45. Legal regulation deposit insurance individuals in banks of the Russian Federation Deposit insurance must be considered as a type of compulsory insurance aimed at protecting the savings of the population placed in banking sector. From point of view

46. ​​Deposit insurance system

46. ​​Deposit insurance system The main principles of the deposit insurance system are: 1) mandatory participation of banks in the deposit insurance system, i.e. if a bank carries out transactions with citizens’ funds, then it must be a participant in the deposit insurance system

Nowadays, rarely does anyone keep their savings at home in a closet or under the mattress. Now almost all people prefer to open deposits in one bank or another, trusting it with their cash A. But is this method of storing savings reliable? After all, everyone knows that any bank, being a commercial organization, can go bankrupt and disappear at any moment! What should investors do in this case? How to protect your deposits?

Deposit insurance system for individuals: main points

In fact, our state ensures at the proper level that banks strictly fulfill their obligations to depositors. To ensure that bank clients who have opened a deposit and entrusted their money to it for safekeeping can sleep peacefully, there is a specially designed one. Thanks to it, any citizen of the Russian Federation, when opening a deposit, can be sure that he will be insured. Even if suddenly the bank where the client’s savings are kept goes bankrupt, the depositor will certainly get his money back.

Some people, especially older people, believe that it is better to keep their money at home. Is it correct? In fact, this opinion is wrong. Firstly, no one is safe from robbery. More and more often we hear about scammers who rob the apartments of elderly people. And secondly, do not forget about inflation. These days, food prices are rising at an incredible rate, but the cash hidden under the pillow, alas, is not. Concerning bank deposit, then interest is accrued here, which does not allow the value of the client’s savings to decrease.

How does the deposit insurance system for individuals work?

So, let’s take a closer look at this system, which allows depositors not to worry about their savings stored in the bank. It was developed by the state and is under the careful control of the legislative bodies of the Russian Federation. This system approved by Federal Law No. 177-FZ (2003). According to this law, deposits of a Russian citizen opened in a bank must be subject to insurance.

As for the deposit insurance amount, it tends to change periodically. It is also established by the legislative bodies of the Russian Federation. For example, at the end of 2014, the amount of compulsory insurance of citizens’ deposits was determined - 1,400,000 rubles. Federal Law No. 451-FZ on increasing the amount of deposit insurance was adopted on December 29, 2014.

What is the essence of the system? Let's say that the bank in which an individual opened a deposit suddenly went bankrupt or lost its license. So, thanks to the insurance system, the citizen will receive a 100% refund. If his deposit exceeded 1,400,000 rubles, then only 1,400,000 will be reimbursed. Such investors are advised to open several deposits at once so that their amounts do not exceed the specified seven-digit number.

Do all banks participate in the deposit insurance system?

How can you find out which banks operate under the deposit insurance system? It's quite easy to do! In order to carry out its activities, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation, a bank must have a license. You can find out about its availability at a particular bank on the website Central Bank Russian Federation. If a bank has a license, it means it is a participant in the deposit insurance system. This is certainly connected, since the bank will receive a license if it operates according to this system.

In addition, depositors do not need to sign any additional agreements to insure their deposits. Citizens' funds stored in a bank are already insured.

Mandatory deposit insurance

In our state, insurance of citizens' deposits is mandatory for all operating banks that have received a license. If the license is revoked, investors must be paid back no later than two weeks later.

Of course, in order to pay compensation to investors, fairly large amounts of money are needed. Where do they come from? It's simple: banks that are participants in the deposit insurance system pay their insurance premiums quarterly. This money goes to individual fund Deposit insurance agencies.

It is worth noting that the amount of deposit insurance for citizens of the Russian Federation is gradually increasing. So, in 2007 it was equal to 400,000 rubles. In 2008 - 700,000 rubles. And so, by 2015, it began to equal 1,400,000 rubles. This insurance amount will compensate for lost funds in in full almost all investors.

Voluntary insurance of citizens' deposits

Many Russian banks have entered the compulsory deposit insurance system, but not all. What explains this? The whole point is that unscrupulous commercial organizations, thus, may want to profit from their clients' deposits. In practice, there have been cases when some banks suddenly “burst”, and the costs of recovering funds were transferred to the Deposit Insurance Agency. You can easily imagine what huge amounts these are!

