Test on the topic: “Central Economic Region”. 9th grade
Part 1.
1. The number of subjects of the Federation in the Central Economic Region: 2. Which region of the Central Economic District goes to the state border of the Russian Federation with Belarus?
Kaluga
Orlovskaya
Smolenskaya.
Valdai Upland
Stavropol Upland
upland General Syrt.
monsoon
temperate continental
continental
chestnut
forest gray
podzolic
Klyazma
Svir
Vychegda
apatite
table salts
phosphorites
9. What fuel minerals are mined on the territory of the Center for Economic Development?
stone corner
brown coal
natural gas
Tverskaya
Kursk
Beloyarskaya.
Moscow
Ryazan
Yaroslavskaya.
Ivanovskaya
Moscow
Ryazan
Orlovskaya.
Vladimirskaya
Ivanovskaya
Penza
Bryansk
63 people/km 2
43 people/km 2
23 people/km 2
13 people/km 2
Yaroslavl
Bryansk
Smolensk
Kaluga
Orlovskaya
Bryansk
Ryazan
Kostromskaya
Lesnaya
Lightweight
Aluminum
fuel
1. Determine the share of arable land (%) in the structure of agricultural land of the Center for Economic Development, if the area of arable land is 13.1 million hectares, and the area of agricultural land is 18.5 million hectares. Write the answer in numbers.
2. Which regional center is located on the Oka River?
Bryansk
Ivanovo
Ryazan.
3. Establish a correspondence between production and the center of its location.
4. Arrange the CER areas in order of decreasing forest cover.
Orlovskaya
Kostromskaya
Moscow
5. Establish a correspondence between the mineral resource and the subject of the Federation where it is mined.
6. Establish a correspondence between production and the center of its location.
Part 3.
1.What sector of the economy are we talking about?
This industry belongs to the manufacturing sector, is part of the agro-industrial complex, and is best represented in Russia on the territory of the Central Economic District. Developed in the Central Economic Region in the east, north and central part. It works on imported raw materials, is most often located according to the labor factor, and is one of the main branches of specialization.
2.Determine the subject of the Russian Federation as part of the CER by description.
The territory of this subject is dominated by hilly-moraine terrain, many rivers and lakes belonging to the basin of the joint-stock company. Presenters industrial complexes: chemical forestry and engineering, and the leading agricultural sectors are dairy and meat animal husbandry and flax farming. There are nuclear power plants, hydroelectric power plants and thermal power plants, and in the regional center there is a large carriage building plant.
3. It is known that the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge and the Smolensk-Moscow upland are low and elongated in the west-east direction. Under a layer of sedimentary rocks, you can find huge granite boulders and other rocks of igneous origin. Where did these rocks come from on the plain, and why do the ridges and hills have the indicated direction?
4. How can we explain the fact that the development of the Moscow Region lignite basin is suspended, the mines are closed, and the coal for the needs of the Center for Economic Development comes from other coal basins in Russia? Please provide at least two reasons.
5. The city of Yaroslavl is the largest producer of synthetic rubber and tires not only for CER, but also for the entire European part of Russia. What does this specialization involve? Give at least two reasons.
References:
Kurasheva E.M. Express course for preparing for the State Examination in Geography.
Screening test on the topic “Central Economic Region (CER)”
Part A
A1. Number of subjects of the Federation in the CER:
1)10 2)13 3)11
A2. Which region of the Central Economic District borders the state border of the Russian Federation with Belarus?
1) Kaluga 2) Oryol 3) Smolensk
A3. The population of the Central Economic Region is... million people:
1)30 2)40 3)50
A4. The following landform is located on the territory of the CER:
1) Valdai Upland 2) Stavropol Upland 3) hill General Syrt
A5. The climate type on the territory of the Central Economic District is as follows:
1) monsoon 2) temperate continental 3) continental
A6. What chemical raw materials are mined on the territory of the Center for Economic Development?
1) apatites 2) table salts 3) phosphorites
A7. What fuel minerals are mined on the territory of the Center for Economic Development?
1) coal 2) brown coal 3) natural gas
A8.The following nuclear power plant belongs to the CER:
1) Tverskaya 2) Kursk 3) Beloyarsk
A9. ForWhich region has the highest population density?
1) Moscow 2) Ryazan 3) Yaroslavl
A10. INWhich of the following areas has factories for the production of potato harvesters?
