Question:
What is the procedure for paying for executive and geodetic surveys carried out during the production process and final executive surveys upon commissioning of the facility?
Answer:
In accordance with TKP 45-1.03-26-2006 “Geodetic work in construction. Rules for carrying out”, approved by order of the Ministry of Construction and Architecture dated 03.03.2006 No. 60 “In the process of erecting all building structures, when laying utility networks geodetic control of the accuracy of their geometric parameters must be carried out” (subclause 4.27). According to subclause 4.28 “Geodetic control of the accuracy of geometric parameters provides for:
geodetic (instrumental) verification of dimensions, shape, planned and altitude positions of elements, structures and parts of buildings, utility networks and communications for compliance with requirements project documentation at the stages of their installation, temporary fastening;
executive geodetic survey of the planned, high-rise and relative to the vertical positions of elements, structures and parts of buildings, permanently fixed upon completion of installation (installation, laying), as well as the actual position of above-ground and underground utility networks and communications.”
At the same time, according to subclause 4.39 “Creation of an internal alignment network of buildings, detailed alignment work, geodetic work during the construction process, geodetic control of the accuracy of the geometric parameters of the building and production
geodetic as-built surveys are the responsibility of the contractor (subcontractor).”
All the above works, i.e. geodetic control and executive geodetic surveys are an integral part of production quality control of work performed and the organization’s expenses for these works are covered by the contractor’s overhead costs.
Resolution of the Ministry of Construction and Architecture dated January 16, 2008 No. 1 approved the norms of overhead costs and planned savings for construction and installation organizations performing construction and other special installation work by contract.
In the structure of overhead costs, in section B “Costs for organizing work on construction sites” there is an article “Costs for geodetic work carried out during the production of work”.
The above expenses are included in this item. According to subclause 4.38 of the above TCP, “...Performing final as-built surveys after completion of construction is the responsibility of the customer (investor) and is carried out according to separately developed working documentation.”
Also, according to subclause 11.4.7 “Control geodetic survey of underground utility networks is carried out by the customer (developer) carrying out technical supervision of construction, or, if he does not have specialists, by the forces of another specialized organization.”
(RSTC letter No. 07-2275 dated September 21, 2010)
This is old.
And here is what is stated in the MAiS resolution of December 23, 2011 No. 59
3.6. Expenses for geodetic work carried out during construction and installation work(with the exception of executive survey of utility networks when preparing the facility for delivery, paid for from the funds provided for these purposes in the consolidated estimate of the cost of construction). This item takes into account labor costs (with contributions to the fund social protection population) workers engaged in geodetic work, cost of materials, depreciation deductions, wear and tear, costs for all types of repairs and relocation of geodetic equipment, tools and instruments, transport and other costs for geodetic work, including acceptance of the geodetic basis from design and survey organizations.

Topographic survey is an integral part of any topographic work. As a result of this work, plans and maps of the area appear. Such services are ordered quite often, because it is almost impossible to do without such geodetic work. There is a need for topographic surveying if you need:

• design landscape design;
• update topographic map;
• solve vertical layout issues;
• draw up working drawings;
• carry out topographic and geodetic surveys and so on.

It is also worth noting that with the help of such shooting, the terrain is modeled in digital format. Special attention attention should be paid to executive topographic survey, which is carried out after the construction of the facility. Most often it is carried out on a large scale. It can be:

• 1:500;
• 1:200;
• 1:100.

The performance of such work is regulated by instructions.

The importance of drawing up estimates for topographic surveys and the cost of such work

Development of estimates for topographic geodetic work need to be entrusted to professionals who already have experience in drawing up budgets for engineering survey. Of course, you can try to make an estimate yourself, but without special knowledge it will be quite difficult to calculate it. Every little detail needs to be taken into account here. In order for everything to be done efficiently, you should not trust the calculation of estimates for topographic and geodetic work to the first specialist you come across.

It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that there is no single price for all study areas. If we take average prices, then geodetic survey of 1 hectare of undeveloped land will cost 20,000 rubles. Executive photography will cost more because more extensive work is carried out here. All this must be taken into account when developing estimates for topographic works. Its price will depend on:

• the technology used;
• shooting scale;
• duration of work;
• features of the project.

The most common installation is considered to be 1:500. It is used, as a rule, in those areas where large-scale construction is planned. This scale allows you to get a plan on which all the heights and subtleties of the relief will be clearly visible.

