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Gross Domestic Product - GDP is a popular economic value. With its help, the volume of material wealth created in the country during the year is measured. There is one more parameter - GRP - gross regional product. It can be calculated for each region separately. This allows you to compare different subjects of the Federation. Today we will study it in more detail.
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GRP is calculated slowly. Data for 2017 is not yet available. Therefore, we will use figures for the year 2016. First, let’s look at which subjects of the Federation are the largest in terms of this indicator.


Watch the Economics program on the Crimea-24 TV channel

Archive of programs.
Moscow is in the lead. Its share in the structure of all-Russian GRP is 21% .


The number is big. It is interesting to look at it carefully under a microscope. Rosstat provides this opportunity. Here is the structure of Moscow's GRP.


An insignificant share of Agriculture, zero on mining. By the way, the fact that many enterprises operate in the regions but are registered in Moscow does not affect the calculation of the regional product. Only goods produced or services provided are taken into account. If mining is not carried out in Moscow, then there is nothing to count. Therefore, we see a zero indicator here.
But what Moscow has great is trade and real estate. They collectively account for more than half of the GRP. It was they who gave such an impressive result.


Moscow is of enormous commercial importance for the whole of Russia. There are a large number of wholesale warehouses and markets there. Moscow conducts active trade with all subjects of the Federation. There is a large flow of goods through it. They are sold both wholesale and retail. As for real estate, everything is clear here. Firstly, it is expensive, and secondly, it is in high demand. Therefore, the housing and office space market gave a significant increase to the overall treasury.


Well, the Moscow manufacturing industry (plants and factories) gave the region 12% from his GRP. Moscow is a major center of mechanical engineering, machine tool, shipbuilding, and instrument making; ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, chemical, light, printing industries. Here is the Khrunichev Center, which develops Proton launch vehicles and upper stages for them.


Also, a large number of military enterprises are concentrated in Moscow. The Tyumen region is in second place in terms of GRP. In the table it is given together with the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansiysk regions included in it autonomous okrugs. Such a significant gross regional product is explained by the richness of the subsoil. IN Tyumen region extract oil and gas. This region is an important source of hydrocarbons not only for Russia, but also for the whole world.


In the structure of GRP, mining accounts for 54% . Thanks to this, such a high position in this ranking was achieved. The third, fourth and fifth places are quite expected for St. Petersburg, the Moscow region and the Krasnodar Territory. Also among the regions with an impressive economic size should be included Sverdlovsk region, Tatarstan and Krasnoyarsk region.
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Speaking about Moscow, I said that in the structure of its GRP manufacturing industries occupy 12% . Let's see in which regions of the Federation this area is at its maximum levels. I will name the regions where the manufacturing industry has a share of the economy above 30%.


The Lipetsk region has a national record: 42% .


Refrigerators and freezers are produced here, granulated sugar and canned fruits and vegetables are produced. The Novolipetsk Iron and Steel Works plays a major role in the economy of not only the region, but also the country.


I will briefly mention other subjects of the federation, which have a high share of the manufacturing industry in the structure of the economy. This Tula region, Vologda, Omsk, Kaluga, Vladimir, Chelyabinsk, Novgorod and others.
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Let us turn to the indicators of Crimea and Sevastopol.


Our Republic among others Russian regions occupies according to GRP 54th place. Sevastopol on 82nd place, but he shouldn’t be embarrassed because of this, because his area and population are not large. The dynamics are noteworthy: both Crimea and Sevastopol are rapidly increasing their gross regional product. The successes of the 16th year compared to the 14th year are impressive.


The growth is partly explained transition period. In 2014 there was a low comparison base. The economy was being rebuilt and put on new tracks. But even taking this clause into account, the GRP of Crimea is growing by leaps and bounds. Housing construction alone has increased over last year three times, and it is part of the regional product. Now the peninsula’s share in the country’s economy is half a percent. But it is quite clear that this is just the beginning, and this role will increase in the coming years.

