In life and work, you often come across terms that you have never encountered before. Some of them can be safely ignored, while others have to be studied, since some processes without them are almost impossible to imagine. Often this also applies to such a term as “lifetime”. It can relate to both complex construction equipment or cars, and ordinary household appliances, such as an iron or hair dryer. But most often it is business owners or executors of certain orders who need to obtain information about their property. It is for them that the information presented below will be most useful.

What is the service life?

Let's start with something simple. What is exploitation? This is the use of an object for its intended purpose. If it is a car, then it covers distances. If it is a computer, then various computational work is performed on it. If we are talking about building structures, then their task is to withstand a certain physical load for a certain time. This period is called the service life or service life.

The time during which equipment, a machine or an entire building can function without losing its basic qualities is important to know for those who are going to come into contact with this object. If a person, before purchasing, has information about the service life of an object, he will be able to assess the profitability of his investment. Maybe he should choose more expensive equipment, the service life of which will be much longer?

Standard service life

This term is most often applied to construction projects. Its very name suggests that it is associated with norms, in in this case with construction. Legislation Russian Federation Standards have been established according to which buildings for various purposes must last at least a certain number of years. This means that during the design process, engineers must take this figure into account and use only those designs that can function effectively throughout this time.

The service life of houses would be lower than the standard if the project had not taken into account Maintenance, as well as replacement of some elements of the building. It may sound strange, but many elements of the structure are physically not capable of serving for as many years as the building is allotted. So why is such a long standard service life established? It's simple. Some elements, such as pipes, window frames and roofing, have a much shorter service life than the entire building, and therefore the same standards provide for their planned replacement or repair after a certain time.

Actual service life

Let's look at the same building. For example, its standard service life is 50 years. Does this mean that exactly half a century after the completion of construction, all the walls of the house will collapse and its inhabitants will be left without a roof over their heads? Not at all.

The actual service life of an object is the time during which it will actually function. That is, with proper care, regular repairs and replacement of failed elements, a house can last much longer than specified in the standards. By the way, the actual service life may be shorter if the planned repairs required by the standards are not carried out.

Timely repair of cracks, replacement of collapsed bricks and elimination of other problems will allow the building to stand for much longer. The same applies to many other objects. If the documents for a computer or car say that its service life is 5 or 20 years, this does not mean that this is exactly how long it will work.

Depreciation

This term applies to equipment or any other technology that will be used by any organization during its useful life. The company spent money to purchase this item and plans to return it. But how? For this purpose, depreciation is calculated. That is, the cost of the equipment is divided by the time during which it must function.

Let's imagine an organization that performs renovation work. She buys a drill that costs 5 thousand rubles and its service life is 5 years. This means that every year the organization will include 1 thousand rubles in the cost of repairs so that the purchased equipment pays for itself. This is a very simple example and does not take into account how long the drill is running each day, how long it takes to complete an order, and many other factors. But it gives a general idea of ​​depreciation.

Average service life

This figure can be called quite subjective. It is used in cases where the owner does not have information about the exact service life of a particular equipment, but it is necessary to calculate depreciation for it. For example, the documents indicate the value “from 10 to 15 years” or not indicated at all, but the figure for calculations must be justified. In such cases, third-party sources are used. You can seek help from those who have already used such equipment and find out how many years it has served. All that remains is to add up the values ​​and divide by the quantity to get average term equipment operation. Naturally, the more informants there are, the more accurate the number will be.

Guarantee period

The name speaks for itself. The warranty service life should not be confused with the standard or actual one.

For most devices, there is a certain period of time during which the manufacturer undertakes to fix problems or replace non-working equipment. This is the warranty period. Often it is 2-3 times lower than the normative or actual value. Why? Perhaps due to the fact that after a certain time it is difficult to determine whether the device broke down due to a defect in production or due to the fault of the user.

In most cases, equipment documents are accompanied by a list of faults that may arise due to the fault of the manufacturer. If the user operated the device carelessly or not for its intended purpose, the warranty is not valid. It is also worth noting that often the warranty period is one of the advertising moves. After all, the longer a manufacturer is willing to be responsible for its products, the more trust it inspires.

How to extend the service life?

At different conditions Absolutely identical devices can have very different service times. That is, intended use, proper care and timely repairs can significantly increase the actual service life. But with the normative one everything is much more complicated.