Where to order services for calculating estimates for as-built photography

Topographic survey involves a thorough study of:

• building density;
• terrain features;
• area of ​​the site itself.

All this work is paid for by the customer. But in order to provide him with an estimate for such work, it needs to be professionally calculated, without losing sight of anything significant.

It is best to entrust such work to specialists registered on the Yudu website. Here you can always find those who are well versed in topography and can do everything inexpensively and competently. You don’t have to worry about the quality of budgeting, because each performer has proven himself to be excellent in his work.

Construction of a shopping center in the city of Shcherbinka, when developing the foundation pit and driving piles, geodetic work was carried out by a subcontractor; at the end of the work, each month a report was drawn up executive documentation and a certificate of completed work. The organization, after completing the excavation and piling work, compiled an estimate and a certificate of completion of the work in the TER-2001 database, and additionally we set the cost of geodetic work that was billed sub- contractor. The customer refuses to pay the cost of geodetic work, citing Overhead costs in the cost of excavation and piling work. What to do in this situation, because... overhead barely covers our costs. Is the Customer legal in this situation?

In accordance with SNiP 3.01.03-84 “Geodetic work in construction” and “Regulations on the Customer during the construction of facilities for state needs”, the Customer must create and transfer to the contractor an alignment basis. Costs of laying out the axes of structures, creating a geodetic basis for construction and fixing them in situ construction site(route) are provided for in Chapter 1 of the Consolidated Estimated Calculation of Construction Costs (SSRCC) according to the relevant standards. If the work on setting up the axles and securing them in place is carried out by a contracting organization or, on its behalf, a specialized organization, then the Customer must reimburse the Contractor for the cost of these works and expenses at the expense of the limit for these purposes provided for in the SSRSS.
In accordance with SNiP 3.01.03-84 “Geodetic work in construction”, control and executive geodetic survey must be carried out by the Customer, and the costs of this survey are reimbursed from funds for the maintenance of the Customer’s service (Chapter 10 of the SSRSS). In accordance with SNiP 3.01.03-84 “Geodetic work in construction”, geodetic work during the construction process, geodetic control of the accuracy of the geometric parameters of buildings (structures) and as-built surveys are the responsibility of the contractor. These works are an integral part technological process construction production. Executive geodetic survey of utility networks must be carried out before backfilling the trenches. Based on the results of this survey, as-built drawings should be drawn up, as a rule, on the scale of the corresponding working drawings, reflecting the planned and altitude position of the newly laid utility networks. Expenses for geodetic work carried out during construction work are incurred at the expense of the overhead costs of the work contractor and are taken into account by the overhead cost standards.
You should not be limited to the amount of overhead costs provided for in the acts for performing excavation and piling works. The amount of overhead costs for the entire construction period includes the costs of geodetic work.

Services for preparing estimates for geodetic work

Estimate for geodetic work (estimate for topographic and geodetic surveys)
1 % estimated cost geodetic work, but not less than 7,500 rubles. Paid services for preparing estimates for geodetic surveys in order to determine the maximum initial contract price: for government and commercial enterprises; to justify the cost geodetic surveys carried out by surveying firms and individual entrepreneurs, engaged in topographic and geodetic work. Indices of the estimated cost of design and survey work: indices of the Ministry of Regional Development.
For customers of our geodetic works Estimating service is free.

All prices are inclusive of VAT, include the cost of field and office work and the cost of external transport up to 100 km, without harmful factors in production.

Prices for geodetic work in construction

Topographic survey of the site and drawing up a topographic plan of the area
from 4,990 to 85,500 rub. per hectare. The cost of coordinating topographic surveys is paid separately on invoices issued by the balance holders of underground utilities. For detailed pricing for topographic survey, see the “topographic survey” service page.

Geodetic survey of building facades, construction of facade models and facade drawings
from 17 to 213 rubles per sq. meter total area facade, depending on the type of building. For detailed prices, see the page for the “geodetic survey of facades” service.

Geodetic support of construction, reconstruction and expansion of facilities
from 25,000 rub. for a one-time team visit, from 250,000 rubles. for geodetic support for the construction of a facility with an area of ​​up to 2,500 sq. m for one calendar month.

Engineering and geodetic surveys for construction and reconstruction of facilities
The price of engineering and geodetic surveys is determined in accordance with estimates
for geodetic work, depending on the scope of work and local site conditions.

