RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

SNiP 31-01-2003

STATE COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING AND UTILITY COMPLEX (GOSSTROY OF RUSSIA)

FOREWORD

1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State unitary enterprise- Center for Rationing and Standardization Methodology in Construction (FGUP CNS), TsNIIEPzhilischa OJSC, MNIITEP, Research Institute of Human Ecology and Hygiene environment them. A.A. Sysin with the participation of a team of specialists from leading research and design organizations

INTRODUCED by the Department of technical regulation, standardization and certification in construction and housing and communal services of the Gosstroy of Russia

2 ADOPTED AND PUT INTO EFFECT on October 1, 2003 by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated June 23, 2003 No. 109

3 INSTEAD OF SNiP 2.08.01-89*

INTRODUCTION

Sections 4, 6 - 10 of these standards contain requirements that meet the objectives of technical regulations and are subject to mandatory compliance, taking into account part 1 of article 46 federal law"ABOUT technical regulation».

Multi-apartment residential buildings, started by construction according to the design documentation developed and approved before January 1, 2004, can be built and put into operation without adjusting the design documentation in accordance with the requirements of these rules and regulations.

The work was carried out by a team of authors: Federal State Unitary Enterprise CNS (Ph.D. S.N. Nersesov, L.S. Eksler), FCS Gosstroy of Russia (Cand. Architect. L.A. Viktorova; N.N. Polyakov); OJSC "TsNIIEPzhilischa" (Doctor of Engineering Science Yu.G. Granik); MNIITEP (candidates architect S.I. Yakhkind, I.S. Genkina, L.V. Petrova, candidate of geographic sciences L.I. Konova, engineer V.I. Lagover), NIISF RAASN (candidate of tech. Yu.A. Matrosov); UPPiN Moscow Architecture Committee (architect A.P. Zobnin); Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene. A.A. Sysina (prof., dr honey. Sciences Yu.D. Gubernsky, Ph.D. honey. Sciences N.V. Kalinin); TC 209 "Elevators, construction hoists and escalators" (S.M. Roitburd); Management of technical regulation of the Gosstroy of Russia (V.A. Glukharev).

SNiP 31-01-2003

BUILDING NORMS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

MULTICOMPARTMENT RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Introduction date 2003-10-01

1 AREA OF USE

These rules and regulations apply to the design and construction of newly constructed and reconstructed multi-apartment residential buildings up to 75 m high (hereinafter adopted in accordance with 1), apartment-type dormitories, as well as residential premises that are part of the premises of buildings of another functional purpose.

1 The height of the building is determined by the difference in the marks of the passage surface for fire engines and the lower boundary of the opening opening (window) in the outer wall of the upper floor, including the attic. In this case, the upper technical floor is not taken into account.

Norms and rules do not apply: to blocked residential buildings, designed in accordance with the requirements, in which premises related to different apartments, are not located one above the other, and only the walls between adjacent blocks are common, as well as to mobile residential buildings.

The norms do not regulate the conditions for settling the building and the form of ownership of it, its apartments and individual premises.

2 REGULATORY REFERENCES

Regulatory documents, to which there are references in the text of these standards, are given in Appendix A.

In case of exclusion from the number of current regulatory documents to which there are references in these norms, one should be guided by the norms introduced to replace the excluded ones.

3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

IN this document terms are used, the definitions of which are given in Appendix B, as well as other terms, the definitions of which are adopted according to the normative documents listed in Appendix A.

4 GENERAL

4.1 The construction of residential buildings must be carried out according to the project in accordance with the requirements of these building codes and regulations and other regulatory documents establishing the rules for design and construction, based on a building permit. The rules for determining the building area and the number of storeys of buildings during the design are given in Appendix B.

4.2 Placement of a residential building, distances from it to other buildings and structures, dimensions land plots at the house are installed in accordance with the requirements. The number of floors and length of buildings are determined by the development project. When determining the number of storeys and length of residential buildings in seismic areas, the requirements and should be met.

4.3 When designing and constructing a residential building, conditions must be provided for the life of people with limited mobility, accessibility of the site, building and apartments for disabled people using wheelchairs, if the placement of apartments for families with disabled people in this residential building is established in the design assignment.

Apartment houses for the elderly should be designed no higher than nine floors, for families with disabilities - no more than five. In other types of residential buildings, apartments for families with disabilities should be located on the ground floors.

In residential buildings of the federal and municipal housing stock, the share of apartments for families with disabled people using wheelchairs is established in the design assignment by local governments. Specific requirements for ensuring the life of disabled people and other groups of the population with limited mobility should be provided taking into account local conditions and requirements.

4.4 The project must be accompanied by instructions for the operation of apartments and public premises of the house.

The operating instructions for apartments and premises of the house should contain the data necessary for tenants (owners) of apartments and built-in public premises, as well as operating organizations to ensure safety during operation, including: information about the main structures and engineering systems, layouts of hidden elements and frame nodes, hidden wiring and engineering networks, as well as the limit values of loads on structural elements of the house and on its electrical network. These data can be presented in the form of copies executive documentation. In addition, the instruction should include rules for the maintenance and maintenance of fire protection systems and an evacuation plan in case of fire.

4.5 In residential buildings, provision should be made for: domestic drinking, fire-fighting and hot water supply, sewerage and drains in accordance with and; heating, ventilation, smoke protection - in accordance with.

4.6 In residential buildings, it is necessary to provide for electric lighting, power electrical equipment, telephone installation, radio communication, television antennas and bell alarms, as well as automatic fire alarms, warning and evacuation control systems in case of fire, elevators for transporting fire departments and means of rescuing people in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents .

4.7 On the roofs of residential buildings, provision should be made for the installation of antennas for the collective reception of transmissions and racks of wired broadcasting networks. Installation of radio relay masts and towers is prohibited.

4.8 Elevators should be provided in residential buildings with the floor level of the upper residential floor exceeding the floor level of the first floor by 11.2 m.

In residential buildings starting construction after 01/01/2010, in IA, IB, IG, ID and IVA climatic sub-regions, elevators should be provided in buildings with the floor elevation of the upper floor exceeding the floor elevation of the first floor by 9.0 m.

The minimum number of passenger elevators that residential buildings of various heights must be equipped with is given in Appendix D.

It is allowed, when justifying, not to provide for elevators when adding one floor to existing 5-storey residential buildings. In buildings equipped with an elevator, it is allowed not to provide for an elevator stop in the superstructured floor.

In residential buildings in which apartments are provided for families with disabled people using wheelchairs on floors above the first one, passenger elevators or lifting platforms must be provided in accordance with the requirements, and NPB 250.

4.9 The width of the platforms in front of the elevators should allow the use of an elevator for transporting a patient on an ambulance stretcher and be at least, m:

1.5 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin width of 2100 mm;

2.1 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin depth of 2100 mm.

With a two-row arrangement of elevators, the width of the elevator hall must be at least, m:

1.8 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of less than 2100 mm;

2.5 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of 2100 mm or more.

4.10 In the basement, first and second floors of a residential building (in large and largest cities 1 on the third floor) placement of built-in and built-in-attached premises is allowed public purpose, with the exception of objects that have a harmful effect on humans.

1 Classification of cities - by

It is not allowed to post:

specialized stores of mosquito-chemical and other goods, the operation of which may lead to pollution of the territory and air of residential buildings; stores with the presence of explosive substances and materials in them; shops selling synthetic carpets, auto parts, tires and motor oils;

specialized fish shops; warehouses for any purpose, including wholesale (or small wholesale) trade;

all enterprises, as well as shops with a mode of operation after 23 h 2; consumer service establishments that use flammable substances (except for hairdressers and watch repair shops with a total area of up to 300 m 2); baths and saunas (except for individual saunas in apartments);

2 The time of restriction of operation can be specified by local governments.

catering and leisure establishments with more than 50 seats, a total area of more than 250 m 2 and with musical accompaniment;

laundries and dry cleaners (except for collection points and self-service laundries with a capacity of up to 75 kg per shift); automatic telephone exchanges with a total area of more than 100 m 2 ; public restrooms; funeral homes; built-in and attached transformer substations;

industrial premises (except for premises of categories B and D for the work of disabled people and older people, including: points for issuing work at home, workshops for assembly and decorative work); dental laboratories, clinical diagnostic and bacteriological laboratories; dispensaries of all types; day hospitals of dispensaries and hospitals of private clinics: trauma centers, ambulance and emergency substations medical care; dermatovenerological, psychiatric, infectious and phthisiatric rooms for medical appointments; departments (rooms) of magnetic resonance imaging;

x-ray rooms, as well as rooms with medical or diagnostic equipment and installations that are sources of ionizing radiation, veterinary clinics and offices.

Shops selling synthetic carpet products may be located attached to the blind sections of the walls of residential buildings with a fire resistance limit of REI 150.

4.11 In the basement and basement floors of residential buildings it is not allowed to place premises for storage, processing and use in various installations and devices of flammable and combustible liquids and gases, explosives, combustible materials; rooms for children; cinemas, conference halls and other halls with more than 50 seats, as well as medical institutions. When placing other premises on these floors, one should also take into account the restrictions established in 4.10 of this SNiP and in Appendix 4*.

Loading of public premises built into residential buildings should be carried out: from the ends of residential buildings that do not have windows; from underground tunnels; from highways (streets) in the presence of special loading rooms.

It is allowed not to provide for the indicated loading rooms with an area of built-in public rooms up to 150 m 2.

4.13 On the top floor of residential buildings, it is allowed to place workshops for artists and architects, as well as office (office) premises with no more than 5 people working in each, while taking into account the requirements of 7.2.15 of this SNiP.

It is allowed to place office premises in superstructured attic floors in buildings not lower than the II degree of fire resistance and not more than 28 m high.

4.14 It is allowed to place public premises on residential floors for individual activities(within the area of apartments). As part of apartments with a two-sided orientation, it is allowed to provide additional premises for a family kindergarten for a group of no more than 10 people; reception rooms for one or two doctors (in agreement with the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service); massage room for one specialist.

It is allowed to place a family kindergarten in apartments with a two-way orientation, located no higher than the 2nd floor in buildings not lower than the II degree of fire resistance, provided that these apartments are provided with an emergency exit in accordance with 6.20 *, a) or b) and if it is possible to arrange playgrounds in the local area .

4.15 When arranging built-in or built-in-attached parking lots in residential buildings, the requirements must be observed. Residential floors and floors with premises for preschool institutions and medical institutions should be separated from the parking lot by a technical floor.

4.16 In apartment buildings residential buildings in the first, basement or basement floors, a pantry for cleaning equipment equipped with a sink should be provided.

4.17 The need for a waste chute in residential buildings is determined by local authorities, depending on the adopted waste disposal system.

5 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PREMISES OF APARTMENTS

5.1 Apartments in residential buildings should be designed based on the conditions for their settlement by one family.

5.2 In buildings of state and municipal housing stock minimum dimensions apartments by the number of rooms and their area (excluding the area of balconies, terraces, verandas, loggias, cold storage rooms and apartment vestibules) is recommended to be taken according to table 5.1. The number of rooms and the area of apartments for specific regions and cities is being specified local administration taking into account demographic requirements, the achieved level of provision of the population with housing and the availability of resources for housing construction.

In residential buildings of other forms of ownership, the composition of the premises and the area of apartments are established by the customer-developer in the design assignment.

5.3 In apartments provided to citizens, taking into account the social norm of housing area 1 in the buildings of state and municipal housing funds, living quarters (rooms) and utility rooms should be provided: a kitchen (or a niche kitchen), an entrance hall, a bathroom (or a shower room) and a restroom ( or a combined bathroom), a pantry (or an economic built-in closet).

1 The social norm of housing area - the size of the housing area per person, is determined in accordance with Art. 1 and Art. 11 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On the Fundamentals of the Federal Housing Policy".

5.4 A ventilated drying cabinet for outerwear and footwear is provided for during the construction of a residential building in IA, IB, IG and IIA climatic subregions.

Table 5.1

Loggias and balconies should be provided: in apartments of houses built in climatic regions III and IV, in apartments for families with disabled people, in other types of apartments and other climatic regions - taking into account fire safety requirements and adverse conditions.

Unfavorable conditions for designing balconies and unglazed loggias:

In I and II climatic regions - a combination of average monthly air temperature and average monthly wind speed in July: 12 - 16 ° C and more than 5 m / s; 8 - 12 °С and 4 - 5 m/s; 4 - 8 °С and 4 m/s; below 4 °С at any wind speed;

Noise from highways or industrial areas 75 dB or more at a distance of 2 m from the facade of a residential building (except for noise-protected residential buildings);

The concentration of dust in the air is 1.5 mg/m 3 or more for 15 days or more during the three summer months.

5.5 Placement of residential premises in the basement and basement floors of residential buildings is not allowed.

5.6 The dimensions of the living and utility rooms of the apartment are determined depending on the required set of furniture and equipment, placed taking into account the requirements of ergonomics.

5.7 The area of the premises in the apartments specified in 5.3 must be at least: living quarters (rooms) in a one-room apartment - 14 m 2, common living quarters in apartments with two or more rooms - 16 m 2, bedrooms - 8 m 2 ( 10 m 2 - for two people); kitchens - 8 m 2; kitchen area in the kitchen - dining room - 6 m 2. IN one-room apartments it is allowed to design kitchens or kitchen niches with an area of at least 5 m 2.

The area of the bedroom and kitchen in the attic floor (or floor with inclined enclosing structures) is allowed at least 7 m 2, provided that the common living space has an area of at least 16 m 2.

5.8 The height (from floor to ceiling) of living quarters and the kitchen (kitchen-dining room) in climatic regions IA, IB, IG, ID and IVA must be at least 2.7 m, and in other climatic regions - at least 2.5 m .

The height of intra-apartment corridors, halls, front, mezzanines (and under them) is determined by the conditions for the safety of people's movement and should be at least 2.1 m.

In residential premises and kitchens of apartments located in the attic floor (or upper floors with inclined enclosing structures), a lower ceiling height is allowed relative to the normalized area, not exceeding 50%.

5.9 Common living quarters in 2-, 3- and 4-room apartments of the housing stock buildings specified in 5.3, and bedrooms in all apartments should be designed impassable.

5.10 The premises of the apartments specified in 5.3 must be equipped with: kitchen - sink or sink, as well as a stove for cooking; bathroom - bathtub (or shower) and washbasin; restroom - a toilet bowl with a flush tank; combined bathroom - bath (or shower), washbasin and toilet. In other apartments, the composition of the equipment of the premises is established by the customer-developer.

The device of a combined bathroom is allowed in one-room apartments of houses of state and municipal housing funds, in other apartments - according to the design assignment.

