide services, or for the management needs of an accounting entity that are assets (in accordance with the criteria established by the Conceptual Framework Standard);

Material values can be attributed to OS objects if:

Thus, we see that the criteria for classifying objects as OS have changed. What should the chief accountant do in this regard?

For each item of property, it is necessary to decide whether it is an asset or not, and then reflect this information in inventory documents. If you did not have time to reflect this information as part of the annual inventory- You don't need to change anything.

But in order to switch to the standards, it will be necessary to additionally analyze all property items for their compliance with the concept of "asset".

Also, from January 1, 2018, the composition of analytical accounts on account 101 "Fixed assets" is changing.

The transfer of objects to another group will need to be reflected after the reporting for 2017 in the inter-reporting period based on Accounting reference using account 0 401 30 000 “Financial result of previous reporting”, according to the Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 30, 2017 N 02-07-07 / 79257.

Another innovation: the federal standard obliges depreciation to be charged even for those objects that are idle, temporarily not used or prepared for further write-off. The only exceptions are those objects, the residual value of which is equal to zero. Previously, according to Instruction No. 157n, we could suspend the accrual of depreciation amounts in such periods.

The federal standard also changed the cost thresholds for low-value fixed assets. Objects worth up to 10,000 rubles are now taken into account on an off-balance account, depreciation is not charged on them. Previously, there was a limit of 3,000 rubles.

For objects costing in the range from 10,000 to 100,000 rubles, depreciation is equal to 100% of the initial cost at the time the object is put into operation. A separate rule for the library fund - the amount of depreciation for library fund objects worth up to 100,000 rubles is calculated and charged in 100% of the amount at the time of commissioning. For objects more expensive than 100,000 rubles, depreciation amounts are determined according to the method chosen by the institution. Previously, this threshold was equal to the amount of 40,000 rubles.

In "1C: Accounting public institution» These changes have been implemented since releases 1.0.49.4 and 2.0.53.22.

We have considered in this article a small part of the changes regarding the accounting of fixed assets in 2018, but the main minimum that must be taken into account, starting from January 1, 2018.

The release of additional comments, explanations and recommendations from the Ministry of Finance and their implementation in the 1C Accounting Department of a State Institution program will be covered in subsequent articles.

A comment

On January 1, 2018, the federal accounting standard for public sector organizations "Fixed Assets" came into force, approved. by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 31, 2016 No. 257n (hereinafter referred to as the Standard). The provisions of the Standard are applied together with the standard "Conceptual Framework for Accounting and Reporting of Public Sector Organizations" (hereinafter - the Conceptual Framework). Read more about the base standard.

The Guidelines for the application of the Standard were communicated by Letter No. 02-07-07/84237 of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 15, 2017 (hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines). Consider the main changes in comparison with the previous procedure for accounting for fixed assets.

Criteria for recognition of OS objects

Criteria for recognition of objects as part of fixed assets, which are established in paragraphs. 38, 41 instructions, approved. by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 1, 2010 No. 157n (hereinafter - Instruction No. 157n), remained in the Standard:

useful life - more than 12 months;
repeated or permanent use in the activities of the institution;
performance of independent functions, certain work;
being in operation (in reserve, on conservation).

However, the concept of "fixed assets" in the Standard contains an important clarification. It states that fixed assets are material values, which are assets. Previously, this was implied on the basis of Art. 5 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ, where assets were listed as accounting objects, but was not fixed in Instruction No. 157n. In addition, the legislation did not contain a definition of an asset. Now it is given in clause 36 of the Conceptual Framework and is decisive when accepting an object for accounting as part of fixed assets.

An asset is property that meets the following criteria:

belongs to the institution and (or) is in its use;
controlled by the institution as a result of the facts of economic life that have occurred;
contains useful potential or economic benefits.

Based on this concept, along with the objects that are assigned to the institution on the right of operational management, now objects that are received for temporary possession and use or for temporary use under a lease agreement (property lease) or under a gratuitous use agreement should now be considered as fixed assets . Previously, such objects were accounted for in the balance on account 01.

Objects that do not and will not bring economic benefits to the institution, do not have useful potential, should be accounted for in the balance on account 02 "Material values accepted for storage" (section 10 of the Methodological recommendations).

Please note: the useful potential of a thing is not necessarily expressed in the fact that it must ensure the flow of money (their equivalents) or directly participate in the provision of services. For example, an institution plans to purchase a painting in 2018 to decorate an office. For correct reflection in accounting, it is necessary to assess whether the picture is the main tool.

