Italy is a sunny state in the southern part of Europe with an unusually beautiful and diverse nature. What are the resources and natural conditions of Italy? This will be discussed further.
Natural resources of Italy (briefly)
Italy - largest country Mediterranean, which is located in Southern Europe. Most of it is located on - exactly on the one that is very similar in shape to an elegant women's boot. This article will discuss how Natural resources Italy promote development here various industries National economy.
Thus, the country is distinguished by an extremely poor mineral resource potential. Mineral reserves do not satisfy Italy's domestic needs, so the country has to import energy resources, as well as ferrous metal ores. The metallurgical industry of the state works entirely on imported raw materials.
Italy is not very rich in forest and water resources. There are very few full-flowing rivers, and most of them are mountain streams.
Thus, if we make a brief analysis, then Italy's resources are not very conducive to development national economy. The country has to import most of the mineral raw materials. On the other hand, the climatic and natural resources of Italy make it possible to develop here This is exactly what Italy is doing successfully, receiving enormous incomes in its the state budget from the influx of foreign tourists.
The nature of the relief of the country
The natural resources of Italy are not only minerals, land and forests. When characterizing the natural resource potential of a particular country, one should dwell in detail on the features of its relief. After all, it plays an important role in the development of the national economy and the location of its enterprises.
Italy can be safely attributed to the mountainous countries. After all, about 70 percent of its territory is occupied by mountains, as well as hilly hills with absolute heights above 700 meters. Lowlands and valleys occupy only 1/4 of the state. The largest of them, the Padana Lowland, is located in the Po River basin. There is a lot of concentration here a large number of population.
In the north of Italy are located the southern spurs of the largest mountain system in Europe - the Alps. These spurs are of great importance for the formation. Because they protect the country from the penetration of cold and humid northern air masses.
It should be noted that Italy is characterized by quite high level seismic instability. This significantly complicates the economic development of some of its regions. There are volcanoes in Italy. And both extinguished and still active. The most famous of them are the volcanoes Etna, Stromboli and Vesuvius. Earthquakes of various intensity are recorded regularly in different parts of the country. The last strong earthquake occurred here in 2012.
Climatic conditions in the country
Italy is located in the subtropical (Mediterranean) climate zone. The Alpine mountain ranges in the north play a huge role in shaping the climate situation in the country. They are the natural barrier that protects the Apennines from cold winds from the north.
In general, climatic conditions contribute not only to the development of recreation and resorts. They are also very favorable for the agro-industrial complex of the country. True, in many regions of Italy there is insufficient moisture. Nevertheless, on the territory of this country, nature itself has created excellent conditions for growing excellent grapes, as well as fruits.
Mineral resources of Italy
As noted above, Italy does not have significant mineral reserves. And in general, its mineral resource base does not provide for the internal needs of the country's economy.
If we consider fuel resources, then in Italy there are insignificant deposits of coal. As well as several fairly large gas fields that can satisfy the country's needs for this resource by only 15-20%.
Italy also does not have its own ore reserves, which are so necessary for the functioning of metallurgy. The country buys iron ore concentrate, manganese and chromium from other European countries. However, large deposits of mercury, as well as zinc and lead, have been identified in Italy. Thus, the development of non-ferrous metallurgy here can be a very promising and profitable business.
In addition, the bowels of Italy are rich in non-metallic minerals, as well as raw materials for the construction industry. In particular, within the country there are deposits of white marble and granites of world importance.
Water resources of the country
Nature also does not particularly spoil Italy with water resources. Most of the rivers in the country are not full-flowing, and in summer they dry up completely. On many mountain rivers of the Apennine Peninsula, as well as the foothill regions of the Alps, it is possible to successfully develop the hydropower industry.
The largest water system in Italy is located in its northern part. This is the Po River, 650 kilometers long, with numerous tributaries. There are also quite a few rivers within the Apennine Peninsula. But almost all of them are short, mountainous and very shallow.
The water resources of Italy are represented not only by rivers, but also by lakes. There are at least one and a half thousand lakes in the country. The origin of most of them is mountain-glacial. Some lakes in Italy are successfully used for recreational and tourist purposes.
Land and forest resources of the country
Italy's land resources are also quite poor. Land suitable for growing crops is concentrated in the north of the country, within the Po Valley. IN Lately there is a decrease in the area of arable land in Italy. And the share of pastures in the land fund of the country is about 15%.
