Cashless payments- these are settlements (payments) carried out without the use of cash, through the transfer of funds to accounts with credit institutions and offsets mutual demands. Non-cash payments are of great economic importance in accelerating the turnover of funds, reducing the cash required for circulation, and reducing distribution costs; organizing cash payments using non-cash money is much preferable to cash payments. The widespread use of non-cash payments is facilitated by an extensive network of banks, as well as the state’s interest in their development, both for the above reason and for the purpose of studying and regulating macroeconomic processes.

IN Russian Federation The Central Bank has established the following types of non-cash payments:

Settlements by payment orders

Settlements under letters of credit

Payments by checks

Payments for collection

Calculations by payment requests

Payment order- this is an order of the account owner (payer) to the bank servicing him, documented by a payment document, to transfer a certain amount of money to the recipient’s account opened in this or another bank. Payment orders can be in paper or electronic form.

Usually payment order drawn up in four copies: the 1st copy is intended for the payer, the 2nd - for the payer's bank, the 3rd and 4th are transferred to the recipient's bank. Payment orders are accepted by the bank regardless of availability Money on the payer’s account, but are executed only if there are sufficient funds on it.

Payment orders can be used to transfer funds:

for goods supplied, work performed, services rendered, for advance payment of goods, work, services, or for making periodic payments;

to budgets of all levels and to extra-budgetary funds;

for the purpose of returning/placing credits (loans)/deposits and paying interest on them;

for other purposes provided for by law or agreement.

After the bank employee checks the correctness of filling out and processing payment orders on all copies (except the last one) accepted for execution of payment orders, in the “Receipt of payments to the bank” field, the responsible executive of the bank enters the date of receipt of the payment order by the bank.

The last copy of the payment order, in which the bank’s stamp, the date of receipt of the payment order and the signature of the responsible executor are affixed in the “Bank Marks” field. The bank that has accepted the payer's payment order is obliged to transfer the specified amount of money to the recipient's bank for crediting it to the account of the person specified in the order. If necessary, the bank has the right to attract other banks to perform operations to transfer funds to the account specified in the client’s order. The bank is obliged, at the request of the payer, to inform him about the execution of the order.

Letter of Credit- this is a conditional monetary obligation accepted by the bank on behalf of the applicant (payer under the letter of credit), to make a payment in favor of the recipient of funds under the letter of credit, the amount specified in the letter of credit upon submission of documents by the latter to the bank in accordance with the terms of the letter of credit within the terms specified in the text of the letter of credit, or to pay , accept or honor a bill of exchange, or authorize another bank (executing bank) to make such payments or pay, accept or honor a bill of exchange).

A security containing an unconditional order from the drawer to the bank to pay the amount specified in it to the check holder. The drawer is a person who has funds in the bank, which he has the right to dispose of by issuing checks, the check holder is the person in whose favor the check was issued, the payer is the bank in which the drawer's funds are located.

The drawer does not have the right to revoke a check before the expiration of the established period for presenting it for payment.

There are cash checks and payment checks. Cash checks are used to pay the holder of the check cash at the bank, for example, for wages, household needs, travel expenses etc.

Payment checks- these are checks used for non-cash payments, this is a document of the established form containing an unconditional written order from the drawer to his bank to transfer a certain amount of money from his account to the account of the recipient of the funds. Check acceptance- this is a mark indicating the consent of the payer’s bank to transfer the amount specified in the check to the recipient’s account.

Collection- an intermediary banking operation for the transfer of funds from the payer to the recipient through a bank with the transfer of these funds to the recipient’s account. Banks charge commissions for performing collections.

Collection- a banking settlement operation through which the bank, on behalf of its client, receives, on the basis of settlement documents, funds due to the client from the payer for goods and materials shipped to the payer and services provided and credits these funds to the client’s bank account.

Collection can be clean and documentary.

Clean collection- collection of financial documents (transferable and promissory notes, checks and other similar documents used to receive payments) when they are not accompanied by commercial documents.

Documentary collection- this is the collection of financial documents accompanied by commercial documents (invoices, transport and insurance documents, etc.), as well as the collection of only commercial documents. Documentary collection in international trade is the obligation of the bank to receive, on behalf of the exporter, from the importer the amount of payment under the contract against the transfer of commodity documents to the latter and transfer it to the exporter.