For accounting purposes, the useful potential embodied in an asset is its suitability:

for use alone or jointly with other assets in order to perform state (municipal) functions (powers) in accordance with the goals of creating an institution, activities for the provision of state (municipal) services or for the management needs of an institution, without necessarily ensuring the receipt of funds (their equivalents);
exchange for other assets;
repayment of obligations assumed by the institution.

From this definition, we can conclude that the picture has a useful potential, since it can be used for the management needs of the institution (decoration of the office), can be exchanged for other assets, or used to pay off liabilities. Therefore, its acquisition should be reflected in the corresponding analytical account of the balance sheet account 101 00 "Fixed assets".

It is not necessary to show the provision of premises for use for several hours (hourly rent) on the accounts of fixed assets and on the off-balance account 25 (26). In accounting, only accounts receivable and income from this operation is accrued.

OS accounting unit

As before, the unit of accounting for fixed assets is an inventory item. Its concept, as well as the procedure for assigning inventory numbers, have not changed. However, now the institution, when recognizing an object of fixed assets, must determine the composition of the inventory object.

OS initial cost

The procedure for determining the initial cost of an object, as before, depends on the method of its receipt by the institution - whether it was acquired (created) or received free of charge. To characterize these methods, the Standard introduces the terms "exchange" and "non-exchange" transactions.

During exchange operations the institution transfers (receives) assets on the condition of receiving (transferring) assets comparable in monetary value (value). It can be cash(their equivalents), other material assets (works, services), rights to use property.

In the course of non-exchange transactions, an institution receives (transfers) assets without directly providing (receiving) in exchange assets comparable in monetary value (cash equivalents). In fact, this is the transfer (receipt) of assets free of charge (without charging a fee) or at insignificant prices in relation to the market price of an exchange operation with similar assets.

As before, the initial cost of a fixed asset acquired as a result of exchange transactions or created by the institution itself is determined in the amount of capital investments, taking into account the requirements tax legislation in terms of VAT.

The list of costs that can be included in the initial cost of the object is given in clause 15 of the Standard. In general, he repeats the list from paragraph 47 of Instruction No. 157n, but is more detailed. Paragraph 17 of the Standard lists the costs that are not included in the initial cost of the object.

The formation of the value of the fixed asset object on account 106 00 is terminated when the object is suitable for its intended use. Costs associated with the use, maintenance or subsequent movement of an item of property, plant and equipment are recognized as expenses of the current period (clause 19 of the Standard). At the same time, until the moment of commissioning, the object is accounted for on account 106 00 (Section 5 of the Methodological Recommendations).

To understand what is meant by substitution, it is necessary to refer to pp. 27, 28 of the Standard. Their content is new, previously the legislation did not contain such norms.

If the procedure for operating an item of fixed assets (its components) requires the replacement of individual components of the item, then in accordance with clause 27 of the Standard, the costs of such a replacement (including during a major overhaul) are included in the cost of the item of fixed assets at the time of their occurrence. This is allowed only if such components are an asset under the recognition criteria for items of property, plant and equipment set out in paragraph 8 of the Standard.

At the same time, the value of the fixed asset object in respect of which the restoration work (overhaul), is reduced by the cost of replaced (disposal) parts in accordance with the provisions of the Standard on the derecognition (disposal) of fixed assets. A prerequisite is the availability of documentary evidence of cost estimates for the object being retired.

The institution fixes in the accounting policy the application in accounting of the provisions of clause 27 of the Standard in relation to groups of fixed assets.

Definitions of reconstruction, overhaul of facilities capital construction given in Art. 1 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation. Approximate lists of works that can be performed during the overhaul of buildings and structures are given:

in the Methodology for determining the cost of construction products in the territory Russian Federation MDS 81-35.2004, approved. Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated 05.03.2004 No. 15/1;
departmental building codes "Regulations on the organization and conduct of reconstruction, repair and maintenance of residential buildings, communal and socio-cultural facilities", approved. by order of the State Committee for Architecture of November 23, 1988 No. 312 (hereinafter - VSN 58-88 (r)).

During a major overhaul, an economically feasible modernization of a building or facility can be carried out - improving the layout, equipping it with the missing types of engineering equipment. The list of additional works performed during the overhaul of the building is given in Appendix 9 to VSN 58-88 (p).

If, during regular inspections of fixed assets for defects, which are a prerequisite for their operation, as well as during repairs, independent assets are created, the costs of creating such assets form the volume of capital investments. Subsequently, these investments are recognized in the value of the fixed asset object (either increase the value of the object being taken into account, or are recognized as an independent accounting object). This is established by paragraph 28 of the Standard.

In this case, any amount of costs for the creation of a similar asset during the previous repair, previously taken into account in the cost of the fixed asset, is written off as expenses of the current period (to reduce the financial result) in the amount of the residual value of the asset being replaced.