6 BEARING CAPACITY AND DEFORMABILITY OF STRUCTURES

6.1 The foundations and load-bearing structures of the building must be designed and erected in such a way that during its construction and under the design operating conditions, the possibility of:

destruction or damage to structures, leading to the need to stop the operation of the building;

unacceptable deterioration in the performance properties of structures or the building as a whole due to deformation or cracking.

6.2 The structures and foundations of the building must be designed to withstand constant loads from the own weight of the supporting and enclosing structures; temporary uniformly distributed and concentrated loads on floors; snow and wind loads for a given construction area. The normative values of the listed loads, taking into account unfavorable combinations of loads or their corresponding forces, the limit values of deflections and displacements of structures, as well as the values of the safety factors for loads must be taken in accordance with the requirements.

The additional requirements of the customer-developer specified in the design assignment must also be taken into account, for example, for the placement of fireplaces, heavy equipment for public premises built into a residential building; to fastening heavy elements of interior equipment to walls and ceilings.

6.3 The methods used in the design of structures for calculating their bearing capacity and deformability must meet the requirements of the current regulatory documents for structures made of appropriate materials.

When placing buildings on the undermined territory, on subsiding soils, in seismic regions, as well as in other complex geological conditions, additional requirements of the relevant norms and rules should be taken into account.

6.4 The foundations of the building must be designed taking into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soils provided for in, (for permafrost soils - in), the characteristics of the hydrogeological regime at the construction site, as well as the degree of aggressiveness of soils and groundwater in relation to foundations and underground engineering networks, and must ensure the necessary uniformity of the settlement of the foundations under the elements of the building.

6.5 When calculating a building with a height of more than 40 m for a wind load, in addition to the conditions of strength and stability of the building and its individual structural elements, restrictions must be provided on the vibration parameters of the ceilings of the upper floors, due to the requirements for living comfort.

6.6 In case of occurrence during the reconstruction of additional loads and impacts on the remaining part of the residential building, its load-bearing and enclosing structures, as well as the base soils, must be checked for these loads and impacts in accordance with applicable standards, regardless of physical wear and tear structures.

In this case, one should take into account the actual bearing capacity of the foundation soils as a result of their change during the operation period, as well as the increase in the strength of concrete in concrete and reinforced concrete structures over time.

6.7 When reconstructing a residential building, one should take into account changes in its structural scheme that have arisen during the operation of this building (including the appearance of new openings that are additional to the original design solution, as well as the impact of the repair of structures or their strengthening).

6.8 When reconstructing residential buildings with a change in the location of sanitary facilities, appropriate additional measures should be taken for hydro, noise and vibration isolation, as well as, if necessary, reinforcement of floors on which the equipment of these sanitary facilities is to be installed.

7 FIRE SAFETY

7.1 PREVENTION OF THE SPREAD OF FIRE

7.1.1 Fire safety of buildings should be ensured in accordance with the requirements for buildings of functional fire hazard F1.3 and the rules established in this document for specially specified cases, and during operation in accordance with PPB 01.

7.1.2 The allowable building height and floor area within the fire compartment are determined depending on the degree of fire resistance and the structural fire hazard class according to Table 7.1.

Table 7.1

The degree of fire resistance of the building	Building constructive fire hazard class	The highest allowable height of the building, m	The largest allowable floor area of the fire compartment, m 2
I	C0	75	2500
II	C0	50	2500
II	C1	28	2200
III	C0	28	1800
III	C1	15	1800
Note - The degree of fire resistance of a building with unheated extensions should be taken according to the degree of fire resistance of the heated part of the building.

7.1.3 Buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance are allowed to be built up with one attic floor with load-bearing elements having a fire resistance rating of at least R 45 and fire hazard class K0, regardless of the height of the buildings specified in Table 7.1, but located no higher than 75 m. The enclosing structures of this floor must meet the requirements for the structures of the superstructure building.

When using wooden structures, structural fire protection should be provided that ensures these requirements.

7.1.4 The fire resistance limit on the basis of R for gallery structures in gallery houses of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance must correspond to the values \u200b\u200baccepted for floors of buildings and have a fire hazard class K0. The structures of galleries in buildings of the IV degree of fire resistance must have a fire resistance rating of at least R 15 and a fire hazard class of K0.

7.1.5 In buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, to ensure the required fire resistance limit of the bearing elements of the building, only structural fire protection should be used.

7.1.6 Bearing elements of two-story buildings of the IV degree of fire resistance must have a fire resistance of at least R 30.

7.1.7 In buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, intersection walls and partitions, as well as walls and partitions separating non-apartment corridors from other premises, must have a fire resistance of at least EI 45, in buildings of IV fire resistance - at least EI 15.

In buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, inter-apartment non-bearing walls and partitions must have a fire resistance rating of at least EI 30 and fire hazard class K0, in buildings of IV fire resistance - a fire resistance rating of at least EI 15 and a fire hazard class of at least K1.

7.1.8 Fire hazard class and fire resistance limit of interior, including cabinet, collapsible, with doorways and sliding partitions are not standardized.

7.1.9 Partitions between storerooms in the basement and basement floors of buildings of II degree of fire resistance up to five floors inclusive, as well as in buildings of III and IV degrees of fire resistance, it is allowed to design with a non-standardized fire resistance limit and fire hazard class. Partitions separating the technical corridor of the basement and basement floors from the rest of the premises must be fireproof of the 1st type.

7.1.10 Technical, basement, basement floors and attics should be divided by fire partitions of the 1st type into compartments with an area of not more than 500 m 2 in non-sectional residential buildings, and in sectional ones - by sections.

In technical floors and attics, in the absence of combustible materials and structures in them, the fire resistance limit of doors in fireproof partitions is not standardized. They can be made from materials of combustibility groups G1 and G2 or in accordance with 7.20.

7.1.11 Fences of loggias and balconies in buildings with a height of three floors or more must be made of non-combustible materials.

From non-combustible materials, it is also necessary to carry out external sun protection in buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance with a height of 5 floors or more.

7.1.12 Public premises should be separated from the premises of the residential part by fire partitions of the 1st type and floors of the 3rd type without openings, in buildings of the I degree of fire resistance - by floors of the 2nd type.

7.1.13 The garbage collection chamber must have an independent entrance, isolated from the entrance to the building by a blank wall, and be distinguished by fire partitions and ceilings with fire resistance limits of at least REI 60 and fire hazard class K0.

7.1.14 Roofing, rafters and attic sheathing may be made of combustible materials. In buildings with attics (with the exception of buildings of the V degree of fire resistance), when installing rafters and lathing from combustible materials, it is not allowed to use roofs made of combustible materials, and the rafters and lathing should be subjected to fire retardant treatment. With constructive protection of these structures, they should not contribute to the latent spread of combustion.

7.1.15 Bearing structures coatings of the built-in-attached part must have a fire resistance rating of at least R 45 and a fire hazard class of K0. If there are windows in a residential building oriented to the built-in part of the building, the level of the roof at the junction should not exceed the floor mark above the living quarters of the main part of the building. The insulation in the coating must be non-combustible.

7.1.16 When installing solid fuel storerooms in the basement or first floor, they should be separated from other rooms by solid fire partitions of the 1st type and floors of the 3rd type. The exit from these pantries should be directly outside.

7.2 EVACUATION PROVISION

7.2.1 The greatest distances from the doors of the apartments to the staircase or exit to the outside should be taken according to table 7.2.

Table 7.2

In a section of a residential building, when leaving the apartments into a corridor (hall) that does not have a window opening with an area of at least 1.2 m 2 at the end, the distance from the door of the most remote apartment to the exit directly to the staircase or exit to the vestibule leading to the air zone smoke-free staircase, should not exceed 12 m, if there is a window opening or smoke exhaust in the corridor (hall), this distance can be taken according to table 7.2 as for a dead-end corridor.

7.2.2 The width of the corridor must be, in m, not less than: with its length between the stairs or the end of the corridor and the stairs up to 40 m - 1.4, over 40 m - 1.6, the width of the gallery - at least 1.2 m. Corridors should be separated by partitions with doors with fire resistance EI 30, equipped with closers and located at a distance of no more than 30 m from one another and from the ends of the corridor.

7.2.3 It is allowed to provide glazed doors in stairwells and elevator lobbies, while in buildings with a height of four floors or more - with reinforced glass.

7.2.4 The number of evacuation exits from the floor and the type of staircases should be taken according to.

7.2.5 In residential buildings with a height of less than 28 m, designed for placement in climatic region IV and climatic subregion IIIB, it is allowed to install external open stairs made of non-combustible materials with a fire resistance rating of at least R 60 instead of staircases.

7.2.6 In residential buildings of the corridor (gallery) type with total area apartments on a floor up to 500 m 2, it is allowed to provide access to one staircase of type H1 with a building height of more than 28 m or type L1 with a building height of less than 28 m, provided that exits to external stairs of the 3rd type are provided at the ends of the corridors (gallery) leading up to the level of the floor of the second floor. When placing these staircases at the end of the building, it is allowed to install one staircase of the 3rd type in the opposite end of the corridor (gallery).

7.2.7 When building on existing buildings with a height of up to 28 m on one floor, it is allowed to retain the existing staircase of type L1, provided that the floor being built on is provided with an emergency exit according to 6.20 *, a), b) or c).

7.2.8 With a total area of apartments on the floor, and for buildings of sectional type - on the floor of the section, more than 500 m 2, evacuation must be carried out at least two staircases (normal or smoke-free).

In residential buildings with a total area of apartments on the section floor (the floor of a corridor, gallery building) from 500 to 550 m 2, one emergency exit from the apartments is allowed:

if the height of the upper floor is not more than 28 m - into an ordinary staircase, provided that the front rooms in the apartments are equipped with addressable fire alarm sensors;

if the height of the upper floor is more than 28 m - into one smoke-free staircase, provided that all premises of the apartments (except for bathrooms, bathrooms, showers and laundry rooms) are equipped with addressable fire alarm sensors or automatic fire extinguishing.

7.2.9 For a multi-level apartment, it is allowed not to provide access to the stairwell from each floor, provided that the premises of the apartment are located no higher than 18 m and the floor of the apartment that does not have direct access to the stairwell is provided with an emergency exit in accordance with the requirements of 6.20*, and ), b) or c). The internal staircase is allowed to be made of wood.

7.2.10 Passage to the outer air zone of the H1 type staircase is allowed through the elevator hall, while the arrangement of elevator shafts and doors in them must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of 7.22.

7.2.11 In buildings up to 50 m high with a total area of apartments on the section floor up to 500 m 2, an emergency exit may be provided for a stairwell of type H2 or H3 when one of the elevators is installed in the building, which ensures the transportation of fire departments and meets the requirements of NPB 250. When In this case, access to the staircase H2 should be provided through the vestibule (or elevator hall), and the doors of the staircase, elevator shafts, vestibules and vestibules must be type 2 fireproof.

7.2.12 In sectional houses with a height of more than 28 m, it is allowed to arrange an exit to the outside from smoke-free staircases (type H1) through the vestibule (in the absence of exits to it from the parking lot and public premises), separated from the adjacent corridors by fireproof partitions of the 1st type with fireproof type 2 doors. At the same time, the connection of the H1 type staircase with the vestibule should be arranged through the air zone. It is allowed to fill the opening of the air zone on the ground floor with a metal grate. On the way from the apartment to the H1 stairwell there must be at least two (not counting the doors from the apartment) sequentially located self-closing doors.

7.2.13 In a building with a height of three floors or more, exits to the outside from the basement, basement floors and technical underground must be located at least 100 m apart and must not communicate with the staircases of the residential part of the building.

It is allowed to arrange exits from basements and basement floors through the staircase of the residential part in buildings up to 5 floors. These exits must be separated within the first floor from the exit from the residential part by fireproof partitions of the 1st type.

Exits from technical floors should be provided in accordance with 6.21.

Exits from technical floors located in the middle or upper part of the building are allowed through common staircases, and in buildings with H1 staircases - through the air zone.

7.2.14 When arranging emergency exits from attic floors to the roof in accordance with 6.20*, it is necessary to provide for platforms and walkways with a fence along leading to stairs of the 3rd type and stairs P2.

7.2.15 Public premises must have entrances and emergency exits isolated from the residential part of the building.

When placing artists' and architects' workshops, as well as office premises on the upper floor, it is allowed to take the stairwells of the residential part of the building as the second evacuation exit, while the connection between the floor and the stairwell should be provided through a vestibule with fire doors. The door in the vestibule, facing the staircase, should be provided with opening only from the inside of the room.

It is allowed to arrange one evacuation exit from the premises of public institutions located on the first and basement floors with a total area of \u200b\u200bnot more than 300 m 2 and the number of employees not more than 15 people.

7.3 FIRE FIGHTING REQUIREMENTS FOR ENGINEERING SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT OF THE BUILDING

7.3.1 Smoke protection of buildings must be carried out in accordance with. In buildings with a height of more than 28 m with smoke-free staircases, it should be provided for the removal of smoke from floor corridors through special shafts with forced exhaust and valves arranged on each floor at the rate of one shaft per 30 m of the length of the corridor. An autonomous fan should be provided for each smoke exhaust shaft. Smoke exhaust shafts must have a fire resistance rating of at least EI 60.

In elevator shafts in buildings with a height of more than 28 m, in case of fire, outdoor air should be supplied in accordance with.

7.3.2 Ventilation units for air overpressure and smoke removal should be located in separate ventilation chambers, fenced off with type 1 fireproof partitions. Opening of valves and turning on of fans should be provided by automatic switches installed in the hallways of apartments, in non-apartment corridors or halls, in concierge rooms, as well as remote from buttons installed on each floor in fire hydrant cabinets.

7.3.3 The protection of buildings by automatic fire alarms should be provided in accordance with NPB 110. If there is an automatic fire alarm in the building, smoke fire detectors should be installed in the concierge room, in non-apartment corridors and garbage collection chambers.

Thermal fire detectors installed in the hallways of apartments in buildings with a height of more than 28 m must have a response temperature of not more than 52 ° C.

Residential premises of apartments and dormitories (except for bathrooms, bathrooms, showers, laundry rooms, saunas) should be equipped with autonomous smoke fire detectors that meet the requirements of NPB 66.

7.3.4 The fire warning system must be carried out in accordance with NPB 104.

7.3.5 Intra-house and intra-apartment Electricity of the net must be equipped with residual current devices (RCD) in accordance with the PUE.

7.3.6 In the kitchens of residential buildings with a height of 11 floors or more, it is not allowed to install gas-fired cooking stoves.

7.3.7 In the absence of the possibility or expediency of connecting new and reconstructed multi-apartment residential buildings to a centralized or autonomous heat supply system in apartments and built-in public premises, except for the premises of children's and medical institutions, it is allowed to provide individual heat supply systems with natural gas heat generators with closed combustion chambers .

For hot water supply systems, it is allowed to use heat generators with an open combustion chamber in apartments of residential buildings of constructive fire hazard class C0, I, II and III of fire resistance and no more than 5 floors high.