Geodetic control - control surveying of object points, complete or selective
from 30,000 rubles, the exact cost of geodetic work is determined by the customer’s instructions
for filming, the shooting mode, the specifics of the construction site and its distance from Moscow.

Geodetic monitoring of foundation settlement - observations of building deformations
from 1,590 to 4,360 rubles for 1 double-stroke tripod when measuring the settlement of building foundations. Precision leveling of 2nd and 1st accuracy classes according to deformation marks.

Geodetic reference network points - geodetic alignment basis for construction
from 100,000 rub. for the installation of 3 points of a geodetic alignment basis for a construction and installation contractor. The act of transferring the geodetic basis to the general contractor.

As-built geodetic survey and as-built documentation for construction
from 1,000 rub. for 1 structural element (columns, foundations, pylons, beams, trusses
and frames) - horizontal and vertical survey. Preparation of as-built diagrams of structures.

Independent geodetic examination of the quality of construction of the facility and the accuracy of installation
Based on an individual technical specification, an estimate of geodetic work is calculated to check the geometric characteristics of constructed buildings, structures, and their complexes.

Measurement work - production of floor plans of buildings, plans of parts of structures
from 17 to 88 rubles per sq. meter - field geodetic work and drawing up measuring drawings of the roof, floor plan, plan of walls, floors, partitions and landscaping plan.

Leveling for installation of construction benchmarks, leveling of floors and surfaces
from 2,330 to 43,600 rubles per kilometer of double travel. Transfer of elevation marks from state unitary enterprise “Mosgorgeotrest” to the construction site. Leveling I-IV accuracy classes.

Land surveying of completed surveys and precise installation of boundary markers
from 6,020 to 13,440 rubles for 1 boundary mark, depending on the location of the disputed areas, their areas and the method of securing the border between the areas under study.

Layout of building axes - setting out the main axes and contours of buildings and structures
from 10,133 to 84,024 rubles per contour. Detailed breakdown of axles from 3,040 rubles per piece. If necessary, the installation of leading signs is paid separately (2,000 rubles per piece)

Prices for geodetic work in industry

Engineering and geodetic surveys for the development and binding of project documentation
The price of geodetic surveys is determined by local estimate depending on the type of engineering and geodetic survey, time of year and distance of the object from Moscow.

Geodetic support for the installation of industrial equipment and unit parts
from 30,000 rub. for a one-time visit by our team of surveyors, from 250,000 rubles. for daily geodetic support of equipment installation by our employees for a month.

Geodetic survey to check horizontality, alignment, relative position
from 30,000 rub., full cost geodetic survey is determined by the technical specifications and local conditions. Geodetic control of geometric parameters of structures.

Determination of roll: building roll, foundation roll - measuring the roll of a pipe, tower, mast
from 50,000 rub. for an object height of up to 25 meters, from RUB 75,000. at higher altitudes. The settlement of the pipe foundation, if necessary, is measured by leveling and is paid separately.

Engineering topographical plan, production of geo-base for the industrial site
from 100,000 rub. per hectare. Coordination of the plan for underground communications and “red lines” is paid to the balance holder separately. Geodetic survey for special purposes.

Calculation of area, measurement of the area of ​​a real estate property by geodetic survey
from 50 rubles per 1 sq. m of plot, premises or territory. An official conclusion on checking the area of ​​a property to resolve controversial issues regarding its rental.

Geodetic monitoring of foundation settlement by precise geometric leveling
from 1,590 to 4,360 rubles for a double-stroke precision leveling tripod for monitoring the settlement of foundations of machine tools, towers, tanks, furnaces and factory workshops.

Geodetic research and observation of deformations - organization of monitoring
from 1,590 to 4,360 rubles for 1 deformation sign for height and plan-height assessment of changes in the spatial position of structures of industrial facilities.

Leveling the path of bridge, gantry and tower cranes when monitoring the geometry of the paths
from 264 to 1,944 rubles per linear meter of crane span, regardless of the span width. Leveling, checking track width and other geometric parameters of tracks.

Geodetic layout of the axes of structures - transferring projects and red lines to nature
from 2,096 to 5,442 rubles per point, depending on linear dimensions and the configuration of the structure, the length of the urban planning regulation lines and the number of turning points.

Geodetic alignment basis for reconstruction and overhaul of industrial facilities
from 100,000 rub. for the installation of 3 points of a geodetic support network at an industrial site or construction site by the customer for a construction and installation contractor.