1) Ivanovo 2) Moscow 3) Ryazan
A11. Which area is not included in the CER?
1) Vladimirskaya2) Ivanovskaya3) Penza4) Bryansk
A12. The average population density of the Central Economic Region is approximately:
1) 63 person/km 2 2) 43 person/km 2 3) 23 person/km 2 4) 13 person/km 2
A13. Which of the following cities has an oil refinery?
1) Yaroslavl2) Bryansk3) Smolensk4) Kaluga
A14. The branch of specialization of the industry of the Central Economic Region is:
1) forest industry2) light industry3) aluminum industry
4) fuel industry
Part B
Q1 Determine the share of arable land (%) in the structure of agricultural land in the Central Economic Development District, if the area of arable land is 13.1 million hectares, and the area of agricultural land is 18.5 million. ha. Write the answer in numbers.
AT 2. Establish a correspondence between the mineral resource and the subject of the Federation where it is mined
Mineral resource Subject of the Federation
1) phosphorites A) Tver region
2) brown coal B) Bryansk region
3) peat B) Tula region
D) Smolensk region
AT 3. Establish a correspondence between production and the center of its location.
Production Accommodation center
1) flax harvestingcombinesA) Vladimir
2) tractorsB) Moscow
3) copperB) Bezhetsk
D) Ivanovo
Part C
When answering the tasks in this part, first write down the task number, then not only the answer to the question posed, but also the entire course of your reasoning
C1. What industry are we talking about?
This industry belongs to the manufacturing sector, is part of the agro-industrial complex, and is best represented in Russia on the territory of the Center for Economic Development. Developed in the Central Economic Region in the east, north and central part. It works on imported raw materials, is most often located according to the labor factor, and is one of the main branches of specialization.
C2. The city of Yaroslavl is the largest producer of synthetic rubber and tires not only for the Center for Economic Development, but also for the entire European part of Russia. What is the reason for this specialization of the city? Give at least three reasons.
Compared to other regions of Russia, I believe that the Center is relatively poor in natural, especially mineral, resources. The available resources of fuel, iron ores, and some non-metallic minerals, as a rule, occupy a very modest place both quantitatively and qualitatively. This position of the Center stands out especially in connection with industrial development of this area, highlighting the discrepancy between its limited natural resources and powerful economic potential.
The Center's fuel resources are represented by reserves of coal and peat located near Moscow; This is a low quality and relatively expensive fuel. Coal was discovered in a wide belt called the Moscow Basin. The explored reserves of this basin amount to about 4 billion tons. The Tula and Kaluga regions have the largest resources. This coal is characterized by high ash content, moisture content and granularity. Due to the wide distribution of swamps, peat is found almost everywhere in the northern half of the Center. The largest peat deposits are located within the Meshcherskaya and Upper Volga lowlands. The low calorie content and high humidity of peat make it more preferable to use it near mining sites.
In my opinion, the non-metallic minerals of the Center are of great importance - limestones, refractory and brick clays, construction sands, glass sands, gravel. The region has a huge need for these minerals, and their deposits are used especially intensively near Moscow.
In terms of reserves and production of gypsum for the production of binding materials, CER has no equal. Most of the reserves and all production are concentrated in Tula region.
Of the ore minerals in the region, there are small reserves of iron ore (Tula, Oryol and partly Moscow regions).
The development of iron ores is carried out in the Tula region. The ores are represented by brown iron ores with an iron content of 39 - 46%. They lie close to the surfaces and are mined open method. Ore is supplied to metallurgical plants in the Tula region (Novotulsky and Kosogorsky). CER has reserves of chemical raw materials, mainly phosphorites - the Yegoryevskoye deposit in the Moscow region, and the Polpinskoye deposit in the Bryansk region.
They are used for the production of phosphate flour and complex mineral fertilizers.
A variety of building materials (limestones, marls, cement raw materials) are widespread in the Bryansk, Moscow and Tula regions. Quartz sands from the Dyatkovo deposit (Bryansk region) and deposits in the Gus-Khrustalny district (Vladimir region) are used for the production of glass and crystal. Kaolin clay deposits near Konakovo (Tver region) and the village. Gzhel (Moscow region) are used in the porcelain and earthenware industry. Geologically, the area has not been sufficiently studied. The surveys indicate the presence of oil reserves in the area (Yaroslavl region) and kimberlite pipes (Tula and Oryol regions).