The institution fixes in the accounting policy the application of the provisions of clause 28 of the Standard when maintaining accounting for fixed assets, groups of fixed assets.

In our opinion, from the provisions of paragraphs. 27, 28 of the Standard, as well as the Guidelines, it follows that the initial cost of an object based on the results of a major overhaul (repair, regular inspection) can only be changed if its part is replaced, which can be recognized as an object of fixed assets (asset). For example, if a group of objects (computer equipment, an office in educational institution, a set of furniture, etc.), when replacing one of them, the cost of the object may be changed. The cost of the item to be replaced must be reliably estimated.

With regard to buildings, the initial cost may change in the event of the installation (replacement) of a boiler room, fire fighting equipment, equipment security and fire alarm, i.e. those objects that can be recognized as assets.

Indirectly, this conclusion is confirmed by an example from the Guidelines: the cost of repairing the premises in the amount of work on painting, whitewashing, replacing windows, doors, and other similar works are included in current expenses fiscal year without attribution to the increase in the cost of the fixed asset under repair.

Thus, the costs of the current (major) repair of fixed assets, as a result of which objects recognized as assets are not created, do not change the initial cost of the fixed asset.

New provisions are also contained in paragraphs. 29, 30 of the Standard. If an item of property, plant and equipment is intended for transfer, sale to non-public sector entities, it is revalued to fair value, which is determined using the market price method. The result of such revaluation is reflected in accounting and disclosed in the financial statements separately. Previously, when selling objects, their initial cost was not revalued, the price of the object formed the income from the operation.

OS depreciation

The procedure for determining the useful life of an object, the start and end dates for depreciation has not changed.

The accrual of depreciation of an item of fixed assets is not suspended in cases when it is idle or not used or is held for subsequent transfer (write-off), except for the case when the residual value of the item has become equal to zero.

There are three methods for calculating depreciation:

linear - uniform accrual of a constant amount of depreciation throughout the useful life of the asset;
diminishing balance - annual amount depreciation is determined on the basis of the residual value of the object at the beginning of the reporting year and the depreciation rate calculated on the basis of the useful life and a coefficient not higher than 3;
Proportional to output - the amount of depreciation is based on the expected use or expected performance of the asset.

Thus, at linear method annual amount depreciation charges calculated by the formula:

A \u003d C / SPI, where

A - the annual amount of depreciation;
C - the initial cost of the object;
SPI - useful life (in years).

Under the declining balance method, depreciation is calculated using the formula:

A \u003d C ost × H a × K usk / 100%, where

С ost - the residual value of the object at the beginning of the reporting year;
H a - depreciation rate for the object;
K usk - acceleration coefficient (up to 3).

The diminishing balance method allows you to transfer the value of the object to the financial result, taking into account their uneven returns during the service life, when the full potential of the property shows in the first years after the purchase. An example is digital technology, which becomes morally obsolete within two to three years after purchase. The price of such objects in a few years will decrease significantly, although the performance characteristics may remain the same.

As can be seen from the formula, under the reducing balance method, the object transfers most of its value to the financial result in the first years of operation, every year this amount becomes less and less.

The acceleration coefficient characterizes the intensity of use of the fixed asset, hence its wear. The value of the coefficient is set by the institution independently within a certain limit. It must be justified. Justification can be technical documentation for fixed assets, recommendations authorized bodies authorities, work schedules, timesheets, etc.

The amount of depreciation in proportion to the volume of production is calculated by the formula:

A = C × B p / B, where

B n - natural indicator of the volume of production for the reporting period;
B - the estimated volume of production for the entire useful life of the object.

Under this depreciation method, the useful life of an asset is presented not in years, but in the form of the expected volume of production that can be produced as a result of the operation of the fixed asset. This method allows the most accurate reflection of the actual intensity of use of the asset. For example, the depreciation amount may be zero during the stop of production using an item of property, plant and equipment. During periods of higher usage, the accumulated depreciation will be higher, and vice versa.

An institution selects the depreciation method that most accurately reflects the way in which the future economic benefits or service potential embodied in the asset is expected to be obtained. This choice must be fixed in the accounting policy.

If the expected method of obtaining economic benefits or the useful potential contained in the asset has changed, the validity of the applied depreciation method is assessed on January 1 of the year following the year of such change (paragraph 38 of the Standard). You can change the depreciation method that will be used over the remaining useful life. It is not required to recalculate the accumulated depreciation on the date of revision of the depreciation method when it is changed.

An institution can apply all three depreciation methods for different groups of fixed assets. This procedure is established in the accounting policy.

Since January 1, 2018, the cost criteria for depreciation have changed. Comparative characteristics presented in the table.

