April 20, 2019 , Higher, postgraduate and continuing education On budgetary appropriations for the completion of construction and reconstruction of dormitories of the Moscow State Technical University. N.E. Bauman Decree of April 16, 2019 No. 455. To complete the construction of the dormitory complex in 2019-2020, budget allocations in the amount of 1,085.3 million rubles are allocated. This will create an additional 1,350 places in hostels for students.
April 19, 2019 , State statistics Updated the Federal Plan of Statistical Works Order dated April 10, 2019 No. 680-r. The purpose of the decisions taken is to optimize the composition of the statistical work performed by Rosstat and other subjects of official statistical accounting, improve the quality of meeting information needs in official statistical information, and reduce the reporting burden on respondents.
April 18, 2019 , Protective measures in foreign trade On protective measures in trade and economic relations with Ukraine Decree of April 18, 2019 No. 460-25. Decree of the Government of December 29, 2018 No. 1716-83 introduced a ban on the import into Russia of goods whose country of origin is Ukraine or moved through the territory of Ukraine, and a list of such goods was approved.
April 16, 2019 , National project "Demography" On budget allocations to support families with the birth of children in the Far East Orders dated April 13, 2019 No. 743-r, No. 744-r. In order to implement federal project"Financial support for families at the birth of children" national project"Demography" in the subjects of the Federation included in the Far East federal district, from reserve fund The government allocates 3,146.26 million rubles for lump sum payment at the birth of the first child, provision of regional maternity capital at the birth of a second child, monthly payments at the birth of the third and subsequent children.
April 16, 2019 , Budgets of the subjects of the Federation. Interbudgetary relations On the provision of subsidies to the Trans-Baikal Territory for payment wages public sector employees Order dated April 11, 2019 No. 698-r. The Trans-Baikal Territory receives funds to ensure the payment of wages to public sector employees.
April 16, 2019 , Selected issues of national defense On the indexation in 2019 of certain payments to military personnel and employees of law enforcement agencies Decree of April 12, 2019 No. 435. The decision on indexation from January 1, 2019 of the amount of insurance amounts was approved, lump sums and monthly payments certain categories military personnel and persons equated to them by 4.3%.
April 16, 2019 , Regulation of insurance activities On the procedure for compensation for damages lost as a result of emergency housing using a mechanism voluntary insurance Decree of April 12, 2019 No. 433. The minimum volume of obligations of the insurer for the risk of loss of housing as a result of an emergency has been established and the calculation rules have been approved maximum size damage to be compensated under residential damage compensation programs using the voluntary insurance mechanism.
April 16, 2019 , Rail transport The authorized capital of OAO Rossiyskiye railways» Decree of April 12, 2019 No. 718-r, Decree of April 12, 2019 No. 438. Authorized capital Russian Railways JSC was increased by 7.02 billion rubles in order to increase the level of economic connectivity of the territory of Russia, create the basis for the development of high-speed and high-speed railway communication between major cities. Relevant financial resources provided for in the federal budget.
April 15, 2019 , Public finance management tools List formation procedure approved tax expenses and their scores Decree of April 12, 2019 No. 439. It was established that an assessment of the feasibility and effectiveness of tax expenditures will be carried out.
April 15, 2019 , Organization of the health system. Health insurance On changes in the Program of State Guarantees of Free Provision to Citizens medical care for 2019 and for the planning period of 2020 and 2021 Decree of April 12, 2019 No. 440. The Program of State Guarantees of Free Medical Care for Citizens for 2019 and for the planned period of 2020 and 2021 has been amended to increase the availability of palliative care, as well as to specify guarantees for citizens undergoing preventive medical examinations, including as part of medical examinations.
April 15, 2019 , Monotowns A territory of advanced social economic development"White Holunitsa" in the Kirov region Decree of April 12, 2019 No. 432. The creation of the Belaya Kholunitsa ASEZ will contribute to the diversification of the city's economy, reduce dependence on the city-forming enterprise, increase investment attractiveness cities, creating new jobs, attracting investment.
April 15, 2019 , Monotowns A territory of advanced socio-economic development "Borovichi" was created in the Novgorod region Decree of April 12, 2019 No. 431. The creation of the Borovichi ASEZ will help diversify the city's economy, reduce dependence on the city-forming enterprise, increase the investment attractiveness of the city, create new jobs, and attract investment.
April 15, 2019 , Monotowns A territory of advanced socio-economic development "Aleksin" was created in Tula region Decree of April 12, 2019 No. 430. The creation of the Aleksin ASEZ will help diversify the city's economy, reduce dependence on the city-forming enterprise, increase the investment attractiveness of the city, create new jobs, and attract investment.