7.3.8 Heat generators should be placed in a separate non-residential premises, while the total thermal power of heat generators should not exceed 100 kW. The installation of heat generators with a total thermal power of up to 35 kW is allowed to be provided in kitchens.

The room for heat generators is not allowed to be placed in the basement. It must have a window with a glazing area at the rate of 0.03 m 2 per 1 m 3 of the volume of the room, with a window or other special device for ventilation located in the upper part of the window. The volume of the room is determined based on the conditions for the convenience of operation of heat generators and production installation work and be at least 15 m 3.

The height of the room must be at least 2.2 m. The dimensions of the room must ensure the arrangement of passages with a width of at least 0.7 m.

Heat generators should be installed:

At walls or on walls made of non-combustible (NG) and slow-burning (G1) materials;

At a distance not closer than 3 cm from walls made of combustible materials coated with non-combustible (NG) or slow-burning (G1) wall materials. The specified wall covering must protrude beyond the dimensions of the heat generator housing by at least 10 cm.

The floor area under the floor heat generator must have a protective coating made of non-combustible (NG) or slow-burning (G1) materials and protrude beyond the dimensions of the heat generator body by at least 10 cm.

7.3.9 Apartment heat generators, cooking and heating furnaces operating on solid fuels may be provided in residential buildings up to two floors inclusive (excluding the basement). Solid fuel pantries should be placed in outbuildings.

7.3.10 Heat generators, including solid fuel stoves and fireplaces, cooking stoves and chimneys must be made with the implementation of structural measures in accordance with the requirements. Prefabricated heat generators and hobs must also be installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the manufacturer's instructions.

7.3.11 The collection chamber must be protected throughout the area by sprinklers. The section of the distribution pipeline of the sprinklers must be annular, connected to the building's drinking water supply network and have thermal insulation made of non-combustible materials. The chamber door must be insulated.

7.3.12 In two-story buildings of the V degree of fire resistance with the number of apartments 4 or more, a dry pipe should be provided in the volume of the staircase with its output to the attic.

The dry pipe must have branch pipes brought out to the outside, equipped with valves and connecting heads for connecting mobile fire equipment, and in the attic - a connecting head for connecting a fire hose.

In the distribution (introductory) electrical panels of these buildings, the installation of self-actuating fire extinguishers should be provided.

7.4 FIRE FIGHTING AND RESCUE PROVISION

7.4.1 Through passages in buildings should be assumed to be at least 3.5 m wide, at least 4.25 m high for buildings up to 50 m high and at least 4.5 m for buildings over 50 m high. through the staircases of buildings should be located at a distance of no more than 100 m from one another.

It is allowed not to arrange through passages through the stairwells when installing water supply networks with the installation of fire hydrants on them from two opposite sides of the building.

7.4.2 In each compartment of the basement or basement, separated by fire barriers, at least two windows with dimensions of at least 0.9 ´1.2 m with pits. The free area of these windows must be taken according to the calculation, but not less than 0.2% of the floor area of these premises. The dimensions of the pit should allow the supply of fire extinguishing agent from the foam generator and the removal of smoke using a smoke exhauster (the distance from the wall of the building to the border of the pit should be at least 0.7 m).

7.4.3 In the transverse walls of basements and technical subfloors of large-panel buildings, openings 1.6 m high are allowed. In this case, the height of the threshold should not exceed 0.3 m.

7.4.4 Fire water supply must be carried out in accordance with and.

In buildings with a height of up to 50 m, instead of an internal fire water supply, it is allowed to provide for the installation of dry pipes with branch pipes brought out to the outside with valves and connecting heads for connecting fire trucks. The connecting heads must be placed on the facade in a place convenient for installing at least two fire trucks at a height of 0.8 - 1.2 m.

7.4.5 On the drinking water supply network in each apartment, a separate tap should be provided for connecting a hose equipped with a sprayer to be used as the primary device for internal fire extinguishing to eliminate the source of fire. The length of the hose should ensure the possibility of supplying water to any point in the apartment.

7.4.6 In residential buildings with a height of more than 50 m, one of the elevators must ensure the transportation of fire departments and comply with the requirements of NPB 250.

8 SAFETY IN USE

8.1 A residential building must be designed, erected and equipped in such a way as to prevent the risk of injury to residents when moving inside and around the house, when entering and leaving the house, as well as when using its elements and engineering equipment.

8.2 The slope and width of flights of stairs and ramps, the height of the steps, the width of the treads, the width of the landings, the height of the passages on the stairs, the basement, the attic in use, as well as the dimensions of the doorways, should ensure the convenience and safety of movement and the ability to move items of equipment of the corresponding premises of the apartments and built-in in a public building.

The minimum width and maximum slope of flights of stairs should be taken according to table 8.1.

Table 8.1

The height of differences in the floor level of different rooms and spaces in the building must be safe. IN necessary cases handrails and ramps should be provided. The number of rises in one flight of stairs or at a level difference should be at least 3 and not more than 18. The use of stairs with different heights and depths of steps is not allowed. In two-level apartments, internal staircases are allowed with spiral or winder steps, while the width of the tread in the middle must be at least 18 cm.

8.3 The height of the railings of stairs, balconies, loggias, terraces, roofs and in places of dangerous drops must be at least 1.2 m. Flights of stairs and landings must have railings with handrails.

Fencing must be continuous, equipped with handrails and designed to absorb horizontal loads of at least 0.3 kN/m.

8.4 Structural solutions of the elements of the house (including the location of voids, methods of sealing the places where pipelines pass through structures, arrangement of ventilation openings, placement of thermal insulation, etc.) must provide protection against the penetration of rodents.

8.5 Engineering systems of the building must be designed and installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in normative documents bodies state supervision and instructions of equipment manufacturers' instructions.

8.6 Engineering equipment and instruments in case of possible seismic effects must be securely fixed.

8.7 It is allowed to design a fireplace in an apartment on top floor residential building, on any level of a multi-level apartment, located last in height in the building.

8.8 In a residential building and in the local area, measures should be provided aimed at reducing the risks of criminal manifestations and their consequences, contributing to the protection of people living in a residential building and minimizing possible damage in the event of illegal actions. These activities are set in the design assignment in accordance with regulatory legal acts local authorities and may include the use of explosion-proof structures, the installation of intercoms, combination locks, systems burglar alarm, protective structures of window openings in the first, basement and upper floors, in basement pits, as well as entrance doors leading to the basement, to the attic and, if necessary, to other rooms.

General systems security (television control, burglar alarms, etc.) must ensure the protection of fire-fighting equipment from unauthorized access and vandalism.

Measures aimed at reducing the risks of criminal manifestations should be supplemented at the operational stage.

8.9 In separate residential buildings, determined according to the layout of civil defense structures, dual-use premises should be designed in accordance with the instructions.

8.10 Lightning protection is designed in accordance with the requirements of RD 34.21.122.

8.11 On the operated roofs of residential buildings (except for residential buildings with public premises on the upper floors), roofs of built-in and attached public premises, as well as at the entrance area, on summer non-residential premises, in connecting elements between residential buildings, including open non-residential floors (ground and intermediate) used for the construction of sports grounds for recreation of adult residents of the house, areas for drying clothes and cleaning clothes or a solarium, the necessary security measures should be provided (device of fences and measures to protect ventilation outlets).

8.12 When designing saunas in apartments, the following should be considered:

The volume of the steam room - no more than 24 m 3;

A special factory-made oven for heating with automatic shutdown when the temperature reaches 130 °C, as well as after 8 hours of continuous operation;

Placing this stove at a distance of at least 0.2 m from the walls of the steam room;

Arrangement of a fireproof heat-insulating shield above the furnace;

Equipping the ventilation duct with a fire damper in accordance with.

8.13 Electrical panel room, premises for head stations (HS), technical centers(TC) cable television, sound transformer substations (ZTP), as well as places for telephone distribution cabinets (SHRT) should not be located under rooms with wet processes (bathrooms, toilets, etc.).

8.14 Premises of HS, shopping center, ZTP should have entrances directly from the street; the electrical room (including for communication equipment, automatic control systems, dispatching and television) must have an entrance directly from the street or from a floor-by-floor non-apartment corridor (hall); the approach to the installation site of the SHRT should also be from the indicated corridor.

9 ENSURE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS

9.1 When designing and constructing residential buildings in accordance with these rules and regulations, measures must be taken to ensure the fulfillment of sanitary-epidemiological and environmental requirements for the protection of human health and the environment (SanPiN 2.1.2.1002, etc.).

9.2 The design parameters of the air in the premises of a residential building should be taken according to the optimal standards of GOST 30494. The air exchange rate in the premises should be taken in accordance with table 9.1.

Table 9.1

room	Multiplicity or amount of air exchange, m 3 per hour, not less
room	in idle mode	in maintenance mode
Bedroom, shared, children's room
Library, office
Pantry, linen, dressing room
Gym, billiard room
Laundry, ironing, drying
Kitchen with electric stove
Room with gas-using equipment		1.0 + 100 m3 per slab
Room with heat generators and solid fuel stoves		1.0 + 100 m3 per slab
Bathroom, shower room, toilet, shared bathroom
		10 m 3 for 1 person
Elevator engine room		By calculation
Parking		By calculation
Garbage chamber

The air exchange rate in all ventilated rooms not listed in the table in non-operating mode should be at least 0.2 room volume per hour.

9.3 In the heat engineering calculation of the enclosing structures of residential buildings, the temperature of the internal air of heated premises should be taken as at least 20 °C.

9.4 The heating and ventilation system of the building should be designed to ensure that the indoor air temperature during the heating period is within the optimal parameters established by GOST 30494, with the design parameters of the outdoor air for the respective construction areas.

When installing an air conditioning system, optimal parameters must also be ensured in the warm season.

In buildings erected in areas with an estimated outdoor temperature of minus 40 ° C and below, heating of the floor surface of residential premises and kitchens, as well as public premises with permanent stay of people located above cold undergrounds, should be provided, or thermal protection should be provided in accordance with requirements of SNiP 23-02.

9.5 The ventilation system must maintain the purity (quality) of air in the premises and the uniformity of its distribution.

Ventilation can be:

with natural inflow and removal of air;
with mechanical induction of air inflow and removal, including combined with air heating;
combined with natural air supply and removal with partial use of mechanical stimulation.

9.6 In living quarters and kitchens, air supply is provided through adjustable window sashes, transoms, vents, valves or other devices, including self-contained wall air dampers with adjustable opening. If necessary, apartments designed for III and IV climatic regions must be additionally provided with through or corner ventilation.

9.7 Air removal should be provided for from kitchens, latrines, bathrooms and, if necessary, from other premises of the apartments, while installation of adjustable ventilation grilles and valves on exhaust ducts and air ducts should be provided.

Air from rooms where harmful substances or unpleasant odors can be released should be removed directly to the outside and not enter other rooms of the building, including through ventilation ducts.

Combining ventilation ducts from kitchens, latrines, bathrooms (showers), combined bathrooms, pantries for products with ventilation ducts from rooms with gas-using equipment and parking lots is not allowed.

9.8 Ventilation of built-in public premises, except for those specified in 4.14, must be autonomous.

9.9 In buildings with a warm attic, air removal from the attic should be provided through one exhaust shaft for each section of the house with a shaft height of at least 4.5 m from the ceiling above the last floor.

9.10 In the outer walls of basements, technical undergrounds and a cold attic that do not have exhaust ventilation, ventilation should be provided with a total area of at least 1/400 of the floor area of the technical underground or basement, evenly spaced along the perimeter of the outer walls. The area of one vent must be at least 0.05 m 2.

9.11 The duration of insolation of apartments (premises) of a residential building should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076.

The normalized duration of insolation should be provided: in one-, two- and three-room apartments- at least one living room; V four-room apartments and more - in at least two living rooms.

9.12 Natural lighting should have living rooms and kitchens, public premises built into residential buildings, except for premises whose placement is allowed in the basement floors in accordance with SNiP 2.08.02.

9.13 The ratio of the area of light openings to the floor area of residential premises and the kitchen should be taken no more than 1:5.5 and no less than 1:8; for upper floors with light openings in the plane of inclined enclosing structures - at least 1:10, taking into account the lighting characteristics of windows and shading by opposing buildings.

9.14 Natural lighting is not standardized for rooms located under the mezzanine in double-height rooms; laundry, pantries, dressing rooms, bathrooms, latrines, combined sanitary facilities; front and intra-apartment corridors and halls; apartment vestibules, floor-by-story non-apartment corridors, lobbies and halls.

9.15 Normalized indicators of natural and artificial lighting of various premises should be set in accordance with SNiP 23-05. Illumination at the entrances to the building should be at least 6 lux for horizontal surfaces and at least 10 lux for vertical (up to 2 m) surfaces.

9.16 When illuminated through light openings in the outer walls of common corridors, their length should not exceed: if there is a light opening at one end - 24 m, at two ends - 48 m. If the corridors are longer, it is necessary to provide additional natural lighting through light pockets. The distance between two light pockets should be no more than 24 m, and between the light pocket and the light opening at the end of the corridor - no more than 30 m. The width of the light pocket, which can serve as a staircase, should be at least 1.5 m. the pocket is allowed to illuminate corridors up to 12 m long, located on both sides of it.

9.17 In buildings designed for construction in climatic region III, light openings in living rooms and kitchens, and in climatic subregion IVa also in loggias, must be equipped with external adjustable sun protection within the 200 - 290 ° sector. In two-story buildings, sun protection can be provided with landscaping.

9.18 External building envelopes must have thermal insulation, insulation from the penetration of cold outside air and vapor barrier from the diffusion of water vapor from the premises, providing:

the required temperature and the absence of moisture condensation on the internal surfaces of structures inside the premises;
preventing the accumulation of excess moisture in structures.

The temperature difference between the internal air and the surface of the structures of the external walls at the design temperature of the internal air must comply with the requirements of SNiP 23-02.

9.19 In I - III climatic regions, at all external entrances to residential buildings, vestibules with a depth of at least 1.5 m should be provided.

Double vestibules at the entrances to residential buildings should be designed depending on the number of storeys of the buildings and the area of \u200b\u200btheir construction in accordance with table 9.2.

Table 9.2

Average temperature of the coldest five-day period, °C	Double vestibule in buildings with the number of floors
minus 20 and above	16 or more
Below minus 20 to minus 25 inclusive.



Notes 1 At a direct entrance to the apartment, a double vestibule should be designed with an unheated staircase. 2 A veranda can be used as a vestibule.

9.20 The premises of the building must be protected from the penetration of rain, melt and ground water and possible household water leaks from engineering systems by constructive means and technical devices.

9.21 Roofs should be designed, as a rule, with an organized drain. It is allowed to provide for an unorganized drain from the roofs of 2-storey buildings, provided that canopies are installed above the entrances and blind areas.

