Traditionally, in December we sum up the results of the year and plan the next one. Let's not forget about finances. Let's put things in order, get rid of unnecessary things and outline the future - what needs to be done in time so as not to be dragged into New Year old tails.

1. Strike a balance

Remember how Vronsky in Anna Karenina once a year sat down with checks and papers, put his finances in order and dealt with debts. We will do the same.

• Count all the money. How much do you have in your accounts, how much cash, how much money do you have? bank deposits and in investments, if any.
• Make a list of assets. An apartment, a car, a dacha - all large property. How much does it cost? If you had to sell now, how much money would you really get?
• Make a list of debts. By credit cards, mortgage, car loan, debts to relatives and friends.

It helps to take an honest look at the big picture to understand where you are now and where to go.

2. Calculate how much you are worth

You can also calculate your net worth (Net Worth). This criterion is used to evaluate financial stability companies, but is perfectly applicable to family and personal budgets. How to do it? Net Worth calculated by the formula:

net worth = your assets – your debts.

For example, you have:

• apartment in Moscow, with current market value 5.2 million;
• $500 in the nightstand;
• 80 thousand on deposit;
• 150 thousand in bank accounts.

All the best to 5,460,000 rubles.

Now the debts:

• balance of mortgage debt with interest – 3 million;
• credit card debt – 45 thousand;
• rent arrears – 15 thousand.

Total for 3,060,000 rubles.

Net value = 5,460,000 – 3,060,000 = 2,400,000 rubles.

How to use this indicator:

• Do not take out loans that exceed your ability to pay. With a balance of 2 million, you shouldn’t take out a million and a half million on credit for repairs and also borrow from friends to upgrade your car. Strive to stay in the black.
• Track this indicator from year to year, observing positive dynamics.

3. Pay taxes and fines

Taxes

Tax notices for 2017 were due in the mail by December of this year. And they had to be paid by the 3rd. But I still haven’t received my notifications. And considering that I changed my registration last year, I can wait a long time for them.

How to do without a receipt:

• Accrued taxes are visible in personal account on nalog.ru (if you have verified access) or on “Government Services” in the “ Tax debt" You can also pay for them there.
• Late fees tax payments quite small, but why spoil karma? Let's walk into the new year without the burden of debt on our shoulders.

Traffic police fines

I'm checking in mobile application“RosFines” and pay immediately while the 50% discount is valid.

It happens that the fine is lost, so I additionally check with State Services.

And at the same time, I’m checking the bailiffs’ website: enter your Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) and see if you have any cases against you regarding debts.

Let me remind you that if you have debts of more than 30 thousand, you may not be allowed to leave the country for the New Year holidays.

4. Review tariffs

Cellular communications, Internet, television - tariffs often change, new ones appear, more and more profitable. Our needs also change. Let's say Lately I write and call over the Internet more and more often, and rarely use cell minutes.

Last year, a revision of my cellular tariff saved me 1,500 per month (500 rubles instead of 2,000!). And now I’ll choose a tariff for 300 rubles. The difference in money may not be fundamental, but why pay more?

5. Review bank cards

• Maybe there are better conditions? We're talking about cashback, bonuses, interest on the balance.
• Maybe there are unnecessary cards?
• Or inappropriate service levels?
• Or maybe you should finally close your credit card?

I closed the old one salary card. She was hanging out in her wallet out of habit.

Still refused premium card another bank. I realized that I didn’t really use the privileges, and servicing a regular card would be cheaper.

There is a convenient service for selecting a card on banki.ru: you set the parameters, the service looks for offers. Just please read all the fine print conditions carefully.

6. Extend auto payments, customize templates

To be honest, I don't use autopay. Oops. I don’t like it when money is written off without my participation. And the amounts are different every month. But I have templates set up for all recurring payments, and payment takes 5 minutes.

My templates: rent, electricity, kindergarten and clubs, cellular, Internet + TV, contributions to savings and investment accounts.

You can set up templates or payments in your bank’s personal account.

7. Plan for income growth

Why not. My plan is to grow by 30% by this year. Which figure suits you? Try it on.

What to do to increase income

• The simplest thing is to organize a salary increase. Assess where you are now and how much specialists of your level cost. Sometimes just searching

The question of what to do with money in 2019 is of interest not only to business entities and investors, but also to ordinary citizens who do not want their savings to be eaten up by inflation. At the same time, some owners of free financial resources plan to just save their money, and the other category individuals is actively searching for various commercial projects to increase his capital. In this article you will find practical recommendations, how best to manage your savings so that they do not lie “under the mattress”, gradually losing their real value, but bring profit to their owners. This information will be useful for anyone interested in the profitable placement of free capital. After reading the article, you will be able to independently choose a promising investment option this year, learn how to protect money from inflation and why bank deposits often do not bring profit at all.

