Visual inspection of load-bearing and enclosing structures of a residential building for their technical condition. Technical inspection of buildings and structures Visual technical inspection of buildings and structures

Purpose of the survey

The purpose of the technical inspection work is to determine technical condition buildings, identifying the presence of construction defects and deviations from building codes and construction technologies.

Object characteristics

1. Purpose of the building.	Residential (individual residential building).
2. Space-planning solution	2-storey residential building with attic and technical. underground under part of the building (in another part of the building there is a garage and a boiler room).
3. Year of construction	2008 ( construction works not completed, but the building has a high construction readiness).
4.4. Description of the load-bearing and enclosing structures of the building:	Ceramic brick.
b) floors	Prefabricated hollow-core reinforced concrete slabs of PC type.
c) foundations	Tape.
d) roof	Wooden rafter system. Roof covering - ceramic tiles.
	Facing brick/painting on plaster.
6. Spatial rigidity of the building	It is ensured by the joint work of the foundation, longitudinal and transverse walls, and floor slabs.
7. Location on the site	The building is located in the central part of the site.

The result of the inspection of load-bearing and enclosing structures

1. Result of inspection of walls, building facade
1.1. Type and materials of building walls.	The walls are made of ceramic slotted brick. The thickness of the external walls is 680mm, internal 380mm. External walls and internal transverse wall are load-bearing. The façade of the building is partially made of ceramic facing bricks, partially painted over plaster.
1.2. Technical condition of the walls, defects identified during the inspection.	The technical condition of the building's load-bearing walls is assessed as operational. The examination revealed wall defects in the form of cracks and breaks. Cracks were identified on the second floor above the window, in the places where the floor slabs rest. These cracks may indicate insufficient rigidity of the strapping belt under the floor slabs. Breaks in the walls are made in places where communications pass, which reduces the load-bearing capacity of the walls. When examining the facades, defects were revealed in the form of the absence of some tiles of the plinth cladding, peeling of the plaster layer, and peeling of the paint layer. The building's blind area has sagged due to seasonal soil fluctuations and has a gap, which can lead to the foundation being soaked by surface water. Installed window units and stained glass windows have low energy efficiency, which, if their area is large, can lead to excessive heating consumption.
	The facade of the building needs renovation. Before repairing the facade, it is necessary to eliminate the soaking of the facade by installing canopies and ebbs. During repairs, tap the plaster layer to determine where the plaster layer is “bulging.”
2. Result of inspection of floors
2.1. Floor type and materials	The ceiling is made of prefabricated hollow-core floor slabs of PC type. The support is carried out on the external walls and the internal transverse load-bearing wall.
2.2. Technical condition of the floors, defects identified during the inspection.	The technical condition of the ceiling is assessed as operational. The inspection revealed a crack in the floor slab above the 1st floor. This crack reduces the performance of the stove. The columns and beams of the rear exit terrace cover show signs of corrosion. The technical underground is blocked hollow core slabs and has no access. The number of vents in the technical underground is not sufficient to ensure ventilation, which can lead to the accumulation of radon there and dampening. The monolithic staircase to the garage has broken steps.

3. Roof inspection results
3.1. Type and materials of roof structures, roof coverings	Roof covering - ceramic tiles. Wooden rafter system. Inspection of the roof is difficult due to snow.
3.2. Technical condition of the roof, defects	Efflorescence on the roof lining on the attic side indicates the need for roof rehabilitation. There are places with defects in the tides and drainage system.
	Repair and clean the drainage system, install missing flashings.
4. Results of inspection of internal engineering networks
4.1. Characteristics and types utility networks building	Gas supply is present. There is no hot water supply. There is no cold water supply. Sewerage - risers only. Electricity supply is only up to the switchboard (in the garage). Heating is from a gas boiler. The material of the heating system pipes is steel. The material of the sewerage system pipes is PVC.
4.2. Defects and deviations from standards identified during inspection of utility networks	The drain risers of the sewerage system are led to the attic. It is recommended to install them on the roof or install check valves. Some heating devices provided for by the system wiring are missing. The heating system pipes show signs of corrosion and careless installation. The heating in the building is powered by one heating circulation pump. The chimney of a gas boiler has horizontal sections and is not thermally insulated. The existing power supply system is made carelessly, with twists. There is no wiring from the garage input panel throughout the building. The power of the input circuit breaker is not sufficient for comfortable power supply to a building of this class. There is no hot and cold water supply throughout the building. There is no wiring of low-current networks.