Disadvantages of the collection form of payment: 1) The time gap between the shipment of goods, the transfer of documents to the bank and the receipt of payment, which can be quite long, which slows down the turnover of the exporter’s funds; 2) Lack of reliability in payment for documents (may refuse to pay for trade documents or become insolvent by the time they arrive at the importer’s bank). These disadvantages are overcome by using telegraphic collection, which reduces the unwanted time gap, as well as by using collection with a pre-issued bank guarantee, which makes it possible to create payment security close to that which arises under irrevocable letters of credit.

Payment request(colloquially “payment”) is a payment document containing a demand from the creditor (supplier) to the debtor (payer) to pay a certain amount of money through the bank.

To settle a payment request, the payer's acceptance is required. However, in certain cases (if this is stipulated in the agreement between the payer and the recipient or if such a case is stipulated in the law), it is possible to make payments without acceptance.

Acceptance- the response of the person to whom the offer is addressed about its acceptance. Acceptance - consent to payment. According to Russian law, acceptance must be complete and unconditional (acceptance of an offer on different terms is recognized as a new offer).

Recipient company. Cashless payments are considered more preferable than cash payments, as they help accelerate financial turnover and minimize distribution costs. The spread of the non-cash payment system is facilitated by the development of banking networks and the state’s interest in such transactions.

Cashless payments: basic principles

The following principles for implementing non-cash payments are considered fundamental:

1. 1. All organizations must keep a certain amount of money in bank accounts in order to be able to make cashless payment any time.

1. 2. Payments are made by order of the account owners and within the limit established by the credit institution.

1. 3. The payer has the right to independently choose the form of non-cash payment; the bank plays the role of an arbitrator.

1. 4. Payment is made in accordance with the terms determined by law and the agreement between the bank and the client. The principle of urgency is of key importance: knowing how long it will take to receive funds via bank transfer, the company can organize effective foreign exchange turnover and competently manage debt.

1. 5. must be maintained at such a level that uninterrupted payments are possible.

What forms can non-cash payments take?

- Full-format payments include all details of the payment document.

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Companies prefer non-cash payments, since in this case they can save on distribution costs. Non-cash payments are widely used due to the extensive network of banks and the country's interest in their development.

The essence of the issue

Every enterprise that makes or accepts payments from counterparties should become familiar with the concept of non-cash payments.

What it is?

Cashless payments – cash settlements, which are carried out according to account records in banking institutions, when money is debited from the accounts of companies that transfer it and credited to the addressee’s account.

There is a system for organizing such calculations, which means a set of principles and requirements that are presented to the enterprise.

This is also a set of forms and methods of payment and the associated documentation circulation. Non-cash payments are the main component of all cash payments.

Their classification

Considering the type of settlement documentation, the following are distinguished:

• calculations that are carried out on the basis of payment requests;
• settlements carried out on the basis of collection orders;
• calculations that are carried out on the basis of;
• check payments;
• letter of credit.

Settlement documentation on paper is drawn up on forms that are approved by law and produced in a printing house or using a computer.

Taking into account the method used to organize payment, there are:

Calculations	When a mutual demand is read out
Planned calculations	In which the amount is transferred from the accounts of buyers to the accounts of companies that sold the goods, taking into account the price of the goods received or provided
Factoring operation	At which they are transmitted debentures companies to factoring institution
Leasing operation	When services are provided with the right to subsequently purchase an object
Full calculations of amounts	What is reflected in the settlement documentation, calculation based on the balance of mutual claims of the payer and recipient
Settlements with guaranteed transfers	When there is a preliminary deposit in a separate bank account at the location of the payers with the possibility of further debiting from the accounts, when funds are credited to the accounts of buyers at the location of the payers

Taking into account the nature of economic connections, non-cash payments are represented by the following types:

Taking into account the method of selling the goods, calculations can be:

Relevance of the topic

The most important condition for the functioning of the economy is a reliable payment system that can ensure dynamic and stable turnover when transferring money between economic agents.

In the presence of an effective non-cash payment system, payments are accelerated, payment security is increased, cash is replaced and distribution costs are reduced, printing costs are reduced, etc.

