Products produced during the year under review. The value is expressed in the national unit of the state. Statistics GDP of countries world allows you to evaluate economic indicators in a particular state and make forecasts for future development.

Real and nominal GDP

The nominal indicator is the final price calculated according to the market, depending on changes in income and price index. Real indicator - to determine the cost of a product, the growth indicator is used, not the price change:

The term “GDP deflator” hides the ratio of the nominal to the real indicator:

The indicator implies the total volume of all state income for the year, divided by the number of residents. It is used to simplify the comparison of the productivity of countries, since GDP per capita serves as a characteristic of economic activity. This is also a kind of “indicator” of the level of a country with a high gross domestic product, we can say that it is favorable and comfortable for living:

Structure of the world's GDP

The development of society affects three stages: pre-industrial, industrial and post-industrial. Each of them is characterized by a certain type of economic structure. The table clearly shows the characteristics of each stage:

Until the 18th–19th centuries, income was also provided by related hunting, fishing and forestry. The agrarian structure at that time covered all existing states (today it is found in the least developed countries Oh). Later this way of life changed industrial age. Her main feature is predominance . The second half of the 20th century was marked by scientific and technological revolution with the formation of a post-industrial system - the service sector now prevails over production. Employment structure by industry:

Predominance Agriculture observed today in Afghanistan, Somalia, Cambodia, Laos, Tanzania and Nepal (over 50%).

The share of the service sector in the GDP of countries around the world is gaining momentum, which means that they are characterized by an interest in knowledge workers. Obviously, the share of expenses for More higher percentage small states predominate, living by providing financial services And . World GDP statistics for 2000 (share of industries, %):

Data for Russia

During 1990–2016, the direction of economic development in Russia changed significantly. There is a simultaneous increase in mining production and an increase in transactions with and finance. But the volumes of agriculture, forestry, manufacturing and transport enterprises are declining.

Share of military expenditures in countries' GDP

Wikipedia has information on the share of the world's GDP going to military spending in 2016:

Every year, studies are conducted on the basis of which a ranking of the GDP of developed and lagging countries is compiled. The place of countries in the world in terms of GDP is determined by the World Bank, which has undergone many changes since its founding. structural changes. Over the past 20 years it has become a specialized agency of the UN. The GDP of the world's countries is calculated in dollars. Today the undoubted leaders are:

1. USA– the national unit of the state is considered one of stable currencies world and is used as an international one. Thanks to this fact, the figure in question in the United States is so large: 18.12 trillion. dollars. If considered in percentage, then the annual increase in the country's gross domestic product averages 2.2%, or 55 thousand dollars per capita. The main “earning” corporations in the country are Microsoft and Google.
2. China– the second country in the world in terms of economic growth. Today the country's gross product is 11.2 trillion. dollars, increases by 10% annually.
3. Japan– 4.2 trillion. dollars. Today the figure increases annually by 1.5%. Per capita it is 39 thousand dollars.
4. Germany– the gross product of the state is 3.4 trillion. dollars or 46 thousand per capita. The increase for 2016 is 0.4%.
5. Great Britain– 2.8 trillion. dollars.

GDP statistics of the world's leading countries :

GDP statistics in European countries in 2016

Among the EU countries there are also leaders and laggards. According to statistics, the most developed in the EU are:

1. Liechtenstein - GDP per capita is just over 85 thousand.
2. The Netherlands - for each resident there are 42.4 thousand euros.
3. Ireland – 40 thousand euros according to a similar indicator.
4. Austria – 39.7 thousand euros.
5. Sweden - the gross product is 38.9 thousand euros.

Additionally, the following states can be noted:

World GDP forecasts

The GDP of the leading EU countries is assessed by Forex specialists ambiguously: it is possible that it will increase by 1.7%, but there is a possibility of a decrease of 15%. In addition to the increase, there may also be a decrease in the level of GDP of countries around the world. This phenomenon may affect:

1. Venezuela– the estimated projected decrease in gross domestic product by 3.5% is due to the lack of oil, pharmaceuticals and other basic products in the country.
2. Brazil– the prices set for extracted iron ore contribute to a decrease in the gross product by 3%.
3. Greece– the estimated decrease will be 1.8%.
4. Russia– the indicator is expected to decrease by 0.5%, which is due to the imposed sanctions by the EU and the USA. In addition, a decrease in the value under consideration in Russia may be a consequence of a decrease in oil prices. Experts do not rule out an economic recession in the country. A crisis is possible with a probability of up to 65%.

Countries with fast growing GDP 2016

Pace GDP growth countries of the world are different, however, experts identify 13 of them, characterized by a special growth rate.

All kinds of ratings are derivatives of modern analytics and economics; they are designed to show the standard of living and development of humanity. Rating creators use various tools for this, including the results of public opinion polls. To identify leaders and laggards in the international arena, you need to know the features of the ranking of the most economically developed countries in the world.

Ratings of economic development of countries

Ranking by gross domestic product (GDP) level

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is an indicator that reflects market value all final goods and services produced during the year and directly consumed on the territory of the state, as well as exported and accumulated. In English transcription it is designated - GDP.