As a result of the examination of an individual residential building, the following conclusions can be drawn:

the load-bearing structures of the building have a high construction readiness;
finishing works and utility networks of the building have low construction readiness;
the structures and utility networks of the building have a number of defects identified during a visual inspection, these defects are recorded and described;
visual inspection of the roof is difficult due to snow cover;
the building has not been used for 8 years and shows signs of natural physical wear and tear.

Conclusion

Based on the technical inspection of an individual residential building, we can conclude:

The technical condition of the building's load-bearing structures is assessed as operational. To operate the building, it is necessary to eliminate identified defects and perform a set of works on engineering systems and finishing work.

Building survey- this is a specific list of operations, the purpose of which is to check the condition and defects of both the buildings themselves and any of its structural elements.

There are several main objectives of the survey:

Inspection and research before putting buildings into operation;

The main task is to check the compliance of the constructed building project documentation and also identify violations.

Inspection and research of buildings that have already been built.

Determining the deterioration of the building, the possible load-bearing structure of the building elements, taking parameters for the reconstruction of the building. Scheduled and unscheduled inspections.

Various laboratory tests of structural elements;

There are basic requirements for buildings and structures that must not be violated:

All buildings and structures must be strong and stable.
Lagging behind the building are cracks and damage.

All other deviations from the normal state of objects should be examined by trained engineers with experience working on the relevant objects and having specialized equipment available.

Any examination consists of several elements:

Primary. Study of design documentation, familiarization with the repair work carried out.

In this case, it is possible to determine the weak areas of the design schemes, as well as the places of maximum load and the theoretical degree of wear.

Visual inspection. An engineer examines the compliance of the object working documentation, searches for defects, draws up a plan for a more detailed examination. All surveys are carried out using non-destructive methods.

Important. Non-destructive methods are any types of examinations that do not require direct disabling of operating objects, without physical sampling of materials.

The visual examination includes:

Carrying out measurements of the property and subsequent production.
Drawing up a list of defects with photographic recording.
Assessing the reliability of building elements.

Upon completion of the visual inspection, the customer is provided with

List of defects, with a description of their nature, location on the diagrams;
Photo recording with the class and characteristics of defects;
Description of possible deformations of the building or its individual elements (deflections, tilts, bends, distortions, faults, etc.);
Identification of emergency areas;
Updating and sectional diagrams of the building;
Determination of load-bearing walls and structures with location on the drawings;
Preliminary analysis of the condition of load-bearing structures and utility networks;
Recommendations, estimates for eliminating identified deviations;

Full analysis with testing of structural elements and development of possible ways to solve the problems.

Definition design features parts of the building, assessment of the technical condition of the load-bearing and enclosing structures of the building to calculate the loads on the floors. Structural elements are subject to technical inspection: foundations, floors, walls.