April 15, 2019 , Monotowns The territory of advanced socio-economic development "Gorny" was created in Novosibirsk region Decree of April 12, 2019 No. 429. The creation of the Gorny ASEZ will help diversify the city's economy, reduce dependence on the city-forming enterprise, increase the investment attractiveness of the city, create new jobs, and attract investment.
April 15, 2019 , Monotowns A territory of priority social and economic development "Mikhailovka" was created in the Volgograd Region Decree of April 12, 2019 No. 428. The creation of the Mikhailovka ASEZ will contribute to the diversification of the city's economy, reducing dependence on city-forming enterprises, increasing the investment attractiveness of the city, creating new jobs, attracting investment.
April 15, 2019 , Monotowns A territory of advanced socio-economic development "Miass" was created in Chelyabinsk region Decree of April 12, 2019 No. 427. The creation of the Miass ASEZ will help diversify the city's economy, reduce dependence on the city-forming enterprise, increase the investment attractiveness of the city, create new jobs, and attract investment.
April 15, 2019 , Monotowns A territory of advanced socio-economic development "Mtsensk" was created in the Oryol region Decree of April 12, 2019 No. 426. The creation of the Mtsensk ASEZ will help diversify the city's economy, reduce dependence on city-forming enterprises, increase the investment attractiveness of the city, create new jobs, and attract investment.
April 15, 2019 , Monetary policy. Financial markets ABOUT social payments using national system payment cards Decree of April 11, 2019 No. 419. The decisions taken are aimed at further promotion and popularization of national payment instruments, development of the national system of payment cards. Approved the procedure for making changes to the design of cars Decree of April 6, 2019 No. 413. The adopted decision will make it possible to make state supervision in the field of verifying compliance with the requirements for vehicles in operation, in case of changes in their design, more transparent and understandable.
1She was born on July 27, 1963 in the town of Uzlovaya, Tula Region. Graduated from Yakutsk State University, Russian Academy public service under the President of the Russian Federation. Since October 1997 - Deputy Chairman of the Board of CJSC JSCB "MIB". Married, has two sons.
ENTERPRISES THAT NEED RESOURCES
It is no secret that the Russian military-industrial complex is a rather heterogeneous structure. According to one of the classifications, enterprises belonging to this industry can be divided into four groups. The first group includes companies producing military products, focused primarily on its subsequent export. The second group is factories producing strategically important military products for domestic purposes. The third category of companies is actively working in the field of projects related to the domestic raw materials and transport complexes, that is, it pays great attention to the production of civilian products, although they are strategically significant. And, finally, the fourth group of enterprises has neither export nor strategic domestic orders, but produces products that are more or less in demand by the market or the state. Accordingly, depending on which group the company belongs to, it will be possible to determine the preferred methods and sources of its financing.
So, if we start with the last group, then the enterprises included in it, as a rule, carry out technical re-equipment to a very limited extent, are inactive in the field of R&D, therefore, if additional funding is needed, they receive it in common with other entities. economic activity grounds.
THE MOST DEMANDED AND SOLVING
As for the third group, here it is necessary to keep in mind the following. Despite the capital intensity of projects in the field of fuel and energy, their implementation, as a rule, does not require radically new technologies, and implemented technical solutions, as a rule, are a refinement of already existing ones. Accordingly, such projects can be financed both at the expense of customers and at the expense of internal resources.
If we talk about the second group of enterprises, it is obvious that a significant amount of funding falls on the state defense order (GOZ). Recently, the authorities have been paying more and more attention to the development of the domestic defense industry, especially in those areas where the strategic interests of our country are affected. As stated at the second meeting of the Military-Industrial Commission in June, its chairman, Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov, "the Russian government will allocate up to 5 trillion rubles for the implementation of the state arms development program for 2007-2015." At the same time, he noted that "currently current program priority is given to research and development work.
As for the first group, it is obvious that export contracts for the sale of military equipment play a key role here. Being competitive in the world market and carrying out large export deliveries, such enterprises have the opportunity to develop quite effectively.
ROOM FOR THE FUTURE AND PRESENT
It is necessary to pay attention to one important point: both in the domestic and foreign markets, the products of defense industry enterprises will be in demand only when their development and implementation is carried out in step with the times. That is, the issue of developing and implementing technologies is more than acute for both the first and second groups from the above classification.