Video: ten richest countries in the world

Gross domestic product is usually expressed in national currency. However, in certain cases it can be recalculated taking into account the indicator in a foreign reserve currency. Recalculation is carried out at the foreign exchange exchange rate. Also, GDP, for the purpose of more accurate representation and international comparison, can be considered as an indicator of parity purchasing power(PPS).

What is PPP - an indicator of purchasing power

Purchasing power parity (PPP) or in English transcription Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is an indicator of the ratio of two or more currencies, which establishes the purchasing power of these currencies in relation to a set of certain goods or services.

PPP theory states that the same amount financial resources, recalculated taking into account current rate national currency of specific countries, allows you to buy the same amount of goods or services. In this case, transport costs and any transportation restrictions are not taken into account.

If the exchange rates of two different countries go beyond parity, the opportunity opens up for profitable purchase of goods and services in one country with subsequent export to another country. As a result, the demand for one of the currencies that has the best performance increases. Good example use of PPP - Big Mac index.

Big Mac Index

A way to unofficially determine PPP - purchasing power parity - is the Big Mac Index. The calculation is simple to the point of banality. There is no food basket used here. Instead, analysts take a simple sandwich for research - a product of the world famous company McDonald's.

Video: ruble exchange rate indicator for Big Mac

The task is to determine the real exchange rates currencies of different countries. McDonald's products are sold in the markets of many countries. The components of sandwiches are widely used food products. Thus, if you compare the price of a sandwich in different countries, you can get a real picture of the value of the national currency. In Russia in 2015, a Big Mac was sold for $1.88.

Well-known world experts put forward interesting definitions . In their opinion, Russian ruble undervalued by almost 70%, judging by the Big Mac Index.

How is GDP calculated in economics?

In practice, three calculation methods are used - based on income received, on existing expenses or on the basis of added value. For calculations in each specific case, formulas are used, where different economic indicators are used as calculation data.

The USA is the undisputed leader in terms of GDP in the world

Country ranking table by GDP in current prices for 2015 (TOP 5)

Table of ranking countries by GDP based on PPP estimates for 2015 (TOP 5)

Ranking by level of economic freedom

Index indicator economic freedom(IEF - Index of Economic Freedom) is based on calculations made by a group of specialists from the Heritage Foundation and the Wall Street Journal, a popular newspaper in the United States. The principle of calculating the index of economic freedom is based on indicators such as minimal intervention government agencies management in business affairs, support for producer freedom and consumer protection. The overall index score is formed from 10 individual factors, measured on a scale from 0 (minimum freedom) to 100 (maximum freedom).

Factors of economic freedom:

The general index indicator of economic freedom is calculated as the arithmetic average of the sum of the indicators of all 10 factors. The authors of the methodology claim that the dynamics of the index accurately shows the level of economic freedom of countries. The calculations take into account the division of countries into 5 groups:

1. Completely free (80–100).
2. Free overall (70–79.9).
3. Moderately loose (60–69.9).
4. Minimum free (50–59.9).
5. Limited in freedom (0–49.9).

Table: Top 5 countries by level of economic freedom for 2015

Table: 5 worst countries by level of economic freedom for 2015

Prosperity level

The Prosperity Index (LPI - Legatum Prosperity Index) is an analytical product of the British company Legatum Institute. Research in this direction has been carried out since 2006. The main purpose of research is to obtain reliable information regarding the well-being of societies around the world.

1. Economic well-being.
2. Success in business.
3. Management efficiency.
4. The quality of education.
5. Quality of healthcare.
6. Life safety.
7. Civil liberties.
8. Capitalization of society.

The values ​​of category factors are obtained by the method of sociological research and surveys. The calculation for each category is done by calculating the arithmetic mean. Based on calculations, each category is assigned a numerical value ranging from 0 – 110. The higher the number, the lower the rating.

Ranking table: Top 5 countries by level of prosperity for 2015

Ranking table: 5 worst countries by level of prosperity for 2015

TOP 10 countries based on the top three rankings (GDP, IEF, LPI)

Based best performance three main ratings, you can build the TOP 10 countries:

1. Canada.
2. Switzerland.
3. New Zealand.
4. Ireland.
5. Sweden.
6. Denmark.
7. Netherlands.
8. Finland.

Canada is an economically prosperous state, which, based on the totality of all indicators, has taken first place in the ranking of the most economically developed countries in the world

Rating of countries by level of corruption

The correct name of the rating is the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). The indicator reflects an assessment of the level of corruption from the point of view of the perception of this negative phenomenon by business representatives and analytical organizations.

The ranking is compiled by the well-known company Transparency International, which, since 1995, has traditionally published the results for the world community to see. The result is given on a 100-point scale, where 0 points means very strong corruption, 100 points means no corruption. The main sources of estimated data are independent surveys.

Ranking table: Top 5 countries by corruption level for 2015

Ranking table: 5 worst countries for corruption in 2015

Meanwhile, there are many complaints regarding the calculation and ranking of the level of corruption.