Depreciation procedure	Instruction No. 157n	Standard	Note
not charged	up to 3000 rub.	up to 10,000 rubles	In addition to the objects of the library fund
100% upon commissioning	from 3,000 to 40,000 rubles.	from 10,000 to 100,000 rubles.	In this order, according to the Standard, depreciation is charged on library fund objects worth from 0 to 100,000 rubles. (previously - up to 40,000 rubles). Until 01/01/2018, this procedure was also applied to real estate objects worth up to 40,000 rubles. From 01/01/2018, depreciation on real estate is charged in general order, no special rules have been established.
according to depreciation rates (including library fund)	over 40,000 rubles.	over 100,000 rubles.

Please note that depreciation rules have been changed for fixed assets under conservation. The standard does not contain exceptions for suspending depreciation. Previously, they were established in clause 85 of Instruction No. 157n for transferring an object of fixed assets for conservation for a period of more than three months, as well as restoring an object for more than 12 months.

The institution identifies signs of asset impairment (listed in paragraphs 7 - 9 of the Impairment of Assets Standard) as part of the annual inventory of assets and liabilities. If there are such signs, a decision is made on the need to determine the fair value of the object.

Draft orders on amendments to the accounting instructions for public sector institutions provide for account 0 114 00 000 "Impairment of non-financial assets" to reflect the amount of accumulated losses.

Operations on the accrual of losses from depreciation of fixed assets are planned to be reflected in the debit of account 0 401 20 274, of the corresponding accounts analytical accounting account 0 109 00 000 in correspondence with account credit 0 114 00 000.

OS retirement

The reasons why items of property, plant and equipment are written off the balance sheet are listed in paragraph 45 of the Standard. New grounds for write-off include:

termination of the use of an object of fixed assets for the intended purposes, termination of obtaining economic benefits or useful potential from the further use of the object;
transfer under a lease agreement (property lease) or a contract for gratuitous use in the event that the recipient has the property of an accounting object as part of fixed assets.

These grounds are highlighted in connection with the new understanding of the fixed asset as an asset that should bring economic benefits or have a useful potential.

Please note that the object continues to be accounted for as fixed assets when it is transferred for use to other right holders within the framework of relations under operating lease providing for the return of leased objects to the institution for their further use (clause 7 of the Standard, section 3 of the Guidelines). This is also true for investment properties.

What are the main concepts contained in the standard? What is the accounting treatment for fixed assets in accordance with this standard? How is the initial cost of the OS determined? What new depreciation provisions are included in the standard? How should the disposal of fixed assets be accounted for and what is the procedure for disclosing information about them in the financial statements?

28.02.2017

The Federal Standard "Fixed Assets" (hereinafter - the Standard) establishes uniform requirements for accounting for assets classified as fixed assets, as well as requirements for information about them disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements.

The standard is applied in the accounting of fixed assets, including those received as part of lease relations, but based on the provisions of the federal standard "Rent".

BASIC CONCEPTS.

The Standard defines the key concepts used in the disclosure of information about property, plant and equipment. In Instruction No. 157n, which is currently the fundamental document for accounting (budgetary) accounting, only some of them are presented. Let's get acquainted with the concepts given in the Standard.

Fixed assets - tangible assets, regardless of their value, with a useful life of more than 12 months, intended for repeated or permanent use, including those in operation, stock, conservation, as well as for presentation under lease relations, including investment property.

Not included in fixed assets:

non-produced assets;
property constituting the state (municipal) treasury;
rights to develop minerals and mineral reserves such as oil, natural gas and similar non-renewable resources;
material assets, including objects Not movable property, intended for sale and (or) accounted for as inventories, objects of construction in progress, listed as part of capital investments;
biological assets.

Groups of fixed assets - a set of assets allocated for accounting purposes, similar in essence or functions performed in the activities of an accounting entity, information about which is disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements as a generalized indicator.

The fixed asset groups are:

a) living quarters;

b) non-residential premises(buildings and constructions);

c) machinery and equipment;

d) vehicles;

e) production and household inventory;

f) perennial plantings;

g) investment property;

h) fixed assets not included in other groups.

Investment property - real estate or parts thereof, owned and (or) used for the purpose of obtaining rent and (or) increase in the value of real estate, but not intended to fulfill the state (municipal) powers (functions) assigned to the accounting entity, carry out activities to perform work, provide services, or for the management needs of the accounting entity and (or) sale.

Assets cultural heritage- material values that have arisen as a result of historical events and have value in terms of history, archeology, architecture, urban planning, art, science and technology, aesthetics, ethnology or anthropology, social culture and are evidence of epochs and civilizations, authentic sources of information about the origin and cultural development.

Initial cost - the cost at which the asset is accepted for accounting.