It is appropriate to add here that at the third meeting, in July, the Military-Industrial Commission, which has already been mentioned above, approved a list of critical technologies, without which the development and creation of new military equipment is impossible. After its completion, this was announced by the first deputy head of the military-industrial complex Vladislav Putilin. "This list is an integral part of the state arms program until 2015. It lists about 300 technologies," he said. Such a position of the state is understandable and seems quite logical, given that the sale of military products is in fact the only significant export item, in addition to the sale of raw materials. We should not forget about another thing - the defense industry accounts for more than 70% of all scientific products produced in Russia.
ARE THE EXISTING SOURCES ENOUGH?
Despite the apparent variety of financing instruments, the situation is by no means as rosy as we would like. The situation becomes more transparent if each source of funding is considered separately. So, it is worth starting with venture capital projects that are widespread abroad. These technologies have a number of advantages for enterprises: as a rule, they do not have to provide any collateral or pledge for the funds received, unlike, for example, bank lending. The profit of a venture investor arises only when, after a specified period, the investor will be able to sell his block of shares at a price several times higher than the initial investment.
The authorities support investors implementing such projects: at the international economic forum in St. Petersburg at the end of June, which experts call "Russian Davos", Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov noted that the state actively supports venture investments, including regional and sectoral private-state venture funds, electronic exchanges high technologies. But still venture financing not very common in Russia. On the one hand, this is a new type of financing for us, on the other hand, what is a plus for enterprises turns out to be a significant minus for capital owners: we are talking about the actual absence of a guarantee of repayment of funds.
IN Lately All more projects arises in the field of financing by foreign funds scientific developments, including one way or another related to the defense industry. As Sergei Ivanov noted at the same Russian Davos, “it is obvious that the innovation process at defense industry enterprises could receive an additional impetus, including through the development international cooperation At the same time, despite all the steps taken in this direction, one important problem remains - the strategic importance and partial secrecy of many projects, which often creates serious obstacles in the way of foreign capital.
A VERSATILE WAY TO GET THE FOUNDATION FOR GROWTH
Another tool - bank loans, once not too popular due to high stakes and relatively short periods. However, now the situation in the field of corporate lending is changing qualitatively - this method has become universal and suitable without restrictions for all categories of defense enterprises mentioned above. Its, figuratively speaking, "applicability" and real convenience are due to two main reasons. First, macroeconomic. The slowdown in inflation, the reduction of the refinancing rate, the stability in the ruble/dollar market - all this has led to the fact that interest rates on loans have decreased, and the conditions for obtaining loans have become more affordable. Secondly, there appeared credit organizations, who have vast experience in interaction and cooperation with strategically important plants, including those belonging to the defense industry and the scientific development industry. One of them is CJSC JSCB "MIB", which has been operating in the domestic credit market for more than 12 years.
DEMANDED COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Knowledge of the specifics of the functioning of the business of military-industrial complex enterprises and know-how developers, sufficient resource base and the ability to transform the services offered in such a way that they best meet the needs of customers - these are the three pillars on which the work of CJSC JSCB "MIB" is based and which ensure the constant expansion of the customer base jar. The basis of the bank's client policy is the individuality of each client and each financed enterprise, in fact, each project, and we strive to prepare the most profitable and convenient financing schemes as much as possible.
The main areas of credit and investment activity bank are shipbuilding, mining, precious metals, high tech. The Bank successfully participates in servicing major international contracts in the field of military-technical cooperation between Russia and foreign countries, as well as a number of international programs and projects.
Most of our bank's clients are enterprises real sector economy, including OJSC "Concern for medium and small-tonnage shipbuilding" (KSMK). CJSC JSCB "MIB" is successfully cooperating with the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Rosoboronexport", and we intend to continue to provide Banking services in accordance with the high standards that are approved by the enterprises of the domestic defense industry.
Expert working group on the development of competition in the field of the state defense order of the FAS Russia.
It is also assumed that the growth of industrial production volumes will be ensured, the share of innovative products will increase and the level of professional training of employees of defense industry organizations will increase.
The state program provides for the promotion of military products to the world arms markets, ensuring the stable functioning and growth of industrial production of defense industry organizations, and developing intellectual and human potential.
As a result of the implementation of the state program, the government plans to increase the volume of industrial production in the defense industry by 1.8 times compared to 2014 and increase the share of innovative products in the total output from 34.4% in 2016 to 39.6% in 2020.
Defense industry priorities
On present stage top priority public policy in the development of the defense industry is to equip the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation with modern samples of military products.
The second most important area is improving the quality and competitiveness of industrial products. For this purpose, the scientific and technical reserve is being actively formed in the defense industry and technological modernization is being carried out.