The area has recreational resources, which is especially valuable due to the large population of the area. Diverse natural landscapes, nature reserves and parks, numerous historical, cultural and architectural monuments serve as the basis for the development of tourism, including foreign tourism.
Option 1
1. Indicate the largest economic region in Russia by area.
A) Central
B) Ural
B) West Siberian
D) Far Eastern
2. Which economic region is landlocked?
A) Central Black Earth
B) Northwestern
B) North Caucasian
D) Povolzhsky
3. Which subject of the Russian Federation is not part of the Northern Region?
A) Murmansk region
B) Perm region
B) Vologda region
D) Karelia
4. Which republic is not part of the North Caucasus region?
A) Dagestan
B) North Ossetia
B) Adygea
D) Kalmykia
5. Indicate the region, which includes seven republics, two territories and one region.
A) Povolzhsky
B) West Siberian
B) East Siberian
D) North Caucasian
6. Indicate the area that includes the area bordering three countries.
A) Central
B) Northwestern
B) Central Black Earth
D) Volgo-Vyatka
A) Kostroma
B) Tula
B) Bryansk
D) Kursk
8. Indicate a feature of the EGP of the Central region.
A) has a metropolitan location
B) has a coastal location
B) has a peripheral position
D) has a poorly developed transport network
9. Which object has important to leave Moscow for the Volga?
A) Volga-Don Canal
B) Volga-Baltic route
B) channel named after. Moscow
D) Rybinsk Reservoir
10. Indicate the cities of the “Golden Ring” of Russia.
A) Sergiev Posad, Suzdal, Vladimir
B) Dmitrov, Klin, Obninsk
B) Vladimir, Bryansk, Kostroma
D) Ryazan, Tver, Dubna
11. Indicate the city in the Central region where locomotives are produced.
A) Moscow
B) Kolomna
B) Ivanovo
D) Suzdal
12. Indicate the city in the Central region where buses are produced.
A) Moscow
B) Likino-Dulevo
B) Ryazan
A) Lipetsk region
B) Voronezh region
B) Pskov region
D) Belgorod region
14. Which natural zones occupy most of the territory of the Central Black Earth region?
A) tundra, taiga
B) taiga, mixed forest
B) steppe, forest-steppe
D) semi-desert, dry steppe
15. Indicate the mineral that is mined in the Central Black Earth region.
B) iron ore
D) copper ore
16. Which Russian scientist explored the main natural resource of the Central Black Earth region?
A) V. Obruchev
B) V. Dokuchaev
B) M. Lomonosov
D) S. Obruchev
17. Indicate the industries of specialization of the Central Black Earth region.
A) agribusiness, ferrous metallurgy
B) agro-industrial complex, non-ferrous metallurgy
B) agro-industrial complex, mechanical engineering
D) agro-industrial complex, fuel industry
18. Which power plant is located in the Central Black Earth region?
A) Obninsk
B) Smolenskaya
B) Kursk
D) Rostov
19. Indicate the largest city in the Central Black Earth region.
A) Lipetsk
B) Tambov
B) Voronezh
D) Belgorod
20. Which subject of the Russian Federation is not part of the economic region?
Option 2
1. Indicate the smallest economic region in Russia by area.
A) Northern
B) Northwestern
B) Central Black Earth
D) Volgo-Vyatka
2. Indicate the area with the largest population.
A) Central Black Earth
B) Far Eastern
B) Volgo-Vyatka
D) Central
3. Which subject of the Russian Federation is not part of the Volga region?
A) Tatarstan
B) Bashkortostan
B) Kalmykia
D) Ulyanovsk region
4. Which region does not have republics?
A) Northern
B) North Caucasian
B) Povolzhsky
D) Central Black Earth
5. Which district consists of three regions?
A) Northwestern
B) Northern
B) Ural
D) Volgo-Vyatka
6. Which area does not have a state border?
A) Northern
B) Povolzhsky
B) Ural
D) Volgo-Vyatka
7. Which region is not part of the Central District?
A) Yaroslavl
B) Tverskaya
B) Novgorod
D) Vladimirskaya
8. State the incorrect statement.
A) The Central District borders the Volga-Vyatka District.