Page | 38

Introduction…………………………………………………………….……..2

Theoretical concepts

1.1. Gross regional product………………………………….…..4

1.2. GRP in the system of national accounts…………………………….…..6

1.3. Methods for calculating GRP. Production method for calculating GRP…………………………………………………………………………………..….….12

2. Calculation part………..……………………………………………...19

Task 1……………………………………………………………………………….20

Task 2………………………………………………………………………………….27

Task 3………………………………………………………………………………….33

Task 4…………………………………………………………………….35

List of references…………………………….….…37

Appendix…….………………………………………………………..38

Introduction

To obtain a holistic picture of the functioning of the country's economy, a set of interrelated indicators is used that characterize the results of economic activity at the micro (individual enterprise, organization), meso (sector or industry) and macro level (country as a whole).

Outcome indicators economic activity in the system of national accounts are divided into indicators:

Gross results;

Final (net) results.

Gross indicators differ from net ones by the amount of consumption of fixed capital.

The main macroeconomic indicators characterizing the socio-economic situation of the region and the effectiveness of decisions made by local authorities and management are: gross regional product (GRP);

The basic general indicator in the system of national accounts (SNA) is the GRP indicator, since it characterizes the level of economic development and the performance of all economic entities in the region (republic).

Due to the fact that gross regional product is a key indicator of the system of national accounts at the regional level, it is used by the Ministry of Finance. GRP is an indicator of the general economic condition of the region. It gives an idea of ​​the overall material well-being of the region, since the higher the level of production, the higher the well-being of the country.

The main quantitative indicator characterizing economic growth is gross domestic product (GDP), and at the level of a separate region - gross regional product (GRP), which assesses the value of goods and services created as a result of production activities by institutional units on economic territory of a given country, usually for a year. The GRP indicator is very important for the economy as a whole. It is used to characterize production results, the level of economic development, economic growth rates, analyze labor productivity in the regional economy, and so on.

The purpose of this work is to study GRP, how the most important indicator regional accounting systems. In the first section course work The basic concepts of GRP and GVA, the method of calculating GRP (production method) are considered.

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that it is necessary to highlight the factors that contribute to a long-term increase in the ability to satisfy the increasingly diverse needs of the population for products of economic activity, the features of this process in the region, as well as to identify the main problems that arise in this case.

Theoretical concepts

Gross regional product

Gross regional product(GRP) is a general indicator of the economic activity of the region, characterizing the process of production of goods and services. The publication of data on GRP was previously carried out in market prices Oh. The assessment of GRP at basic prices differs from the assessment at market prices by the amount of net (less subsidies on products) taxes on products. GRP in basic prices is the sum of added values ​​in basic prices by type of economic activity.

Gross regional product is an indicator or indicator of the state of the regional economy, measuring gross value added, calculated by excluding the volume of intermediate consumption from the total gross output.

The indicator of gross regional product is, in its economic content, very close to the indicator of gross domestic product. However, there is a significant difference between the indicators of gross domestic product (at the federal level) and gross regional product (at the regional level). The sum of gross regional products for Russia does not coincide with GDP, since it does not include value added for non-market collective services (defense, public administration, etc.) provided by government institutions to society as a whole. 1

The result of a region's production activity in monetary terms is the gross regional product (GRP) at market prices. GRP is a general indicator of the economic activity of the region. It is created as a result of the use of production factors within the region and characterizes the potential volume of supply of goods and services.

The significance of the GRP indicator in the macroeconomic aspect is due to the fact that data on the results of regional production activities are used by state economic regulation bodies to develop regional policy and make decisions in the field of social, fiscal, and monetary policy. In addition, GRP allows for interregional comparisons in order to assess the place of each region in the system of economic relations within the Russian Federation and identify patterns and imbalances in regional development. 2

The developed tools make it possible to calculate the main macroeconomic indicator of the region - GRP - using the production method, the priority of which is determined by the availability of the necessary information. In this case, gross value added is summed up for institutional units, grouped by type of activity or economic sector. GVA for each type of activity (sector) is calculated as the difference between output at basic prices and intermediate consumption. To estimate GRP in market prices (consumption prices), the amount of taxes on products is added to the resulting amount in basic prices and subsidies on products are subtracted. Methodological differences between GRP and GDP are associated with the presence of elements in GDP that cannot be fully or partially determined at the regional level.