Calculating the volume of excavation work and determining the volume of bulk material in warehouses
from 5 rubles per 1 cubic meter. m of measured soil in embankments or excavations or when determining warehouse stocks building materials(sand, crushed stone, sand-gravel mixture).

As-built geodetic survey with preparation of as-built diagrams and drawings
The cost of as-built survey is calculated depending on the type of structures and the type of required deviations (plan, elevations), and the location of the construction site.

Instructions on the procedure for maintaining and organizing traffic on the railway track
40,000 rub. per piece with agreement with the involved services of JSC Russian Railways. This is carried out in the presence of a valid agreed technical passport for a non-public route.

Technical passport of the track - technical passport of a non-public railway track
from 15,150 to 18,940 rubles per 100 linear meters. m in coordination with the necessary services of JSC Russian Railways. For tracks longer than 1 km, the cost is calculated individually.

Geodetic survey of the longitudinal profile and plan of the railway access track
from 30,530 to 75,680 rubles per 1 km of extended length. Shooting the plan and profile of the railway. ways. Leveling tracks and drawing up a large-scale track diagram - a track management plan.

Facade photography - accurate measurements of facades for the production of drawings of building facades
from 17 rubles per sq. m - for an industrial building, from 34 rubles per sq. m - for a residential building, from 51 rubles per sq. m - for a public building. Processing of façade photography.

Cost of geodetic work on transport

Geodetic surveys for the design of major repairs and modernization
The cost of geodetic surveys is calculated upon request depending on regional coefficients, the period of the year and the volume of topographic and geodetic surveys.

Geodetic support for the reconstruction of roads and railways
from 30,000 rub. for one-time services of a team of surveyors, from 250,000 rubles. for monthly support overhaul object by our geodetic engineers.

Executive plan and executive profile of a linear construction facility
Prices for as-built survey work are determined individually and depend on the intensity of road and rail traffic on the site.

Special reference system for monitoring the railway track in profile and plan
Inventory, repair and reconstruction of geodetic support networks and workers
networks of benchmarks is calculated individually based on the number of points in the network.

Inventory, repair and reconstruction of geodetic monitoring network points
The price for restoring geodetic signs of geodetic support networks is determined individually depending on the design of points and measurement accuracy classes.

Topographic survey - plan and elevation survey, contour survey, vertical survey
from 4,990 to 85,500 rub. per hectare - updating the geobase and making a new one, adjusting existing topographic and geodetic plans of the object by detailed survey.

Instructions for shunting work on a non-public railway track
from 40,000 rub. per piece with agreement with the involved services of JSC Russian Railways. Includes track profile, track plan, calculation of the norm for securing cars on the access railway. ways.

Track passport - technical passport of a non-public railway track
from 15,150 to 18,940 rubles. for 0.1 km. If the length is long, the cost of the technical passport is determined by an individual estimate. We will coordinate with the involved services of JSC Russian Railways.

Tree survey, drawing up an inventory plan of green spaces
from 22,210 to 231,910 rubles. per 1 hectare, depending on the type of land and the number of trees. We enclose an explication of trees and green spaces to create a dendroplan.

Land management work to restore the site boundary and boundary markers
from 6,020 to 13,440 rubles. for 1 boundary sign (turning point) of the site boundary. At
large quantities signs we will make a significant discount on land management.

Instrumental geodetic survey of plans and longitudinal profiles of railways. ways
from 30,530 to 75,680 rubles per 1 kilometer of track development on the railway. stations and nodes
with drawing up a large-scale diagram and longitudinal profile of the railway tracks.

Geodetic alignment of the route - setting out the axes of the routes of linear structures
from 28,404 to 126,936 rubles per 1 kilometer of route, depending on the breakdown conditions.
If several routes are located in one “corridor”, a discount is provided.

The issue of saving money is relevant at any time. When we receive a document for payment, we unconditionally believe what is written. But in every bill or estimate that is correctly drawn up at first glance, there may be a “pitfall” or a process, the need for which is very much in question.

Articles from our “Applied Geodesy” series gave you a general idea of ​​the industry and the work performed. You can do some things yourself, but most processes should be left to specialists. It is the issue of reading and checking estimates for geodetic work that will be covered in this article.

Where to begin

The basis of any work is technical task. It is in it that you and the contractor specify not only the deadlines for completing the work and the responsibilities of the parties, but also indicate additional requirements, which will then be included in the estimate. And here we need to decide - why do we need this kind of work?