That is why there is such a thing as voluntary insurance deposits. Banks that do not participate in the compulsory insurance system must offer this type insurance.

Voluntary deposit insurance is no different from other types of insurance. Here the depositor needs to enter into an additional agreement with the bank to insure his funds. After which, the citizen who has taken out voluntary deposit insurance pays the contributions specified in the agreement to the bank.

What deposits are not subject to compulsory insurance?

Alas, not all citizens can open their deposits under the compulsory insurance system. There are some exceptions. The funds of the following depositors will not be subject to insurance:

• notaries, lawyers, individual entrepreneurs, whose deposits and accounts are aimed at carrying out their professional activity;
• deposits located outside the country in branches of banks of the Russian Federation;
• opening a bearer deposit;
• funds held in trust;
• electronic funds;
• metal bank accounts;
• nominal and collateral accounts.

If you are planning to open a deposit in a bank, then first of all you need to find out whether this bank has a license. To do this, go to the website of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

If you have more than 1,400,000 rubles, open several deposits. Then the money will most likely be refunded in full.

If you suddenly find out that the bank’s license has been revoked or it has gone bankrupt, do not panic. You must immediately, having collected all the documents on the deposit, contact the Deposit Insurance Agency.

If you have an outstanding loan, you should not open a deposit in the same bank where you took out the loan. Most likely, the funds will be debited from the deposit to pay off your debt to the bank.

Compulsory deposit insurance system (CDI)– special Government program, implemented in accordance with the Federal Law of December 23, 2003 No. 177-FZ “On insurance of deposits in banks of the Russian Federation”.

The main objectives of the CER are:

• protection of the rights and legitimate interests of depositors of banks of the Russian Federation;
• strengthening confidence in the banking system of the Russian Federation and stimulating the attraction of funds into banking system Russian Federation.

The State Corporation “Deposit Insurance Agency” (hereinafter referred to as the Agency) was created to ensure the functioning of the DIS and, first of all, to ensure the payment of compensation for deposits in the participating banks of the DIS in the event of an insured event.

Operation of the compulsory deposit insurance system

Participation in the SSV is mandatory for all banks that have the right to work with deposits of individuals. Deposits are considered insured from the day the bank is included in the register of banks participating in the CER. Current list banks participating in the CER is published on the Agency’s official website on the Internet information and telecommunications network

Currently, depositors of 721 (data as of January 24, 2020) banks participating in the deposit insurance system are protected by CERs, including:

• operating banks licensed to work with individuals - 360;
• existing credit institutions that previously accepted deposits but lost the right to attract funds from individuals -6;
• banks in the process of liquidation - 355.

The funds of depositors who have entered into a bank deposit agreement or a bank account agreement with the bank, including deposits certified by savings certificates, are subject to insurance.

In accordance with federal law, depositors include:

• individuals – citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizen, a stateless person;
• individuals - individual entrepreneurs (IP);
• legal entities classified in accordance with legislation of the Russian Federation to small enterprises, information about which is contained in the unified register of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) maintained by the Federal Tax Service of Russia.

The following funds are not insured:

• placed in bank accounts (deposits) of lawyers, notaries and other persons, if such bank accounts (deposits) are opened in connection with professional activities;
• placed in bank deposits, the deposit of which is certified by certificates of deposit;
• transferred to banks in trust management;
• placed on deposit in branches of banks of the Russian Federation located outside the territory of the Russian Federation;
• being electronic money;
• placed on nominal accounts, with the exception of separate nominal accounts that are opened by guardians or trustees for the benefit of wards;
• placed on collateral accounts;
• placed in subordinated deposits;
• placed by legal entities or in their favor, with the exception of funds placed by small enterprises or in their favor.

An insured event is one of the following events:

1) revocation (cancellation) by the Bank of Russia of the bank’s license to exercise banking operations; 2) introduction by the Bank of Russia in accordance with legislation The Russian Federation has a moratorium on satisfying the claims of bank creditors. An insured event is considered to have occurred from the date of revocation (cancellation) of the bank’s license from the Bank of Russia or from the date of the introduction of a moratorium on satisfying the claims of the bank’s creditors.