Scope of services in case of full technical inspection:

List of works when inspecting base soils and foundations with
digging 4 pits for the building:
Analysis of engineering and geological conditions of the site ( land plot under the building);
Carrying out research pits to clarify parameters
foundation;
Selection of soil samples from under the foundation soles to clarify properties
soils;
Performing laboratory tests of foundation soils.
Foundation material testing;
Dynamic sensing to a certain depth (depending on the size and height of the building);
Carrying out verification calculations to determine the design resistance and maximum ground pressure.
Inspection of the technical condition of engineering networks.
Installation of deformation marks on the main structures of the building. (average 20 pieces)
Installation of geodetic marks
Leveling class II (building settlements) (depending on the number of corners of the building)

List of works during visual and instrumental examination of the above-ground part of the building:

Inspection of the technical condition of the building.
Inspection of building structures with sketches of defects and damage, photographic recording of defects and preparation of a defect list;
Determination of the strength of walls using non-destructive methods;
Carrying out openings of floors to clarify its composition and
determination of bearing capacity.
Sampling from structures for mycological studies - the number of samples for the laboratory is specified based on the results of autopsies.
Measurement work required for the survey
Analysis of archival materials.
Necessary calculations of load-bearing structures (floors, walls).
Determination of the building category based on the technical condition of structures according to TSN 50-302-204, GOST R53778-2010.

Sample estimate for building inspection

The estimate is compiled in prices for the third quarter of 2015. Prices are given per 100 m3 of building.

The estimate is based on the Directory base prices for measurement work and inspection of buildings and structures, State Enterprise "Tsentrinvestproekt", M., 1998.

The total volume of the building is 74,940 sq. m. m.

Sample terms of reference (for drawing up tender documentation):

In case of visual inspection:

Option 1

Technical task

Place, conditions and timing of work

1.1. Place of work: __________________________

1.2. Turnaround time: __________________________

1.3. The Contractor is obliged to carry out a visual inspection of the main load-bearing structures of the building with photographic recording, drawing up a report with conclusions and recommendations, developing statements and diagrams of defects non-residential building at the address: st. Millionnaya 30 lit.A.

1.4. Main technical and economic indicators of the building being examined:

Year of construction – _____, capital year. repair – _____

total area – ____

Purpose – __________________

2. Requirements for the description of work performed

2.1. Name of work performed: Conducting a visual inspection of the main load-bearing structures of a non-residential building in accordance with the requirements of GOST 31937-2011.

2.2. Requirements for the work performed:

2.2.1. An organization that meets the requirements established by law is allowed to carry out work. Russian Federation requirements for design organizations having a valid Certificate of Admission to perform this type of work.

2.2.2. The Contractor transfers to the Customer the design documentation developed by him in 3 copies on on paper and 1 copy on electronic media.

2.3. List of structures inspected and scope of work:

2.3.1. Inspection of concrete and reinforced concrete structures(according to clause 5.3.1. and appendix E GOST, without opening)

2.3.2. Inspection of stone structures ( without opening or probing)

2.3.3. Survey steel structures(according to clause 5.3.3. and appendix Zh GOST, without opening)

2.3.4. Inspection of wooden structures (clause 5.3.4., without opening or drilling)

2.3.5. Inspection of building elements of balconies, bay windows, loggias - clause 5.3.5., without opening

2.3.6. Inspection of stairs - clause 5.3.5. without opening

2.4. The result of the visual inspection is the development of a report on the technical condition of the main load-bearing structures of the building with:

— indicating the structural diagram of the building and describing the load-bearing structures of the building by floor;

— compiling lists of defects and damage based on external signs with their measurements and recording on diagrams;

— description of emergency areas (if any);

— developing conclusions about the condition of the building;

After conducting an inspection of the technical condition of the building, the information in the developed report should be sufficient to make an informed decision about the possibility of its further trouble-free operation.

The report is transferred to the Customer according to the Acceptance Certificate.

Sample technical specification Option 2

Technical task

Price guide for inspection of buildings and structures

Directory of basic prices for measurement work and inspection of buildings and structures, State Enterprise "Tsentrinvestproekt", M., 1998.

The final cost of the work is determined using the coefficient approved in a letter from the Russian Ministry of Construction. Latest edition letters and the required coefficient can be found on the Internet.

Result of technical inspection of buildings and structures

In a request for a commercial proposal, we only need a few characteristics: Address of the property, area of the property, number of floors, as well as the required type of survey.