Among priority areas we can also highlight the provision of innovative development of the defense industry, the development of human resources, the improvement of the management system and the development of international cooperation in the field of industry.
Technological independence
2015 has become an important stage in increasing the technological independence of Russia. Entered into force the federal law"ABOUT industrial policy", aimed at the development of domestic high-tech industries, the prerequisites for the territorial industrial development countries.
IN Russian economy conditions have been created to increase the multi-level localization of foreign industries, the processes of import substitution are developing. The Industry Development Fund of the Russian Ministry of Industry and Trade became their main coordinator.
The military-industrial complex continues active technical re-equipment and reconstruction of the production, experimental and technological base. In 2015, all sectors of the defense industry, with the exception of the conventional arms industry, experienced production growth above the average for the economy.
Due to an almost 20% increase in the volume of military products in 2015, the volume of industrial output produced by defense industry enterprises increased by 12.9%.
The increase in volumes compared to 2014 amounted to: the radio-electronic complex - by 32.6%, the ammunition and special chemicals industry - by 22.3%, the shipbuilding industry - 16.3%, the rocket and space industry - 7.6%, the aviation industry - 5.9%.
The fall in production by 3.2% in the industry of conventional arms was connected, first of all, with the current situation at a number of enterprises of NPK Uralvagonzavod and some others.
As a result of the successful implementation of the state defense order in 2015, the share of modern models of equipment and weapons in the troops exceeded 1.5 times planned indicators and averaged about 47%.
The portfolio of export contracts now stands at more than $56 billion; in 2015, new contracts were signed for more than $26 billion.
Innovation and competitiveness
the main objective new state program- increasing the competitiveness of manufactured products based on the implementation of innovative potential and stimulating the development of the defense industry.
Volume of budget allocations new program(in the prices of the corresponding years) is 34.9 billion rubles.
In 2016-2020, in addition to the above results, the military-industrial complex is expected to grow by 1.3 times in the production of civilian products. Professional retraining, training in the system of additional vocational education 152 thousand employees of defense industry organizations. More than 7,000 workers will be trained on co-financing terms.
The state program for the development of the defense industry continues to be the main mechanism for supporting the defense industry. Accepted Program, like the previous one, provides for direct funding from the budget. The subsidy has also been preserved. interest rates on loans related to investments from own and borrowed sources.
The experience of implementing previous programs shows that attracting third-party sources of financing for defense industry enterprises often turns out to be a formality, which entails significant risks to ensure the full implementation of program activities.
Implementation risks
Implementation risks are also due to the low level of production profitability with high level unproductive costs, operating and overhead costs. Saved low level diversification of the use of technological capacities in the production of civilian products.
There is a significant proportion of morally and physically obsolete and fixed production assets that are little used due to the lack of motivation for their diversified use. At the same time, relatively new equipment is being used to the limit.
An extremely important problem in the development of the defense industry is the desire of enterprises, instead of concentrating all types of resources on promising samples, to modernize obsolete products or those that will become obsolete in the coming years. The focus on the state defense order prevails, which does not ensure optimal capacity utilization and leads to an imbalance in technological capacities with an incomplete level of their utilization.
Many experts and supervisory authorities also note the high cost of manufactured products, which has already come close to the cost of foreign models and has already exceeded the cost of Chinese counterparts, which can significantly reduce the competitiveness of Russian military products in the foreign market.
Summarizing the above, it can be argued that under the conditions operating mechanisms based on budget financing of the full investment cycle and with the existing pricing practice, the state program bears significant risks of not achieving the planned indicators of innovative development and diversification.
Complexity and uncertainty in reality innovative way development contributes to the fact that, despite the adoption of a number of conceptual, doctrinal and policy documents, a clear economic strategy, including a defense-industrial policy based on national security priorities, has not been developed in Russia. This is confirmed by the dynamics of changes in the share of expenditures from GDP and total expenditures. federal budget under the section “National Defense” (Table 1.5) [Arbatov, Romashkin, 2003].
The relative growth in defense spending does not have a proactive dynamic to reach the legally established barrier of 3.5% of GDP and is strongly correlated with the growth in total federal budget spending as a whole. The insignificance of state investments aimed at improving the structure of fixed assets of the defense industries is illustrated by the data of the Federal Address investment program(FAIP) [website of the TS VPK], presented in Table. 1.6. In the annual work “Military Balance”, experts from the London International Institute for Strategic Studies noted that the scale of real military spending by the Russian Federation is difficult to assess - most of them, as always, are closed.