B) The central region has a metropolitan position.
C) The central region is remote from state borders.
D) The central region has access to five seas.
9. What mineral resources has a Central district?
A) iron ores, coal
B) peat, phosphorites
B) oil, gas
D) brown coals, copper ores
10. Which cities in the Central region are considered technopolises?
A) Obninsk, Dubna, Zhukovsky
B) Ples, Smolensk, Ryazan
B) Murom, Rostov, Vyazma
D) Tver, Ivanovo, Lyubertsy
11. Indicate the industries of specialization of the Central region.
A) fuel, electric power
B) textile, chemical, mechanical engineering
B) chemical, petroleum
D) metallurgy, chemical, textile
12. Indicate the center of the textile industry of the Central region.
A) Ivanovo
B) Korolev
B) Fryazino
D) Kaluga
13. Which subject is not part of the Central Black Earth region?
A) Tambov region
B) Lipetsk region
B) Belgorod region
D) Smolensk region
14. What Natural resources play an important role in the development of the economy of the Central Black Earth region?
A) aquatic
B) mineral
B) recreational
D) fuel
15. Indicate the iron ore deposit located in the Central Black Earth region.
A) Romashkinskoe
B) Mikhailovskoe
D) Vuktyl
16. What type of power plants plays an important role in the economy of the Central Black Earth region?
17. Indicate the centers of metallurgy in the Central Black Earth region.
A) Belgorod, Kursk
B) Kursk, Lipetsk
B) Lipetsk, Stary Oskol
D) Voronezh, Stary Oskol
18. Indicate the main products Agriculture Central Chernozem region.
A) sugar beets, sunflower oil
B) sugar beets, sunflowers, wheat
B) wheat, rye, oats
D) apples, wheat
19. Which nuclear power plant operates in the Central Black Earth region?
A) Beloyarskaya
B) Balakovskaya
B) Novovoronezhskaya
D) Lipetsk
20. How many districts is the territory of Russia divided into?
21. In which city of the Central region is the center for the production of small arms located?
22. In which city of the Central Black Earth region is there an electrometallurgical plant with non-furnace steel smelting?
Option 3
A1. Number of subjects of the Federation in the CER:
A2. What letter on a fragment of a map of Russia indicates the Tver region?
A3. Which region of the Center of Economic Development is connected to the state
border of the Russian Federation with Belarus?
Kaluzhskaya
Orlovskaya
Smolenskaya
A4. Population of the Central Economic Region according to the 2002 census.
is... million people:
A5. The following landform is located on the territory of the CER:
Valdai Upland
Stavropol Upland
hill General Syrt
A6. The climate type on the territory of the Central Economic District is as follows:
monsoon
temperate continental
continental
A7. What river flows through the territory of the CER?
A8. What chemical raw materials are mined on the territory of the Center for Economic Development?
table salts
phosphorites
A9. What fuel minerals are mined in the CER territory?
coal
brown coal
natural gas
A10. What letter on the map of Russia indicates the city?
Kostroma?
A11. The following nuclear power plant belongs to the CER:
Tverskaya
Beloyarskaya
A12. Which area is characterized by the highest density?
population?
Moscow
Ryazan
Yaroslavskaya
A13. Which area is not included in the CER?
Vladimirskaya
Ivanovskaya
Penza
Bryansk
A14. The branch of specialization of the industry of the Central Economic Region is:
forest industry
light industry
aluminum industry
fuel industry
A15. Which regional center is located on the Oka River?
A16. Establish a correspondence between the area and the letter with which it is indicated on the map fragment.
AREA LETTER
Smolenskaya A) A
Ivanovskaya B) B
Tula B) B
A17. Establish a correspondence between production and
the center of its location.
PRODUCTION ACCOMMODATION CENTER
ferrous metallurgy A) Tver
production of synthetic fibers B) Tula
oil refining B) Yaroslavl
D) Vladimir
A18. Match the mineral resource
and the subject of the Federation where it is mined.
MINERAL RESOURCE SUBJECT OF THE FEDERATION
phosphorites A) Tver region
brown coal B) Bryansk region
peat B) Tula region
D) Smolensk region
A19. What sector of the economy are we talking about?
This industry belongs to the manufacturing sector, is part of the agro-industrial complex, and is best represented in Russia on the territory of the Center for Economic Development. Developed in the Central economic region in the east, north and central part. It works on imported raw materials, is most often located according to the labor factor, and is one of the main branches of specialization.