Italy is poor and forest resources. The country is forced to buy them abroad. The level of forest cover in Italy does not exceed 20%. In addition, most of the forests in the country are various low-growing formations with an admixture of thorny bushes.
Finally
Thus, we can say that the natural resources of Italy are quite scarce. On its territory there are no sufficient reserves of mineral raw materials, forests and surface waters. However, thanks to its beautiful landscapes, mild climate and rich historical and cultural heritage, Italy has been able to achieve significant success in the tourism sector. The main Italians are concentrated in the Alps, on the Adriatic coast, as well as in beautiful old cities such as Rome, Venice or Verona.
Introduction
Economical geography foreign countries is a social geographical science, one of the most important branches of geography. It explores the patterns of development and distribution of the population and economy both on the globe as a whole and in individual foreign states. One such country that I have chosen is Italy.
Italy is a maritime and mountainous country. The capital of Italy is Rome. Italy is a very beautiful country, therefore it has been given the title of "the largest center international tourism". This state has many individual characteristics and secrets. It leads the way in many industries. One of the important cultural features is the winemaking ability. The most popular wine is Chianti, and the real Italian liqueur is Amaretto. Like every province, Italy has its own culinary secrets; spaghetti and pizza have become world famous.
There are many attractions in Italy, because of which I chose this country. But I will mention only a few: the famous Roman Basilica of St. Peter (5th century), the Trevi Fountain, the "Bridge of Sighs" in Venice. In my essay, I touched Interesting Facts from the development of this country. I hope my abstract will be useful and interesting.
Territory, borders, position
Geographical position.
Italy is a maritime and mountainous country stretching in the south of Europe from the Alps to the Mediterranean Sea. Italy borders France in the northwest, Switzerland and Austria in the north, and Slovenia in the northeast. Within Italy are tiny states: San Marino and the Vatican. The territory of Italy occupies 301,000 sq. km.
main cities. Administrative division.
The capital of Italy is Rome. Largest cities: Rome (3100 thousand people), Milan (2300 thousand people), Naples (1500 thousand people), Turin (1200 thousand people), Genoa (1000 thousand people), Palermo (900 thousand . people), Bologna (670 thousand people), Florence (630 thousand people), Pari (410 thousand people), Catania (380 thousand people), Venice (350 thousand people). Administratively, Italy is divided into 20 regions, including 94 provinces.
Political system.
Italy is a parliamentary republic. The head of state is the president. The head of government is the prime minister. The legislature is the Parliament, which consists of the Senate of the Republic and the Chamber of Deputies.
natural conditions and resources
Since Italy is a mountainous country, the terrain here is very diverse. The chain of Alpine mountains stretched from the shores of the Ligurian Sea in the west to the outskirts of Trieste in the east of the Apennines - along the entire peninsula up to its southern tip. Between the Alps and the Apennines lies the great Lombard lowland, through which the Po and its tributaries flow. The chain of the Apennines on both sides gradually turns into a hilly landscape. Near the coast are the large islands of Sicily and Sardinia and the smaller ones of Elba, Capri and others. The largest of the currently active European volcanoes is Etna (3323 m above sea level) in Sicily.
On the territory of Italy there are deposits of mercury, marble, coal, sulfur, as well as natural gas (minor).
The climate of Italy is very diverse, since the peninsula is mountainous and protrudes far into the Mediterranean Sea. In the Alps, average temperatures are lower and winters are long and harsh. From July to September it is usually warm, although heavy rains are possible in September. Heavy snowfalls begin in November. Northern Italy has a continental climate with cold and foggy winters and hot summers. Central Italy has a maritime climate with relatively mild winters and not very hot summers. In Rome, for example, in July-August, the average temperature is about +23 o C. On the Adriatic coast, sometimes a strong wind brings a lot of cold air. In the south of Italy, a typical Mediterranean climate with warm and rainless summers and generous winters with precipitation, when the temperature is rarely below +7 ° C. The most even meteorological conditions all year round are preserved on the Riviera.
The most important rivers of Italy: Po, Arno, Tiber; main lakes: Garda, Lago Maggiore, Como.
Forests and shrubs occupy 25% of the area of Italy. Oak, chestnut, ash, maple, cypress, palm trees, spruce, fir, pine are characteristic. In the mountains - alpine meadows. Many protected areas, national parks (Stelvino, Gran Paradiso, Abruzzo). The fauna of Italy is not rich. The wolf, wild boar, eagle, falcon, vulture, hawk, partridge, quail, buzzard are characteristic.