In addition, some expenditures related to national security are not included in the allocations to the military department [Ivanov, 2004]. Rearmament plans military organization Russia are formulated in the State Armament Program for the period 2002-2012. The main focus of the program is on military research and development. Until 2006, it is planned to allocate the main part of appropriations for these purposes.
After that, most of the funds will be directed to the purchase of new samples of military products. As a positive factor in financing military construction in the Russian Federation, experts from the London Institute noted the consistent growth in appropriations for the State Defense Order of the Ministry of Defense, including purchases, research and development, repair and modernization of weapons and military equipment. However, the Institute's experts believe that the annual increase in military spending of the Russian Federation does not at all provide grounds for the successful implementation of the State Program for the Development and Procurement of Arms in 2002-2012. They express doubts about meeting the deadlines set by this program. It should be noted that some heads of defense enterprises in Russia itself express similar serious concerns about this. The main indicators of the budget of the Moscow Region in 2000-2005 financial years are presented in table. 1.7.
These figures indicate a significant increase in defense spending and the state defense order, about GDP growth. However, they do not take into account inflation. At the same time, even according to the most “sparing” estimates, inflation in the Russian Federation was 16.5% in 2001, 15.7% in 2002, 14.3% in 2003, and 11.7% in 2004. , and for 2005 it is projected at the level of 11.5%. Based on this, for the period from 2000 to 2005, inflation will be at least 90%. With this adjustment, growth budget spending for national defense over the entire five-year period is 58%, which roughly corresponds to the planned GDP growth (60%). At the same time, the allocations under this article did not approach the level of 3.5% of GDP indicated by the presidential decree, moreover, this figure could not even overcome the mark of 2.9%.
Among the factors that have recently had a positive impact on financial position enterprises of the defense industry, the following should be listed [Moskovsky, 2004]:
settlement accounts payable the Ministry of Defense before the enterprises of the defense industry, which has a steady downward trend;
improvement of the situation with the provision of full, stable and rhythmic financial support GOZ.
The problematic issues of financing the state defense order for the defense industry are also quite obvious:
limited financial opportunities states in terms of the maintenance of their military organization; shortcomings of the ongoing in the state pricing policy which are manifested in the absence of compensatory and regulatory mechanisms for linking prices at various stages of development and implementation of scientific and technical products within the framework of the State Defense Order and SAP with permanent and not always predictable changes in taxes, energy, transport, customs tariffs;
since a number of production stages of sectoral cooperation remained in the countries of the near abroad, funds are needed to recreate the lost links; marginal prices for military products, set by the state, do not allow enterprises to pursue an active strategy for the technical re-equipment of their fixed assets;
the state practically does not allocate designated purpose funds for these important purposes, which has an extremely negative impact on the technical capabilities of enterprises and the quality of their products.
The influence of these factors directly affects the slowdown in the implementation of the SAP and the State Defense Order, and a number of their tasks are being carried out with a lag relative to deadlines, as mentioned above. In a situation of insufficient funds for the technical equipment of the country's military organization, only the state defense order cannot stimulate high rates of production growth and its modernization. Other factors also acquire an additional positive role: foreign orders for military products, which bring significant profits, overhaul and modernization of equipment, located in power structures, strategic reorientation to the production of civilian and dual-use products, the output volumes and assortment of which are constantly growing.
An important political decision that directly affects the increase in exports was the introduction, from January 1, 2004, of domestic prices by Russian producers for products supplied to member states of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO). If we consider the fact of insufficient financing of the State Defense Order from the perspective of defense industry enterprises, then it should be noted that the lack of funds for modernization entails the impossibility of creating modern computer simulation tools and full-scale test benches for testing new products, the use of which greatly reduces the design time and minimizes costs at the stage of development of these products, especially at the stage, for example, of their flight tests, when expensive prototypes are irretrievably lost.
At the meeting of the Government dedicated to the adoption of the State Defense Order-2005, its chairman voiced a point of view that importance for defense industry enterprises. According to this opinion, the State Defense Order is a very important tool for stimulating the economic development of the country as a whole. The state defense order is a key mechanism for the implementation of military-technical policy, the development of weapons and military equipment, but its significance does not end there. Every tenth ruble of the budget works for the state defense order, which turns it into an effective regulator of the country's socio-economic development, as well as support for the regions from federal government. It should be noted that, in general, in the defense industry, this made it possible to change the situation with wages for the better. According to Rosprom, in 2004 its increase was more than 20%, while in scientific organizations- about 25%. average salary for the defense industry at the end of 2004 was estimated at 7.2 thousand rubles. [Economics of the military-industrial complex, 2005].