A clear organization of cash payments is relevant, since the monetary stage of the turnover of amounts is of great importance in the work of the company.

Legal regulation

The main legislative sources for regulating payments:

1. Civil Code of Russia.
2. Law On Banks and Activities of Banking Institutions.

Emerging nuances

The form of organizing non-cash circulation is payment systems. The basis is settlements between companies, citizens,...

The system ensures non-cash circulation between companies, the purpose of which is to timely, correctly and fully fulfill payment obligations.

If calculations are not timely, it will worsen financial condition settlement participant, trust is undermined, and a stable financial system is disrupted.

The Russian payment system is represented by a number of elements that will ensure the fulfillment of debt obligations that arise when conducting economic activity.

How does this payment system work?

Settlements are carried out primarily on accounts that must be held by both payers and recipients. Non-cash payments are made by companies and individuals through the banks where accounts were opened.

Bank accounts are drawn up between the parties.

It is worth adhering to the following principles when organizing non-cash payments:

Payments must be made through a bank account	Which is open for storing and transferring money. Payments must be made through banking institutions
Payments are made by banking institutions based on the order of the account owners according to the rules of priority	What is established within account balances
Adhere to the principle of freedom when a company chooses a non-cash payment form	And their approval in the contract, when banks do not interfere in the relationship. (There is information about the above principles in).
Calculations are carried out taking into account the deadlines established in the credit instructions of the Ministry of Finance,	Urgent payments can be made: before the trading operations until the goods are shipped ( ); after the operation is completed; some time after the completion of trading operations (commercial loan without debt obligations, promissory note). Early, deferred and late payments may occur
The principle of security of payment, when the paying company must have liquid funds	What can be applied when paying off obligations to the person to whom the money is addressed

Organize a system of non-cash payments, taking into account the following components:

• principles of organizing payments, which are mandatory for each entity;
• an account system that will allow you to make cashless payments;
• system of payment forms, documentation and document circulation procedures.

Based on bank accounts, settlement monetary documents. Calculations must be carried out so that the payment is made as quickly as possible, so that the reproduction process is continuous and accelerated, and the funds are circulated.

Payment is made by bank transfer by transfer to current accounts recipients.

Who sets the rules for making such calculations?

Settlements between companies are carried out by banking institutions (the bank opens a current account for the client), and between banking institutions - by RCC.

Settlement transactions on bank accounts can be performed using correspondent account bank that opens from each other, based on .

If economic authorities come to an agreement, offsets of mutual debts may not be carried out through a bank.

When obligations are not fully terminated during offset, payment documents are submitted to banks to transfer the remaining money after offset.

The Government of Russia performs the functions of regulating settlements and determines limit amounts cash settlements and standards for conducting settlement transactions.

The Bank of the Russian Federation is a body that regulates and issues a cash settlement center when organizing non-cash payments.

It establishes the procedure, deadline, form and standards for carrying out settlements. The rules for making non-cash payments are discussed in the Regulations on Non-Cash Payments in the Russian Federation.

Transaction tools

The economic base is the production process of a material nature. The majority are settlements for transactions involving goods shipped, work performed, and services provided. Rest money turnover– settlements for non-commodity transactions.

Different forms are used - payment methods and documentary circulation. Current:

• extracts and their provision to another participant in settlement transactions;
• content of settlement documentation and its details;
• the period when the settlement document is drawn up and the rules for submitting it to the banking institution and other participant;
• movement of documents between banks;
• rules and terms for payment of documents, transfers and receipt of money;
• rules for the use of settlement documents during mutual control of participants in settlement transactions.

The documentation must reflect the name of the document, payers, and recipients.

Current accounts are opened:

• public, religious and trade union organizations;
• representative offices and branches that are on independent balance sheets, but do not have permission from a higher authority;
• non-self-supporting divisions and branches

Subaccounts:

• open to a non-self-supporting unit;
• open at the request of parent companies;
• opened on the orders of banking institutions that serve the parent company, etc.

The following budget accounts are opened:

• temporary to credit the authorized capital funds;
• special loan to carry out lending operations when they receive loans from a banking institution where there is no current account.
• deposit to receive additional profit for storing money for certain periods.

What does the moment of fulfillment of a monetary obligation mean?