What to do with money in 2019 - basic principles of investing

For a detailed analysis of the question of what to do with money in order not only to protect it from inflation, but also to increase the size of your own savings, it is necessary to study the principles of investment, which are universal in nature and are relevant for any sector of the economy.

Increase your capital gradually, start investment activities with small amount. If the project is successful, repeat the operation, but you don’t need to invest all your money in one thing. Make your own reserve fund so that in case of loss of your investment you have the opportunity to take part in another commercial project.

Use your money wisely. Don't skimp on life necessary goods and services, but always think carefully about purchasing expensive items.

Class investment activities This is only possible if you have available funds. This means that you have savings and everything you need for a normal life. Only in this case can you think about how to increase equity. You shouldn’t invest your free money in a promising commercial project when your child’s last shoes are torn. In addition, do not forget about the “financial cushion”; it should help you get through difficult times without losses. The amount of the “cushion” is equal to your family’s two-month budget.

The choice of the optimal project, which will allow you to earn good money with minimal risk of losing everything, should be done calmly, without haste, with the obligatory study of alternative areas of investment.

When investing, carefully plan where and how much money you will invest. It is advisable to always have spare commercial projects in case you have free funds.

Diversify your investments; you don’t need to invest all your money in one project. Even the most reliable companies can go bankrupt or be on the brink of survival for a long time. If all your savings were invested in such a company, you too will find yourself in an unenviable position, and investors who distributed their savings between different commercial projects, will be insured against such force majeure events.

Many novice investors, after their first successful operations, may have a desire to spend their profits on some expensive item. Don't do this, send the money you earn to others investment projects. Ideally, you need to reach a level where there is a sufficiently large amount in circulation that brings a stable and high income. In this case, you can make expensive purchases without negative consequences for your business.

If you decide to engage in investment activities, remember one of the most important rules of this business - you need to invest money only in those areas of entrepreneurial activity in which you are well versed. This will allow you to independently determine possible risks and prospects for the development of the object of interest.

Analysis of promising areas for investment activities

Many readers who have never been interested in economics believe that there is no need to come up with any investment schemes; it is enough to put money on bank deposit and calmly receive your interest. Unfortunately, it's not that simple. If you have signed an agreement with a representative of a financial institution to open a deposit for a certain period (one, two or five), you will not be able to withdraw your money early, and if this moment provided for in the contract, then you will be given the money, but without the interest earned (the type of “punishment” is indicated in the contract).

But even if you comply with all the conditions of cooperation with the bank, you will earn pennies or simply cover inflation. That is, a bank deposit is good way save your money, but it doesn't allow you to earn anything.

Do not invest in one bank an amount that exceeds 1 million 400 thousand rubles. In the event of bankruptcy of a financial institution, you will receive your money back, but not more than the specified amount. Conclusion - a bank deposit allows you to save your savings, the risk of losing money is almost always zero, but this option is not suitable for those who decide to earn money using their own capital.

Today, almost all citizens of the Russian Federation know that keeping their money at home is not profitable. For example, remember how many different things you could buy five years ago with half a million rubles, but in 2019 you can’t buy even 50% (of 2012 purchases) with that money. The economic crisis and inflation hit hard national currency. Economists advise keeping only money at home for unexpected expenses (job loss, illness, car breakdown, etc.).

Many readers are interested in what to do with money during devaluation so as not to lose their savings. The easiest way is to purchase the world's major currencies. By the way, currency transactions are a popular business all over the world, if you understand at least a little about this topic, then you can make this activity the main source of financial resources. As for the prospects for this year, even well-known analysts do not give accurate forecasts.

In the near future, it makes sense to monitor the “behavior” of the cost of precious metals. If you buy gold, platinum, etc. this year, then in a year and a half you will be able to sell them and earn good money. The main disadvantage of the presented method is the need to wait for the right moment when the cost of precious metals rises significantly. Sometimes this period drags on for a year or two. If you have never done precious metals, then pay attention to the next point. Gold can be purchased in bullion, modern jewelry, and antiques.

You can invest your free money either in gold bars or in antiques (the latter option is doubly interesting). Jewelry made of precious metal is of no interest; you will buy it as a product (the price includes the work of the master), and you can only sell it as scrap. In order to make money on such operations, you need to wait for gold to rise in price two to three times, and this (if you take the real value in rubles) is almost unrealistic.