A part of GDP, in principle, cannot be attributed to any territory, because they represent the cost of collective services provided to society as a whole (defense, partial public administration, international cooperation). These services are financed by Federal Treasury and their value is taken into account only when calculating GDP.

Banking activities have certain specifics. A specific bank can be registered as a legal entity in the territory of one region and perform financial intermediation in the territory of both this and other regions. Therefore, it is problematic to link the total cost of financial intermediation services (except for insurance services) and indirectly accounted for financial intermediation services included in intermediate consumption to a specific region. This volume is determined by the State Statistics Committee of Russia only at the federal level and for the economy as a whole.

GRP in the system of national accounts

The development 3 of market relations in our country required the restructuring of domestic statistics, the introduction into it of indicators and their systems, adapted to characterize the functioning of market economy. This also applies to macroeconomic indicators, including general view characterizing the most important results and proportions of economic development. In addition, in connection with Russia’s accession to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), it became necessary to apply in domestic statistics the system of national accounts used in most countries of the world and recommended by some international organizations .

The system of national accounts of the Russian Federation (SNA of the Russian Federation) began to be created in reality in 1991 with the development of the corresponding national methodology and the carrying out, first, of experimental and then regular calculations of the main accounts. Methodological work in the field of creating the SNA was carried out by the State Statistics Committee of Russia together with the OECD, the IMF, the CIS Statistical Committee, the Central Bank of Russia, the Ministry of Economy of Russia, the Center for Economic Conjuncture, ISEI, MESI and other scientific and economic organizations.

The SNA of the Russian Federation was based on the calculation principles of the European System of Integrated Economic Accounts (ESIEA). Currently, the SNA of the Russian Federation is being revised in accordance with the new international methodological standard for national accounts adopted in 1993 by the UN, OECD, IMF, World Bank and Eurostat.

National accounts are a system of interrelated statistical indicators that characterize macroeconomic processes. This system constructed in the form of a specific set of accounts and tables.

The System of National Accounts describes financial flows, characterizing the activities of all resident economic agents from the moment of Production to the moment of final consumption or creation different types accumulation.

Each stage of the reproduction process (production, primary distribution of income, secondary distribution of income, use of income for final consumption and accumulation) corresponds special account or group of accounts

The account is a table that includes two sets of indicators characterizing: a) resources and b) their use. In each account, equality (equilibrium) is observed between the volume of resources and their use, which, as a rule, is achieved by p. help balancing items.

Gross regional product is an indicator that measures gross value added, calculated by excluding the volume of intermediate consumption from the total gross output. At the national level, GRP corresponds to gross national product, which is one of the basic indicators of the system of national accounts.

The calculation of the gross regional product (GRP) indicator is carried out by territorial state statistics bodies as part of the implementation of elements of the system of national accounts (SNA) at the regional level. The calculation methodology was developed in the central office of the State Statistics Committee of Russia and is uniform for all regions.

The system of national accounts is a detailed statistical model, including a system of interrelated macro-level indicators. The SNA exists as an international standard recommended for implementation in various countries by the UN Statistical Commission, IMF, IBRD, OECD and the Commission of the European Communities. The SNA includes a set of statistical tables called accounts, each of which characterizes a specific stage economic cycle: production, education and income distribution, expenditure on final consumption and accumulation. The central macroeconomic indicator around which the rest of the system is essentially built is the gross domestic product (GDP) indicator. Statistical summary and analytical grouping of a sample of regions of the Russian Federation for 2007 Gross regional product ...

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The economic status of each subject of the Russian Federation makes it relevant to use a variety of tools for assessing economic well-being, financial balance and conditions of competition not only in the domestic but also in the world market. These tools are extremely necessary for the implementation of effective federal policy, which is aimed at eliminating interregional imbalances and strengthening the integrity of the economy and politics. The independence of the regions leads to the actualization of regional policy and to the significance of such an indicator as the regional gross product.