Over time, technologies change, new materials and production methods appear. Logic dictates that houses that were built earlier should last less because they used more primitive designs. If this is so, then the standard service life of new buildings should increase over time. In fact, houses built over 100 years ago (such as castles or palaces) still have strong structures. At the same time, modern buildings quickly become unsuitable for use, since builders often skimp on materials, and engineers initially design less durable structures.

What to do if the regulatory period has expired?

The period during which the building must function is specified during the design. If its service life has expired, it will only be able to perform its original function if it is completely rebuilt.

The same approach applies to some other objects. For example, an enterprise has a fleet of specialized cars for transporting various goods. In just 1-2 years, their standard service life will expire, and this is more than 50 thousand units. What can the company do in this case? One option is to write it off. But in this case, you will have to look for a replacement for them, most likely, buy new ones. And this is a huge expense. Perhaps the best option in this case would be to modernize those cars whose service life is coming to an end.

In such cases, you should refer to special technical regulations on the safety of certain objects (railway or road transport, elevators, etc.). It, among other things, lists the conditions under which the service life can be extended. In this case, the regulations say that with the help of modernization, the service life of such cars can be extended by no more than 50% of the original one. A great way to save money, of course, provided that the plant ready to perform such an operation is not very far away.

Vehicle service life

Few production or organizations can do without a car. Naturally, it is important for them to know how long their wheeled vehicle can last, at least in order to plan their budget. According to the law, the service life of a car is 10 years; the real figure is often not much higher than the standard.

The service life of a car depends not only on the conditions in which it has to work, but also on the purpose of the car itself. For example, a passenger car will last on average from 10 to 15 years without replacing main parts. Moreover, expensive brands work longer than cheap ones. It is worth noting that domestic cars do not always live up to 8 years, although with regular repairs they can live for many more years. But is this what a car owner dreams of?

As for trucks, their service life is measured slightly differently - in kilometers traveled. These cars are almost always on the move, so this approach is considered more correct. On average, the manufacturer is ready to bear responsibility for detected faults for 300-500 thousand kilometers. This value largely depends on the operating conditions of the truck.

Electronics life

Nowadays every home has its own computer or telephone. Like many other things, they have a lifespan. We have already found out how the average value of this indicator is determined, and we will talk about it. Manufacturers have come up with a huge number of different electronic devices, and their service life can vary greatly. But the average for everyone is about 5 years. Of course, the service life of an electricity meter will differ significantly from the same characteristics for a computer mouse. But in general, electronics last exactly 5 years.

Average service life values:

• personal computer - 5 years;
• laptop - 6-7 years;
• CD - 2-3 years;
• mobile phone - 3 years;
• digital camera - 4-6 years;
• laser printer - 5 years;
• copier - 5-7 years.

Service life of buildings and structures

Capital construction projects are designed to withstand enormous loads for many years - both their own weight and the weight of the equipment and people in it. But exactly how long can they last?

As in any other case, the standard service life of such objects largely depends on their purpose. Let's consider residential buildings. Based on capital, they are divided into 5 groups:

• The first and second include stone buildings with reinforced concrete floors. Their service life is 125-150 years.
• The third group is lightweight brick buildings with stone vaults, reinforced concrete and wooden beams. Service life is about 100 years.
• The fourth and fifth groups include frame buildings. Depending on the structures used, their service life can be 15-30 years.

Public buildings and structures are divided into 9 groups. The latter includes small structures such as sales tents and stalls. Their service life is 10 years. The first group includes the most stable structures built on a metal frame with stone filling. They have the most long term operation - 175 years.

What affects the standard service life of a building?

Of course, how long a particular object should function depends not only on its purpose. Even at the design stage, many factors are taken into account that will subsequently affect its operational suitability. Simply put, they analyze climatic conditions, terrain features, and the possibility of access to structures and elements engineering systems for their replacement and repair, etc.

But whatever the standard set by the engineers, the service life of the constructed building largely depends on the quality of the project. Errors made during calculations may appear after a few years on an already constructed facility, and then a special operational group will have to correct them with the help of design and construction teams.

The first day from which the life of a building begins to be counted is the date of commissioning, and the last day is the moment it is declared unfit for habitation or work. This could be, for example, a document about the emergency condition of a structure.