You don’t quite understand how this concept is deciphered? Let's try to figure it out. When fulfilling settlement obligations, it is worth determining the moment of their fulfillment.

There are no clear rules that apply when returning excess tax amounts based , .

The Supreme Arbitration Court explains that the payer is recognized as having fulfilled his obligations at the moment when the corresponding amount is received in specified by recipients funds from a banking institution.

What is the economic essence?

Most of the cash turnover is non-cash payments. Their share in the Russian Federation is 60%, and in developed countries – 90%.

Transactions on the company's current accounts reflect changes in debt claims and obligations. Within the company they reflect how it is distributed and redistributed national product and national profit.

If the smooth operation of banking institutions is organized, non-cash payments contribute to the following:

• turnover of funds accelerates;
• payments are made faster;
• the amount of cash needed in circulation is reduced;
• circulation costs are reduced - additional costs for printing and counting money required when making cash payments.

Using non-cash payments, they are developing an extensive banking network. The country's interest itself also plays an important role.

Existing problems

There is no single payment system. The one that operates does not meet the standards set by international level. A number of segments of the payment system differ from each other in terms of the level of technological development.

Many payments are made to this day through the microfinance institutions of the settlement networks of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. But it does not meet the requirements for speed and quality of implementation.

Integration into global payment systems is slow. Such problems are being solved in several directions:

1. The forms of organizing settlements through the Central Bank settlement network are being improved.
2. Electronic payments are widely used and modern technologies using a computer and a computer network.
3. New forms of organizing payments are being developed.

The Bank is implementing a number of activities aimed at improving the state's payment system. The quality of settlements is gradually improving and a platform is being prepared so that a modern form of organization of settlements can be introduced.

Measures to improve the calculation methodology are being developed and implemented. Without legal provisions, the payment system will be subject to instability. There will be legal risks for banking institutions and the entire economy.

In the Russian Federation there is still no legislative framework, which would regulate electronic payments. There are areas in which work is being carried out:

• information technologies are being developed;
• provide comprehensive protection of banking activities;
• metrological support for operations in banks takes place;
• provide standardization of the procedure for making payments, conducting operations, accounting and reporting for banking systems.

Distinctive features of payment instruments

We list a number of distinctive features:

• the executing party is a banking institution;
• banks do not have the right to write off money from accounts unless there is the client’s consent;
• banks cannot control spending sums of money clients;
• payments are made if there is a sufficient balance in customer accounts;
• Documentary forms of settlement documentation must strictly comply.

Prospects for the development of non-cash payments

It is necessary to implement not only modern system transmission and processing of accounting operational data, but also to comply with the requirements for compliance with the Central Bank settlement networks and the objectivity of the payment system at each stage of improvement.

It is necessary to reform the tools and procedures that are used when transferring money, the system of Central Bank institutions. In the near future, the Russian Federation plans to abandon paper media data and work with electronic documentation.

The Bank believes that it is necessary to carry out transactions in order to provide a mechanism for delivery against payments, payments that are carried out by the clearing and settlement house in order to complete settlements.

The telecommunications network of the Central Bank will develop, which will ensure the constant operation of the payment system. The calculation apparatus will become whole system gross settlements in real time.

They will develop an interface for interaction with the settlement and clearing house, the settlement system for securities, intrabank settlement system.

You can move to promising systems if a unified data transmission and processing network is created. The calculation network must have the following components:

Features for subjects

Let's find out what to pay attention to. What is worth knowing about non-cash payments carried out at enterprises and individual entrepreneurs?

At the enterprise

To exercise settlement transactions, open bank accounts by providing a number of documents. After this, most of the payments are made - for loan repayment, sale of goods, payment of money to employees, etc.

It is important to distinguish between operations that are related to business activity and those that are not related to it, which is not so easy to do from a legal point of view.

Non-cash payments are the majority of payments between business entities. And the government is committed to developing an appropriate payment system.

It is hoped that non-cash payments will be improved in the near future, as the authorities are taking appropriate measures. At the moment, it is worth relying on the norms that exist.

Every day, more and more institutions are switching to non-cash payments with their clients. The situation is similar with individual entrepreneurs. Banks provide special terminals for non-cash payments completely free of charge. At the same time, if necessary...