Relief features Latin America due to tectonic structure. The territory on which it is located consists of the ancient South American platform and relatively young folding. The first corresponds to plateaus, plateaus (Brazilian, Patagonian and Guiana) in places where the platform rises and lowlands and plains (Amazonian, La Plata, etc.) in places of troughs. The second is formed by the Cordillera, which in South America is called the Andes. This is the world's longest chain of mountain ranges and massifs, stretching for 11,000 km and reaching a height of 6960 m (Mount Aconcagua).
Minerals
Latin America is rich in minerals. It accounts for 18% of oil reserves, 30% of ferrous and alloying metals, 25% of non-ferrous metals and 55% of rare and scattered elements of the capitalist world. In terms of reserves of some minerals, individual countries of the region rank first among the capitalist states: for example, in iron ore, niobium, beryllium and rock crystal - Brazil; for copper - Chile; for graphite - Mexico; for antimony and lithium - Bolivia. The presence of promising, but still poorly explored geological structures allows us to count on new mineral deposits in the coming years. It is from here that the United States of America receives up to 70% of the strategic raw materials they need, including more than 90% of tin concentrate and bauxite, and about 50% of copper and iron ore. Their diversity is a consequence of the diversity of tectonic structures.
Vatican is a city-state located in Southern Europe. The Vatican is the only state in the world located completely inside the capital of another state -. The country is a member of only one international organization - the UN, and then for the rights of an observer. For residents of EU countries, entry into the territory of the Vatican is visa-free, for residents of other countries, a Schengen visa issued by the Italian Embassy is required.
The Vatican is considered the highest seat of the Roman Catholic Church. The Pope of Rome lives here - the head of the Roman Catholic Church and his cardinals. It is in the Vatican that the election of a new pontiff takes place at the Privy Council of Cardinals. The Vatican is actually a single city-state in Europe. The population of the country is 842 people. Capital - . The Vatican City covers the entire country. The Vatican is an enclave state, it is surrounded on all sides by the territory of Italy, in particular, its capital, Rome. The country is located in the same time zone. The difference with universal time is one hour.
The Vatican has no access to the sea.
There are no forests in the country, half of the area is occupied by a large park.
The Vatican is located in the center of Rome on the Vatican Hill. The relief is hilly. The highest point of the Vatican is 75 meters above sea level.
There are no rivers or lakes in the Vatican. The nearest large river - the Tiber - is located a few hundred meters in Rome.
The Vatican has no administrative-territorial division.
Map
Roads
The Vatican has its own railway station. It is used as a cargo. There is no passenger traffic here. Sometimes the Pope's personal train departs from the station when he goes on a journey.
There are no autobahns in the Vatican. There is one highway, which is in excellent condition and which leads to the residence of the Pope.
Story
The Vatican is about two thousand years old. It has a history that is directly related to the entire history of the Roman Catholic Church:
a) the prehistoric Vatican (before the beginning of our era) - in those days the territory of the modern Vatican was outside the city limits ancient rome, it was a swampy area where there was a garden and a villa of the mother of the Roman emperor Caligula - Agrippina, and then a hippodrome appeared;
b) Formation of the Vatican and the Papal States - since 326 - the construction of the first Catholic basilica;
c) the Vatican during the period of the Papal States (until 1870) - the heyday of church power, the formation of the Inquisition, participation in the crusades and the conquest of new lands;
d) the Vatican during the rule of Italy by Benito Mussolini - confirmation by Italy of the independence of the Vatican (1929, Lateran agreements);
e) the Vatican during the Second World War (1939-1945) - secret support of the ruling fascist regime of Mussolini;
f) The Vatican in the post-war and modern times - since 1945, the strengthening of the role of the Roman Catholic Church in the world.
Minerals
The country has no minerals.
Climate
The climate of the Vatican is Mediterranean. It has very hot and dry summers and mild winters. The average temperature in winter is 5 degrees Celsius, although there are days when it snows and there is a slight frost. It often rains in winter. In summer, the usual temperature is 30 degrees Celsius in the shade. There is little rain in summer. The greatest amount of rain falls in autumn.
The area is 301.3 thousand km2. Population - 58.1 million people
Unitary republic - 20 regions. Capital -. Rome
EGP
Italy is one of the seven major highly developed countries in the world. On political map. Europe, it occupies an advantageous geographical and geopolitical position. Italy consists of three parts: mainland (over. 30% of the country's territory), peninsular (50%) and island (more than 17%%).