Standard service life of building elements

As we said above, a construction project consists of a huge number of interconnected parts. The standard service life of many of them is significantly less than that of the building itself. For example, a plank floor should last 40 years, and wooden floors - 60. The same value for a residential building of the second category is 125. This means that during the entire period of operation of the building, the floors in it must be replaced at least 1 time, and the floors - 3. In fact, this is done much less frequently.

It is worth noting that the standard service life of any structural element does not provide for an extension of service life. That is, it already takes into account timely cosmetic repairs, regular application of protective coatings, etc. How often such work should be carried out depends on the materials used in construction. After all, they are in some way the main component of the entire building. The service life of materials, in turn, is affected by their quality, durability, susceptibility to corrosion, etc.

Items that cannot be repaired must be replaced in a timely manner. All this is taken into account at the project stage and serves as justification for the standard service life of the building.

This indicator means the time of economically feasible operation of the building and is a rather conventional concept. In fact, by the end of this period, most of the important components of the building do not exhaust their strength reserves, so they can be safely used for a considerable time.

During operation, ongoing preventive maintenance is constantly carried out (i.e., pre-planned in terms of location, cost and volume), and, if necessary, unforeseen repairs of some systems and structures of the house.

Building structures are exposed not only to force from the load, but also to aggressive influence external environment– various types of corrosion from which the structure must be protected.

With proper repairs, buildings can last much longer, but in the first years after major repairs, the structure must be carefully monitored.

When determining the service life of a structure as a whole, the average standard indicator of failure-free service is taken for its main structural elements - the foundation, self-supporting and load-bearing walls, columns.

Best before date

These indicators are different for different types of residential buildings:

1. Houses of the Soviet period:
   • Pre-war Stalin buildings - 125;
   • “Stalins” of post-war construction -150;
   • "Khrushchev" panel type - 50;
   • Brick 4-5 storey houses - 100;
   • Panel and block 9-16 storeys – 100.
2. Modern buildings:
   • Houses made of brick and monolithic reinforced concrete - 125-150;
   • Panel - 100-120.

At the same time, for panel and block-type structures, building codes do not provide for serious reconstruction work, and therefore an extension of the service life.

Reinforced concrete houses are very sensitive to deadlines overhaul. Those. done at the right time and in the required volumes, it can significantly extend the life of the home. However, if repairs are needed, but for some reason are not carried out, then the buildings begin to rapidly wear out, and after some time the repairs become impractical.

Types of residential apartment buildings

According to the level of capital, residential buildings are classified according to the material used to manufacture the main (non-replacement) elements (foundation, walls/columns) and are divided into 5 groups, each of which has its own service life:

1. 150 years for stone specially capital buildings with stone/ concrete foundations, brick, monolithic and large-block walls and reinforced concrete floors.
2. 125 ice for ordinary stone buildings with stone foundations, brick, large-block and large-panel walls, mixed or reinforced concrete floors, stone on metal beams.
3. 100 years in the case of lightweight stone buildings with stone and concrete foundations, lightweight construction of walls made of brick, cinder blocks, etc., floors made of reinforced concrete, wood or stone on metal beams.
4. 30 years if the buildings are prefabricated panel, frame, adobe, wood-stone foundations, frame walls, wooden floors.
5. 15 years for extremely light residential buildings made of boards and similar low-strength materials.

The service life of individual parts of the building varies depending on the material of manufacture and ranges from:

• Foundation 50-150 years.
• The walls are 50-100 years old.
• Columns 85-100 years old;
• Overlappings 50-100 years.
• Roof 30-100 years.
• Roofing 8-25 years.
• Floors 15 – 60 years.
• Stairs are 30-100 years old.

When exposed to an aggressive external environment, this period is reduced by 2-3 times.

Wear and tear of buildings

Regardless of the class and degree of capital, all buildings are subject to wear and tear over time.

Physical

Physical wear and tear means that, under the influence of natural factors, a building gradually loses some of its original physical properties and characteristics. The specific degree of wear varies depending on the characteristics of the materials, the design of the building, and the features of its location, incl. climatic and operating conditions.

The physical wear and tear of an entire building is generally determined according to the wear and tear of its constituent fragments.

It is determined by visual inspection of the building, methods of monitoring and testing structures using special devices and tools.