Informing depositors about the occurrence of an insured event by the Agency

Information about the occurrence of an insured event in relation to a bank is published on the official website of the Bank of Russia and on the official website of the Agency on the Internet, as well as in the media. The Agency, within 5 working days from the date of receipt from the bank in respect of which the insured event occurred, publishes the register of the bank’s obligations to depositors on the Agency’s official website on the Internet and sends it to this bank, as well as to the Bank of Russia for posting on its official website on the Internet information and telecommunications network and in the periodical printed publication at the location of this bank, a message containing information about the place, time, form and procedure for accepting applications from depositors for payment of compensation for deposits. In addition, within 1 month from the date of receipt from the bank of the register of the bank’s obligations to depositors, the Agency also sends a corresponding message to each depositor of this bank, whose data is contained in the register and to whom, as of the date of sending this message, the bank has obligations on deposits.

The investor can receive all this information by phone hotline Agencies (8-800-200-08-05) (calls within Russia are free).

The depositor can also subscribe to news about the bank he is interested in on the Agency’s official website on the Internet. In this case, the depositor is automatically sent news posted on the Agency’s website in the “Deposit Insurance/Insured Events” section for this bank to the email address he specified when subscribing.

Size insurance compensation

The amount of compensation payable on deposits is determined based on the amount of the bank's obligations to the depositor insured in accordance with federal law.

Compensation for deposits is paid by the Agency to a bank depositor in the amount of 100 percent of the amount of all his deposits, including interest, but not more than 1.4 million rubles. In total.

For escrow accounts opened for settlements under a purchase and sale transaction real estate and for settlements under the participation agreement in shared construction, maximum size insurance compensation is equal to 10 million rubles. Reimbursement for escrow accounts is calculated and paid separately from reimbursement for other deposits.

Interest is calculated on the date of the insured event based on the terms of each specific bank deposit (account) agreement.

For bank deposits denominated in foreign currency, the amount of compensation is calculated in the currency of the Russian Federation at the rate established by the Bank of Russia on the day the insured event occurred.

The amounts of the bank's counterclaims to the depositor (for example, for a loan taken by the depositor from the same bank) are deducted when calculating the compensation paid by the Agency from the amount of deposits. At the same time, subtracting the amount of counterclaims does not mean their automatic repayment (full or partial). The depositor's obligations to the bank remain the same and must be fulfilled properly in accordance with the terms of the agreements concluded with the bank.

If the depositor repays the debt to the bank in full or in part, the depositor has the right to receive insurance compensation in the appropriate amount. In this case, he can send an application to the bank in free form on making appropriate changes to the register of the bank's obligations to depositors.

Get information about everyone available ways You can repay the loan and pay the loan to a bank whose license to carry out banking operations has been revoked on the Agency’s payment portal: www.payasv.ru.

Payment of insurance compensation

Acceptance of applications from depositors for payment of compensation for deposits and payment of compensation for deposits begin, as a rule, 10–14 calendar days after the occurrence of the insured event. The Agency needs the specified time to receive information from the bank about deposits (register of obligations), verify it and organize payments.

You can apply for payment during the entire period of bank liquidation. On average, the bank liquidation procedure takes about 3 years.

Insurance compensation for depositors who did not have time to apply for payment of insurance compensation is carried out by the Agency upon applications in exceptional cases, for example, in case of serious illness, long-term business trip abroad, or military service.

In order to ensure the fastest possible payment of compensation for deposits, we accept applications from depositors for payment of compensation for deposits (the application form is posted on the Agency’s official website on the Internet) and other necessary documents, as well as the payment of compensation itself, can be carried out by the Agency through agent banks acting on its behalf and at its expense.

The selection of agent banks is carried out on a competitive basis. The announcement of the results of the selection of agent banks is posted on the Agency’s official website on the Internet no later than 7 days after the occurrence of the insured event.

Payment of compensation for deposits is made within 3 business days from the date the depositor submits to the agent bank an application for payment of compensation for deposits and an identification document. Payment of compensation can be made either in cash or by transferring funds to a bank account opened with the bank specified by the depositor. Payment of compensation for deposits individual entrepreneurs carried out only to the account opened for the implementation entrepreneurial activity. Payment of compensation for deposits of a small enterprise is made to the bank account of the small enterprise opened with the bank.

The start dates for payments and the name of the agent bank, including the addresses of its offices where insurance compensation can be received, are published on the Agency’s official website on the Internet and in the media.

If the court makes a decision to liquidate the bank, settlements with depositors in the amount exceeding the payment made by the Agency are carried out in the course of the decision. arbitration court bankruptcy proceedings or forced liquidation. Such claims of depositors are satisfied as part of the claims of first-priority creditors.