9.22 It is not allowed to place a toilet and a bathroom (or shower) directly above the living rooms and kitchens. Placing a toilet and a bathroom (or shower) on the upper level above the kitchen is allowed in apartments located on two levels.

9.23 When using new materials and products in construction, the latter must have a hygienic certificate issued by bodies and institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service.

9.24 During the construction of buildings in areas where, according to engineering and environmental surveys, there are emissions of soil gases (radon, methane, etc.), measures must be taken to isolate floors and basement walls in contact with the ground in order to prevent the penetration of soil gas from the soil into the building, and other measures to reduce its concentration in accordance with the requirements of the relevant sanitary standards.

9.25 Sound insulation of external and internal enclosing structures of residential premises should ensure the reduction of sound pressure from external sources of noise, as well as from shock and noise from equipment of engineering systems, air ducts and pipelines to a level not exceeding that allowed by SNiP 23-03.

Inter-apartment walls and partitions must have an airborne sound insulation index of at least 50 dB.

9.26 Noise levels from engineering equipment and other in-house noise sources should not exceed the established permissible levels and by no more than 2 dBA exceed the background values determined when the in-house noise source is not working, both during the day and at night.

9.27 To ensure an acceptable noise level, it is not allowed to mount sanitary appliances and pipelines directly to inter-apartment walls and partitions enclosing living rooms; below them, as well as adjacent to them.

9.28 The supply of drinking water to the house should be provided from the centralized water supply network of the settlement. In areas without centralized engineering networks for one-, two-story buildings, it is allowed to provide individual and collective sources of water supply from underground aquifers or from reservoirs at the rate of a daily consumption of household and drinking water of at least 60 liters per person. In areas with limited water resources, the estimated daily water consumption may be reduced in agreement with the local authorities of the Ministry of Health of Russia.

9.29 To remove wastewater, a sewerage system must be provided - centralized or local in accordance with the rules established in SNiP 2.04.01.

Wastewater must be removed without polluting the territory and aquifers.

9.30 Devices for the collection and disposal of municipal solid waste and waste from the operation of public premises built into a residential building, including garbage chutes, must be made in accordance with the operating rules housing stock adopted by local authorities.

9.31 The garbage chute must be equipped with a device for periodic washing, cleaning, disinfection and automatic fire extinguishing of the barrel in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 4690.

The trunk of the garbage chute must be airtight, soundproofed from building structures and must not be adjacent to living quarters.

10 DURABILITY AND REPAIRABILITY

10.1 Subject to the established rules, the load-bearing structures of the building must retain their properties in accordance with the requirements of these norms and rules during the expected service life, which can be established in the design assignment.

10.2 The supporting structures of the building, which determine its strength and stability, as well as the service life of the building as a whole, must retain their properties within acceptable limits, taking into account the requirements of SNiP 20-01 and building codes and regulations for building structures made of appropriate materials.

10.3 Elements, parts, equipment with a service life shorter than the expected service life of the building must be replaced in accordance with the overhaul periods established in the project and taking into account the requirements of the design assignment. The decision to use less or more durable elements, materials or equipment with a corresponding increase or decrease in overhaul periods is established by technical and economic calculations.

At the same time, materials, designs and technology construction works should be selected to ensure the lowest subsequent repair, maintenance and operating costs.

10.4 Structures and parts must be made of materials that are resistant to possible effects of moisture, low temperatures, aggressive environments, biological and other adverse factors in accordance with SNiP 2.03.11.

In necessary cases, appropriate measures must be taken to prevent the penetration of rain, melt, groundwater into the thickness of the bearing and enclosing structures of the building, as well as the formation of an unacceptable amount of condensation moisture in the external enclosing structures by sufficient sealing of the structures or ventilation of closed spaces and air gaps. The necessary protective compositions and coatings must be applied in accordance with the requirements of current regulatory documents.

10.5 Butt joints of prefabricated elements and layered structures should be designed to withstand temperature and humidity deformations and forces arising from uneven subsidence of the bases and other operational influences. The sealing and sealing materials used in the joints must retain their elastic and adhesive properties when exposed to negative temperatures and moisture, as well as be resistant to ultraviolet rays. Sealing materials must be compatible with the materials of protective and protective-decorative coatings of structures at their interface.

10.6 It should be possible to access the equipment, fittings and devices of the engineering systems of the building and their connections for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement.

The equipment and pipelines must be fixed on the building structures of the building in such a way that their performance is not disturbed by possible movements of the structures.

10.7 During the construction of buildings in areas with complex geological conditions, subject to seismic effects, undermining, subsidence and other soil movements, including frost heaving, inputs engineering communications must be carried out taking into account the need to compensate for possible deformations of the base in accordance with the requirements established in the regulatory documents for various engineering networks.

11 ENERGY SAVING

11.1 The building must be designed and constructed in such a way that established requirements to the internal microclimate of the premises and other living conditions, efficient and economical use of energy resources during its operation.

11.2 Compliance with the requirements of energy saving standards is assessed by the thermal characteristics of building envelopes and engineering systems or by a comprehensive indicator of the specific consumption of thermal energy for heating and ventilation of a building.

11.3 When assessing the energy efficiency of a building according to the thermal characteristics of its building structures and engineering systems, the requirements of these standards are considered to be met under the following conditions:

1) the reduced resistance to heat transfer and the air permeability of enclosing structures are not lower than those required by SNiP 23-02;

2) heating, ventilation, air conditioning and hot water systems have automatic or manual regulation;

3) engineering systems buildings are equipped with metering devices for thermal energy, cold and hot water, electricity and gas with a centralized supply.

11.4 When evaluating the energy efficiency of a building according to a complex indicator of specific energy consumption for its heating and ventilation, the requirements of these standards are considered to be met if the calculated value of specific energy consumption to maintain normalized microclimate and air quality parameters in the building does not exceed the maximum allowable standard value. In this case, the third condition 11.3 must be satisfied.

11.5 In order to achieve optimal technical and economic characteristics of the building and further reduce the specific energy consumption for heating, it is recommended to provide:

the most compact space-planning solution of the building;
the orientation of the building and its premises in relation to the cardinal points, taking into account the prevailing directions of the cold wind and solar radiation fluxes;
the use of efficient engineering equipment of the corresponding product range with increased efficiency;
waste air and waste water heat recovery, use of renewable energy sources (solar, wind, etc.).

If, as a result of the above measures, conditions 11.4 are ensured at lower values of the heat transfer resistance of the enclosing structures than required by SNiP 23-02, then the heat transfer resistance of the walls can be reduced compared to the established standards.

The thermal performance of the building and the energy efficiency class are entered into the energy passport of the building and subsequently refined based on the results of operation and taking into account ongoing energy saving measures.

11.6 In order to control the energy efficiency of the building according to standard indicators project documentation should contain the section "Energy Efficiency". This section should contain the energy passport of the building in accordance with SNiP 23-02, information on the assignment of the energy efficiency class of the building, a conclusion on the compliance of the building project with the requirements of these standards and recommendations for improving energy efficiency if the project needs to be finalized.

APPENDIX A

SNiP II-7-81* Construction in seismic areas

SNiP II-11-77* Protective structures of civil defense

SNiP 20-01-2003 Reliability of building structures and foundations. Key points

SNiP 21-02-99* Car parking

SNiP 23-02-2003 Thermal protection of buildings

SNiP 23-03-2003 Noise protection

SNiP 31-02-2001 Residential single-apartment houses

SNiP 35-01-2001 Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility

SNiP 41-01-2003 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

GOST 25772-83 Steel railings for stairs, balconies and roofs. Are common specifications

GOST 30494-96 Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters

GOST R 51631-2000 Passenger lifts. Technical requirements for accessibility for the disabled

PUE Rules for the installation of electrical installations

NPB 66-97 Autonomous fire detectors. Are common technical requirements. Test Methods

NPB 104-03 Warning and evacuation control systems in case of fires in buildings and structures

NPB 110-03 List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms

NPB 250-97 Elevators for transporting fire departments in buildings and structures. General technical requirements

PPB 01-03 Rules fire safety In Russian federation

RD 34.21.122-87 Instructions for the installation of lightning protection of buildings and structures

SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for residential buildings and premises

SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076-01 Hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of residential and public buildings and territories

SanPiN 4690-88 Sanitary rules for the maintenance of populated areas

Instructions on accounting for the housing stock in the Russian Federation

APPENDIX B

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

	Definition
1 Building, plot
1.1 Residential building multi-apartment, including:	Residential building in which apartments have common non-apartment premises and engineering systems
1.1а Residential building of sectional type	A building consisting of one or more sections separated from each other by walls without openings, with apartments of one section having access to one staircase directly or through a corridor
1.1b Residential building of gallery type	A building in which all apartments on a floor have access through a common gallery to at least two staircases
1.1v Corridor-type residential building	A building in which all apartments of the floor have exits through a common corridor to at least two staircases
1.1g Blocked residential building	A building consisting of two or more apartments, each of which has direct access to the apartment plot Note - In this document - except for blocked residential buildings, consisting of autonomous residential blocks, designed according to SNiP 31-02
1.2 Residential area	Land plot adjacent to a residential building (apartment) with direct access to it
2 floors
2.1 Aboveground floor	Floor with the floor level of the premises not lower than the planning level of the ground
2.2 Underground floor	Floor with the floor level of the premises below the planning level of the ground for the entire height of the premises
2.3 First floor	Lower ground floor of the building
2.4 Ground floor	Floor with the floor level of the premises below the planning level of the ground to a height of not more than half the height of the premises
2.5 Basement floor	Floor with the floor level of the premises below the planning level of the ground by more than half the height of the premises or the first underground floor
2.6 Attic floor	Floor in the attic space, the facade of which is wholly or partially formed by the surface (surfaces) of a sloping, broken or curved roof
2.7 Technical floor	The floor for placing the engineering equipment of the building and laying communications can be located in the lower part of the building (technical underground), upper (technical attic) or between above-ground floors. Interfloor space with a height of 1.8 m or less, used only for laying communications, is not a floor
2.8 Land level	Ground level at the border of the land and the blind area of the building
3 Premises, platforms
3.1 Balcony	A fenced platform protruding from the plane of the facade wall. Can be glazed
3.2 Veranda	Glazed, unheated space attached to or built into a building with no depth limitation
3.3 Loggia	Built-in or attached, open to the outside space, fenced on three sides by walls (on two sides - at a corner location) a room with a depth limited by the requirements of natural light in the room, to the outer wall of which it adjoins. Can be glazed
3.4 Terrace	A fenced open area attached to a building or located on the roof of a lower floor. Can have a roof and an exit from the adjoining premises of the house
3.5 Lift lobby	The area in front of the elevators
3.6 Tambour	Passage space between doors, which serves to protect against the penetration of cold air, smoke and odors when entering a building, stairwell or other premises
3.7 Light pocket	A room with natural light adjacent to the corridor and serving to illuminate it. The role of a light pocket can be performed by a staircase separated from the corridor by a glazed door with a width of at least 1.2 m
3.8 Underground	According to SNiP 31-02
3.9 Underground ventilated	Open space under the building between the ground surface and the floor of the first above-ground floor
3.10 Attic	The space between the top floor slab, the building cover (roof) and the exterior walls above the top floor slab
3.11 Household pantry (out-of-house)	A room intended for storage by residents of a house outside the apartment of things, equipment, vegetables, etc., excluding explosive substances and materials, located on the first, basement or basement floors of a residential building
3.12 Parking	According to SNiP 31-02
3.13 Mezzanine	A platform in the volume of a double-height room, with an area of not more than 40% of the floor area of a double-height room or an internal platform of an apartment located within a floor with an increased height, having an area size of not more than 40% of the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in which it is being built
3.14 Public premises	In this document - premises intended for the implementation of activities in them to serve the residents of the house, residents of the adjacent residential area, and others permitted for placement in residential buildings by the bodies of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision

APPENDIX B

RULES FOR DETERMINING THE AREA OF THE PREMISES, THE AREA OF THE BUILDING AND THE STORES OF THE BUILDING DURING DESIGN

IN 1 The area of premises of residential buildings should be determined by their dimensions, measured between the finished surfaces of walls and partitions at floor level (excluding skirting boards).

The area occupied by a stove, including a stove with a fireplace, which are included in the heating system of the building, and are not decorative, is not included in the floor area.

AT 2 The area of open spaces (balconies, loggias, terraces) should be determined by their dimensions, measured along the internal contour (between the wall of the building and the fence) of the open space without taking into account the area occupied by the fence.

AT 3 The area of public premises located in the volume of a residential building is calculated according to the rules established in SNiP 2.08.02.

AT 4 The built-up area of a building is defined as the area of the horizontal section along the outer contour of the building at the basement level, including protruding parts. The area under the building, located on the supports, as well as passages under it, are included in the built-up area.

AT 5 When determining the number of storeys of a building, the number of above-ground floors includes all above-ground floors, including the technical floor, the attic floor, and the basement floor, if the top of its floor is at least 2 m above the average planning elevation of the ground.

The underground under the building, regardless of its height, as well as the interfloor space with a height of less than 1.8 m, are not included in the number of above-ground floors.

With a different number of floors in different parts of the building, as well as when placing the building on a site with a slope, when the number of floors increases due to the slope, the number of floors is determined separately for each part of the building.

When determining the number of storeys of a building for calculating the number of elevators, the technical floor located above the top floor is not taken into account.

Notes

1 Apartment area and other technical indicators calculated for the purposes of statistical accounting and technical inventory, are determined according to the rules established in the "Instructions on accounting for the housing stock in the Russian Federation".

2 The rules for determining the area of a residential building, its number of storeys and construction volume, which are not technical indicators, are transferred to the Code of Rules for Architectural and Planning Solutions for Residential Buildings.

APPENDIX D

MINIMUM NUMBER OF PASSENGER ELEVATORS

Floors of the building	Number of elevators	Load capacity, kg	Speed, m/s	The largest floor area of apartments, m 2






Notes 1 Elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 or 1000 kg must have a cabin dimension of min 2100 ´ 1100 mm. 2 The table is compiled on the basis of: 18 m 2 of the total area of the apartment per person, floor height 2.8 m, interval of movement of elevators 81 - 100 s. 3 In residential buildings, in which the values of the values of the floor area of apartments, the height of the floor and the total area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment per one resident differ from those accepted in the table. The number, carrying capacity and speed of passenger elevators are established by calculation.
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Instead of SNiP 2.08.01-89*

Introduction

1 area of use

3. Terms and definitions

4. General provisions

5. Requirements for the premises of apartments

6. Bearing capacity and deformability of structures

7. Fire safety

8. Safety in use

9. Ensuring sanitary and epidemiological requirements

10. Durability and maintainability

11. Energy saving

Appendix B. Terms and definitions

Annex B. Rules for determining the area of premises, building area

and the number of storeys of the building during the design

Appendix D. Minimum number of passenger lifts

Introduction

Sections 4, 6 - 10 of these standards contain requirements that correspond to the goals of technical regulations and are subject to mandatory compliance, taking into account Part 1 of Article 46 of the Federal Law "On Technical Regulation".