Today, in accordance with current legislative norms, it is necessary to provide the possibility of payment by bank transfer. Moreover, both for retail clients and for wholesale ones. Non-cash payments are carried out by private individuals and legal entities. It is important to understand the basic forms in advance...

Let us determine what basic principles of organizing non-cash payments exist, as well as what rules should be remembered when making such payments in the Russian Federation. In addition to cash amounts, the organization also has non-cash payments at its disposal. ContentsImportant information Basics of organizing non-cash payments...

Cashless payments- settlements carried out between an individual and a legal entity without the use of cash, by transferring funds through a bank from the payer’s settlement (current) account to the recipient’s account.

This payment format is available to everyone - legal entities, entrepreneurs and ordinary citizens.

Cashless payment is one of the most convenient payment options due to high speed making payments and the almost complete absence of regulatory restrictions on making payments.

During non-cash payments, funds are credited and written off electronically.

At the end of the working day, the account owner is provided with an account statement, which reflects the balance at the beginning and end of the day, as well as all incoming and outgoing transactions, which allows the account owner to control cash flows.

Forms of non-cash payments

There are several forms in which non-cash payments are made:

settlements using payment orders;

settlements via letter of credit;

settlements through collection orders or collection;

payments through check books;

calculations using plastic cards;

settlements in the form of electronic money transfer.

Settlements using payment orders

In this case, a document is drawn up, which contains an instruction to the bank to transfer the amount specified in the payment document at the expense of the payer.

A payment order as a form of payment for the execution of a transfer is payment instruction, according to which the sending bank transfers funds to the receiving bank to the person specified in the order.

The parties are the payer and the payee, the participant is the bank that carries out the transfer operation.

The transfer is carried out within the time frame and to the person specified in the order.

The validity period of the payment order is ten days, which does not include the day the document was drawn up.

Settlements via letter of credit

A letter of credit is a special account that is used for settlements on transactions requiring the mediation of a bank.

A letter of credit is an order from the buyer's bank to the supplier's bank to pay the invoices of this supplier for goods shipped or services provided under the conditions specified in the letter of credit application.

Payments under a letter of credit include:

the applicant who applies to the bank with a request to open a letter of credit;

recipient of funds;

a bank that is engaged to transfer a letter of credit to the recipient of funds.

In the case of making payments using a letter of credit, the payer instructs the bank to transfer funds to the recipient, but only if the recipient complies with the funds special conditions, for example, delivery of goods, provision of documents and other conditions.

Settlements using a letter of credit are carried out as follows.

The buyer opens a letter of credit with his bank and transfers there the cost of his purchase.

The supplier will be able to receive these funds provided that the goods are delivered and the accompanying documents are transferred to the bank where the letter of credit is opened.

And only after this the bank transfers funds.

The convenience of this form of payment lies in the security of the transaction.

Settlements through collection orders or collection

Such calculations are possible only if the claimant (recipient) has the right to make claims against the debtor's (payer) account.

These rights may be provided for by law or by an agreement concluded between the account holder (debtor) and the bank.

Collection is inherently demanding.

Thus, the recipient of funds, in order to collect the required amount, must provide the bank holding the payer’s account with the necessary information about the debtor and his obligation.

Payments using check books

Payments by checks from checkbooks are made by:

legal entities (entrepreneurs) or individual entrepreneurs- check holders who are recipients of payment on a check from checkbook;

individuals - check drawers.

In this case, funds are written off from the drawer's account to the check holder's account or cash is issued to him.

Checks are settled only if the drawer has a sufficient amount of money in his account and after the identity of the bearer of the check has been confirmed and the authenticity of the check itself has been verified.

Payments using plastic cards

A plastic card is a payment instrument through which its holders can make non-cash payments and receive cash. Payments with plastic cards presuppose the presence of a certain system, which includes banks and other participants who jointly issue into circulation and carry out transactions using plastic cards.

Non-cash payments using plastic cards are made in accordance with an agreement concluded by the bank with the owner of the payment system in accordance with the standards and rules established by it.

Payments in the form of electronic money transfer

As part of this type of non-cash payments, a citizen () provides the operator with funds from his personal bank account for conducting transactions.