Financial Basics NNE

To make insurance payments, federal law provides for the formation of a compulsory deposit insurance fund (hereinafter referred to as the Fund). The fund is formed from insurance premiums of banks - participants of the CER, income from investment temporarily free funds Fund, property contribution of the Russian Federation.

Insurance premiums are paid by banks participating in the CER on a quarterly basis. The rate of insurance premiums is established by the Agency's Board of Directors. Since the third quarter of 2015, a mechanism for paying contributions at differentiated rates has been introduced. Application increased rates depends on maximum interest rates banks on the deposits they attracted and the Bank of Russia’s assessment of them financial situation, including supervisory response measures introduced by the Bank of Russia.

The procedure and mechanisms for control over the investment of temporarily available funds of the Fund are established by the Government of the Russian Federation. The list of assets permitted for investment is strictly regulated. Data on income from investing the Fund’s funds are published in annual reports Agencies.

The Fund's funds spent on payments are fully or partially returned to the Fund upon satisfaction of the Agency's claims against liquidated banks transferred to it as a result of the payment of insurance compensation to their depositors.

The Fund's funds are strictly special purpose and can only be spent on paying compensation for deposits. In order to control the intended expenditure, the Fund’s funds are accounted for in a specially opened Agency account with the Bank of Russia.

Financial stability CER is secured by the Agency's property, and, if necessary, funds federal budget, as well as loans provided by the Bank of Russia.

Deposit Insurance Law

Glossary of basic terms

Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA)– a non-profit organization created by the state to provide work Deposit insurance systems (DIS) and protection of interests investors. The DIA operates on the basis of the Federal Law of December 23, 2003 No. 177-FZ “On insurance of deposits in banks of the Russian Federation” (Federal Law No. 177-FZ). Organizational and legal form of DIA – state corporation. It is the DIA that organizes the payment of compensation to individuals and legal entities for deposits, insurance of which is carried out in accordance with Federal Law No. 177-FZ, from funds compulsory deposit insurance fund.

The bank is a participant of the SSV– a credit institution that has the right to attract funds from the public in deposits. The bank must pay insurance premiums V Mandatory Deposit Insurance Fund; inform depositors about their participation in the cash reserves, about the procedure and amount of receiving compensation for deposits; keep records of the bank's obligations to depositors.

Contribution– funds placed by investors in banks - participants of the CER on the territory of the Russian Federation on the basis of a bank deposit agreement or a bank account agreement. The concept of “deposit” includes capitalized (accrued) interest on the deposit amount. Deposits in both rubles and foreign currency are subject to insurance protection. The exclusion of certain types of monetary obligations from insurance is established by law. In particular, the following are not subject to insurance: funds placed in bank accounts (deposits) of lawyers, notaries and other persons opened for professional activities; deposits, the making of which is certified by a certificate of deposit; funds transferred to banks for trust management; deposits in branches of Russian banks located abroad; electronic money; funds placed on nominal accounts, with the exception of nominal accounts that are opened for guardians or trustees and the beneficiaries of which are wards, collateral accounts and escrow accounts, unless otherwise established Federal Law No. 177-FZ; funds placed in subordinated deposits; funds placed by legal entities or in their favor, with the exception of funds placed by small enterprises or in their favor. In addition, deposits that are not denominated in monetary units(for example, in grams of precious metals).

Investor– a citizen of the Russian Federation, a foreign citizen, a stateless person, including those engaged in entrepreneurial activities, or a legal entity classified in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation as a small enterprise, information about which is contained in the unified register of small and medium-sized businesses, maintained by in accordance with the Federal Law of July 24, 2007 No. 209 - Federal Law “On the Development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Russian Federation”, having concluded a banking agreement with the bank contribution or bank account agreement. The investor is entitled by law to receive insurance compensation in the bank in respect of which the insurance case. In order to exercise this right, to an individual depositor It is enough to submit a corresponding application and a document proving his identity. Counterclaims– monetary obligations investor to the bank (balance of debt on a loan, overdraft, etc.). Counterclaims reduce the amount of obligations upon settlement insurance compensation. Payment of insurance compensation does not automatically terminate (offset) counterclaims.