Multi-apartment residential buildings started under construction according to design documentation developed and approved before January 1, 2004 may be built and put into operation without adjusting the design documentation in accordance with the requirements of these rules and regulations.

The work was carried out by the team of authors: FSUE CNS (candidates of technical sciences S.N. Nersesov, L.S. Eksler); FCS Gosstroy of Russia (candidate architect L.A. Viktorova; N.N. Polyakov); OJSC "TsNIIEPzhilischa" (Doctor of Engineering Science Yu.G.Granik); MNIITEP (candidates architect S.I. Yakhkind, I.S. Genkina, L.V. Petrova, candidate of geographic sciences L.I. Konova, engineer V.I. Lagover), NIISF RAASN (candidate of techn. sciences Yu.A.Matrosov); UPPiN Moscow Architecture Committee (architect A.P. Zobnin); Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene. A.A. Sysina (Prof., Doctor of Medical Sciences Yu.D. Gubernsky, Candidate of Medical Sciences N.V. Kalinina); TC 209 "Elevators, construction hoists and escalators" (S.M. Roitburd); Management of technical regulation of the Gosstroy of Russia (V.A.Glukharev).

1 area of use

1.1 These rules and regulations apply to the design and construction of newly constructed and reconstructed multi-apartment residential buildings up to 75 m high (hereinafter adopted in accordance with SNiP 21-01 * (1)), apartment-type dormitories, as well as residential premises, included in the premises of buildings of other functional purposes.

The rules and regulations do not apply to: block-built residential buildings designed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 31-02, in which premises belonging to different apartments are not located one above the other, and only walls between adjacent blocks are common, as well as mobile residential building.

The norms do not regulate the conditions for settling the building and the form of ownership of it, its apartments and individual premises.

The system of regulatory documents in construction

BUILDING REGULATIONS
RUSSIAN FEDERATION

RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

SNiP 31-01-2003

STATE COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
FOR CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING AND UTILITY COMPLEX
(GOSSTROY OF RUSSIA)

Moscow

FOREWORD

1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise - the Center for the Methodology of Rationing and Standardization in Construction (FGUP CNS), JSC "TsNIIEPzhilischa", MNIITEP, Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene named after. A.A. Sysin with the participation of a team of specialists from leading research and design organizations

INTRODUCED by the Department of technical regulation, standardization and certification in construction and housing and communal services of the Gosstroy of Russia

2 ADOPTED AND PUT INTO EFFECT on October 1, 2003 by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated June 23, 2003 No. 109

3 INSTEAD OF SNiP 2.08.01-89*

Introduction. 2

1 area of use. 2

3 terms and definitions. 3

4 general provisions. 3

5 requirements for the premises of apartments. 6

6 bearing capacity and deformability of structures. 7

7 fire safety. 8

7.1 prevention of the spread of fire. 8

7.2 ensuring evacuation. 10

7.3 fire safety requirements for engineering systems and equipment of the building. 12

7.4 ensuring fire fighting and rescue operations. 14

8 safety in use. 14

9 ensuring sanitary and epidemiological requirements. 16

10 durability and maintainability. 20

11 energy saving. 21

Appendix b Terms and definitions. 23

Annex to the Rules for determining the area of premises, building area and number of storeys of a building during design. 24

Annex d Minimum number of passenger lifts. 25

INTRODUCTION

The work was done by the team of authors: Federal State Unitary Enterprise CNS (candidates of technical sciences S.N. Nersesov, L.S. exler), FCS Gosstroy of Russia (candidate of arch. L.A. Viktorova; N.N. Polyakov); OJSC "TsNIIEPzhilischa" (Doctor of Engineering Sciences SOUTH. Granik); MNIITEP (candidates architect. S.I. Yakhkind, I.S. Genkina, L.V. Petrova, cand. geogr. Science L.I. Konova, engineer . IN AND. Lagower), NIISF RAASN (candidate of technical sciences Yu.A. Sailors); UPPiN Moskomarchitectura (arch. A.P. Zobnin); Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene. A.A. Sysina (prof., doctor of medical sciences Yu.D. Provincial, cand. honey. Sciences N.V. Kalinina); TK 209 "Elevators, construction hoists and escalators" ( CM. Roitburd); Management of technical regulation of Gosstroy of Russia ( V.A. Glukharev).

SNiP 31-01-2003

BUILDING NORMS AND RULES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

MULTICOMPARTMENT RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Introduction date 2003-10-01

1 AREA OF USE

1.1 These rules and regulations apply to the design and construction of newly constructed and reconstructed multi-apartment residential buildings up to 75 m high (hereinafter adopted in accordance with SNiP 21-01 1), apartment-type dormitories, as well as residential premises that are part of the premises buildings for other purposes.

The norms do not regulate the conditions for settling the building and the form of ownership of it, its apartments and individual premises.

Regulatory documents, to which there are references in the text of these standards, are given in Appendix A.

In case of exclusion from the number of current regulatory documents to which there are references in these norms, one should be guided by the norms introduced to replace the excluded ones.

3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

In this document, terms are used, the definitions of which are given in Appendix B, as well as other terms, the definitions of which are accepted according to the normative documents listed in Appendix A.

4 GENERAL

4.1 The construction of residential buildings must be carried out according to the project in accordance with the requirements of these building codes and regulations and other regulatory documents establishing the rules for design and construction, on the basis of a building permit. The rules for determining the building area and the number of storeys of buildings during the design are given in Appendix B.

4.2 The location of a residential building, the distance from it to other buildings and structures, the size of land plots at the house are established in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.07.01. The number of floors and length of buildings are determined by the development project. When determining the number of storeys and length of residential buildings in seismic areas, the requirements of SNiP II-7 and SNiP 2.07.01 should be met.

4.3 When designing and constructing a residential building, conditions must be provided for the life of people with limited mobility, accessibility of the site, building and apartments for disabled people using wheelchairs, if the placement of apartments for families with disabled people in this residential building is established in the design assignment.

In residential buildings of the federal and municipal housing stock, the share of apartments for families with disabled people using wheelchairs is established in the design assignment by local governments. Specific requirements for ensuring the life of the disabled and other people with limited mobility should be provided for, taking into account local conditions and the requirements of SNiP 35-01.

4.4 The project must be accompanied by instructions for the operation of apartments and public premises of the house.

The operating instructions for apartments and premises of the house should contain the data necessary for tenants (owners) of apartments and built-in public premises, as well as operating organizations to ensure safety during operation, including: information about the main structures and engineering systems, layouts of hidden elements and frame nodes, hidden wiring and engineering networks, as well as the limit values of loads on structural elements of the house and on its electrical network. These data can be presented in the form of copies of executive documentation. In addition, the instruction should include rules for the maintenance and maintenance of fire protection systems and an evacuation plan in case of fire.

4.5 In residential buildings, provision should be made for: domestic drinking, fire-fighting and hot water supply, sewerage and drains in accordance with SNiP 2.04.01 and SNiP 2.04.02; heating, ventilation, smoke protection - in accordance with SNiP 41-01.

4.6 Residential buildings should be provided with electric lighting, power electrical equipment, telephone, radio, television antennas and bell alarms, as well as automatic fire alarms, warning and evacuation control systems in case of fire, elevators for transporting fire departments and means of rescuing people in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents.

4.7 On the roofs of residential buildings, provision should be made for the installation of antennas for the collective reception of transmissions and racks of wired broadcasting networks. Installation of radio relay masts and towers is prohibited.

4.8 Elevators should be provided in residential buildings with the floor level of the upper residential floor exceeding the floor level of the first floor by 11.2 m.

The minimum number of passenger elevators that residential buildings of various heights must be equipped with is given in Appendix D.

In residential buildings in which apartments are provided for families with disabled people using wheelchairs on floors above the first floor, passenger elevators or lifting platforms must be provided in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 35-01, GOST R 51631 and NPB 250.

4.9 The width of the platforms in front of the elevators should allow the use of the elevator to transport the patient on an ambulance stretcher and be at least, m:

1.5 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin width of 2100 mm;

2.1 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin depth of 2100 mm.

With a two-row arrangement of elevators, the width of the elevator hall must be at least, m:

1.8 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of less than 2100 mm;

2.5 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of 2100 mm or more.

4.10 In the basement, first and second floors of a residential building (in large and largest cities 1 on the third floor), it is allowed to place built-in and built-in-attached public premises, with the exception of objects that have a harmful effect on humans.

1 Classification of cities - according to SNiP 2.07.01.

It is not allowed to post:

specialized fish shops; warehouses for any purpose, including wholesale (or small wholesale) trade;

2 The time of restriction of operation can be specified by local governments.

catering and leisure establishments with more than 50 seats, a total area of more than 250 m 2 and with musical accompaniment;

industrial premises (except for premises of categories B and D for the work of disabled people and older people, including: points for issuing work at home, workshops for assembly and decorative work); dental laboratories, clinical diagnostic and bacteriological laboratories; dispensaries of all types; day hospitals of dispensaries and hospitals of private clinics: trauma centers, ambulance and emergency medical substations; dermatovenerological, psychiatric, infectious and phthisiatric rooms for medical appointments; departments (rooms) of magnetic resonance imaging;

x-ray rooms, as well as rooms with medical or diagnostic equipment and installations that are sources of ionizing radiation, veterinary clinics and offices.

Shops selling synthetic carpet products may be located attached to the blind sections of the walls of residential buildings with a fire resistance limit of REI 150.

4.11 It is not allowed to place premises for storage, processing and use in various installations and devices of flammable and combustible liquids and gases, explosives, combustible materials in the basement and basement floors of residential buildings; rooms for children; cinemas, conference halls and other halls with more than 50 seats, as well as medical institutions. When placing other premises on these floors, one should also take into account the restrictions established in 4.10 of this SNiP and in Appendix 4* of SNiP 2.08.02.

It is allowed not to provide for the indicated loading rooms with an area of built-in public rooms up to 150 m 2.

4.13 On the top floor of residential buildings, it is allowed to place workshops for artists and architects, as well as office (office) premises with no more than 5 people working in each, while taking into account the requirements of 7.2.15 of this SNiP.

It is allowed to place office premises in superstructured attic floors in buildings not lower than the II degree of fire resistance and not more than 28 m high.

4.14 In residential floors, it is allowed to place public premises for individual activities (within the area of apartments). As part of apartments with a two-sided orientation, it is allowed to provide additional premises for a family kindergarten for a group of no more than 10 people; reception rooms for one or two doctors (in agreement with the bodies of the sanitary and epidemiological service); massage room for one specialist.

It is allowed to place a family kindergarten in apartments with a two-way orientation, located no higher than the 2nd floor in buildings not lower than the II degree of fire resistance, provided that these apartments are provided with an emergency exit in accordance with 6.20*, A) or b) SNiP 21-01 and if it is possible to arrange playgrounds in the local area.

4.15 When arranging built-in or built-in-attached parking lots in residential buildings, the requirements of SNiP 21-02 should be observed. Residential floors and floors with premises for preschool institutions and medical institutions should be separated from the parking lot by a technical floor.

4.16 In multi-apartment residential buildings on the first, basement or basement floors, a pantry for cleaning equipment equipped with a sink should be provided.

4.17 The need for a waste chute in residential buildings is determined by local governments, depending on the adopted waste disposal system.

5 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PREMISES OF APARTMENTS

5.1 Apartments in residential buildings should be designed based on the conditions for settling them by one family.

5.2 In buildings of state and municipal housing stock, the minimum size of apartments in terms of the number of rooms and their area (excluding the area of balconies, terraces, verandas, loggias, cold storage rooms and apartment vestibules) is recommended to be taken according to table 5.1. The number of rooms and the area of apartments for specific regions and cities is specified by the local administration, taking into account demographic requirements, the achieved level of housing provision for the population and the resource supply of housing construction.

In residential buildings of other forms of ownership, the composition of the premises and the area of apartments are established by the customer-developer in the design assignment.

5.3 In apartments provided to citizens, taking into account the social norm of housing area 1 in the buildings of state and municipal housing funds, living quarters (rooms) and utility rooms should be provided: a kitchen (or a kitchen niche), an entrance hall, a bathroom (or a shower room) and a toilet (or combined bathroom), pantry (or utility built-in closet).

5.4 A ventilated drying cabinet for outerwear and footwear is provided for during the construction of a residential building in IA, IB, IG and IIA climatic subregions.

Table 5.1

Unfavorable conditions for designing balconies and unglazed loggias:

Noise from highways or industrial areas 75 dB or more at a distance of 2 m from the facade of a residential building (except for noise-protected residential buildings);

The concentration of dust in the air is 1.5 mg/m 3 or more for 15 days or more during the three summer months.

5.5 Placement of residential premises in the basement and basement floors of residential buildings is not allowed.

5.6 The dimensions of the residential and utility rooms of the apartment are determined depending on the required set of furniture and equipment, placed taking into account the requirements of ergonomics.

5.7 The area of the premises in the apartments specified in 5.3 must be at least: living quarters (rooms) in a one-room apartment - 14 m 2, common living quarters in apartments with two or more rooms - 16 m 2, bedrooms - 8 m 2 (10 m 2 - for two people); kitchens - 8 m 2; kitchen area in the kitchen - dining room - 6 m 2. In one-room apartments, it is allowed to design kitchens or kitchen niches with an area of at least 5 m 2.

The area of the bedroom and kitchen in the attic floor (or floor with inclined enclosing structures) is allowed at least 7 m 2, provided that the common living space has an area of at least 16 m 2.

5.8 The height (from floor to ceiling) of living quarters and the kitchen (kitchen-dining room) in climatic regions IA, IB, IG, ID and IVA must be at least 2.7 m, and in other climatic regions - at least 2.5 m.

The height of intra-apartment corridors, halls, front, mezzanines (and under them) is determined by the conditions for the safety of people's movement and should be at least 2.1 m.

5.9 Common living quarters in 2-, 3- and 4-room apartments of the housing stock buildings specified in 5.3, and bedrooms in all apartments should be designed impassable.

5.10 The premises of the apartments specified in 5.3 must be equipped with: a kitchen - a sink or sink, as well as a stove for cooking; bathroom - bathtub (or shower) and washbasin; restroom - a toilet bowl with a flush tank; combined bathroom - bath (or shower), washbasin and toilet. In other apartments, the composition of the equipment of the premises is established by the customer-developer.

The device of a combined bathroom is allowed in one-room apartments of houses of state and municipal housing funds, in other apartments - according to the design assignment.