Principles of non-cash payments

The non-cash payment system is based on the following principles:

principle of legality. All non-cash transactions are carried out in accordance with legal requirements and are carried out only within the framework of the law;

principle of sufficiency of funds. All settlement transactions must be secured with an amount sufficient to make payments;

principle of acceptance. This principle is that without the consent or prior notice of the account holder, no funds can be debited from the account;

the principle of conducting all operations on the basis of a contract. This principle is based on the fact that the servicing bank is obliged to act only within the framework of the agreement valid between it and the account holder, which establishes the rules of relations between the bank and the owner of the account opened with the bank;

principle of urgency of payment. This means that any payment made from a bank account must be made within the deadline specified by the payer;

• the principle of freedom of choice. The essence of this principle is that the payment participant is free to choose any type of non-cash payments. And the bank cannot influence this choice.

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Cashless payments- these are settlements (payments) made without the use of cash, that is, by transferring a certain amount from one account of a credit institution to another, which are accompanied by the offset of mutual claims. Banks are intermediaries in such operations, that is, such payments are transferred to their accounts.

This form of payment speeds up the turnover of funds and reduces the amount of cash that is needed for circulation. This form of payment is the most preferable for doing business today.

According to current legislation, settlements between legal entities, as well as settlements with the participation of citizens related to their implementation entrepreneurial activity, are made in cashless order.

Settlements between these persons can also be made in cash. But there is an essential condition for this situation: size limit cash settlements between legal entities under one transaction is equal to 60 thousand rubles.

Thus, if an organization makes cash payments under one agreement, these payments should not exceed 60 thousand rubles. At the same time, she has the opportunity to pay for this transaction by bank transfer, for which no limits have been established. If cash payments are made under several agreements, the maximum amount of cash payments should not exceed 60 thousand rubles. for each contract separately. Therefore, if the contract amount exceeds the specified amount of 60 thousand rubles, the payment must be made in cashless form.

Now let's move on to the types of non-cash payments. You can choose one of the following types of calculations:

• settlements by payment orders;
• settlements under a letter of credit;
• payments by checks;
• collection settlements;
• settlements with payment requirements.

To carry out such calculations, the following payment documents are used, corresponding to each type of such calculations:

• money orders;
• letters of credit;
• checks;
• payment requirements;
• collection orders.

The total period for making non-cash payments should not exceed:

• two operational days within the territory of a subject of the Federation;
• five operational days within the territory of the Russian Federation.

If we talk about the advantages and disadvantages of such payment systems, we can highlight the following provisions:

Pros:

1. Flexibility of payments, since “chains” of transactions with various additional payments can be serviced.
2. Availability bank documents, i.e. easy provability of calculations.
3. Impossibility of fraud with counterfeit money, “dolls”, etc.
4. Reducing costs associated with the transportation of cash, its accounting and storage;
5. Unlimited period of storage of funds in bank accounts;
6. Lack of a cash register and the need for its maintenance;
7. All cash is subject to mandatory delivery to the Bank after three days from the moment it is received at the cash desk (with the exception of funds for paying employees - salaries, which can be kept in the cash register for no more than 5 days), that is, cash is still subject to mandatory transfer in a non-cash form, so the initial non-cash payment will allow you to avoid making additional transactions with the bank and save time and money.

Minuses:

1. There is a danger of encountering or becoming dependent on the Bank’s “problems”, that is, difficulties or even the impossibility of transferring or withdrawing money from the account.
2. Increase in expenses associated with the appearance of various additional payments to the Bank for transactions performed.
3. A regular cash flow is required to pay for bank services and payments wages employees, which is not very convenient for small entrepreneurs starting out;
4. Constant interaction with the bank is required, which includes certain costs;

Mostly, this type payment has clear advantages over cash payment, and the disadvantages can be eliminated if you carefully approach the issue of choosing a Bank and work within the framework current legislation. Good luck!

What is cashless payment? What does non-cash payment mean?

What is cashless payment?

What does non-cash payment mean?

Cashless payments– a payment made without the use of cash, that is, money is credited to the recipient’s Bank account from the payer’s bank account through the bank. Non-cash payments are carried out through the bank, using mutual offsets, clearing settlements, credit cards, checks, bills. The functions that non-cash payments perform: accelerates the circulation of funds, reduces the need for cash when making transactions; reduces cash circulation costs. Non-cash movement of money is difficult to hide from regulatory authorities, therefore the state promotes an increase in the share of non-cash payments in money circulation countries.