Information support using GRP

Prosperity becomes a call to develop regional management solutions with modern approaches To information support And economic feasibility. The optimal basis for analyzing the characteristics of a complex market economy is the system of national accounts, or SNA. At the regional level, the SNA appears in the SRS format (system of regional accounts). The central position in the SNA belongs to gross domestic product, or GDP. The regional analogue of GDP in the SNA is the regional gross product, or RGP. This indicator shows the level of economic development and is a unique reflection of the results of economic activity of each of the economic entities within the region. GRP is used as the basis for the formation of regional accounts.

Why is GRP calculated?

On the territory of Russia there are about 89 administrative-territorial entities, localized in different time zones, differing geographical location and the level of economic and social development. GDP reflects only the general situation in the country, not allowing one to clearly see how things are in different parts of the country, which eliminates the possibility of making objective decisions. The state is interested in data that can comprehensively characterize the situation in each individual corner of the country.

Differentiated by the regional gross product, it allows us to develop an appropriate economic policy and evaluate the effectiveness decisions made not at the country level, but at the regional level. With the help of GRP dynamics, in combination with cost and natural indicators, it is possible to establish the direction and intensity economic processes, which can serve as a strong impetus for development at the interregional level. GRP plays a big role in calculating macroeconomic indicators and in reforming interregional relations. The indicator serves as a guideline in the process of distributing funds from the “Fund for Financial Support of Subjects of the Russian Federation”.

So what is GRP?

Regional gross product is, in fact, a generalized characterizing the level of economic development of the region. It reflects and characterizes the process of production of goods and services. The volume of GRP indicates the value of all goods and services produced in all economic sectors in a particular region. At the first stages of introducing the indicator into economic analysis data were published taking into account market prices. The assessment of GRP in the format of basic prices differs significantly from the assessment in market prices by exactly the amount of net taxes on products. Subsidies are not taken into account. GRP in the dominant workshops reflects the amount of added value in basic prices with a focus on a specific type of economic activity.

The structure of the GRP, or what it includes

Gross regional product is calculated taking into account the basic price, which is calculated per unit of goods or services. Taxes are not taken into account, but product subsidies are taken into account. Gross is calculated in each individual segment of economic activity as the difference between the output of goods or services and their intermediate consumption. The total price for the production of goods and services within one region is the volume of products produced. The release includes already sold goods with services market value. The average value is used for calculation. is taken into account in gross output, but only at cost. Intermediate consumption includes the value of goods and services that are fully used in production during the reporting period. Fixed capital does not play a role in calculating intermediate consumption. Expenses for the final use of GRP include expenses for households, for government agencies, for collective services. By assessing the volume of gross regional product and its structure, it is possible to determine the sources of financing for final consumption.

Calculation options

In conditions modern economy It is common to use several options for calculating GRP. The production method of calculating the indicator is used at the production stage. It is, in essence, the sum of gross value added, which is generated by each resident institutional unit in the economic territory of the region. Gross regional product, the calculation of which is based on the difference between the output of goods and services and their intermediate consumption, is formed on the basis of prices for goods and services that are fully consumed in production, and is carried out at the level of industries and sectors of the regional economy. GRP can also be calculated on the basis of current market prices by comparing them.

Difference between GDP and GRP

The gross regional product, which is calculated for each region, has significant differences from GDP. The difference between the indicators is the amount of added value. This may include:

• Non-market collective services government agencies: defense, management.
• Non-market services that are financed from the budget, but information about them is not available at the regional level.
• Services financial institutions, whose activities almost always extend beyond one region.
• Services related to foreign trade, data on which were collected at the Federal level.

Gross product: features of the indicator

The difference between GDP indicators and GRP form the costs of paying taxes in connection with imports and exports. This value is very problematic to calculate due to its specificity and uneven integration between individual regions. Gross regional product by region is calculated over 28 months. The SAC technique allows you to get faster results. The government uses many mechanisms to monitor the dynamics and growth of the indicator. An interesting fact is that in total all GRP indicators do not correspond to GDP, which is determined by the specifics of the calculations and the exclusion of additional costs.