Purchasing real estate as an option for rational use of available resources Money, refers to promising investments. But this is if we consider the issue in general, without going into details. In fact, you need to analyze each individual case. For example, an apartment in a building where the roof has not been repaired for a long time, the water and sewer pipes are in disrepair, and the neighbors are not decent citizens is unlikely to be in demand. Sell this object real estate will last a very long time, and you won’t be able to make normal money on it.

In addition, in order to accurately assess the prospects for investment in apartments, it is necessary to conduct a detailed analysis:

condition of the house;

infrastructure facilities;

transport.

Before you buy an apartment, you need to track the dynamics of price changes for similar properties over the past five years. One of the options for earning additional income is renting out an apartment. A good type of passive income, but only if you find normal tenants.

Organizing and developing your business, with the right approach, can be the best use of available funds. In this case, you must adhere to certain rules. For example, you need to create a company in an industry that you know well; you cannot start entrepreneurial activity without conducting detailed marketing research, etc.

An incorrect assessment of the market situation can cause the loss of all your savings. And most importantly, a business will be successful if you work hard and persistently; the stereotype that businessmen only spend money, to put it mildly, does not correspond real situation of things.

If you are interested in the question of what to do with money now, we can recommend purchasing securities. But even in this case, certain skills and knowledge are required. It is necessary to understand how specialists in this industry work and be able to make cost forecasts valuable papers based on political and economic news, have good intuition, and also have perfect knowledge of the definitions, characteristics and functions of all securities existing in the market. If you do not have the appropriate education, take the help of mutual funds.

Buying antiques is of interest only to specialists. This method of using free funds can end very badly - instead of a painting by a famous artist who lived three hundred years ago, you can buy a fake that was made a week ago in the basement of a neighboring house (this usually happens with amateurs).

If the above methods of rational use of free money do not interest you, invite your friends to take out a loan on mutually beneficial terms. Important point! Even if you lend money to good friends, be sure to formalize this transaction with a notary. Do not hesitate to make such offers, otherwise you may lose your money, and without documents no one will prove that you provided a loan to someone.

The presented article will be incomplete if we do not pay attention to the Internet, which today is an integral part of the lives of many citizens of our country.

On the Internet you can:

• Buy a wide variety of accounts, develop them, and then sell them. For example, a freelancer’s account on one of the well-known exchanges (age 6 months, 2-3 positive feedback) costs about 20 dollars, in a year and a half it will cost 100 dollars, and if you manage to get another 4-6 positive reviews - 150 dollars. The main disadvantages are that you have to wait a long time and you need to act very carefully and carefully. Each profile must be “linked” to a separate email, do not leave any advertisements that site moderators can use to identify you, etc.
• You can also organize your own business online or come up with something new and original. You can invest money in creating a web resource, take part in interesting project, create a universal exchange for exchanging game currencies, etc.

There are also highly profitable internet projects(most of them work on the principle financial pyramids), which involve a lot of risk, but usually the one who is among the first participants earns good money.

To summarize, we can say that if you don’t know what to do with free money in 2019, first assess your potential, decide what goal you are pursuing (save money or increase your savings), and then, based on the listed options, choose the most promising direction activities.

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First behavior model: man spends everything. On the one hand, with this approach you don’t have to control yourself - you go with the flow and don’t deny yourself anything.

ON THIS TOPIC

By spending money, you buy various goods (equipment, clothes, shoes, restaurants, taxis, vacations, etc.) for a comfortable life. All this gives positive emotions, the feeling “I can do everything, everything is available to me.” Creates a positive life attitude.

But there is also back side this approach to money. Any crisis or force majeure situation will negatively affect life: no one can guarantee that a person will always earn good money, that he will not lose his job, that his salary will not be cut, that the business will remain profitable.

In this situation, the family is on the verge of survival, since there is no “safety cushion” formed based on the formula: monthly expenses multiplied by six months. The "airbag" must be kept in a reliable bank (top ten), on deposit - necessarily with replenishment and partial withdrawal.

Now let's look at another option, when a person decides to save money. Of course, he has to limit himself in some ways, to be financially disciplined (which does not at all mean to be stingy). Some purchases can be postponed until you have earned (or saved) enough money, especially since it often turns out that what you really liked yesterday is no longer needed at all today.

Gradually, a person gets used to the idea of ​​​​the need to plan his expenses, begins to devote time to this issue, and, in the end, this model of behavior becomes a habit.

Over time, accumulated assets increase. Allows you to create pension capital and receive passive income. To do this, you need to calculate the required amount and develop a strategy for accumulating it - this is the biggest and most expensive goal. But there is a feeling of reliability, confidence in the future.