Depreciation is the amount of the asset's value, which is gradually attributed to expenses over the useful life (to reduce the financial result).

Useful life - the period during which the use of an asset by an accounting entity in its activities for the purposes for which it was acquired, created and (or) received (used for planned purposes) is envisaged.

Revalued amount - the cost of an asset at the date of revaluation less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses of the asset.

Book value - the initial cost of an asset, taking into account its changes.

Residual value - the cost at which the asset is reflected in the accounting (financial) statements after deducting the accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses of the asset.

Accumulated depreciation - the amount of depreciation calculated for the period of use of the asset (as of the date of the transaction with the asset and (or) as of the reporting date).

Accumulated asset impairment loss - the amount of asset impairment loss calculated for the period of its use (as of the date of the transaction with the asset and (or) as of the reporting date).

Exchange transactions are transactions during which the transfer (receipt) of assets occurs at a comparable monetary value (value) in the form of cash and (or) other material assets, works, services, rights to use property.

Non-exchange transactions are transactions during which the receipt (transfer) of assets occurs without the receipt of other assets (monetary and material) in return. In other words, this is the receipt (transfer) of assets free of charge or at insignificant prices in relation to the market price.

RECOGNITION OF FIXED ASSETS.

IN Section III The standard's acceptance for accounting of fixed assets is designated by the concept of "recognition". This does not change the essence of the provisions presented in it, which are somewhat similar to some of the provisions of Instruction No. 157n. Consider the main points of this section.

The accounting unit of fixed assets (OS) is an inventory item. Each inventory object is assigned an inventory number in the manner prescribed by accounting policy institutions, subject to the provisions of the Standard and Instruction No. 157n. The inventory number is retained by the object for the entire period of its stay in the institution. After the disposal of the object, the inventory number assigned to it is not assigned to anyone.

An object of fixed assets is recognized as an object of property with all fixtures and fittings or a separate structurally separate item designed to perform certain independent functions, or a separate complex of structurally articulated items that are a single whole and designed to perform a specific job.

A complex of structurally articulated objects is one or more objects of the same or different purposes, having common devices and accessories, common control, mounted in single complex(on the same foundation), as a result of which each item included in the complex can perform its functions only as part of the complex, and not independently.

Fixed assets that have the same useful life but are not material (for example, library collections, peripherals and computer equipment, furniture used for the same period of time (tables, chairs, cabinets, other furniture used for furnishing one room)), according to Instruction No. 157n, can be combined into one inventory object - a complex of OS objects.

A fixed asset accounting unit may also be recognized as a part of an object of property. This is possible if a part of the object has a useful life different from the rest of the parts and its value is significant.

A property (or part thereof) leased and intended for sublease may be recognized as investment property.

A cultural heritage asset is included in PPE if it is possible to obtain economic benefits or useful potential from it, or if its useful potential is not limited to cultural value.

In other cases, the cultural heritage asset is reflected in off-balance accounts in a conditional assessment - one ruble.

OS objects can be moved from one group to another (reclassified). The disposal of an object from one group and its inclusion in another group should be reflected in accounting at the same time. Reclassification does not change the value of fixed assets.

INITIAL COST OF OS OBJECTS.

The Standard pays much attention to the initial cost of fixed assets. It separately considers the initial cost of fixed assets acquired as a result of exchange and non-exchange transactions.

Acquisition of fixed assets as a result of exchange transactions. The initial cost of fixed assets acquired as a result of exchange transactions or created by an institution is determined in the amount of actually made capital investments, formed taking into account VAT presented by suppliers.

What kind of costs are included and not included in the initial cost of fixed assets, we will present in the table.

What is included in the initial cost	What is not included in the original price
Purchase price, including customs duties, non-refundable VAT, less discounts (deductions, benefits)	Costs for opening new productions
Any actual costs for the acquisition, creation of an OS object, its delivery and bringing it into a usable condition, including: Labor costs and insurance premiums; The cost of works (services) under the contract building contract and other contracts; State duties and other similar expenses associated with the acquisition (creation) of an asset; Amounts of remuneration to intermediaries; Site preparation costs; Shipping and handling costs; installation and installation costs; Expenses for checking the functioning of the OS object; Expenses for materials and services of third parties; Expenses for information and consulting services; Other costs directly related to the acquisition, construction (manufacturing) of the fixed assets	Costs of introducing new products and services
Costs for dismantling and decommissioning of the OS facility, as well as restoration of the site where the facility is located	Costs of doing business in a new location or with a new group of service users (including staff training costs)
	Operating losses incurred before investment properties reach target occupancy levels
	Administrative, general and other general overheads
	Costs for performing operations related to construction (except for the delivery of the object and bringing it into a condition suitable for use)

When acquiring a fixed asset for foreign currency, its initial cost is assessed in ruble equivalent as of the date the object is accepted for accounting. When transferring advances to foreign currency included in the actually made capital investments, the ruble equivalent is calculated on the date of the advance payment.