Moral

Obsolescence occurs due to the gradual technical development in society and is defined as a discrepancy in functional purpose.

Signs of obsolescence of a building:

1. The layout of the apartments does not meet modern requirements.
2. Engineering equipment systems are outdated.
3. Excessive building and settlement density.
4. Insufficient landscaping and landscaping.

The first type of obsolescence is determined by a decrease in the price of a building in comparison with the time of its construction due to the simplification, and therefore reduction in cost, of the construction process, as well as due to the construction of more modern housing. Accordingly, it is necessary to periodically re-evaluate the housing stock.

The second type determines the obsolescence of the building and its constituent elements relative to those existing on this moment requirements for space-planning, sanitary-hygienic and other solutions, landscaping, landscaping, etc.

Assessment of the condition of a residential building

According to the degree of wear, the condition is understood as:

• Good - less than 10% wear.
• Quite satisfactory - 11-20%.
• Satisfactory - 21-30%.
• Not quite satisfactory - 31-40%.
• Unsatisfactory - 41-60%.
• Dilapidated - 61-80%.
• Unsuitable for life - above 80%.

When making decisions on the demolition of houses in the process of reconstruction and urban development, wear and tear of 70% is taken as the maximum value.

The rate of wear is influenced by:

• quality of materials used for construction;
• frequency and quality of repair work performed;
• operating features;
• feasibility and adequacy of design solutions in the process of major repairs;
• the time during which the building was not used (if there are such periods);
• degree of occupancy.

Procedure

The inspection is divided into:

• General – inspection of the entire building.
• Partial – inspection of specific areas or building systems.
• Extraordinary - after manifestations of the elements that can cause significant damage to the building - rainstorms, hurricanes, snowfalls.

The inspection is performed in the following sequence:

1. Local area, inputs, outputs and yard networks of various communications.
2. Foundation, blind area, basements and equipment located there.
3. Facades, external walls, including balconies, loggias, various decorative and architectural details, precipitation drainage devices.
4. The roof and attic spaces along with the ventilation, sewerage, antennas, etc. that go there.
5. Directly the premises themselves in the building. Load-bearing elements - walls/columns and floors - are examined especially carefully, but attention is paid to all components of the room - windows, doors, partitions, balconies, etc.
6. Sanitary and engineering support systems.

If we are talking about an extraordinary inspection, then the most damaged parts of the building are examined first, so that decisions can be made as quickly as possible to eliminate them, especially if we are talking about damage that is dangerous to life and the safety of property.

The inspection is attended by competent specialists from the organization operating the building or the owners’ association, as well as representatives of local government bodies responsible for this procedure.

During the inspection process, in addition to the specific degree of wear, the remaining service life for a particular element, structure, etc. is predicted. This period may in fact be less or more than the average standard value for a given object.

Based on the results of the inspection, an inspection report is drawn up, according to the samples approved in the given locality, as well as a report on the actual technical condition. The acts are sent to local governments, which already make decisions on repair work, demolition, resettlement, etc.

When controversial situations on the suitability/unsuitability of a building for habitation, the need for repairs, etc., the final decision is made by a majority vote in the commission carrying out the technical inspection.

Major housing repairs in the Russian Federation will not affect all objects. The main significance is technical condition building and period of its service. Against this background, in 2019 the question of the service life of residential buildings is relevant.

Dear readers! The article talks about typical solutions legal issues, but each case is individual. If you want to know how solve exactly your problem- contact a consultant:

APPLICATIONS AND CALLS ARE ACCEPTED 24/7 and 7 days a week.

It's fast and FOR FREE!

The bulk housing stock RF was built in the second half of the last century. Most buildings are in dire need of major repairs.

But there are also those that will “outlive” the current new buildings. What determines the durability of buildings, and what is the service life of residential buildings in 2019?

Basic moments

The life of a residential building is limited in time and is entirely dependent on the frequency of repair work.

On general condition the building does not in any way affect the renovation of a separate apartment. Over time, any house becomes outdated, market price it is decreasing.

But at the same time, the cost increases, since more and more energy resources are spent on maintaining the house due to the wear and tear of the main structures.

At some point, maintaining a home costs more than renting an apartment with good conditions accommodation.