A20. What sector of the economy are we talking about?
The city of Yaroslavl is the largest producer of synthetic rubber and tires not only for CER, but also for the entire European part of Russia. What is the reason for this specialization of the city? Give at least three reasons.
21. How do handicrafts differ from latrines?
22. What are the measures aimed at restoring the soil called?
ANSWERS
|
OPTION 1 |
OPTION 2 |
OPTION 3 |
|||
|
Light industry (cotton) |
|||||
|
Kaliningrad region |
For 11 districts |
||||
|
Handicraft is the handicraft activity of peasants (usually women). Waste fishing - the departure of men to big cities to earn money |
An oil pipeline passes through Yaroslavl, and there is an oil refinery in the city. The intersection of transport routes and proximity to large automobile factories in the European part of Russia are prerequisites for the construction of a synthetic rubber plant and a tire production plant here. |
||||
|
Reclamation |
In Stary Oskol |
The economy of the Central Economic Region is a powerful diversified complex in which industry predominates. Its foundations were laid at the end of the 17th - first quarter of the 18th century. First of all, we are talking about metallurgy and the textile industry. At first, urban craft workshops and numerous rural artisans appeared in the area, who were engaged in home weaving, metalworking, leather and shoe making, and iron work. CER became the first industrial region of the country.
IN Soviet period In the Central Economic Region, the volume of industrial production increased significantly and its structure changed. The largest share was occupied by large heavy industry, predominantly manufacturing, non-material-intensive, with deep specialization and close cooperation in the manufacture of the final product. Instead of the textile industry, the mechanical engineering and metalworking industries took first place in importance. The chemical industry has developed greatly, although textile production and the production of various consumer goods have retained their important role.
Mechanical engineering and metalworking rank first in Russia in terms of marketable products and the number of people employed in production. A wide range of products are produced, often of high quality, which are in demand in the markets of the Central Economic District, other regions of Russia and abroad. With qualified labor force, advanced science and high technology, development and experimental base, mechanical engineering of the Center is primarily focused on the production of complex and precise products that do not require large expenditures of scarce raw materials, fuel and electricity. In this regard, the most important specialized industries are radio engineering, electronics, electrical engineering, instrument making, production of automation and control equipment, etc. Among the main centers of these industries are: Moscow and the cities of the Moscow region, Yaroslavl, Tula, Vladimir, Orel, Ryazan, Smolensk and Kaluga.
The machine tool and tool industry has developed greatly, mainly in Moscow and the Moscow region (Kolomna, Yegoryevsk, Dmitrov), in Ryazan and Sasovo, in Ivanovo and the city of Sukhinichi in the Kaluga region.
In the industry of the region, the production of various transport vehicles: cars, diesel locomotives, wagons, river boats etc. A major center of mechanical engineering is Moscow, where AvtoZIL JSC is located, specializing in the production of medium-tonnage trucks and low-volume series passenger cars top class. Branches of the plant are located in Ryazan, Smolensk region (iron foundry in Yartsevo), Yaroslavl, Oryol region (Mtsensk aluminum casting plant) and other centers.
Chemical industry
This industry is the second most important industry in the region's market specialization. It is focused on the high production potential of the Central Economic District, scientific base and qualified personnel, on consumers within the region and partly on local raw materials (rock salt, phosphorites, brown coal). Over the past decades, organic chemistry and the production of nitrogen fertilizers have been reoriented from coal near Moscow to oil and gas supplied to the area through pipelines and in tanks from other areas ( Western Siberia, North, Volga region, etc.). True, these raw materials have become too expensive today.
In terms of development of the chemical industry, CER is a leader among other regions. 10% of the Russian Federation's mineral fertilizers are produced here. Phosphorus fertilizers are produced in Voskresensk using imported apatite concentrates. The extraction of phosphorites and their processing into flour are located in the Moscow and Bryansk regions. The main centers for the production of nitrogen and complex fertilizers are Novomoskovsk and Shchekino, and in the Smolensk region - Dorogobuzh.