After the object is accepted for accounting, any exchange differences associated with the payment of the remaining outstanding debt are charged to the financial result of the current period.

The balance sheet value of the fixed asset object changes in cases of completion, additional equipment, reconstruction, including with elements of restoration, technical re-equipment, modernization, replacement of the object or its component, as well as revaluation of fixed assets.

The cost of an item of fixed assets acquired in exchange for assets other than cash is measured at fair value at the acquisition date.

Acquisition of fixed assets as a result of non-exchange transactions. The cost of an asset acquired in a non-exchange transaction is its fair value at the acquisition date.

If an item cannot be measured at fair value, its cost is determined by reference to the residual value of the asset given up. If the residual value is not determined or zero, then the asset is valued in a conditional assessment - one ruble.

DEPRECIATION OF FIXED ASSETS.

With regard to the procedure for calculating depreciation, the Standard has differences from the norms of the current Instruction No. 157n. Consider the main provisions of the Standard.

Through a straight-line depreciation, the cost of an asset during its useful life is transferred to expenses (to reduce the financial result).

Depreciation begins to accrue from the 1st day of the month following the month of acceptance of fixed assets for accounting. Accrual stops on the 1st day of the month following the month in which the residual value of the object becomes equal to zero.

If an object is idle or not in use, but has a residual value, depreciation is not suspended.

The useful life of an asset is determined by:

a) based on the expected period of receipt of economic benefits and (or) the useful potential of the object;

the expected period of use of the object;
expected physical wear, depending on the operating mode, natural conditions and the influence of an aggressive environment, the repair system;
legal and other restrictions of the object;
warranty period for the use of the object;
the terms of actual operation and the previously accrued depreciation amount - for objects received free of charge from other accounting entities, state (municipal) organizations.

An institution chooses the method that most accurately reflects the way in which the future economic benefits or service potential of an asset is expected to be obtained.

The selected method is applied consistently from period to period.

for objects worth more than 100,000 rubles. depreciation is charged in accordance with the calculated norms;
for objects worth up to 10,000 rubles. inclusive, with the exception of the library fund, depreciation is not charged. When putting into operation objects of movable property worth up to 10,000 rubles. their initial cost is deducted from the balance sheet with simultaneous reflection of the object on the off-balance sheet account;
for objects of the library fund worth up to 100,000 rubles. inclusive, depreciation is charged in the amount of 100% of the initial cost when they are put into operation;
for fixed assets worth from 10,000 to 100,000 rubles. depreciation is charged in the amount of 100% of the initial cost when they are put into operation.

Depreciation on revaluation. When revaluing an asset, the amount of accumulated depreciation as of the revaluation date is taken into account in one of the following ways:

recalculated in proportion to the change in the initial cost so that the residual value of the object after the revaluation is equal to its revalued value. That is, the book value and accumulated depreciation are multiplied by the same factor;
deducted from the carrying amount, after which the residual value is recalculated to the revalued amount of the asset.

The amount of the adjustment that occurs when recalculating or eliminating accumulated depreciation amounts forms part of the amount of increase or decrease in the residual value of fixed assets to be reflected in accounting.

DISPOSAL OF FIXED ASSETS.

The recognition of an asset is terminated in the event of disposal of property as a result of a sale, conclusion of a lease agreement providing for the transfer of significant operational risks and benefits to the user (tenant), transfer to another public sector organization, other organizations free of charge, on other grounds involving the termination of the right to operational management of property , as well as in the event of disposal of property as a result of write-off.

The disposal of fixed assets is reflected in the credit of the corresponding balance sheet accounts of fixed assets.

When accounting for the disposal of fixed assets, the following criteria must be met:

1. The accounting entity has transferred all significant operational risks and benefits associated with the disposal (possession, use) of the property item, reflected in fixed assets.

2. The subject of accounting no longer participates either in the disposal of the retired asset, or in its actual use.

3. The amount of income (expense) from the disposal of an asset can be reliably estimated.

4. The expected economic benefits or useful potential associated with the fixed assets, as well as the costs incurred or expected, can be measured reliably.

Gains receivable on disposal of fixed assets are initially recognized at fair value.

The financial result arising from the disposal of an asset is reflected in the financial result of the current period. It is defined as the difference between the proceeds from disposal, if any, and the residual value of the asset.

DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION ABOUT OS IN REPORTING.