6 BEARING CAPACITY AND DEFORMABILITY OF STRUCTURES

6.1 The foundations and load-bearing structures of the building must be designed and erected in such a way that during its construction and under the design operating conditions the possibility of:

destruction or damage to structures, leading to the need to stop the operation of the building;

unacceptable deterioration in the performance properties of structures or the building as a whole due to deformation or cracking.

6.2 The structures and foundations of the building must be designed to withstand constant loads from the own weight of the supporting and enclosing structures; temporary uniformly distributed and concentrated loads on floors; snow and wind loads for a given construction area. The normative values of the listed loads, taking into account unfavorable combinations of loads or the corresponding forces, the limit values of deflections and displacements of structures, as well as the values of the safety factors for loads must be taken in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.01.07.

6.3 The methods used in the design of structures for calculating their bearing capacity and deformability must meet the requirements of the current regulatory documents for structures made of appropriate materials.

6.4 The foundations of the building must be designed taking into account the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soils provided for in SNiP 2.02.01, SNiP 2.02.03 (for permafrost soils - in SNiP 2.02.04), the characteristics of the hydrogeological regime at the construction site, as well as the degree of aggressiveness of soils and underground water in relation to foundations and underground engineering networks and must ensure the necessary uniformity of the settlement of the foundations under the building elements.

6.5 When calculating a building with a height of more than 40 m for a wind load, in addition to the conditions of strength and stability of the building and its individual structural elements, restrictions must be provided on the vibration parameters of the ceilings of the upper floors, due to the requirements for living comfort.

6.6 In case of occurrence during the reconstruction of additional loads and impacts on the remaining part of the residential building, its load-bearing and enclosing structures, as well as the foundation soils, must be checked for these loads and impacts in accordance with applicable standards, regardless of the physical deterioration of the structures.

6.7 When reconstructing a residential building, one should take into account changes in its structural scheme that have arisen during the operation of this building (including the appearance of new openings that are additional to the original design solution, as well as the impact of the repair of structures or their strengthening).

6.8 When reconstructing residential buildings with a change in the location of sanitary facilities, it is necessary to carry out appropriate additional measures for hydro, noise and vibration isolation, as well as, if necessary, strengthening the floors on which the equipment of these sanitary facilities is to be installed.

7 FIRE SAFETY

7.1 PREVENTION OF THE SPREAD OF FIRE

7.1.1 Fire safety of buildings should be ensured in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 21-01 for buildings of functional fire hazard F1.3 and the rules established in this document for specially specified cases, and during operation in accordance with PPB 01.

7.1.2 The permissible building height and floor area within the fire compartment are determined depending on the degree of fire resistance and the structural fire hazard class according to Table 7.1.

Table 7.1

The degree of fire resistance of the building		The highest allowable height of the building, m	The largest allowable floor area of the fire compartment, m 2











	Not standardized
	Not standardized
Note - The degree of fire resistance of a building with unheated extensions should be taken according to the degree of fire resistance of the heated part of the building.

7.1.3 Buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance can be built on one attic floor with load-bearing elements having a fire resistance rating of at least R 45 and fire hazard class K0, regardless of the height of the buildings specified in Table 7.1, but located no higher than 75 m. Enclosing structures of this floors must meet the requirements for the structures of the building being built on.

When using wooden structures, structural fire protection should be provided that ensures these requirements.

7.1.4 The fire resistance limit on the basis of R for gallery structures in gallery houses of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance must correspond to the values \u200b\u200baccepted for floors of buildings and have a fire hazard class K0. The structures of galleries in buildings of the IV degree of fire resistance must have a fire resistance rating of at least R 15 and a fire hazard class of K0.

7.1.5 In buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, only structural fire protection should be used to ensure the required fire resistance of the building's load-bearing elements.

7.1.6 The load-bearing elements of two-story buildings of the IV degree of fire resistance must have a fire resistance rating of at least R 30.

7.1.7 In buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, intersection walls and partitions, as well as walls and partitions separating non-apartment corridors from other premises, must have a fire resistance rating of at least EI 45, in buildings of IV fire resistance - at least EI 15.

7.1.8 The fire hazard class and the fire resistance limit of interior, including cabinet, collapsible, with doorways and sliding partitions are not standardized.

7.1.9 Partitions between storerooms in the basement and basement floors of buildings of the II degree of fire resistance up to five floors inclusive, as well as in buildings of III and IV degrees of fire resistance, can be designed with a non-standardized fire resistance limit and fire hazard class. Partitions separating the technical corridor of the basement and basement floors from the rest of the premises must be fireproof of the 1st type.

7.1.10 Technical, basement, ground floors and attics should be divided by fire partitions of the 1st type into compartments with an area of \u200b\u200bno more than 500 m 2 in non-sectional residential buildings, and in sectional ones - in sections.

7.1.11 Fences of loggias and balconies in buildings with a height of three floors or more must be made of non-combustible materials.

From non-combustible materials, it is also necessary to carry out external sun protection in buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance with a height of 5 floors or more.

7.1.12 Public premises should be separated from the premises of the residential part by fire partitions of the 1st type and ceilings of the 3rd type without openings, in buildings of the I degree of fire resistance - by ceilings of the 2nd type.

7.1.13 The garbage collection chamber must have an independent entrance, isolated from the entrance to the building by a blank wall, and be distinguished by fire partitions and ceilings with fire resistance limits of at least REI 60 and fire hazard class K0.

7.1.14 Roofing, rafters and attic sheathing are allowed to be made of combustible materials. In buildings with attics (with the exception of buildings of the V degree of fire resistance), when installing rafters and lathing from combustible materials, it is not allowed to use roofs made of combustible materials, and the rafters and lathing should be subjected to fire retardant treatment. With constructive protection of these structures, they should not contribute to the latent spread of combustion.

7.1.15 The load-bearing structures of the coating of the built-in-attached part must have a fire resistance rating of at least R 45 and a fire hazard class of K0. If there are windows in a residential building oriented to the built-in part of the building, the level of the roof at the junction should not exceed the floor mark above the living quarters of the main part of the building. The insulation in the coating must be non-combustible.

7.1.16 When installing solid fuel pantries in the basement or first floor, they should be separated from other rooms by deaf fire partitions of the 1st type and floors of the 3rd type. The exit from these pantries should be directly outside.

7.2 EVACUATION PROVISION

7.2.1 The greatest distances from the doors of the apartments to the staircase or exit to the outside should be taken from Table 7.2.

Table 7.2

The degree of fire resistance of the building	Building constructive fire hazard class	The greatest distance from the apartment door to the exit, m
The degree of fire resistance of the building	Building constructive fire hazard class	when located between stairwells or external entrances	at exits to a dead-end corridor or gallery






	Not standardized

7.2.2 The width of the corridor should be, m, not less than: if its length between the stairs or the end of the corridor and the stairs is up to 40 m - 1.4, over 40 m - 1.6, the width of the gallery is not less than 1.2 m. Corridors should be separated by partitions with doors with fire resistance EI 30, equipped with closers and located at a distance of no more than 30 m from one another and from the ends of the corridor.

7.2.3 It is allowed to provide glazed doors in stairwells and elevator lobbies, while in buildings with a height of four floors or more - with reinforced glass.

7.2.4 The number of emergency exits from the floor and the type of staircases should be taken according to SNiP 21-01.

7.2.5 In residential buildings with a height of less than 28 m, designed for placement in the IV climatic region and the IIIB climatic subregion, instead of staircases, it is allowed to install external open stairs made of non-combustible materials with a fire resistance of at least R 60.

7.2.6 In residential buildings of the corridor (gallery) type, with a total area of apartments per floor up to 500 m 2, it is allowed to provide access to one stairwell of type H1 with a building height of more than 28 m or type L1 with a building height of less than 28 m, provided that at the ends of the corridors ( galleries) provides exits to the external stairs of the 3rd type, leading to the level of the floor of the second floor. When placing these staircases at the end of the building, it is allowed to install one staircase of the 3rd type in the opposite end of the corridor (gallery).

7.2.7 When building on existing buildings with a height of up to 28 m on one floor, it is allowed to keep the existing staircase of type L1, provided that the floor to be built is provided with an emergency exit according to 6.20 *, a), b) or V) SNiP 21-01.

7.2.8 With a total area of apartments on the floor, and for buildings of a sectional type - on the floor of a section, more than 500 m 2, evacuation must be carried out at least two staircases (normal or smoke-free).

In residential buildings with a total area of apartments on the section floor (the floor of a corridor, gallery building) from 500 to 550 m 2, one emergency exit from the apartments is allowed:

if the height of the upper floor is not more than 28 m - into an ordinary staircase, provided that the front rooms in the apartments are equipped with addressable fire alarm sensors;

7.2.9 For a multi-level apartment, it is allowed not to provide access to the stairwell from each floor, provided that the premises of the apartment are located no higher than 18 m and the floor of the apartment that does not have direct access to the stairwell is provided with an emergency exit in accordance with the requirements of 6.20 *, a), b) or V) SNiP 21-01. The internal staircase is allowed to be made of wood.

7.2.10 Passage to the outer air zone of the H1 type stairwell is allowed through the elevator hall, while the arrangement of elevator shafts and doors in them must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of 7.22 SNiP 21-01.

7.2.11 In buildings up to 50 m high with a total area of apartments on the section floor up to 500 m 2, an evacuation exit may be provided for a stairwell of type H2 or H3 when one of the elevators is installed in the building, which ensures the transportation of fire departments and meets the requirements of NPB 250. At the same time, an exit to the H2 stairwell should be provided through the vestibule (or elevator hall), and the doors of the stairwell, elevator shafts, tambour locks and vestibules must be type 2 fireproof.

7.2.12 In sectional houses with a height of more than 28 m, it is allowed to arrange an exit to the outside from smoke-free staircases (type H1) through the lobby (in the absence of exits to it from the parking lot and public premises), separated from the adjacent corridors by type 1 fire partitions with fire doors 2- type. At the same time, the connection of the H1 type staircase with the vestibule should be arranged through the air zone. It is allowed to fill the opening of the air zone on the ground floor with a metal grate. On the way from the apartment to the H1 stairwell there must be at least two (not counting the doors from the apartment) sequentially located self-closing doors.

7.2.13 In a building with a height of three floors or more, exits to the outside from the basement, basement floors and technical underground must be located at least 100 m apart and must not communicate with the staircases of the residential part of the building.

Exits from technical floors should be provided in accordance with 6.21 SNiP 21-01.

Exits from technical floors located in the middle or upper part of the building are allowed through common staircases, and in buildings with H1 staircases - through the air zone.

7.2.14 When arranging emergency exits from attic floors to the roof in accordance with 6.20 * SNiP 21-01, it is necessary to provide for platforms and walkways with a fence in accordance with GOST 25772 leading to type 3 stairs and P2 stairs.

7.2.15 Public premises must have entrances and emergency exits isolated from the residential part of the building.

7.3 FIRE FIGHTING REQUIREMENTS FOR ENGINEERING SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT OF THE BUILDING

7.3.1 Smoke protection of buildings must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 41-01. In buildings with a height of more than 28 m with smoke-free staircases, it should be provided for the removal of smoke from floor corridors through special shafts with forced exhaust and valves arranged on each floor at the rate of one shaft per 30 m of the length of the corridor. An autonomous fan should be provided for each smoke exhaust shaft. Smoke exhaust shafts must have a fire resistance rating of at least EI 60.

In elevator shafts in buildings with a height of more than 28 m, in case of fire, outdoor air should be supplied in accordance with SNiP 41-01.

7.3.2 Ventilation installations for air overpressure and smoke removal should be located in separate ventilation chambers, fenced off with type 1 fireproof partitions. Opening of valves and turning on of fans should be provided by automatic switches installed in the hallways of apartments, in non-apartment corridors or halls, in concierge rooms, as well as remote from buttons installed on each floor in fire hydrant cabinets.

7.3.3 The protection of buildings by automatic fire alarms should be provided in accordance with NPB 110. If there is an automatic fire alarm in the building, smoke fire detectors should be installed in the concierge's office, in non-apartment corridors and garbage collection chambers.

Thermal fire detectors installed in the hallways of apartments in buildings with a height of more than 28 m must have a response temperature of not more than 52 ° C.

7.3.4 The fire warning system must be carried out in accordance with NPB 104.

7.3.5 Intra-house and intra-apartment electrical networks must be equipped with residual current devices (RCD) in accordance with the PUE.

7.3.6 In the kitchens of residential buildings with a height of 11 floors or more, it is not allowed to install gas-fired cookers.

7.3.7 In the absence of the possibility or expediency of connecting new and reconstructed multi-apartment residential buildings to a centralized or autonomous heat supply system in apartments and built-in public premises, except for the premises of children's and medical institutions, it is allowed to provide individual heat supply systems with natural gas heat generators with closed combustion chambers.

7.3.8 Heat generators should be placed in a separate non-residential premises, while the total thermal power of heat generators should not exceed 100 kW. The installation of heat generators with a total thermal power of up to 35 kW is allowed to be provided in kitchens.

The room for heat generators is not allowed to be placed in the basement. It must have a window with a glazing area at the rate of 0.03 m 2 per 1 m 3 of the volume of the room, with a window or other special device for ventilation located in the upper part of the window. The volume of the room is determined based on the conditions for the convenience of operation of heat generators and the production of installation work and be at least 15 m 3.

The height of the room must be at least 2.2 m. The dimensions of the room must ensure the arrangement of passages with a width of at least 0.7 m.

Heat generators should be installed:

At walls or on walls made of non-combustible (NG) and slow-burning (G1) materials;

7.3.9 Apartment heat generators, cooking and heating stoves operating on solid fuels may be provided in residential buildings up to two floors inclusive (excluding the basement). Storerooms of solid fuel should be placed in outbuildings.

7.3.10 Heat generators, including solid fuel stoves and fireplaces, cooking stoves and chimneys, must be made with the implementation of structural measures in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 41-01. Prefabricated heat generators and hobs must also be installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the manufacturer's instructions.

7.3.11 The collection chamber must be protected throughout the area by sprinklers. The section of the distribution pipeline of the sprinklers must be annular, connected to the building's drinking water supply network and have thermal insulation made of non-combustible materials. The chamber door must be insulated.

7.3.12 In two-story buildings of the V degree of fire resistance with a number of apartments of 4 or more, a dry pipe should be provided in the volume of the staircase with its output to the attic.

In the distribution (introductory) electrical panels of these buildings, the installation of self-actuating fire extinguishers should be provided.

7.4 FIRE FIGHTING AND RESCUE PROVISION

7.4.1 Through passages in buildings should be taken as a clear width of at least 3.5 m, a height of at least 4.25 m for buildings up to 50 m high and at least 4.5 m for buildings over 50 m high. buildings should be located at a distance of no more than 100 m from one another.

It is allowed not to arrange through passages through the stairwells when installing water supply networks with the installation of fire hydrants on them from two opposite sides of the building.