Inspection of buildings and structures is a complex engineering work by assessing their technical condition (load-bearing structures, hulls, foundation soils, bearing capacity). A comprehensive inspection of buildings and structures, unlike the previous type (according to GOST 31937-2011, there is a simple and comprehensive inspection), also includes determining the technical condition of internal engineering systems/equipment and determination of thermal and acoustic properties of structures.

Inspection of buildings and structures is carried out using modern technologies:

laboratory for testing building structures and foundation soils;
non-destructive and destructive testing;
photographic recording of defects;
external inspection.

When is an examination necessary?

Before reconstruction, major repairs, modernization;
before putting into operation;
to control the quality of work performed;
in case of a dispute between the customer and the contractor;
in order to assess the damage caused natural disaster, fire, improper operation, design errors;
when defects and damage occur in structures;
when buying and selling;
for the purpose of restoring design and executive documentation;
to clarify the cost of work performed and construction materials;
when restoring lost design and as-built documentation;
to identify deviations from design and estimate documentation.

Frequency of examination

The frequency is established by GOST R 53778-2010 and GOST 31937-2011. The first inspection of a new serviceable facility must be carried out no later than two years after commissioning, subsequent inspections at least once every 10 years under favorable operating conditions and once every 5 years under unfavorable ones. If cracks, kinks or deformation of the structure are detected, immediate inspection is necessary to avoid an accident. research work.

The validity period of a building inspection depends on what category of condition it was assigned to and how high the need for re-inspection in the near future is. According to document RD 22-01.97, the maximum validity period of research results is 5 years.

Stages

Technical inspection of buildings and structures is carried out in 4 stages:

preparatory work;
visual inspection - assessment by external signs;
detailed examination - assessment based on instrumental analysis;
desk processing of data - preparation of documentation, development of recommendations.

Preparatory work

All preparatory work can be divided into 4 stages:

getting to know the object;
working with the archive;
analysis of design technical documentation;
development of a program of future actions.

Before starting work, you should familiarize yourself with the following types of documents:

design and executive documentation for the design and construction of a building (structure);
operating documentation;
documentation of repairs and reconstructions that took place;
reports from previous inspections.

Project documentation allows you to establish:

developer and year of development;
design diagram and geometric dimensions of the object;
assembly diagrams of prefabricated elements;
calculation schemes;
design loads and characteristics of all components (stone, concrete, reinforcement, etc.).

The following information can be found in the technical documentation:

terms of Use;
engineering and geological operating conditions;
data on deviations from the project;
indicators of design loads and their impacts according to PD;
equipment locations.

In addition to these documents, the following are studied:

work acceptance certificates;
acts for hidden work;
passports for prefabricated elements and materials;
building passport;
work production log;
documents on repairs and reconstructions carried out.

Based on the results of familiarization with the object and work with the archive and documents, a technical inspection program for the object is drawn up, which includes all stages of external and internal visual and instrumental inspection of the building.

Visual inspection

Visual inspection of buildings and structures is the process of inspecting the technical condition of buildings without the use of tools and carrying out verification calculations. The main purpose of the study is to identify deviations from the design documentation and the need to conduct a detailed study.

Carrying out a technical inspection of buildings includes:

ensuring access to structures (scaffolding, devices, technological platforms, overhead crane), turning off the power supply and providing heating if necessary;
visual inspection and recording of defects;
measurements of the dimensions of buildings and structures;
determining the condition of soils and structures by external signs;
drawing up a map of damages and defects by applying them to façade diagrams and plans;
drawing up a defective list in the form of a table indicating methods for eliminating identified damage;
photographic recording of damage;
drawing up a conclusion.

Based on the initial examination, if necessary, a detailed examination program is drawn up.

Detailed examination

A detailed examination is an assessment of the technical condition of a building based on instrumental and laboratory tests and calculations. The inspection of buildings ends with the writing of recommendations for correcting damage and further safe operation.