In order to minimize the percentage of defective residential buildings, the Government of the Russian Federation created overhaul and liquidation programs.

Regional projects provide for the resettlement of citizens from dilapidated housing. When classifying residential properties, standard deadlines according to building codes are taken into account.

Essentially, these are warranty periods during which certain structural elements must last.

For example, the heating system in a house needs to be changed after a period of use of 30-40 years. For sewerage and water supply, up to 25 years of service are provided. Wooden structures will last the same amount of time.

The standards provide for major repairs and replacement engineering communications at least once every thirty years.

But it is advisable to carry out selective repair work every fifteen years. It is recommended to replace floors and non-load-bearing walls every fifty years.

But in order to accurately determine when home repairs are needed, you need to know the service life of residential buildings.

What you need to know

The term “useful life” implies a certain period of time during which a building can be used without economic damage.

To put it simply, this is the period during which the structure is guaranteed to last. The service life depends on many factors.

This is the quality of building materials, construction technology, capital of the facility, etc. As for the main parameters, the following are taken into account:

The duration of operational periods can vary from several years to decades. The average service life of a residential building is considered to be twenty-five years.

This value is due to the minimum service life of equipment and individual structures. But the technical condition of the house is still considered the fundamental criterion.

Legal regulation

The concept of service life of residential buildings is inextricably linked with the safe use of buildings.

The safety parameters of construction structures in the Russian Federation are regulated by " Technical regulations..." introduced by order. Compliance with the regulations “List of National Standards...” is ensured.

For example, houses built in the 70s and earlier have a minimum of comfort when compared with modern construction.

The second option of obsolescence implies the aging of its elements and their non-compliance with basic sanitary, construction and other standards. Reconstruction or modernization of the building can solve the problem.

Buying new city ​​apartment, few people are interested in how many years the house will last. In case of countryside real estate it's the other way around. But finding out the answer to the question is not easy. Durability of modern wooden houses mainly depends on the service life of capital structures: foundation and walls. Which may be different.

Projected service life wooden house this is the duration of use of housing until reaching physical wear and tear buildings 40-60%. Subject to maintenance and timely repairs. Calculated by minimum term service of individual non-replaceable (capital) structures. Here and further we consider capital class VI - load-bearing walls made of solid wood. Conventionally, wooden frame "cottages" of economy class and the other extreme - timber made from boards with glue, are not considered.

There is also “obsolescence” of the building, which is difficult to apply to wooden housing construction. It is compensated by the beneficial properties of coniferous wood, excellent sound insulation, always fresh air, a healthy microclimate, and warm walls. The exception is design defects: inconvenient layout and stairs, insufficient floor height; small kitchen and rooms; lack of a bathroom or auxiliary premises on the floor. The service life of a wooden house is affected by the design, foundation, and choice of wall and roofing materials. Quality of construction work.

Foundation and walls. Life time

• reinforced tape, USP (slab), driven reinforced concrete piles 100 years
• columnar foundation, screw piles 50 years

• brick wall (2.5 bricks) plastered 100 years
• hand-cut log house, debarked (Skobel, Hydroshock technology) + grinding 75 years
• hand-cut log house planed + polishing 67 years
• hand-cut log house planed 60 years
• timber, rounded log 35-45 years

The indicated service life of wooden houses in different materials are given based on experience, accumulated statistics, and a survey of real owners. After consultation with independent experts and subject matter experts. Key indicator - durability is directly dependent on the degree of intervention in the original structure of the tree. The less is removed from the trunk during production, the longer the house will last. Adjusted for acceptable wall thickness. The thin diameter of the log and the small size of the timber can greatly reduce the service life of the walls.

The brick version tops the list for comparison as a standard. This is the most durable and beautiful non-natural wall material in its niche. By analogy with wood, it has its own block and panel alternatives. Which in all respects are inferior to sand-lime brick. For reference: the price of brick construction (foundation, walls) is 1.7-2 times higher than natural material (solid wood).

Secondary (replaceable materials). Service life.