7.4.2 In each compartment of the basement or basement, separated by fire barriers, at least two windows with dimensions of at least 0.9 × 1.2 m with pits should be provided. The free area of these windows must be taken according to the calculation, but not less than 0.2% of the floor area of these premises. The dimensions of the pit should allow the supply of fire extinguishing agent from the foam generator and the removal of smoke using a smoke exhauster (the distance from the wall of the building to the border of the pit should be at least 0.7 m).

7.4.3 In the transverse walls of basements and technical undergrounds of large-panel buildings, openings 1.6 m high are allowed. In this case, the height of the threshold should not exceed 0.3 m.

7.4.4 Fire water supply must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 2.04.01 and SNiP 2.04.02.

7.4.5 On the drinking water supply network in each apartment, a separate tap should be provided for connecting a hose equipped with a sprayer to use it as the primary device for internal fire extinguishing to eliminate the source of fire. The length of the hose should ensure the possibility of supplying water to any point in the apartment.

7.4.6 In residential buildings with a height of more than 50 m, one of the elevators must ensure the transportation of fire departments and comply with the requirements of NPB 250.

8 SAFETY IN USE

8.1 A residential building must be designed, erected and equipped in such a way as to prevent the risk of injury to residents when moving inside and around the house, when entering and leaving the house, as well as when using its elements and engineering equipment.

8.2 The slope and width of flights of stairs and ramps, the height of the steps, the width of the treads, the width of the landings, the height of the passages on the stairs, the basement, the attic in use, as well as the dimensions of the doorways, should ensure the convenience and safety of movement and the possibility of moving equipment items of the corresponding premises of apartments and built-in public building building.

The minimum width and maximum slope of flights of stairs should be taken according to table 8.1.

Table 8.1

March name	Minimum width, m	Max slope
Flights of stairs leading to the residential floors of buildings:
sectional:
two-storey
three stories or more
corridor
Flights of stairs leading to the basement and basement floors, as well as internal staircases
Note - The width of the march should be determined by the distance between the fences or between the wall and the fence.

The height of differences in the floor level of different rooms and spaces in the building must be safe. Where necessary, handrails and ramps should be provided. The number of rises in one flight of stairs or at a level difference should be at least 3 and not more than 18. The use of stairs with different heights and depths of steps is not allowed. In two-level apartments, internal staircases are allowed with spiral or winder steps, while the width of the tread in the middle must be at least 18 cm.

8.3 The height of the railings of stairs, balconies, loggias, terraces, roofs and in places of dangerous drops must be at least 1.2 m. Flights of stairs and landings must have railings with handrails.

Fencing must be continuous, equipped with handrails and designed to absorb horizontal loads of at least 0.3 kN/m.

8.4 Structural solutions of the elements of the house (including the location of voids, methods of sealing the places where pipelines pass through structures, arrangement of ventilation openings, placement of thermal insulation, etc.) should provide protection against the penetration of rodents.

8.5 The engineering systems of the building must be designed and installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the regulatory documents of the state supervision bodies and the instructions of the equipment manufacturers.

8.6 Under possible seismic effects, engineering equipment and instruments must be securely fixed.

8.7 It is allowed to design a fireplace in an apartment on the top floor of a residential building, on any level of a multi-level apartment, located last in height in the house.

8.8 Measures aimed at reducing the risks of criminal manifestations and their consequences, contributing to the protection of people living in a residential building and minimizing possible damage in the event of unlawful acts, should be provided in a residential building and in the adjacent territory. These activities are set in the design assignment in accordance with the regulatory legal acts of local governments and may include the use of explosion-proof structures, the installation of intercoms, combination locks, security alarm systems, protective structures of window openings in the first, basement and upper floors, in basement pits, and as well as entrance doors leading to the basement, to the attic and, if necessary, to other rooms.

General security systems (television control, burglar alarms, etc.) must protect fire fighting equipment from unauthorized access and vandalism.

Measures aimed at reducing the risks of criminal manifestations should be supplemented at the operational stage.

8.9 In separate residential buildings, determined according to the layout of civil defense structures, dual-use premises should be designed in accordance with the instructions of SNiP II-11.

8.10 Lightning protection is designed in accordance with the requirements of RD 34.21.122.

8.11 On the operated roofs of residential buildings (except for residential buildings with public premises on the upper floors), roofs of built-in and attached public premises, as well as at the entrance area, on summer non-residential premises, in connecting elements between residential buildings, including open non-residential floors (first and intermediate), used for the construction of sports grounds for recreation of adult residents of the house, areas for drying clothes and cleaning clothes or a solarium, the necessary security measures should be provided (device of fences and measures to protect ventilation outlets).

8.12 When designing saunas in apartments, the following should be considered:

The volume of the steam room - no more than 24 m 3;

A special factory-made oven for heating with automatic shutdown when the temperature reaches 130 °C, as well as after 8 hours of continuous operation;

Placing this stove at a distance of at least 0.2 m from the walls of the steam room;

Arrangement of a fireproof heat-insulating shield above the furnace;

Equipment of the ventilation duct with a fire damper in accordance with SNiP 41-01.

8.13 The switchboard room, premises for head stations (HS), technical centers (TC) for cable television, sound transformer substations (ZTP), as well as places for telephone distribution cabinets (SHRT) should not be located under rooms with wet processes (bathrooms, toilets, etc.). ).

8.14 The premises of the HS, shopping center, ZTP must have entrances directly from the street; the electrical room (including for communication equipment, automatic control systems, dispatching and television) must have an entrance directly from the street or from a floor-by-floor non-apartment corridor (hall); the approach to the installation site of the SHRT should also be from the indicated corridor.

9 ENSURE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS

9.2 The design parameters of air in the premises of a residential building should be taken according to the optimal standards of GOST 30494. The air exchange rate in the premises should be taken in accordance with Table 9.1.

Table 9.1

room	Multiplicity or amount of air exchange, m 3 per hour, not less
room	in idle mode	in maintenance mode
Bedroom, shared, children's room
Library, office
Pantry, linen, dressing room
Gym, billiard room
Laundry, ironing, drying
Kitchen with electric stove
Room with gas-using equipment		1.0 + 100 m3 per slab
Room with heat generators and solid fuel stoves		1.0 + 100 m3 per slab
Bathroom, shower room, toilet, shared bathroom
		10 m 3 for 1 person
Elevator engine room		By calculation
Parking		By calculation
Garbage chamber

The air exchange rate in all ventilated rooms not listed in the table in non-operating mode should be at least 0.2 room volume per hour.

9.3 In the heat engineering calculation of the enclosing structures of residential buildings, the temperature of the internal air of heated premises should be taken as at least 20 °C.

When installing an air conditioning system, optimal parameters must also be ensured in the warm season.

9.5 The ventilation system must maintain the purity (quality) of air in the premises and the uniformity of its distribution.

Ventilation can be:

With natural inflow and removal of air;

With mechanical induction of air inflow and removal, including combined with air heating;

Combined with natural air supply and exhaust with partial use of mechanical stimulation.

Air from rooms where harmful substances or unpleasant odors can be released should be removed directly to the outside and not enter other rooms of the building, including through ventilation ducts.

9.8 Ventilation of built-in public premises, except for those specified in 4.14, must be autonomous.

9.11 The duration of insolation of apartments (premises) of a residential building should be taken in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076.

The normalized duration of insolation must be ensured: in one-, two- and three-room apartments - at least in one living room; in four-room apartments and more - in at least two living rooms.

The required temperature and the absence of moisture condensation on the internal surfaces of structures inside the premises;

Prevention of accumulation of excess moisture in structures.

9.19 In I - III climatic regions, at all external entrances to residential buildings, vestibules with a depth of at least 1.5 m should be provided.

Double vestibules at the entrances to residential buildings should be designed depending on the number of storeys of the buildings and the area of their construction in accordance with Table 9.2.

Table 9.2

9.23 When using new materials and products in construction, the latter must have a hygienic certificate issued by bodies and institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service.

Inter-apartment walls and partitions must have an airborne sound insulation index of at least 50 dB.

9.29 To remove wastewater, a sewerage system must be provided - centralized or local in accordance with the rules established in SNiP 2.04.01.

Wastewater must be removed without polluting the territory and aquifers.

9.30 Devices for the collection and disposal of municipal solid waste and waste from the operation of public premises built into a residential building, including garbage chutes, must be made in accordance with the rules for the operation of the housing stock adopted by local authorities.

The trunk of the garbage chute must be airtight, soundproofed from building structures and must not be adjacent to living quarters.

10 DURABILITY AND REPAIRABILITY

At the same time, materials, structures and technology of construction work should be selected taking into account the minimum subsequent costs for repair, maintenance and operation.

In necessary cases, appropriate measures must be taken to prevent the penetration of rain, melt, groundwater into the thickness of the supporting and enclosing structures of the building, as well as the formation of an unacceptable amount of condensation moisture in the external enclosing structures by sufficient sealing of the structures or ventilation of closed spaces and air gaps. The necessary protective compositions and coatings must be applied in accordance with the requirements of current regulatory documents.

10.5 Butt joints of prefabricated elements and layered structures should be designed to withstand temperature and humidity deformations and forces arising from uneven subsidence of the bases and other operational influences. The sealing and sealing materials used in the joints must retain their elastic and adhesive properties when exposed to negative temperatures and moisture, and also be resistant to ultraviolet rays. Sealing materials must be compatible with the materials of protective and protective-decorative coatings of structures at their interface.

10.6 It should be possible to access the equipment, fittings and devices of the engineering systems of the building and their connections for inspection, maintenance, repair and replacement.

The equipment and pipelines must be fixed on the building structures of the building in such a way that their performance is not disturbed by possible movements of the structures.

10.7 When constructing buildings in areas with complex geological conditions, subject to seismic impacts, undermining, subsidence and other ground movements, including frost heaving, the input of engineering communications should be carried out taking into account the need to compensate for possible deformations of the base in accordance with the requirements established in the regulatory documents for various engineering networks.

11 ENERGY SAVING

11.1 The building must be designed and erected in such a way that, if the established requirements for the internal microclimate of the premises and other living conditions are met, the efficient and economical use of energy resources during its operation is ensured.

1) the reduced resistance to heat transfer and the air permeability of enclosing structures are not lower than those required by SNiP 23-02;

2) heating, ventilation, air conditioning and hot water systems have automatic or manual regulation;

3) the engineering systems of the building are equipped with metering devices for heat energy, cold and hot water, electricity and gas with a centralized supply.

11.5 In order to achieve optimal technical and economic characteristics of the building and further reduce the specific energy consumption for heating, it is recommended to provide:

The most compact space-planning solution of the building;

The orientation of the building and its premises in relation to the cardinal points, taking into account the prevailing directions of the cold wind and solar radiation fluxes;

The use of efficient engineering equipment of the corresponding range of products with increased efficiency;

Utilization of the heat of exhaust air and wastewater, the use of renewable energy sources (solar, wind, etc.).

11.6 In order to control the energy efficiency of the building according to the normative indicators, the project documentation should contain the section "Energy Efficiency". This section should contain the energy passport of the building in accordance with SNiP 23-02, information on the assignment of the energy efficiency class of the building, a conclusion on the compliance of the building project with the requirements of these standards and recommendations for improving energy efficiency if the project needs to be finalized.

SNiP 2.01.07-85* Loads and impacts

SNiP 2.02.01-83* Foundations of buildings and structures

SNiP 2.02.03-85 Pile foundations

SNiP 2.02.04-88 Bases and foundations on permafrost soils

SNiP 2.03.11-85 Corrosion protection of building structures

SNiP 2.04.01-85* Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings

SNiP 2.04.02-84* Water supply. Outdoor networks and facilities

SNiP 2.07.01-89* Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements

SNiP 2.08.02-89* Public buildings and structures

SNiP II-7-81* Construction in seismic areas

SNiP II-11-77* Protective structures of civil defense

SNiP 20-01-2003 Reliability of building structures and foundations. Key points

SNiP 21-01-97* Fire safety of buildings and structures

SNiP 21-02-99* Car parking

SNiP 23-02-2003 Thermal protection of buildings

SNiP 23-03-2003 Noise protection

SNiP 23-05-95* Natural and artificial lighting

SNiP 31-02-2001 Residential single-apartment houses

SNiP 35-01-2001 Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility

SNiP 41-01-2003 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

GOST 25772-83 Steel railings for stairs, balconies and roofs. General specifications

GOST 30494-96 Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters

GOST R 51631-2000 Passenger lifts. Technical requirements for accessibility for the disabled

PUE Rules for the installation of electrical installations

NPB 66-97 Autonomous fire detectors. General technical requirements. Test Methods

NPB 104-03 Warning and evacuation control systems in case of fires in buildings and structures

NPB 110-03 List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms

NPB 250-97 Elevators for transporting fire departments in buildings and structures. General technical requirements

PPB 01-03 Fire safety rules in the Russian Federation

RD 34.21.122-87 Instructions for the installation of lightning protection of buildings and structures

SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for residential buildings and premises

SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1076-01 Hygienic requirements for insolation and sun protection of residential and public buildings and territories

SanPiN 4690-88 Sanitary rules for the maintenance of populated areas

Instructions on accounting for the housing stock in the Russian Federation

APPENDIX B

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

	Definition
1 Building, plot
1.1 Residential building multi-apartment, including:	Residential building in which apartments have common non-apartment premises and engineering systems
1.1а Residential building of sectional type	A building consisting of one or more sections separated from each other by walls without openings, with apartments of one section having access to one staircase directly or through a corridor
1.1b Residential building of gallery type	A building in which all apartments on a floor have access through a common gallery to at least two staircases
1.1v Corridor-type residential building	A building in which all apartments of the floor have exits through a common corridor to at least two staircases
1.1g Blocked residential building	A building consisting of two or more apartments, each of which has direct access to the apartment plot Note - In this document - except for blocked residential buildings, consisting of autonomous residential blocks, designed according to SNiP 31-02
1.2 Residential area	Land adjacent to a residential building (apartment) with direct access to it
2 floors
2.1 Aboveground floor	Floor with the floor level of the premises not lower than the planning level of the ground
2.2 Underground floor	Floor with the floor level of the premises below the planning level of the ground for the entire height of the premises
2.3 First floor	Lower ground floor of the building
2.4 Ground floor	Floor with the floor level of the premises below the planning level of the ground to a height of not more than half the height of the premises
2.5 Basement floor	Floor with the floor level of the premises below the planning level of the ground by more than half the height of the premises or the first underground floor
2.6 Attic floor	Floor in the attic space, the facade of which is wholly or partially formed by the surface (surfaces) of a sloping, broken or curved roof
2.7 Technical floor	The floor for placing the engineering equipment of the building and laying communications can be located in the lower part of the building (technical underground), upper (technical attic) or between above-ground floors. Interfloor space with a height of 1.8 m or less, used only for laying communications, is not a floor
2.8 Land level	Ground level at the border of the land and the blind area of the building
3 Premises, platforms
3.1 Balcony	A fenced platform protruding from the plane of the facade wall. Can be glazed
3.2 Veranda	Glazed, unheated space attached to or built into a building with no depth limitation
3.3 Loggia	Built-in or attached, open to the outside space, fenced on three sides by walls (on two sides - at a corner location) a room with a depth limited by the requirements of natural light in the room, to the outer wall of which it adjoins. Can be glazed
3.4 Terrace	A fenced open area attached to a building or located on the roof of a lower floor. Can have a roof and an exit from the adjoining premises of the house
3.5 Lift lobby	The area in front of the elevators
3.6 Tambour	Passage space between doors, which serves to protect against the penetration of cold air, smoke and odors when entering a building, stairwell or other premises
3.7 Light pocket	A room with natural light adjacent to the corridor and serving to illuminate it. The role of a light pocket can be performed by a staircase separated from the corridor by a glazed door with a width of at least 1.2 m
3.8 Underground	According to SNiP 31-02
3.9 Underground ventilated	Open space under the building between the ground surface and the floor of the first above-ground floor
3.10 Attic	The space between the top floor slab, the building cover (roof) and the exterior walls above the top floor slab
3.11 Household pantry (out-of-house)	A room intended for storage by residents of a house outside the apartment of things, equipment, vegetables, etc., excluding explosive substances and materials, located on the first, basement or basement floors of a residential building
3.12 Parking	According to SNiP 31-02
3.13 Mezzanine	A platform in the volume of a double-height room, with an area of not more than 40% of the floor area of a double-height room or an internal platform of an apartment located within a floor with an increased height, having an area size of not more than 40% of the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in which it is being built
3.14 Public premises	In this document - premises intended for carrying out activities in them to serve the residents of the house, residents of the adjacent residential area, and others permitted for placement in residential buildings by the bodies of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision

APPENDIX B

RULES FOR DETERMINING THE AREA OF THE PREMISES, THE AREA OF THE BUILDING AND THE STORES OF THE BUILDING DURING DESIGN

The area occupied by a stove, including a stove with a fireplace, which are included in the heating system of the building, and are not decorative, is not included in the floor area.