To make most non-cash payments, an individual must open a current account with a bank. The bank can carry out a money transfer on behalf of individual and without opening an account (this option will be discussed below), the exception is postal transfers. A current account is opened on the basis of a bank account agreement, which provides for settlement transactions not related to business activities. To open a current account (conclude a bank account agreement), an individual submits the following documents to the bank:

— passport or other document proving identity in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;

— “Card with samples of signatures and seal impressions” form 0401026 All-Russian classifier management documentation OK 011-93 (hereinafter referred to as f. 0401026), drawn up in the manner established by the Bank of Russia (Instruction of the Central Bank of Russia dated June 21, 2003 No. 1297-u “On the procedure for issuing cards with sample signatures and seal imprints”);

- other documents, provided for by law and/or bank account agreement.

If the data specified by an individual in the bank account agreement changes, he notifies the bank about this in the manner and within the time frame established by the agreement. When changing the last name, first name or patronymic by an individual, it must be presented to the bank new document, identification document on the basis of which a new f. card is issued. 0401026.

An individual has the right to grant another individual (trusted person) the right to dispose of funds in his current account on the basis of a power of attorney, which is certified by the bank in the presence of the principal and certified by the bank's seal. The power of attorney can also be certified by a notary. If a power of attorney is used, an additional card f. is provided to the bank. 0401026. Terminate the power of attorney for disposal current account the principal can by submitting a corresponding application to the bank.

The bank writes off funds from the current account of an individual by order of the account owner or without his order (for example, by court decision) on the basis of settlement documents within the limits of funds available in the account. If there are no funds in the current account of an individual at the time of debiting the funds, as well as the right to receive a loan, including an overdraft, stipulated by the contract between a bank and an individual, settlement documents are not subject to execution and are returned to payers or collectors in the manner established by Regulation No. 2-P.

Possibility for an individual to make non-cash transfers to foreign currency directly depends on whether such a person is a resident of the Russian Federation for the purposes of currency regulation. In turn, citizens of the Russian Federation are recognized as residents, with the exception of those permanently residing or temporarily staying (on the basis of a work or study visa) in a foreign country for at least a year (subclause “a”, paragraph 6, part 1, article 1 of the Law of December 10, 2003 N 173-FZ).

Cases when non-cash transfers in foreign currency are permitted and prohibited

Transfers in foreign currency between residents and non-residents, as well as between non-residents, are carried out without restrictions (Articles 6, 10 of Law No. 173-FZ).

Transfers in foreign currency between residents are prohibited, except established cases, including (clauses 12, 13, 17, part 1, article 9 of Law No. 173-FZ):

• transfer from the Russian Federation in favor of resident individuals to their accounts in banks outside the territory of the Russian Federation, subject to restrictions on the amount;
• transfer by a resident in the Russian Federation from a bank account outside the territory of the Russian Federation in favor of resident individuals to their bank accounts in the territory of the Russian Federation;
• transfer from your bank accounts in the territory of the Russian Federation in favor of resident spouses or close relatives to their bank accounts in the territory of the Russian Federation or abroad.

Residents can also make transfers of foreign currency to their own bank accounts both in the Russian Federation and abroad. Limits on the amount in in this case not installed.

Non-cash transfers in foreign currency can be carried out either from an account opened with a bank or without opening such an account.

Non-cash transfers from an account opened with a bank

When making a wire transfer in foreign currency from your account, you need to contact the bank where you have an account and submit certain documents.

So, you will need to present a document proving your identity and provide information about the recipient of the transfer (full name, name and details of the bank in which the recipient has an account, and the recipient’s account number). In addition, you will need to submit documents that the bank may request from you in order to carry out exchange control, including (Part 4, Article 12 of Law No. 173-FZ; Clause 1 of Bank of Russia Directive No. 1868-U dated July 20, 2007):

1) when making a transfer for an amount exceeding USD 5,000 (or the equivalent at the Bank of Russia exchange rate on the date the funds were written off), information on confirmation of the recipient’s currency and accounting status (that the recipient is a non-resident). Banks independently determine in what form such information should be provided. This could be, for example, a copy of the recipient’s foreign citizen’s passport or an indication of the recipient’s non-resident status in the “Purpose of payment” column of the payment document;

2) when making a transfer to your bank account outside the territory of the Russian Federation - a notification submitted by the resident to the tax authority at the place of his registration about the opening of this account with a mark tax authority about its acceptance. Specified notice is presented only when making the first transfer. In the future it is not required;

3) when making a transfer to your spouse or close relative- documents (copies thereof) confirming relationship, in particular a citizen’s passport, birth or marriage certificates.