You need a project to build a residential building and connect it to city communications. In this case, the work is done in state system coordinates and altitudes, going through a series of necessary approvals. Here you cannot do without a licensed specialist or company, and the contract and estimate will become a supporting document when resolving controversial issues.

You want to do a site layout or alignment for the construction of a light structure. You can do this work yourself by studying the articles in our series, or by inviting a specialist directly, bypassing the bureaucratic red tape. Shooting can be carried out in a conventional coordinate system, and the resulting result will meet all legal requirements no worse than official work.

When ordering work, you need to study the pricing in your region. Initial data for drawing up estimates:

• location
• Objective
• shooting area
• deadline

Let’s take an estimate template as an example and try to figure out what we can save on and what processes we don’t need at all.

ESTIMATED for topographic and geodetic work SBC-2004. Approved and put into effect by Decree of the State Construction Committee of Russia No. 213 of December 23, 2003
Justification We're standing.	Name of works	Unit change
p.107, t.81, p.4	Collection of data about the topographic basis	1 object
Production and laying of geodetic signs
v.46, p.10	Point SS (survey network - metal pin or tube on concrete)	1 character
v.46, p.11	Working items: metal tubes, pins, dowels, nails, etc.	1 character
Creating a shooting justification
	Determining GPS points	1 point
p.74, t.47, p.1	Laying out theodolite traverses	1 km
p.74, t.47, p.3	Technical leveling (travel reference)	1 km
p. 24, vol. 9	Creation of engineering topographic plans M 1:500, cross-section of the relief with horizontal lines every 0.5 m
	Update of engineering topographic plans M 1:500, relief cross-section with horizontal lines every 0.5 m
p. 24, vol. 9	undeveloped area	1 ha
	built-up area	1 ha
	industrial sites	1 ha
Plan-height reference of points
p.75, t.48, p.1	up to 50 m from the shooting point	1 point
p.75, t.48, p.2	over 100 m from the shooting point	1 point
Executive photography engineering communications
p.63, t.37	Surveying the exits of underground structures	1 point
p.63, t.37	Shooting of above-ground structures	1 point
p.63, t.37	Leveling the exits of underground structures	1 point
p.63, t.37	Leveling of above-ground structures	1 point
p.64, t.39	Drawing up a description of underground and above-ground structures	1 well
p.64, t.39	Drawing up a description of underground and above-ground structures exposed by pits	1 point
p.66, t.40	Surveying underground communications using a pipe-cable detector	1 point
	Office work
	Other costs

1. Collection of data about the topographic basis

Any work begins with getting to know the object. The specialist needs to understand where the survey area is located, which nearest points of the state geodetic network should be used, what is the estimated distance from the enterprise base to the object and other data. If you have several plots, the estimate should accordingly include the required number of objects. In the case when you have two survey sites, the distance between them is 250 meters, and the estimate says “1 object,” this means that the 250 meters between the sites that you don’t need are included in the cost of the work.

The cost of work is influenced by a coefficient that takes into account the density of the soil into which the point will be attached:

• light soil without coating
• asphalt, medium hard soil
• concrete covering

2. Production and laying of geodetic signs

When laying a theodolite traverse, competent specialists secure survey points (SS) and work points. It is likely that after the survey is completed, you will need to perform a number of other works on the site, namely, setting out boundaries or as-built survey of communications. To do this, the contractor will again have to lay a theodolite traverse, which will undoubtedly be reflected in the final cost of the work.

So if you have this item in the initial estimate, and after a couple of months it is included in the estimate again, hand the contractor a shovel and offer to find the items for which you have already paid money. The shelf life of wooden stakes is 3 months, and metal tubes or dowels - until the metal is destroyed. As you understand, if the destruction of the items was your fault, they will be bookmarked again, but at your expense.

3. Creating a shooting justification

To survey the territory, the contractor needs to lay a theodolite traverse or use the capabilities of satellite geodesy. And at this stage you need to be very careful, especially in the case of GPS. Unobtrusively ask the performer how old is his instrument this year? If a company owns a modern GPS that allows you to receive the coordinates of points in real time, everything is great. If the instrument is 10 years old, and the survey area is built up and surrounded by tall trees, measurement errors are possible, which can appear at the most inopportune moment after the work has been completed.

Number of starting points by regulatory documents, from which the survey justification will be created, there must be at least 3, two GPS points are allowed, one initial, the second - control, but if there are more or less of them in the estimate, it is worth asking the designer a question.