Based on what data is GRP calculated?

The multifaceted structure of the gross regional product determines the use of both large quantity sources for calculating parameter values. Thus, in the CIS countries, experts take into account enterprise registers and reports on the production and sale of goods and services, reports on production costs. Sample surveys and special reporting at the regional level are taken into account. The calculation is carried out based on employment reports and on the basis of surveys of each individual segment of the economy, based on a survey of household budgets. Data are significant sources of information tax authorities and banking statistics, reports public organizations and data on the implementation of different types of budget.

GRP in Russian practice

Gross regional product by regions of Russia in in full characterizes the level of development of the region and is compared with macro-level indicators. It plays the role of a territorial factor in the development of social and economic processes. The calculation of the value is based on the methodological principles of the SNA, the development of which was carried out within the framework of the FSGS. Publication of results after their preliminary approval is also carried out at the FSGS level.

Forecasting of gross regional product is carried out based on data collected from all residents regional economy. These can be corporations, quasi-corporations and households whose center of economic interest is located directly in the region in question. For the first time, the calculation and analysis of the gross regional product was carried out in 1991 for 21 regions. Since 1993, all regional territorial authorities have taken part in the calculations. Since 1995, the assessment and calculation of GRP has been a mandatory condition for the implementation of " Federal program" Only in 1997 did the assessment of the dynamics of the indicator begin. It provides reasons for implementing the correct economic policy in the sphere of production and industry, which account for 60 to 80 percent of the total GRP in almost all regions.

A comparative analysis of the economic development of regions and a forecast of their evolution are at this moment current tasks of science and practice of the Republic of Belarus. The region, as a complex territorial entity, requires an analytical review of a large amount of information. The national statistics system provides science with a large set of data, but for cross-country and cross-regional comparisons some specific indicators are needed, for example, gross domestic product (GDP) and gross regional product (GRP). GDP is the central macroeconomic indicator, on the basis of which the system of national accounts (SNA) is essentially built. At the level of the Republic as a whole, the methodology for calculating GDP has been introduced since 1993, this is the so-called SNA-93.

However, recent research in the field of regional economics and its sustainable development shows that analysis of existing statistical indicators only at the republican level is insufficient to describe the underlying causes and features of the functioning of the national economy. For an in-depth analysis of the regional economy of the Republic of Belarus, it is necessary to rely on the world experience of territorial management, the work of domestic and foreign scientists.

For example, N.E. Tochitskaya assesses the competitiveness of regions of Belarus using a number of official statistical indicators, noting that it is generally accepted to measure the competitiveness of regions on the basis of GRP. Famous Russian economist A.G. Granberg points out the special value of GRP as an indicator regional analysis. A.P. Pankrukhin in his book “Marketing of Territories” considers the GRP indicator to be a means of assessing the development and attractiveness of regions. G. Gozelak, B. Yalowiecki, A. Evtukhovich assess the competitiveness and level of development of Polish regions using GRP per capita. At the same time, the use of such indicators at the regional level in our country is just beginning.

1. Methodology for calculating GRP based on available statistical information.

In the framework of this article, we consider it necessary to dwell on the analysis of the possibilities of calculating and using the gross regional product (GRP) indicator as the most important indicator of the competitiveness and economic development of a particular region. GRP is an indicator similar to GDP, but determined at the regional level. Today, the GRP indicator in the Republic of Belarus is not calculated by official statistical bodies, while in the Russian Federation this experience already exists. It can only be noted that the Research Institute of the Ministry of Statistics and Analysis is conducting certain theoretical studies, and there are original calculations of GRP for certain regions of the Republic of Belarus.