It turns out that option with accumulation of funds is profitable. You should not deviate from the right path, even referring to the difficult financial position, instability in the country.

On the contrary, it is better to view the crisis as a period of new opportunities. This is the time when you need to continue investing. But you need to have a clear idea of ​​what to do.

1. Don't keep all your assets in one place. Divide savings into dollars, euros and rubles.

2. Diversify (don’t put all your eggs in one basket): by asset type ( stock market, real estate), by industry, currency.

3. Follow downward and upward trends. Buy on a decline or the beginning of an uptrend. But this takes time and professional knowledge.

4. Start/continue investing regularly using an averaging strategy. The latter involves purchasing an asset (such as stocks, mutual funds, currency, etc.) at regular intervals (such as a month) and for equal amounts. In this case, there is no task to guess where the trend will go - up or down, since with the averaging tactic, the cost of the asset tends to the minimum due to averaging. This strategy allows you to avoid investing all your money when prices are at their peak, but you continue to invest when the markets have crashed. The main thing in this strategy is discipline.

5. Set yourself up for a long-term investment period. As a rule, the media provide a short-term overview of the market (week, month). During a crisis, there is a lot of negative information: markets are falling, oil prices are falling too, the ruble is depreciating. Remove the unnecessary noise, study the history of assets over 10, 15, 25, 40-year periods and see that after a crisis there is always growth. As it was after 2009. After winter comes spring. This is the law of nature and life.

6. In a crisis, the best thing is to make a personal financial plan and continue investing.

In a situation where taxes are rising, gasoline is becoming more expensive, and even the retirement age is increasing, it is a sin not to take advantage of the opportunity to legally receive money from the state literally out of thin air.

If you don't pay taxes, forget about the deduction

Everyone has heard about tax deductions. But few use them, mistakenly considering the task to be labor-intensive and the game not worth the candle. Actually get it now tax deduction very simple, but the amounts in the end can be significant. But you need to remember that the main and indispensable condition for receiving a tax deduction is having a white salary: if you do not pay personal income tax, then you have nothing to return. The tax deduction is not the amount you receive in your hands. This is the amount on which income tax (13%) can be refunded.

There are two ways to apply for a deduction: through the employer and directly from the tax office. In any case, you need to submit a declaration of income and attach documents confirming the expenses for which deductions are due, as well as a 2-NDFL certificate from work. In the first case, the tax authorities’ decision on payment (you will have to wait three months for it) must be taken to the employer, who will return the amount due to you in installments (every month until the amount is chosen).

The second way is to receive the entire amount directly from the tax office, for which you need to attach an application for deduction to the above documents. Payment will not occur immediately and may be in installments. But, most likely, faster than through the employer. You can submit an application by attaching scans of documents in your personal account on the tax website or through the State Services website. You can apply for deductions not only for the past year, but also for the previous three years.

So, 10 ways to honestly take money from the state.

Method 1. Housing. Amount - up to 390 thousand rubles

The largest tax deduction can be obtained when purchasing or constructing housing, including with the help of credit funds(if not involved maternal capital). You can get a deduction from an amount of up to 2 million rubles (you can return up to 260 thousand rubles of taxes paid) when purchasing an apartment, house, room and share in them. You can receive a tax deduction for the same amount on the costs of construction and decoration/repair of housing, as well as when purchasing land plot for housing construction. Moreover, this amount may include not one, but several real estate objects.

You can also get a deduction for interest expenses on mortgage loans for the purchase of housing or targeted loans(loans) for housing construction, as well as to repay interest on loans to refinance a previous loan for housing construction or purchase of housing. When purchasing on credit, the tax deduction ceiling is 1.5 times higher - up to 3 million rubles. 13% of this amount will be 390 thousand rubles - this is maximum amount which you can get back.

It’s rare that anyone pays that amount in a year. income tax. And you can only return the amount that was paid to the budget in the current period. Therefore, you can return the tax when purchasing real estate or construction for several years - until you return the entire amount due to you.

Method 2. IIS. Amount - up to 104 thousand rubles

A very significant tax deduction can be obtained from the amount deposited into an individual investment account (IIA). Moreover, there is no need to invest this amount (and therefore spend money on commissions). You just need to deposit it into your account. The deduction amount is greater than for other types of investment - up to 400 thousand rubles (you can get 13% from 400 thousand - up to 52 thousand). But there is one caveat: the IIS must be open for at least three years, the deduction can be received every year - the next after you deposit the funds. And if you don’t want to keep money in an IIS for three years, you can deposit funds directly into last month of the third year and in the first month of the fourth, after which close the account and withdraw all funds. And after calendar year apply for a deduction - in just two years you will receive 104 thousand rubles.