Register of banks – participants of the CER– list of banks, deposits in which they are insured in accordance with Federal Law No. 177-FZ. The register is maintained by the DIA. It is available for review on the official website of the DIA on the Internet. If the bank has a insurance case, then it is subject to exclusion from the register after the DIA completes bankruptcy (liquidation) procedures of the bank.

Register of bank liabilities– a list of the bank’s obligations to depositors and counterclaims bank to to investors, on the basis of which payment is made insurance compensation. Contains information: about investors; O contributions and about counterclaims bank to to the investor.

Deposit Insurance System (DIS)– a special state program implemented in accordance with the Federal Law “On Insurance of Deposits in Banks of the Russian Federation”. Its main task is to protect the savings of the population placed in Russian banks. SSV allows to investors upon the occurrence of an insured event, receive compensation for deposits within the maximum amount of insurance compensation established by law. The deposit insurance mechanism is as simple as possible and does not require any preliminary actions from the depositor: deposits and accounts of individuals and legal entities in the participating bank of the CER, subject to insurance in accordance with Federal Law No. 177-FZ, are insured “automatically” from the moment the funds are placed in the bank on the basis of a bank deposit/account agreement.

Insurance compensation (reimbursement for deposit/deposits)– sum of money, payable to the investor upon arrival insured event. It is established based on the amount of the bank’s obligations to investor minus counterclaims jar.
Compensation for deposits is paid in the amount of 100% of the amount of all deposits in the bank, but not more than the maximum amount of insurance compensation established by law. The deposit amount includes both the amount of funds contributed by the depositor and capitalized (accrued) interest on the deposit. Insurance compensation is paid in rubles within three working days after the depositor (his representative, heir, legal successor) submits an application for payment and the necessary documents (identity document, power of attorney, document on the right to inheritance), but not earlier than 14 working days from the date the occurrence of an insured event, unless an earlier date is determined by a decision of the DIA Board. Deposits in foreign currency are converted into rubles at the Bank of Russia exchange rate on the date of insured event.

Maximum amount of insurance compensation– a legal limit on the total amount of compensation for deposits paid to one depositor in one bank. Starting from December 30, 2014, the maximum amount of insurance compensation is 1.4 million rubles. In previous periods of operation, the CIC was set equal to 100,000, 190,000, 400,000, 700,000 rubles, depending on the date of occurrence of the insured event. certain species accounts (escrow accounts opened for settlements under a real estate purchase and sale transaction, and escrow accounts opened for settlements under an agreement for participation in shared construction), the maximum amount of insurance compensation is 10 million rubles.

Insurance case– revocation (cancellation) from bank - participant of the CER licenses of the Bank of Russia to carry out banking operations or the introduction by the Bank of Russia of a moratorium on satisfying the claims of the bank’s creditors.

Bank insurance premiums– quarterly contributions from participating banks to the compulsory deposit insurance fund. Since July 1, 2015 introduced differentiated rates insurance premiums: basic, additional and increased additional.

Mandatory Deposit Insurance Fund – financial basis of the CER. The fund consists of the property contribution of the Russian Federation, insurance contributions of banks participating in the CER, income from the placement of fund funds in state and corporate securities, cash and property received from the satisfaction of the claims of the DIA, acquired as a result of the payment of compensation to them for deposits. The Fund's funds are used for payments insurance compensation for deposits and other purposes established by federal laws.

The deposit insurance system (DIS) is a mechanism for protecting the deposits of individuals in banks through their insurance (guarantee). Deposit insurance in the Russian Federation is carried out in accordance with the Federal Law “On Insurance of Individuals’ Deposits in Banks of the Russian Federation” No. 177-FZ dated December 23, 2003. In order to manage the deposit insurance system on the basis of the law on deposit insurance, in January 2004 the Russian Federation created a state corporation - “Deposit Insurance Agency”

All banks that attract funds from citizens are required to participate in the deposit insurance system. Today, the insurance system includes 874 banks, according to the list of participating banks of the Deposit Insurance Agency.

Insurance covers not only ruble and foreign currency accounts individuals, but also salary plastic cards, interest on accounts. The following deposits are excluded from the insurance system:

· funds placed on the accounts of individuals engaged in entrepreneurial activities without forming a legal entity, if these accounts are opened in connection with specified activities;

· bearer deposits;

· funds transferred by individuals to banks for trust management;

· deposits in branches of Russian banks located outside the Russian Federation;

· Unallocated metal accounts.