For each group of fixed assets, the following information is disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements:

a) the depreciation methods used;

b) methods used for determining useful lives;

c) the amount of the book value, as well as the amount of accumulated depreciation in conjunction with the amount of accumulated impairment losses of fixed assets at the beginning and at the end of the period by groups of fixed assets;

d) reconciliation of the residual value at the beginning and at the end of the period.

Additionally, for each OS group, the following information is disclosed in the reporting:

the presence and amount of restrictions on property rights or other granted rights, including the value of real estate and especially valuable movable property that cannot be used by the accounting entity as collateral for obligations, as well as the residual value of fixed assets transferred as collateral at the beginning and end of the reporting period;
the amount of costs included in the cost of fixed assets during construction, at the beginning and at the end of the reporting period;
the amount of contractual obligations for the acquisition (construction) of fixed assets at the end of the reporting period;
the amount of compensation due from third parties in connection with the impairment, loss or transfer of fixed assets included in current period income.

For investment property, the following information is disclosed:

description of investment property;
criteria for distinguishing between investment property and property occupied by an institution, as well as property held for sale in the ordinary course of business;
amounts recognized as income from investment property rentals;
amounts recognized as expenses (including repairs and maintenance) associated with investment property, the income from the lease of which is reflected in the financial result of the reporting period;
amounts recognized as expenses (including repairs and maintenance) associated with investment property that has not been rented out;
the presence of restrictions on the possibility of selling investment property or receipts of economic benefits (income) from disposal, as well as the amount of these restrictions.

IN explanatory note presented as part of the accounting (financial) statements, the following information is additionally reflected:

on the balance sheet and residual value of temporarily idle OS objects;
on the book value of fixed assets that are in operation and have a zero residual value;
on the balance and residual value of fixed assets withdrawn from operation and held until their disposal.

* * *

The Standard provides the main terms and definitions that affect the accounting for property, plant and equipment. It sets out the procedure for accepting them for accounting. Recommendations are given for determining the initial cost of fixed assets acquired as a result of exchange and non-exchange transactions. The procedure for accruing depreciation, the features of accounting for the disposal of fixed assets and the features of disclosing data on fixed assets in accounting (financial) statements are considered.

A comment

Criteria for recognition of OS objects

useful life - more than 12 months;
repeated or permanent use in the activities of the institution;
performance of independent functions, certain work;
being in operation (in reserve, on conservation).

However, the concept of "fixed assets" in the Standard contains an important clarification. It says that fixed assets are tangible assets that are assets. Previously, this was implied on the basis of Art. 5 of the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ, where assets were listed as accounting objects, but was not fixed in Instruction No. 157n. In addition, the legislation did not contain a definition of an asset. Now it is given in clause 36 of the Conceptual Framework and is decisive when accepting an object for accounting as part of fixed assets.

An asset is property that meets the following criteria:

belongs to the institution and (or) is in its use;
controlled by the institution as a result of the facts of economic life that have occurred;
contains useful potential or economic benefits.

For accounting purposes, the useful potential embodied in an asset is its suitability:

for use alone or jointly with other assets in order to perform state (municipal) functions (powers) in accordance with the goals of creating an institution, activities for the provision of state (municipal) services or for the management needs of an institution, without necessarily ensuring the receipt of funds (their equivalents);
exchange for other assets;
repayment of obligations assumed by the institution.

It is not necessary to show the provision of premises for use for several hours (hourly rent) on the accounts of fixed assets and on the off-balance account 25 (26). In accounting, only receivables are formed and income from this operation is accrued.

OS accounting unit

OS initial cost

In the course of exchange transactions, an institution transfers (receives) assets on the condition of receiving (transferring) assets comparable in monetary value (value). This may be cash (their equivalents), other material assets (works, services), rights to use property.

To understand what is meant by substitution, it is necessary to refer to pp. 27, 28 of the Standard. Their content is new, previously the legislation did not contain such norms.

At the same time, the cost of an item of fixed assets, in respect of which restoration work (overhaul) has been carried out, is reduced by the cost of the replaced (disposed) parts in accordance with the provisions of the Standard on the derecognition (retirement from accounting) of fixed assets. A prerequisite is the availability of documentary evidence of cost estimates for the object being retired.

The institution fixes in the accounting policy the application in accounting of the provisions of clause 27 of the Standard in relation to groups of fixed assets.

Definitions of reconstruction, overhaul of capital construction projects are given in Art. 1 of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation. Approximate lists of works that can be performed during the overhaul of buildings and structures are given:

in the Methodology for determining the cost of construction products on the territory of the Russian Federation MDS 81-35.2004, approved. Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated 05.03.2004 No. 15/1;
departmental building codes "Regulations on the organization and conduct of reconstruction, repair and maintenance of residential buildings, communal and socio-cultural facilities", approved. by order of the State Committee for Architecture of November 23, 1988 No. 312 (hereinafter - VSN 58-88 (r)).