The specified documents are not required if you are making a transfer to your spouse or relative to his account opened in a bank outside the territory of the Russian Federation for an amount not exceeding $5,000 (or the equivalent at the Bank of Russia exchange rate on the date the funds were written off).

Wire transfers without opening an account

Non-cash transfers without opening an account to individuals are carried out through money transfer systems.

To implement them, you need to make sure that there are service points for the selected system in the country and city where the recipient is present. money transfer. As a rule, service points are banks with which payment systems have contractual relations.

At the payment system service point, you will need to present a document proving your identity and provide information about the recipient of the transfer (full name of the transfer recipient, country, city). After depositing funds into the cashier, you will be given a control code or other transfer identifier. This information it will be necessary to transfer it to the recipient of the transfer so that he can receive the funds.

A transfer without opening a bank account is carried out within no more than three working days from the date of provision of cash for such a transfer (Part 5 of Article 5 of the Law of June 27, 2011 N 161-FZ).

When making a transfer from the Russian Federation without opening a bank account through an authorized bank, there is also a restriction on the transfer amount. So, translation within one trading day through one bank cannot exceed an amount equivalent to $5,000 at the Bank of Russia exchange rate on the date of application for the transfer (clause 5, 9, part 3, article 14 of Law N 173-FZ; Bank of Russia Directive dated March 30. 2004 N 1412-U).

Note!

If a foreign state introduces prohibitions in relation to payment systems, the operators of which are registered by the Bank of Russia, a non-cash transfer without opening an account can be carried out from the Russian Federation to such a state, if the payment system operators, payment infrastructure service operators, foreign organizations(except for foreign banks and credit institutions), based on the agreements with which the translation is made, are under the control Russian organizations(Part 1, 2 of Article 19.1 of Law No. 161-FZ).

Features of electronic money transfer

Non-cash transfer without opening a bank account is also possible when transferring electronic funds (hereinafter referred to as EMF) using electronic payment systems (for example, WebMoney, Yandex.Money and Qiwi). At the same time, EMF transfers in foreign currency are subject to the requirements of the currency legislation of the Russian Federation (Part 3 of Article 5, Part 24 of Article 7 of Law No. 161-FZ).

Help.Electronic money

Electronic means are those funds that are previously provided by an individual to the EDS operator to fulfill his monetary obligations to third parties and in respect of which this individual has the right to transmit orders exclusively using electronic means of payment (clause 18 of Article 3 of Law N 161-FZ) .

In this case, an individual can provide funds to the e-money operator with or without using a bank account.

Also, funds in his favor can be provided to the EDS operator by organizations or individual entrepreneurs, if such a possibility is provided for in an agreement between an individual and the EDS operator. In turn, the latter creates a record of the amount of funds provided to him (Part 2, 4, Article 7 of Law No. 161-FZ).

The transfer of EDS in favor of their recipients is usually carried out on the basis of an order from an individual - the payer, and in some cases - at the request of EDS recipients. At the same time, EMF payers and recipients can be clients of one or several EMF operators (Parts 7, 8, Article 7 of Law No. 161-FZ).

As a rule, a transfer is carried out by simultaneous acceptance by the e-money operator of the payer’s order, reducing its e-money balance and increasing the recipient’s e-money balance by the amount of the transfer. Translation using a specially designed payment card carried out within no more than three working days after the EDS operator accepts the payer’s order. A shorter period may be provided for by an agreement between the e-money operator and the payer or by the rules of the payment system. After this, the EDS transfer becomes irrevocable and monetary obligations the payer to the recipient of the EDS are terminated (clause 26, article 3, parts 10, 11, 15, 17, article 7 of Law No. 161-FZ).