Mediterranean accommodation. Italy and the lingering maritime border (3/4 of the total length of the borders) have a very positive effect on it. EGP. Land borders in the north. Italy delimit its territory with. France,. Switzerland,. Austria and. Slovenia. Through territory. Italy has important land routes from the sea coast to the countries of the central part. Western. Europe. Within the country there are two enclave states: Vatican and. San Marinrino.
Population
Natural increase in population c. Italy has had negative values since the mid-1990s. Now it is about (-0.6) per 1000 people. Mortality is less than 10 per 1000 people, and average duration life - 79 rocks to her. Important role in population change. Italy was constantly played by external migration. But in last years a large number of Italians are returning. The balance of migrations has positive values, fully compensating for losses from natural growth.
The national composition of the population is marked by homogeneity 98% of the citizens of the state are Italians belonging to the Romance language group. The same proportion is made up of Catholic Christians. Slovenes, Greeks, Albanians, French live in the border areas with neighboring states
The country is characterized high density population (190 people per 1 km2). In the middle of the country there are significant regional differences in the distribution of the population. The northern developed regions are much more densely populated. IT waist (200-1000 people per 1 km2) time in the south. In Italy and on the islands, the population density ranges from 40 to 70 people per 1 km2. This is due to the constant intrastate migrations of the population, persons livo in the direction. South North. The reason for this is the significant differences in living standards and opportunities to receive. Average size. GNP per capita in the south of the country is about 60% of that in the northeast.
The proportion of the urban population is estimated at about 70%. The highest level of urbanization in. Italy is within. Padana lowlands. The largest cities-millionaires is. Rome,. Milan,. Naples and. Turin. In the south towards the country dominated rural population. There are quite large villages in terms of population, which are sometimes called rural towns. In the north. Italy, where the farming form of management prevails Agriculture, solutions, a farm form of population resettlement is proposed. The mountains are dominated by villages small in population.
The share of the economically active population is somewhat reduced, which is partly due to the aging of the nation. The structure of employment is dominated by the service sector - 57%, industry - 38%, rural state - 5%. Among the countries in EU,. Italy has recently acted as a supplier of relatively cheap work force For. France and. Germany. The number of unemployed reaches more than 2 million people annually (10% %).
Natural conditions and resources
Italy is not rich in mineral resources, the insignificant reserves of some of them do not meet the needs of the national economy. Of the fuel and energy resources in the country, there are small deposits of coal and oil, half the night in the eastern part. Italy has several large deposits of natural gas. They allow. Italy to produce up to 17 billion m3 of gas per year and meet its needs by 15%.
Italy has almost no manganese, iron and chromite ores, as a result of which her ferrous metallurgy works on imported raw materials. In the structure of mineral resources, reserves of polymetallic (primarily from lead, zinc) and mercury ores (one of the largest in the world) are distinguished.
Of the non-metallic minerals in the bowels of the country, there are large stocks potassium and common salt. Rich country on Construction Materials, its reserves of marble and granite are of world importance
For water resources. Italy is not rich rivers are small and shallow in summer. The largest river -. By, which flows in the north and flows into. Adriatic Sea. Since most of the country's rivers are mountainous, they are significant potential water resources. Especially they are rich rivers originating with. AlAlp.
Only 20% of the territory. Italy is covered with forests, their main massifs are located in the north of the country. Lack of wood limits the development of certain industries
Italy, in general, is a mountainous country, more than 3/4 of the territory of which is occupied by mountains, which are of exceptional importance in shaping the climate. Italy, because it is a natural barrier to the penetration of moist air masses from the north of the mainland. The economic development of the country is hampered by the high level of seismicity of the territory.
Plains and lowlands are located on the coast. Apennine Peninsula and in the northeast. Italy, where in the river basin. Po is the largest Italian plain -. The Padana lowlands are the most developed by man and the most populated.
Climate Resources. Italy is quite favorable for the development of agriculture. In the north, the climate is temperate continental, and in the south. Italy is characterized by a Mediterranean subtropical climate and dry summers.
Generally. Italy is poor in agricultural land and especially in arable land. There is about 0.2 hectares of arable land per person. A significant amount of arable land is irrigated, which is a necessary condition for obtaining high yields. Soils are generally quite fertile.
Mountain relief. Apennines and. The Alps with many small lakes of volcanic origin, forests, the Mediterranean type of climate, sea coasts play a significant role in the formation of rich recreational areas.
resources. Italy. Their second important component is a large number of historical and architectural monuments of world significance.