The maximum amount of insurance compensation for deposits is 700,000 rubles, even if the depositor keeps money in several accounts in one bank. However, if he has the means to different banks, the amount of insurance compensation is determined for each bank separately. If the deposit is placed in foreign currency, the amount of compensation for deposits is calculated in rubles at the rate established by the Bank of Russia on the day the insured event occurred. In case of failure to pay, due to the fault of the Agency, the agreed compensation for deposits in fixed time the depositor is paid interest on the amount of non-payment at the refinancing rate established by the Bank of Russia.

Cash insurance does not require an individual to make any individual procedures and providing a separate package of documents.

The investor's right to receive compensation arises from the date of the insured event. Insured events are the following circumstances: revocation of the bank's license from the Bank of Russia to carry out banking operations and the introduction by the Bank of Russia of a moratorium on satisfying the claims of the bank's creditors. A moratorium is a suspension of the debtor’s fulfillment of monetary obligations, as well as all obligations to pay taxes, and the cessation of all measures aimed specifically at securing obligations. The debtor has no right to independently fulfill any monetary obligations. The introduction of a moratorium often leads to some specific limitation of the civil rights of creditors for all monetary obligations.

The Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA) accepts applications and pays deposit compensation to depositors upon the occurrence of an insured event. Documents can be provided from the day the insured event occurs until the day the bank bankruptcy procedure is completed, and if a moratorium on satisfying creditors' claims is introduced, until the day the moratorium ends.

Payment of compensation is made both in cash and Bank transaction to the depositor's details. Compensation is made by the agency in accordance with the register of the bank's obligations to depositors within 3 days from the date the depositor submits the necessary documents, but not earlier than 14 days from the date of the insured event.

A depositor who has received compensation for deposits from the Deposit Insurance Agency retains the right to demand that the bank pay the remaining portion of the deposit in accordance with current legislation.

The introduction of the Deposit Insurance System in Russia has had a positive impact on economic situation in the country. Depositors are not afraid to trust their money to banks. This served to revive the country's economy.

Now the State Duma has adopted in the first reading a bill increasing the maximum amount of insurance to 1 million rubles. After its adoption in the State Duma of the Russian Federation in three readings, this bill must be approved by the Federation Council of the Russian Federation and signed by the President of the Russian Federation. It will come into force from the day of its publication in the official printed publication (“ Russian newspaper"). The provisions of the law will apply to all deposits in banks, regardless of when a particular deposit was opened.

Voluntary deposit insurance

Currently, almost all domestic banks offer services to their clients various ways protection financial resources. The most popular way to protect funds is voluntary insurance.

The main meaning of this proposal is that the depositor, if desired, takes out insurance for the money invested in the bank, thanks to which he at least somehow provides himself with protection in the future. After all, various changes in the field of finance can occur at any time. For example, this could be a fairly sharp decline in the value of a currency caused by changes in policy or other events.

By using deposit insurance voluntarily, the depositor will be completely confident that, regardless of the situation on financial market he will be able to get his money back in full. But you need to take into account that this service is paid, but many financial market experts advise using this offer.

Voluntary deposit insurance makes real sense only if the deposit exceeds 700,000 rubles. The amount of insurance fees depends on the reliability of the bank holding the account and the amount of the deposit.

A special state program operating in accordance with the Federal Law “On Insurance of Individual Deposits in Banks of the Russian Federation” is the creation of a deposit insurance system for the population.

It so happened historically that citizens of our country cannot be completely confident in the safety of their savings, which are stored in bank accounts. Cases when, due to the situation in the financial market or because of the bankruptcy of the bank itself, the deposits of the population “burned out” are not uncommon.

This was one of the reasons for the emergence of the deposit insurance system. It allows compensation for material damage to individuals in the event that established by law reasons their savings are lost.

Insurance of deposits of individuals is somewhat different from the same insurance of deposits of legal entities. First of all, there is a different system of insurance payments and insurance conditions.

The deposit insurance system is not new - it is already used in approximately one hundred countries. First of all, this measure helps prevent panic among the population if there is a threat of losing their deposits.

In addition, such a measure as deposit insurance improves the performance of ordinary banks and increases depositors’ confidence in the bank’s activities, which is especially important in a number of countries.

In our country, deposit insurance for individuals, such as compulsory insurance deposits of individuals appeared relatively recently - in 2004, with the advent of the above-mentioned law “On insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation”.