AT 3 The area of public premises located in the volume of a residential building is calculated according to the rules established in SNiP 2.08.02.

The underground under the building, regardless of its height, as well as the interfloor space with a height of less than 1.8 m, are not included in the number of above-ground floors.

When determining the number of storeys of a building for calculating the number of elevators, the technical floor located above the top floor is not taken into account.

Notes

1 The area of an apartment and other technical indicators calculated for the purposes of statistical accounting and technical inventory are determined according to the rules established in the "Instructions on Conducting Accounting of the Housing Stock in the Russian Federation".

Notes

1 Elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 or 1000 kg must have a cabin dimensions of min 2100×1100 mm.

2 The table is compiled on the basis of: 18 m 2 of the total area of the apartment per person, floor height 2.8 m, interval of movement of elevators 81 - 100 s.

3 In residential buildings, in which the values of the values of the floor area of apartments, the height of the floor and the total area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment per one resident differ from those accepted in the table. The number, carrying capacity and speed of passenger elevators are established by calculation.

4 In residential buildings with multi-level apartments located on the upper floors, it is allowed to provide a stop for passenger elevators on one of the floors of the apartments. In this case, the number of storeys of the building for calculating the number of elevators is determined by the floor of the upper stop.

Keywords: multi-apartment residential buildings, number of storeys, passenger elevators, first, basement, basement, attic floors, fire safety

The system of regulatory documents in construction

BUILDING REGULATIONS
RUSSIAN FEDERATION

RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

SNiP 31-01-2003

STATE COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
FOR CONSTRUCTION AND HOUSING AND UTILITY COMPLEX
(GOSSTROY OF RUSSIA)

Moscow

2004

FOREWORD

INTRODUCED by the Department of technical regulation, standardization and certification in construction and housing and communal services of the Gosstroy of Russia

2 ADOPTED AND PUT INTO EFFECT on October 1, 2003 by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated June 23, 2003 No. 109

INTRODUCTION

In case of exclusion from the number of current regulatory documents to which there are references in these norms, one should be guided by the norms introduced to replace the excluded ones.

3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

In this document, terms are used, the definitions of which are given in the appendix, as well as other terms, the definitions of which are accepted according to the normative documents listed in the appendix.

4 GENERAL

In residential buildings of the federal and municipal housing stock, the share of apartments for families with disabled people using wheelchairs is established in the design assignment by local governments. Specific requirements for ensuring the life of the disabled and other people with limited mobility should be provided for, taking into account local conditions and the requirements of SNiP 35-01.

4.4 The project must be accompanied by instructions for the operation of apartments and public premises of the house.

The operating instructions for apartments and premises of the house should contain the data necessary for tenants (owners) of apartments and built-in public premises, as well as operating organizations to ensure safety during operation, including: information about the main structures and engineering systems, layouts of hidden elements and frame nodes, hidden wiring and engineering networks, as well as the limit values of loads on structural elements of the house and on its electrical network. These data can be presented in the form of copies of executive documentation. In addition, the instruction should include rules for the maintenance and maintenance of fire protection systems and an evacuation plan in case of fire.

4.8 Elevators should be provided in residential buildings with the floor level of the upper residential floor exceeding the floor level of the first floor by 11.2 m.

The minimum number of passenger elevators that residential buildings of various heights must be equipped with is given in the appendix.

4.9 The width of the platforms in front of the elevators should allow the use of the elevator to transport the patient on an ambulance stretcher and be at least, m:

1.5 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin width of 2100 mm;

2.1 - in front of elevators with a carrying capacity of 630 kg with a cabin depth of 2100 mm.

With a two-row arrangement of elevators, the width of the elevator hall must be at least, m:

1.8 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of less than 2100 mm;

2.5 - when installing elevators with a cabin depth of 2100 mm or more.

It is not allowed to post:

specialized fish shops; warehouses for any purpose, including wholesale (or small wholesale) trade;

all enterprises, as well as shops with a mode of operation after 23:00; consumer service establishments that use flammable substances (except for hairdressers and watch repair shops with a total area of up to 300 m2); baths and saunas (except for individual saunas in apartments);

2 The time of restriction of operation can be specified by local governments.

catering and leisure establishments with more than 50 seats, a total area of more than 250 m2 and with musical accompaniment;

laundries and dry cleaners (except for collection points and self-service laundries with a capacity of up to 75 kg per shift); automatic telephone exchanges with a total area of more than 100 m2; public restrooms; funeral homes; built-in and attached transformer substations;

industrial premises (except for premises of categories B and D for the work of disabled people and older people, including: points for issuing work at home, workshops for assembly and decorative work); dental laboratories, clinical diagnostic and bacteriological laboratories; dispensaries of all types; day hospitals of dispensaries and hospitals of private clinics: trauma centers, ambulance and emergency medical substations; dermatovenerological, psychiatric, infectious and phthisiatric rooms for medical appointments; departments (rooms) of magnetic resonance imaging;

x-ray rooms, as well as rooms with medical or diagnostic equipment and installations that are sources of ionizing radiation, veterinary clinics and offices.

Shops selling synthetic carpet products may be located attached to the blind sections of the walls of residential buildings with a fire resistance limit of REI 150.

It is allowed not to provide for the indicated loading rooms with an area of built-in public rooms up to 150 m2.

It is allowed to place office premises in superstructured attic floors in buildings not lower than the II degree of fire resistance and not more than 28 m high.

7 FIRE SAFETY

7.1 PREVENTION OF THE SPREAD OF FIRE

7.1.1 Fire safety of buildings should be ensured in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 21-01 for buildings of functional fire hazard F1.3 and the rules established in this document for specially stipulated cases, and during operation in accordance with PPB 01.

7.1.2 The permissible building height and floor area within the fire compartment are determined depending on the degree of fire resistance and the class of constructive fire hazard according to the table.

Table 7.1

		The highest allowable height of the building, m	The largest allowable floor area of the fire compartment, m2











	Not standardized
	Not standardized
Note - The degree of fire resistance of a building with unheated extensions should be taken according to the degree of fire resistance of the heated part of the building.

7.1.3 Buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance can be built on with one attic floor with load-bearing elements having a fire resistance rating of at least R 45 and fire hazard class K0, regardless of the height of the buildings specified in the table, but located no higher than 75 m. Enclosing structures of this floor must meet the requirements for the structures of the superstructure.

When using wooden structures, structural fire protection should be provided that ensures these requirements.

7.1.5 In buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance, only structural fire protection should be used to ensure the required fire resistance of the building's load-bearing elements.

7.1.6 The load-bearing elements of two-story buildings of the IV degree of fire resistance must have a fire resistance rating of at least R 30.

7.1.8 The fire hazard class and the fire resistance limit of interior, including cabinet, collapsible, with doorways and sliding partitions are not standardized.

7.1.10 Technical, basement, ground floors and attics should be divided by fireproof partitions of the 1st type into compartments with an area of not more than 500 m2 in non-sectional residential buildings, and in sectional ones - by sections.

7.1.11 Fences of loggias and balconies in buildings with a height of three floors or more must be made of non-combustible materials.

From non-combustible materials, it is also necessary to carry out external sun protection in buildings of I, II and III degrees of fire resistance with a height of 5 floors or more.

7.2 EVACUATION PROVISION

7.2.1 The greatest distances from the doors of the apartments to the staircase or exit to the outside should be taken from the table.

Table 7.2

Building constructive fire hazard class	The greatest distance from the apartment door to the exit, m
Building constructive fire hazard class	when located between stairwells or external entrances	at exits to a dead-end corridor or gallery






Not standardized

In a section of a residential building at the exit from apartments into a corridor (hall) that does not have a window opening with an area of at least 1.2 m2 at the end, the distance from the door of the most remote apartment to the exit directly to the stairwell or exit to the vestibule leading to the smoke-free air zone staircase, should not exceed 12 m, if there is a window opening or smoke exhaust in the corridor (hall), this distance can be taken according to the table as for a dead-end corridor.

7.2.3 It is allowed to provide glazed doors in stairwells and elevator lobbies, while in buildings with a height of four floors or more - with reinforced glass.

7.2.4 The number of evacuation exits from the floor and the type of staircases should be taken according to SNiP 21-01.

7.2.6 In residential buildings of the corridor (gallery) type, with a total area of apartments per floor up to 500 m2, it is allowed to provide access to one stairwell of type H1 with a building height of more than 28 m or type L1 with a building height of less than 28 m, provided that at the ends of the corridors (gallery ) provides exits to external stairs of the 3rd type, leading to the level of the floor of the second floor. When placing these staircases at the end of the building, it is allowed to install one staircase of the 3rd type in the opposite end of the corridor (gallery).

7.2.8 With a total area of apartments on the floor, and for buildings of a sectional type - on the floor of a section, more than 500 m2, evacuation must be carried out at least two staircases (normal or smoke-free).

In residential buildings with a total area of apartments on the section floor (the floor of a corridor, gallery house) from 500 to 550 m2, one emergency exit from the apartments is allowed:

if the height of the upper floor is not more than 28 m - into an ordinary staircase, provided that the front rooms in the apartments are equipped with addressable fire alarm sensors;

7.2.10 Passage to the outer air zone of the H1 type staircase is allowed through the elevator hall, while the arrangement of elevator shafts and doors in them must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of 7.22 SNiP 21-01.

7.2.11 In buildings up to 50 m high with a total area of apartments on the section floor up to 500 m2, it is allowed to provide an evacuation exit to a stairwell of type H2 or H3 when one of the elevators is installed in the building, which ensures the transportation of fire departments and meets the requirements of NPB 250. At the same time, access to the H2 stairwell should be provided through the vestibule (or elevator hall), and the doors of the stairwell, elevator shafts, tambour-locks and tambours must be type 2 fireproof.

Exits from technical floors should be provided in accordance with 6.21 SNiP 21-01.

Exits from technical floors located in the middle or upper part of the building are allowed through common staircases, and in buildings with H1 staircases - through the air zone.

7.2.14 When arranging emergency exits from the attic floors to the roof in accordance with 6.20 * SNiP 21-01, it is necessary to provide platforms and walkways with a fence in accordance with GOST 25772 leading to type 3 stairs and P2 stairs.

7.3.3 Protection of buildings by automatic fire alarms should be provided in accordance with NPB 110. If there is an automatic fire alarm in the building, smoke fire detectors should be installed in the concierge's room, in non-apartment corridors and garbage collection chambers.

Thermal fire detectors installed in the hallways of apartments in buildings with a height of more than 28 m must have a response temperature of not more than 52 ° C.

7.3.4 The fire warning system must be carried out in accordance with NPB 104.

7.3.5 Intra-house and intra-apartment electrical networks must be equipped with residual current devices (RCD) in accordance with the PUE.

7.3.6 In the kitchens of residential buildings with a height of 11 floors or more, it is not allowed to install gas-fired cookers.

The room for heat generators is not allowed to be placed in the basement. It must have a window with a glazing area at the rate of 0.03 m2 per 1 m3 of the volume of the room, with a window or other special device for ventilation located in the upper part of the window. The volume of the room is determined based on the conditions for the convenience of operation of heat generators and the production of installation work and be at least 15 m3.

The height of the room must be at least 2.2 m. The dimensions of the room must ensure the arrangement of passages with a width of at least 0.7 m.

Heat generators should be installed:

At walls or on walls made of non-combustible (NG) and slow-burning (G1) materials;

7.3.10 Heat generators, including solid fuel stoves and fireplaces, hobs and chimneys must be made with the implementation of structural measures in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 41-01. Prefabricated heat generators and hobs must also be installed taking into account the safety requirements contained in the manufacturer's instructions.

In the distribution (introductory) electrical panels of these buildings, the installation of self-actuating fire extinguishers should be provided.

7.4 FIRE FIGHTING AND RESCUE PROVISION

It is allowed not to arrange through passages through the stairwells when installing water supply networks with the installation of fire hydrants on them from two opposite sides of the building.

7.4.3 In the transverse walls of basements and technical undergrounds of large-panel buildings, openings 1.6 m high are allowed. In this case, the height of the threshold should not exceed 0.3 m.

7.4.4 Fire water supply must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 2.04.01 and SNiP 2.04.02.

7.4.6 In residential buildings with a height of more than 50 m, one of the elevators must ensure the transportation of fire departments and comply with the requirements of NPB 250.

8 SAFETY IN USE

The minimum width and maximum slope of flights of stairs should be taken according to the table.

Table 8.1

	Minimum width, m	Max slope
Flights of stairs leading to the residential floors of buildings:
sectional:
two-storey
three stories or more
corridor
Flights of stairs leading to the basement and basement floors, as well as internal staircases
Note - The width of the march should be determined by the distance between the fences or between the wall and the fence.