Carrying out a building inspection includes the following steps:

measuring work with compilation floor plans, facades, sections;
opening of reinforced concrete structures - determining the quantity, class, diameter of reinforcement, depth of carbonation of concrete, etc.;
opening the roof and floor, determining the condition and degree of load of the coating on the floors;
opening and evaluation of individual components of building structures;
digging holes for the foundation, taking soil samples;
instrumental inspection of buildings - the use of shock-pulse, ultrasonic methods, and the rib chipping method;
determination of the strength characteristics of metal structures (sampling for laboratories, sampling of shavings for chemical analysis);
identifying heat leaks using thermal imaging inspection;
drawing up an actual design scheme, carrying out verification calculations;
drawing up a map of defects and damages;
drawing up a defective statement;
drawing up a technical report.

Desk verification calculations

Desk verification calculations include:

assessment of technical condition;
data analysis and processing;
development of an engineering solution;
preparation and issuance of a conclusion.

Desk calculations include verification statistical calculations of building structures using software systems and thermal engineering calculations of enclosing structures.

Technical conclusion

The result of the study is a building inspection report or a technical conclusion. The first option is used when a small volume or part of a structure is examined, the second when in-depth research.

The technical report for the inspection of the building contains text and graphic parts.

The text part includes:

object description;
results on foundations and soils;
data on walls and partitions;
information on columns and pillars;
coating and roofing results;
conclusions;
recommendations.

Documentation contains detailed descriptions identified defects and damage, shortcomings, descriptions of materials, calculation results, strength characteristics, etc.

Graphic summary of the survey:

results of measurement work (drawings, facades, components);
maps of defects and damages;
list of defects and damages;
verification calculations;
instrumental tests;
ultrasonic testing;
results of geophysical studies of foundations and buried structures;
laboratory test results.

The conclusion is the main document on the basis of which conclusions are drawn regarding further interaction with the building/structure. It is subsequently transmitted to expert assessment and gets to work.

A visual inspection of buildings is a set of measures for a primary assessment of the condition of the building and all its elements. Based on a visual examination, one can judge the need for detailed studies of individual structures and systems with accurate instrumental measurements and laboratory studies.

Reasons for performing a visual examination:

make sure that repair, construction or restoration work is necessary;
determine the degree of emergency of the building and develop measures to eliminate problem areas;
find out reliably Current state object for making a decision on its acquisition;
get an idea of the state of the unfinished object and determine its future fate.

How is a visual examination performed?

The procedure for performing the examination and control methods are subject to a number of regulatory documents, in particular SP 13-102-2003 “Rules for inspection of load-bearing building structures of buildings and structures.” During the visual inspection, experts:

determine external defects and deformations of all elements and systems of the building;
carry out the measurements necessary to determine the technical condition of the object;
record defects and damage in the form of descriptions, sketches and photo reports;
check for the presence of deformations and disturbances characteristic of this type of structure (cracks, deflections, tilts, distortions, etc.);
identify emergency and potentially dangerous areas;
compile lists of specific defects and emergency areas with recommendations for their elimination.

Detailed examination of individual elements

The examination covers all elements of the building/structure, a visual inspection of the structures is carried out:

Roof. Depending on the type of roof, each element of the multilayer structure is inspected: external covering, waterproofing, vapor barrier, thermal insulation, rafter system, supporting system, ceilings (for a flat roof), as well as ventilation, chimneys and drains;
Walls and partitions. The inspection includes a detailed examination of all elements for the presence of characteristic damage (potholes, cracks) and negative impacts(freezing, exposure to moisture). Inspection of piers and interfaces between external walls and ceilings is carried out;
Foundation. The examination allows you to determine the presence of faults and potholes, curvature of masonry rows, divergence of walls, destruction of the waterproofing layer and the degree of soil subsidence;
Floors, ceilings and windows. The survey aims to identify general state structures and the presence of defects (cracks, distortions, discrepancies, swelling, etc.);
Facade. Checking the façade is one of the key stages of the inspection. It includes an inspection of the external part of the walls and its architectural elements (balconies, bay windows, cornices, pilasters, etc.). During the inspection, the condition of the masonry, decorative cladding of the building, and places adjacent to the outlets of utility networks are checked;
Load-bearing walls. The examination helps to identify hidden defects: masonry discrepancies, deviations in the vertical plane, cracks and other violations;
An inspection of engineering systems allows us to determine the technical condition of the building’s engineering networks and their compliance with the requirements of design documentation.