If your site is surrounded by tall buildings, it makes sense to use the methods of “classical” geodesy - ask the contractor to work with an electronic total station from polygonometry points.

Let's look at the most typical cases using examples:

a) “Hanging” theodolite traverse.

The most unreliable method of shooting, in which it is difficult to control the obtained values. Here “PP 1 and 2” are the starting points of polygonometry, “vis.1” is the hanging point, the lines show the measurement directions. It is allowed to lay no more than two such points. If the contractor has included in the estimate the survey of two starting points, ask if he is going to work from a move that is literally “hanging in the air”?

b) Closed theodolite traverse.

As can be seen from the schematic diagram, in this case the contractor controls the obtained values, which allows him to be confident in the quality of the work performed. Another option for a move with control involves the use of four points with known coordinates:

As you understand, ideally the performer should use at least two starting points, and preferably three or four. If the estimate states otherwise, there may be cheating or incompetence of the contractor.

4. Creation/updating of engineering topographic plans

These two processes are interrelated, but you only have to pay for one of them.

Creation is shooting a territory from scratch. Suitable for new properties, i.e. those that have been significantly rebuilt, or that were filmed ten years ago. In general, topographic survey is relevant for a year. During this time, changes could have occurred, for which it would be enough to update the engineering topographic plans. The contractor is provided with the original topographic survey from a year ago, onto which he applies the difference in measurements using an instrumental method. If you provided the material, or the contractor has it, and the estimate includes “creation of engineering topographic plans,” it makes sense to suggest that the contractor simply update the existing survey. Accordingly, the price for this type of work will be much lower.

The cost of work is affected by the congestion of the area. The simplest option is an undeveloped plot outside the populated area. From two points determined by GPS observations, all the work can be done. A built-up area implies an increase in the number of filming points, and an industrial site is generally an object of increased danger. Constantly moving machines and mechanisms do not contribute to fruitful work; it is possible to destroy survey points and create obstacles for measurements.

5. Plan-height reference of points

The principle applies here: “the more we rent, the better,” but up to a certain point. The standards determine the number of points per survey area plus places that fall out of the overall picture. This indicator cannot be predicted, but you should know that for an undeveloped area, 8 survey points per square of 50x50 meters plus places where the relief changes are sufficient. Usually this serves as a place to “adjust” the estimated cost of work to the needs of the customer, but in any case, it is necessary to know the standards.

6. As-built survey of utilities

This term refers to filming already laid networks. If in initial cost work has already included this indicator, there is no need to order a separate topographic survey to commission the facility.

Here it is necessary to note a number of points that affect the cost of work. Ideally, all communications should have a binding passport, copies of which are deposited with the architectural authority, the customer, and remain with the contractor. In practice, it is not possible to understand where the communication is located without drilling control holes in the ground, called “holes”.

One solution to the problem is to use a locator. This device structurally consists of two parts: a generator, which is connected to the required cable core or pipe, and a receiver, which picks up the generated signal under the thickness of the earth.

At this stage of work, there is no need to save money - the communication link passport does not always reflect the real situation. Do not forget that damage to the main pipe entails various types of liability, so you should not trust the filming materials previous years. Order instrumental monitoring of underground networks so that you can be sure that you will not leave an entire neighborhood without water or gas.

7. Office work

This tricky term means processing the received values. Plans of the area, underground and above-ground structures are drawn up, profiles are drawn and a catalog of coordinates is generated. It makes sense to pay attention to the end result - what do you get in your hands? The result of the work should be a topoplan on a scale of 1:500 with the drawing of utility networks. If you need an electronic version of a document, ask what program it was created in. The fact is that standard image editors operating system they do not always understand the format of data produced by specialized software used in geodesy.

8. Other costs

Everything that is not included in the estimate will be displayed in this section. The main indicator is transportation costs, travel allowances for performers and the complexity factor of the work. The further the enterprise base is from the work site, the higher the overhead costs will be.

The main nuance is buried in this place - who to entrust the shooting to, local specialists or invited “stars”. There can be one criterion - recommendations, personal communication and knowledge gained after reading our article. Where cheaper is not always better, especially when it comes to geodesy issues. You rarely order this kind of work, so it’s worth paying attention to the estimate that they ask you to sign.

If an organization is ready to survey 20 hectares per day with a theodolite, using two points of polygonometry, it is clearly not worth ordering work from such people. Work processes that you do not need indicate an increase in estimates, or even fraud. So remember: forewarned is forearmed.