A large oil refining and petrochemical industry has developed in the CER (Moscow, Yaroslavl, Ryazan). On this basis, as well as on imported secondary hydrocarbon raw materials, organic chemistry is developing. The production of synthetic resins and plastics is located in the Moscow and Tula regions, and plastic products - in Moscow, Orekhovo-Zuevo and Safonovo (Smolensk region). The region occupies a leading place in Russia in the production of chemical fibers (Klin. Serpukhov, Ryazan, Tver, Shchekino, Shuya, Mytishchi).
Promising development The region's chemical industry is hampered by a shortage of raw materials, water, energy and a difficult environmental situation. Chemistry must acquire clean technologies and focus primarily on the domestic market. It is also advisable to strengthen production and economic ties with local enterprises.
Light industry
The region accounts for one third of the production of this industry in the Russian Federation. The development of light industry here is determined historically. There is a large research and production base, personnel and great consumer demand, extensive transport and economic connections. The oldest and largest branch of light industry is textile. The region produces almost 83% of cotton, 78% of linen, more than 58% of wool, and 43% of silk fabrics in Russia. Almost the entire textile industry relies on imported raw materials. In addition, chemical fibers produced by local factories are used on a large scale. In the textile industry, intra-industry cooperation is developing within a single technological cycle. There are also significant inter-industry connections, for example, with mechanical engineering, the chemical industry, and agriculture of the region. Currently, due to economic difficulties, a crisis of non-payments, a shortage of raw materials, and mostly outdated technology and equipment, fabric production is sharply reduced. But at enterprises that produce high-quality products, their exports are noticeably increasing, including to Western European countries.
The printing industry is also developing in CER. The printing industry is represented by such large printing plants as “Pravda”, “Izvestia” in Moscow, as well as in Chekhov, Moscow region, in Tver, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, food industry building materials and the construction, pulp and paper and wood processing industries.
Electric power industry
The highly developed electric power industry plays a basic role in the economy of the region. The fuel industry is of some importance. CER 0 is one of the largest producers of electricity and heat in the Russian Federation. In the capital region there are powerful thermal power plants that use natural gas and fuel oil, and sometimes coal, as fuel. Kashirskaya and Shaturskaya GRES used to use local peat, but now they run on natural gas. Novomoskovskaya, Cherepetskaya, Shchekinskaya state district power plants in the Tula region operate on coal from the Moscow basin. The role of hydroelectric power plants in the electrical balance of the region is small. The Zagorsk Pumped Storage Station (PSPP – Sergiev Posad) was recently put into operation to relieve peak loads in the energy system. All power plants are united into the Central Energy System, which is the main connecting link of the Unified Energy System (UES) of Russia, as well as the CIS countries. The UES of the Russian Federation was supposed to enter Western Europe through the Smolensk NPP, Belarus and Poland. The possibilities for a significant increase in the scale of electricity production in the Central Energy District are limited not so much because of the shortage of energy resources, but because of environmentally hazardous equipment and technology, especially nuclear power plants,
Agro-industrial complex
The agro-industrial complex in the Central Economic Region is developing quite intensively. About half of the agricultural products of the Non-Chernozem Zone of the Russian Federation are produced here. Its importance is increasing in the all-Russian harvests of rye, wheat, cereal crops, sugar beets, vegetables and fruits, as well as in the production of dairy and meat and dairy livestock products. There are several zones of agricultural specialization:
* northwestern flax and livestock farming with significant milk processing (Smolensk, Tver, Kostroma regions)
* zone of commercial vegetable growing (Yaroslavl region)
* central zone - specialized in the production of vegetables, potatoes, milk, beef, pork, poultry (suburban farming is developed - Moscow region, part of Ivanovo and Vladimir regions)
* the southern zone is the main grain base of the region, including the cultivation of wheat, rye, barley, buckwheat, legumes and other crops. Of the industrial crops, sugar beets and potatoes are cultivated and processed locally in Oryol and other regions.
Transport complex
CER is distinguished by a particularly developed transport complex. The district ranks first in terms of railway network density and significantly exceeds the Russian average. The region is the leader in the Russian Federation in terms of length highways with hard surface. Transport balance passive The largest transport center is Moscow, which is a hub of 11 railway lines, 15 highways, numerous air routes and pipelines, important area Single waterway of the European part of the Russian Federation.
In the context of the transition to the market, changes will occur in the specialization of the Center for Energy Resources due to rising energy prices, a reduction in imports of materials for the light and chemical industries, and a decrease in defense orders.