How can compulsory and voluntary deposit insurance be considered? It allows you to make the safety of ordinary citizens’ funds more reliable.

Today, almost nine hundred participating banks are protected by the deposit insurance system. This includes:

• basic operating banks who have a license to work with individuals;
• current credit organizations who previously had a license for operations on deposits of individuals, which has now been lost;
• banks in the process of liquidation (about one hundred and forty-two organizations in total).

The operation of this insurance system is simple. Let’s assume that a bank’s license is revoked for some reason. This is considered the occurrence of an insured event, which involves compensation for damage to investors.

In a short time, the depositor who suffered as a result of the revocation of the bank’s license is paid compensation in a predetermined amount. If a bank is liquidated, amounts greater than the agreed compensation will be returned to depositors at a later date when bank savings are liquidated.

It is worth noting that, unlike other types of insurance, deposit insurance for individuals does not require the conclusion of an additional agreement with the bank. The process happens automatically.

The deposit insurance agency assumes responsibility for compensating depositors' losses, thus becoming another creditor of the collapsed bank. The return of money spent by the Agency to compensate for the losses of depositors is no longer the concern of ordinary citizens.

Another example of the operation of the deposit insurance system could be observed not so long ago in Crimea. After the annexation of the Crimean Republic, the Bank of Ukraine refused further services to the population.

Then I started working in full force. Each investor received compensation for the loss of their savings.

Mandatory insurance of deposits of individuals

In the Russian Federation, insurance of deposits of individuals by banks that attract funds from citizens is mandatory. That is, by attracting deposits from individuals to their operations, banks mandatory obtain a license for such work.

Every deposit lost by an individual as a result of a crash banking organization, has the right to expect 100% compensation for losses. But you should not expect that this amount will exceed seven hundred thousand rubles.

There is a way out, you will get it full refund by deposits, if the deposits were kept in different banks. It is also worth considering that surpluses not included in the amount of seven hundred thousand rubles can also be reimbursed, but through a competitive procedure.

Payment by insured event carried out no later than fourteen days after the revocation of the bank’s license.

• revocation of the bank's license to operate with citizens' deposits;
• introduction by the Bank of Russia of a moratorium on the organization’s activities in this direction.

Each insured event is considered individually, each case separately.

However, there are exceptions in the list that do not fall under the insured event. Some types of deposits are an exception, in which case investors should not expect compensation for damages. This group includes:

• accounts opened for business activities provided for by law, for example, lawyers' accounts;
• bearer deposits;
• deposits that are transferred to the bank for trust management;
• deposits in branches of Russian banks located outside the country;
• electronic money without opening an account;
• transfers without opening an account.

Naturally, to ensure this large quantity to compensate investors, it is necessary to have considerable funds. The Deposit Insurance Agency has an individual fund, the funds in which amount to billions of rubles.

Where do these funds come from? Naturally from insurance premiums, which are paid by banks participating in the system quarterly.

The history of the development of the deposit insurance system in Russia has several stages. At first sum insured was only one hundred thousand rubles. However, modern realities required an increase in these very modest indicators.

So, in 2006, the amount of insurance payment increased to one hundred and ninety thousand rubles. Later, in 2007, the amount became four hundred thousand rubles.

In 2008, when the global crisis was in full swing, it was decided to increase the amount of deposit insurance payments to seven hundred thousand rubles. These figures have been maintained to this day.

According to the developers of the law, such an amount will be able to compensate for losses and remain afloat.

Voluntary insurance of deposits of individuals

By adopting the law on insurance of deposits of individuals, the developers planned to include all existing banks in the work. However, this did not happen; not every bank is part of the insurance system.

Why is the system called mandatory and not voluntary? For banks not included in the deposit insurance system, there is special law regulating the relationship between the bank and the depositor.

The refusal of all banks to participate in the system is explained simply. A number of unscrupulous organizations could simply take advantage of the existing law and shift responsibility for the loss of depositors’ savings onto the shoulders of the Deposit Insurance Agency.

The number of bank failures would increase beyond the first hundred, and this would mean colossal costs from the insurance fund.

Deposit insurance for individuals, such as voluntary deposit insurance for individuals, operates like any other type of insurance. The depositor enters into an additional deposit insurance agreement and pays contributions to the bank.

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