For example, G.N. Plaksina, in her dissertation research, calculated the gross regional product for the Mogilev region (as formulated by the author) in three main ways, defined in the system of national accounts (SNA). However, all of them are described without indicating the reporting forms and the specifics of calculating the final indicator. One should also mention the article by the scientific team consisting of N.Ch. Bokuna N.N. Bondarenko, Yu.Yu. Gnezdovsky “Test calculations of the gross regional product in the Republic of Belarus.” Its advantages include the presence detailed description the sequence of the calculation of the GRP of the Grodno region, indicating the data sources and the specifics of the calculation for individual industries.

Kosterova and N.G. Berchenko in their work criticize the GRP for the lack of a unified methodology for calculating the indicator and the high costs of collecting and processing the material. The authors used about 60 reporting forms and performance reports local budgets. But the article does not contain a description of the calculation methodology; only specific values ​​of the GRP of the region and districts are given, as well as some conclusions on the features of calculating indicators.

We agree with the statement that GRP is not the only general indicator reflecting the state of the region’s economy. It is important to note the specifics of recording the activities of regional organizations. At the moment, some of this information is a trade secret. This necessitates the recognition of the fact that the final value of the region’s GRP will differ from the sum of the GRP of all its constituent districts.

Taking into account the peculiarities of statistical accounting in the Republic of Belarus, the list of reporting forms being developed and the indicators contained in them, we can conclude that it is possible to calculate GRP at the regional or district level production method. Gross regional product, calculated using the production method, must reflect the total product produced by all enterprises and organizations in a given region.

According to the SNA methodology, when calculated using the production method, GDP is equal to the difference between the output of goods and services in the republic as a whole and intermediate consumption or the sum of added values ​​created in sectors of the economy. At the same time, according to the SNA methodology, the volumes of added value are calculated by industry in basic prices. For enterprises and organizations, intermediate consumption in in value terms, therefore, represents part of the cost.

Ideally, to calculate the GRP of a particular region, it is necessary to summarize the data in the context of sectors (industries) related to this region. However, the existing methodology for recording data from the “Households” sector does not allow identifying indicators at the level of individual regional districts. In addition, activity accounting individual entrepreneurs carried out by statistical authorities not on an ongoing basis. Volume data entrepreneurial activity are in regional unions of entrepreneurs, which makes it even more difficult to obtain information. As a result, the “Households” sector is not taken into account when calculating GRP for the region and districts. For other sectors, information is more accessible.

Methodology, systematization and unification of forms of statistical and financial statements allow us to conclude that the total GRP indicators calculated for regions or districts

There is either no such data at the regional level, or their distribution among individual regions is difficult and expensive. Therefore, analyzing similar data at the level of the Republic of Belarus, we can say that their absence in the GRP indicator will not lead to fundamental changes.

In turn, the GRP indicator, obtained as the sum of the GRP of individual districts, will be less by the part of the GRP produced by regional organizations.

Since one of the main goals of justifying the methodology for calculating GRP is to ensure economic feasibility, then based on the above, we can suggest:

1. Consider form No. 5-3 “Report on the costs of production of products (works, services)”, and form No. 1-MP “Report on the financial and economic activities of a small business entity” as the main ones for calculating GRP, since the performance indicators of enterprises in these forms taken into account by industry. The use of reporting forms common to all industries allows us to reduce the costs of collecting and processing information and virtually eliminates the possibility of double counting.
2. Do not include data on the activities of organizations of republican significance in the GRP of the district.
3. Consider the “Report on the execution of the local budget” as the main reporting form for calculating output and intermediate consumption indicators budgetary organizations.

For budgetary organizations and funds, according to our calculations: B = Expenses for the purchase of goods and payment for services + Consumption of fixed capital.

The source of information on the expenses of budgetary organizations, budgetary and off-budget funds is the “Report on the execution of local budgets”. This form does not take into account the consumption of fixed capital of budgetary organizations and funds. As a source of such an indicator, you can use either Form No. 1 - “balance sheet” filled out by budgetary organizations, or summary reports “On the presence and movement of main and working capital budgetary organizations of the region" regional statistics departments.

The indicator of consumption of fixed capital is calculated as the difference between the amount of depreciation of fixed assets at the end and beginning of the year (in last years depreciation of fixed assets is called "depreciation").