The institution fixes in the accounting policy the application of the provisions of clause 28 of the Standard when maintaining accounting for fixed assets, groups of fixed assets.

In our opinion, from the provisions of paragraphs. 27, 28 of the Standard, as well as the Guidelines, it follows that the initial cost of an object based on the results of a major overhaul (repair, regular inspection) can only be changed if its part is replaced, which can be recognized as an object of fixed assets (asset). For example, if a group of objects (computer equipment, an office in an educational institution, a set of furniture, etc.) is combined into one inventory object, the cost of the object may change when one of them is replaced. The cost of the item to be replaced must be reliably estimated.

With regard to buildings, the initial cost may change in the event of installation (replacement) of a boiler room, fire fighting equipment, fire alarm equipment, i.e. those objects that can be recognized as assets.

Indirectly, this conclusion is confirmed by an example from the Guidelines: the cost of repairing the premises in the amount of work on painting, whitewashing, replacing windows, doors, and other similar works are included in the expenses of the current financial year without attributing to an increase in the cost of the fixed asset being repaired.

Thus, the costs of the current (major) repair of fixed assets, as a result of which objects recognized as assets are not created, do not change the initial cost of the fixed asset.

OS depreciation

The procedure for determining the useful life of an object, the start and end dates for depreciation has not changed.

There are three methods for calculating depreciation:

linear - uniform accrual of a constant amount of depreciation throughout the useful life of the asset;
declining balance - the annual depreciation amount is determined based on the residual value of the object at the beginning of the reporting year and the depreciation rate calculated on the basis of the useful life and a coefficient not higher than 3;
Proportional to output - the amount of depreciation is based on the expected use or expected performance of the asset.

Thus, with the straight-line method, the annual amount of depreciation is calculated by the formula:

A \u003d C / SPI, where

A - the annual amount of depreciation;
C - the initial cost of the object;
SPI - useful life (in years).

Under the declining balance method, depreciation is calculated using the formula:

A \u003d C ost × H a × K usk / 100%, where

С ost - the residual value of the object at the beginning of the reporting year;
H a - depreciation rate for the object;
K usk - acceleration coefficient (up to 3).

The acceleration coefficient characterizes the intensity of use of the fixed asset, hence its wear. The value of the coefficient is set by the institution independently within a certain limit. It must be justified. As a justification, technical documentation for fixed assets, recommendations of authorized authorities, work schedules, timesheets, etc. can serve.

The amount of depreciation in proportion to the volume of production is calculated by the formula:

A = C × B p / B, where

B n - natural indicator of the volume of production for the reporting period;
B - the estimated volume of production for the entire useful life of the object.

An institution can apply all three depreciation methods for different groups of fixed assets. This procedure is established in the accounting policy.

Since January 1, 2018, the cost criteria for depreciation have changed. Comparative characteristics are presented in the table.

Depreciation procedure	Instruction No. 157n	Standard	Note
not charged	up to 3000 rub.	up to 10,000 rubles	In addition to the objects of the library fund
100% upon commissioning	from 3,000 to 40,000 rubles.	from 10,000 to 100,000 rubles.	In this order, according to the Standard, depreciation is charged on library fund objects worth from 0 to 100,000 rubles. (previously - up to 40,000 rubles). Until 01/01/2018, this procedure was also applied to real estate objects worth up to 40,000 rubles. From 01/01/2018, depreciation on real estate is accrued in the general manner, no special norms have been established.
according to depreciation rates (including library fund)	over 40,000 rubles.	over 100,000 rubles.

Operations on the accrual of losses from depreciation of fixed assets are planned to be reflected in the debit of account 0 401 20 274, of the corresponding accounts of analytical accounting of account 0 109 00 000 in correspondence with the credit of account 0 114 00 000.

OS retirement

The reasons why items of property, plant and equipment are written off the balance sheet are listed in paragraph 45 of the Standard. New grounds for write-off include:

termination of the use of an object of fixed assets for the intended purposes, termination of obtaining economic benefits or useful potential from the further use of the object;
transfer under a lease agreement (property lease) or a contract for gratuitous use in the event that the recipient has the property of an accounting object as part of fixed assets.

These grounds are highlighted in connection with the new understanding of the fixed asset as an asset that should bring economic benefits or have a useful potential.

Please note that the object continues to be accounted for as fixed assets when it is transferred for use to other right holders as part of an operating lease relationship that provides for the return of leased objects to the institution for their further use (clause 7 of the Standard, section 3 of the Guidelines). This is also true for investment properties.