• reinforced concrete floors 100 years
• wooden floors up to 50 years
• plank floors 20-30 years
• insulation (mineral wool), hydro-windproof and vapor barrier membranes 20-30 years
• wooden rafters, counter-lattice, lathing up to 50 years

• metal tiles 15-25 years
• soft tiles 25-35 years
• natural tiles 70-80 years

The approximate service life of the roofing material can be determined by multiplying the manufacturer's warranty period by 2. If this is a proven imported analogue, then 3. There is also an interesting option - composite tiles with basalt or slate chips (like expensive soft roofing), the price and service life are comparable to them. Conventional metal tiles differ in color, sheet thickness, and protective layer. Otherwise - an inexpensive copy of the traditional Finnish natural Monterrey.

The above is true subject to the quality of roofing materials and installation. A cold attic with cuckoos, compared to an insulated attic, adds 10-20 years to the service life of wooden houses in the roof part without problems.

During the entire service life of a wooden house, solid wood will require maintenance. A residential building made of natural material is in good condition as long as a person lives in it. Monitoring the service life of wooden houses allows us to draw an unambiguous conclusion: repair and restoration measures subsequently cost more than the difference between cheap and high-quality building materials at the initial stage of work.

1. Major renovation. For it, two conditions must be met: the technical feasibility of the repair and its feasibility. Repairs can be carried out if the building has a safety margin and there are no serious risks for its occupants.
2. Demolition. A building recognized as unsafe and potentially dangerous is subject to demolition.

A person rarely thinks that his home will one day be demolished. The native corner seems eternal and unshakable. But everything has its time, just like residential buildings, which sooner or later will turn into a pile of ruins. In their place, a new building will rise into which other people will move in, and a new cycle of urban life will begin.

What are the service life of buildings and structures?

• Walls and foundation: 100 - 150 years;
• Floors made of various materials: 70 - 150 years;
• Staircase structures: 80 - 100 years;
• Floor coverings: 80 - 100 years;
• Internal non-load-bearing foundations: 40 - 150 years;
• Load-bearing elements of various building structures: 100 - 150 years;
• Roofing coverings: 10 – 80 years;
• Door and window structures: 20 - 30 years;
• Sewage system: 30 years;
• Heating and ventilation systems: 30 years;
• Gas installations: 20 years;
• Freight elevators without a conductor: 20 years.
• Service life of interior and exterior finishing of buildings:
• External cladding of buildings: 125 years;
• Tiling: 60 - 75 years;
• Internal cladding of buildings: 40 years;
• Painting of structures: 20 – 45 years.

Building structures with walls two bricks thick and horizontal building elements (so-called floors) made of concrete have a service life of up to 125 years. Wooden buildings with walls made of large blocks or slabs have a similar service life.

Standard and actual service life of buildings

For trouble-free use of the building, it is necessary to periodically replace (or restore) some structural elements and systems of engineering equipment (for example, floors, wooden floors, water supply systems, etc.). Compliance with the rules of technical operation decisively determines the fulfillment of the standard service life of structural elements and the building as a whole. For example, a steel roof is designed to last 15 years, provided that it is painted every 3-5 years. Violation of this rule shortens the service life of a steel roof by half.

Wear and tear of buildings and structures means that individual structures, equipment and the building as a whole gradually lose their original qualities and strength. Determining the service life of structural elements is a very difficult task, since the result depends on large quantity factors contributing to wear. Therefore, the standard service life of buildings depends on the material of the main structures and is averaged. The current standards (Tables 1 and 2) provide for a different number of capital groups for industrial (4 classes), public (9 groups) and residential buildings (6 groups).

Lifespan of residential buildings - types and procedure

1. Houses of the Soviet period:
   • Pre-war Stalin buildings - 125;
   • “Stalins” of post-war construction -150;
   • "Khrushchev" panel type - 50;
   • Brick 4-5 storey houses - 100;
   • Panel and block 9-16 storeys – 100.
2. Modern buildings:
   • Houses made of brick and monolithic reinforced concrete - 125-150;
   • Panel - 100-120.

1. 150 years for especially capital stone buildings with stone/concrete foundations, brick, monolithic and large-block walls and reinforced concrete floors.
2. 125 ice for ordinary stone buildings with stone foundations, brick, large-block and large-panel walls, mixed or reinforced concrete floors, stone on metal beams.
3. 100 years in the case of lightweight stone buildings with stone and concrete foundations, lightweight construction of walls made of brick, cinder blocks, etc., floors made of reinforced concrete, wood or stone on metal beams.
4. 30 years if the buildings are prefabricated panel, frame, adobe, wood-stone foundations, frame walls, wooden floors.
5. 15 years for extremely light residential buildings made of boards and similar low-strength materials.