In addition, if you nevertheless decide to invest funds and receive income, it can be completely exempt from tax.

Method 3. Life insurance. Amount - up to 15,600 rubles

Any life insurance programs - both savings (NSH) and investment (ILI) - allow you to receive a tax refund in the amount of 13% of the amount up to 120 thousand rubles per year, that is, up to 15,600 rubles. Programs with regular contributions (usually in accumulative insurance life) in terms of tax deduction is more profitable than with a one-time contribution (most ILI agreements). In the latter case, you can only claim a tax refund in the amount of up to 15,600 rubles once during the contract period (3-7 years). If the contributions are regular (once a year, once a quarter, etc.), you can receive such a deduction every year.

Method 4. Non-state pension. Amount - up to 15,600 rubles

Investing in any pension programs - and in non-state pension fund, and in an insurance company - gives the right to a tax deduction of up to 120 thousand rubles per year. Therefore, you can get a refund of up to 15,600 rubles (13% of the deduction). The situation with one-time and regular contributions is similar to that described above in life insurance.

Method 5. Education. Amount - up to 15,600 rubles

You can receive a deduction for education fees not only for yourself, but also for your children, brothers and sisters. Moreover, you can return part of the money for training not only at a university or technical school, but also at a driving school, cutting and sewing courses, at a ballroom dancing school and others educational institutions. If you pay for your education, you can study full-time, part-time, evening, or distance learning. For children, brothers and sisters, the deduction is valid only until the student is 24 years old and in full-time education, but everything is included: from kindergarten to university.

The maximum deduction amount is 120 thousand rubles, the maximum refund is 15,600 rubles. The same limit on the amount when paying for the education of brothers and sisters, but the maximum amount per child is 50 thousand (you can return only 6,500 rubles). A prerequisite is that the agreement and payments be in your name (or a power of attorney for the transfer of funds has been issued).

If you receive a social tax deduction for training through your employer, you do not need to wait until the end of the calendar year.

Method 6. Treatment. Amount - up to 15,600 rubles

You can receive a deduction from an amount of up to 120 thousand rubles for treatment, including spa and dentistry, as well as for medicines for yourself, your spouse, children under 18 years of age and parents. Paid medical services and medications must be included in the appropriate lists. To receive a deduction, you must provide a prescription from a doctor for medications, an agreement with medical institution for the provision of services and a copy of his license. Copies of payment documents are not needed, a payment certificate is sufficient: it is used as a document confirming actual expenses taxpayer.

Method 7. Expensive treatment. Amount - no limit

If medical services are included in the list of expensive treatment (various surgical operations, endoprosthetics, reconstructive operations on joints, transplantation of organs, tissues and bone marrow, implantation of prostheses, metal structures, pacemakers and electrodes, treatment of complex burns, treatment of cancer and pancreatic diseases , as well as complex forms of diabetes, nursing premature babies weighing up to 1.5 kg, IVF), then there are no restrictions on the amount of deduction - you can receive an income tax refund on the entire cost of treatment.

Method 8. Voluntary health insurance (VHI). Amount - up to 15,600 rubles

You can also get a deduction from the amount you paid for a VHI policy for yourself, your spouse, parents or children under 18 years of age if you pay for it yourself and not your employer. The amount of the tax deduction also cannot exceed 120 thousand rubles, but in most cases an annual VHI policy is cheaper.

Method 9. Child. Amount - from 1,400 to 12,000 rubles

Once a year, parents, their spouses, adoptive parents, guardians, trustees can apply for a tax deduction for a child - 1,400 rubles for the first and second, 3,000 rubles for the third and subsequent ones. Typically, such a deduction is issued through the employer.

For disabled children (if the child is a full-time student, graduate student, resident, intern - up to 24 years old), the deduction can be up to 12 thousand rubles.

Method 10. Charity. Amount - no restrictions

By acting as a philanthropist or helping sick children, you can also receive a tax deduction - provided that you officially transferred the money to a charitable foundation, religious organization, socially oriented non-profit organization or NPO working in the field of culture, healthcare, etc. You can return the amount within the amount paid personal income tax for the year, but not more than 13% (personal income tax) of a quarter of your annual income.

Total

Now imagine that you have three children, you bought an apartment with a mortgage, own funds put it into an individual investment account, which was opened three years ago (it can already be closed), and also bought either a savings or investment life insurance policy, or invested in a voluntary pension insurance and bought VHI policies for the whole family. In this case, you can receive a tax deduction of up to 479,000 rubles. If, of course, you paid that amount of income tax for the year.