...Georgy Derlugyan, professor of sociology at Northwestern University, notes that it is extremely difficult to measure corruption, and that ratings should not be trusted completely: “In all ratings from Transparency International, Iceland, for example, took first place until we found out how banks actually work,” the professor notes...

http://www.bbc.com/russian/russia/2014/12/141202_transparency_corruption_index

Financial ratings of countries

A credit rating forms an indicator of a country's creditworthiness (credit scoring). Credit ratings (FR - Foreign Rating) are calculated based on the indicators of the current and past financial history. Also, the criteria for calculations are the volume of property and financial obligations.

Video: about Russia's credit rating

• financial history of the state,
• the size of his property,
• desire to pay off debts.

Such an index is needed to make it clear to potential lenders or investors how safe it is to deal with the country. States with a high degree of commitment are designated by the letter A, states of average and lower - Ba, risky - B, with high risk and close to default - S.

(gross domestic product) is one of the most important indicators economic development, which directly affects the determination of the basic socio-economic parameters of the country’s life, such as the minimum level, as well as the compilation of the Russian Federation. In addition, based on GDP, taking into account the PPP (purchasing power parity) index, it is possible to compare Russia's economic growth and per capita income with other countries in the world.

We present to your attention a comparative table of economic development in Russia and other countries of the world in 2013–2014.

*forecast based on the results of the 3rd quarter of 2014

At the end of 2014, Russia's GDP was 0.2%

So, as we see from the table above, the Russian economy smoothly entered a period of recession -. This state of affairs did not come as a surprise to most experts in the field of economics, but rather a pattern. After all, it’s no secret that in Lately, economic policy Russian government was purely populist in nature, and income federal budget more than half depended on revenues from oil and gas sales. In 2014, the situation worsened sharply due to Western sanctions against large Russian companies, as well as falling oil prices. Thus, the Kremlin’s plans to exit Russian economy in the top 5 largest in the world until 2020 will remain just plans.

As for the leaders of economic growth, according to the results of 2013-2014, China and India are confidently progressing; in the leading countries of the European Union, there is obviously some economic slowdown, post-Soviet space For the last year in a row, the economies of the countries of Central Asia – Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Azerbaijan – have been growing significantly. The Ukrainian economy experienced a sharp decline for obvious reasons related to the loss of part of the territory and the military conflict in the east of the country.

The GDP of the world's countries is compiled annually by such organizations as the World Monetary Fund, The World Bank, United Nations, US Central Intelligence Agency and others. Gross domestic product is the main economic indicator that shows the value of all products and services produced within a country. Based on the analysis of this indicator, the position of a country in the world economy is assessed. Thus, an increase in the level of GDP indicates economic growth and more efficient use of natural and human resources. A decrease, on the contrary, speaks of the country’s problems. Sanctions, wars, and an unhealthy political situation have a very serious impact on the economy.

GDP includes the results of activities of all companies, as well as non-financial institutions that in one way or another conduct economic activity in the country. Attracted investments, exports and imports - all this also constitutes the main indicator of the economy

Calculations are also made, and this indicator speaks about the well-being of citizens. It is worth noting that in this case exclusively quantitative (monetary) characteristics are taken into account.

Two methods are used:

• the sum of all income, including salary, profit, rent, capital;
• the sum of all expenditures: from consumption to net exports.

GDP=Consumption+Investment+Government spending+Net exports

In this case, net exports are equal to total exports minus imports.

In theory, regardless of the method used to calculate GDP, the result should always be the same. The ranking of GDP of countries around the world may differ from different organizations. This is because not all countries use the same systems of national accounts.

Rating of countries of the world 2018

Below is the Top 10 leading countries in terms of domestic gross product for 2018.

What does the rating say?

The ranking of countries with GDP per capita looks completely different, here the top ten includes Luxembourg, Switzerland, Qatar, Norway, USA, Singapore, Denmark, Ireland, Australia, Iceland. It is calculated based on the population of the country, that is:

• GDP per capita=total GDP/population of the country

The ranking by overall GDP tells how the economy as a whole is performing, without being tied to the number of people in a country, while GDP per capita shows their well-being. The smaller the population, the better developed the economy, the higher the standard of living.

Industry analysis GDP structure helps to identify those activities from which income needs to be increased, as well as those for which costs need to be reduced. In times of crisis this is especially important, because further development economy depends on decisions made, and too soft an attitude towards certain areas of social and economic life may lead to collapse. As a rule, tough decisions pay off in the long term, but at the same time, it is unlikely that anyone can predict with absolute accuracy the development of the world economy and politics in the future.

In addition, countries' GDP rankings have an impact on stock market. Constant economic growth strengthens national currency, which creates favorable conditions within the country. In addition, positive dynamics can lead to serious investments in the country. However, there are precedents when the indicator was artificially increased. For example, this can be done by including in the calculation the proportion of components that were not previously taken into account. Therefore agents stock exchanges carefully analyze real situation economy and identify what can really affect changes in exchange rates and the value of shares of a particular company.

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