Reliability of survey results

The visual inspection method is carried out in a fairly short time, while the result is preliminary and may not fully reflect the current state of the object. To obtain more accurate results, it is recommended to conduct a visual and instrumental examination. Using special instruments, experts take samples to determine the detailed characteristics of materials and structures in terms of strength, degree of wear, etc.

Based on the results of the initial visual examination, a highly specialized examination can be offered: geotechnical research, examination of the foundation, floors, reinforced concrete, steel structures, etc.

Visual inspection report

All information obtained during the survey is documented.

Data on all identified defects and violations are entered into the defect lists: their location, degree of severity (in units of measurement corresponding specific indicator), as well as data from the experts who conducted the survey. Based on all the defective acts, the owner can draw up a project for the reconstruction of the building or decide to demolish it.

Similar data is entered into the inspection log of buildings and structures, and recommendations for eliminating defects are indicated.

The final result of the inspection includes information about the condition of the object and all identified defects with recommendations for their elimination. The document is drawn up in the form:

technical conclusion on the condition of the load-bearing structures of the building/structure.
act of visual inspection of the technical condition of the building/structure structures.

A visual inspection of buildings and structures allows us to give a preliminary assessment of their technical condition. Simple actions without the use of complex equipment often reveal structural defects that can lead to the destruction of an object.

Importance of Visual Inspection

An unprepared customer often perceives inspection of an object with the naked eye as something useless. He has more confidence in a specialist with a device in his hands. Meanwhile, visual inspection has a number of important advantages:

during its implementation, the object is examined completely, and not selectively, as is done during instrumental research;
only with its help can one detect areas subject to instrumental research and the scope of this type of work;
the emergency condition of structures is determined by the presence of cracks, defrosting of masonry and other defects without the use of expensive equipment - the eyes of an experienced specialist are enough for this;
The purpose of the technical inspection is to determine the category of technical condition.

Often the purpose of the work is to assess the category of technical condition of structures. The corresponding conclusions can be drawn based on the results of a visual examination. Neither complex calculations nor instrumental control will be needed in this case.

Procedure

The quality of the visual examination depends on strict adherence to the sequence of operations. First, a total inspection of the object is carried out, and a list is compiled

A full site inspection is carried out. All defects that come into view are entered into a list.
The first results are analyzed: the degree of significance of the defects is assessed, the causes of formation are determined, and the structures on which they were found are noted.
The technology for fixing defects is selected - element-by-element, floor-by-floor, end-to-end or other numbering system, using symbols, etc.
The basis for damage and defect maps is being developed.
Defective maps are drawn up
At the same time, the damaged areas are photographed.
Using tools, defect parameters are measured (corrosion depth, crack width, etc.).
Conduct geodetic measurements of changes in shape (deformation) of building structures.
Defective statements and cards are drawn up.

A map of defects is drawn up separately for each type of structure: floors, walls, roofing, which allows a more detailed assessment of the volume and the need for a detailed examination of each structure.

Survey results

After processing the received data, the customer is issued a conclusion, which reflects the technical condition of the object as a whole and its individual building elements. In addition, the document contains recommendations on:

the possibility of further operation and the conditions under which it remains safe;
the need for a detailed survey and its methods, indicating the places subject to it;
priority measures to ensure the continued use of the facility

If no additional research is required, the conclusion of the visual inspection is considered final.