Private house projects

2.3. Durability of the building, i.e. the ability to maintain strength and stability for a long time is determined by the durability of its main structures. It depends on the resistance of the materials from which the structures are made to various physical and chemical influences, on the quality of construction and installation work during the construction of a building and, to a large extent, on the conditions of their operation.
2.4. Any building is erected in such a way that it maintains all the parameters provided for by the project during a given service life.
2.5. The property of buildings to maintain the parameters embedded in them within certain limits is called the reliability of buildings.

The maximum physical wear and tear of a building according to the “Regulations on the procedure for resolving issues regarding the demolition of residential buildings during the reconstruction and development of cities,” approved by the USSR State Construction Committee, is 70%. Such buildings are subject to demolition due to dilapidation. The main factors influencing the time it takes for a building to reach its maximum permissible physical wear and tear are:

4.35. In women's restrooms for those working in a public building, for artists and staff of the spectator or club complex, in dormitories educational institutions, dormitory buildings of boarding schools are additionally provided with a hygienic shower, bidet or other hygienic equipment. It should be placed in the same stall together with the toilet.

6.3. The floor area of ​​a building or fire compartment of public buildings of all functional fire hazard classes, except for classes F3.1, F3.5 and other specially specified cases, should be taken depending on the degree of fire resistance and the class of structural fire hazard according to Table 6.2.

Standard service life of buildings and structures SNP

Practical engineering calculations for durability do not yet exist; in connection with this, the degree of durability of structures indicated in the build. norms and rules, are conditional and used ch. arr. for economical assumptions (1st degree - service life more than 100 years; 2nd - more than 50 years; 3rd - more than 20 years).

In the last period of operation of a building that has served for many years, i.e., when its structures have worn out significantly and the materials included in their composition have partially collapsed, the rate of wear of the structures increases again, which can lead to accidents if the buildings are without constant technical support. supervision.

Standard service life of buildings and structures SNP

The degree of material wear and tear of a building and its individual parts depends on the physical properties of the materials used in its construction, on the nature and geometric dimensions of the structures, the location of the building on the ground and operating conditions.

Public buildings are divided into nine based on their capital size and depending on the material used for walls and ceilings.
I - especially capital buildings with reinforced concrete or metal frames, filled with stone materials; service life - 175 years;
II - capital buildings with walls made of piece stones or large blocks, columns or pillars made of reinforced concrete or brick, ceilings made of reinforced concrete or stone, vaults on metal beams; service life - 150 years;
III - buildings with walls made of piece stones or large blocks, columns and pillars of reinforced concrete or brick, wooden floors; service life - 125 years;
IV - buildings with lightweight masonry walls, reinforced concrete or brick columns and pillars, wooden floors; service life - 100 years;
V - buildings with lightweight masonry walls, brick or wooden columns and pillars, wooden floors; service life - 80 years;
VI - wooden buildings with log or cobblestone walls; service life - 50 years;
VII - wooden, frame and panel buildings; service life - 25 years;
VIII - reed and other lightweight buildings (wooden telephone booths, etc.); service life - 15 years;
IX - tents, pavilions, stalls and other lightweight buildings trade organizations; service life -> 10 years.

Lifespan of buildings

Foundations of low-rise buildings and the main reasons for their high cost. Strip foundations residential and public buildings with a basement. Kinds building materials For low-rise construction. Types of building construction. Comparison of economic efficiency.

Description of the principles and rules for the reconstruction and restoration of existing stone buildings to ensure their structural reliability and durability. Traditional methods restoration and strengthening of individual structural elements of masonry buildings.

RD 06-565-03

3. Technical characteristics: memory capacity of the electronic unit - 120,000 measurements; measured surface - 4000 m2; rated current - 180 µA; frequency - 72 Hz; total resistance - 10 MOhm; operating life of a non-volatile power source - 30 hours; operating temperature range - from -10 to +60 °C

Guidelines on the procedure for extending the service life of technical devices, buildings and structures with an expired standard service life in the mining industry are published in " Rossiyskaya newspaper» dated June 21, 2003, No. 120/1, and come into force on July 1, 2003.

27 Jun 2018 3597