It is no secret that the growth of the food industry in our country is an important driving factor in the development of the packaging industry. This is in line with global trends, which he spoke about CEO National Confederation of Packers (NKPak) Alexander Boyko, speaking on May 17, 2018 at the scientific and practical conference "Requirements for labeling and packaging of food products released to the consumer market" at the Moscow State University of Management Technologies. K.G. Razumovsky (PKU).

The data presented by the speaker on the global food packaging market are really impressive: 1,800 billion units of food and beverage packaging are produced annually in the world, 275,000 units of new food packaging are introduced to the market annually, and the turnover of the global packaging market, according to experts, will reach 2020 by 2020. $1 trillion. Probably, few markets can boast of such volumes and dynamics.

With all this, food losses in the world for various reasons amount to approximately 1.2 billion tons. A significant number of losses arise due to poor-quality packaging or its absence. According to Alexander Boyko, many people in our Russian market were convinced of this when, as a result of the 2008 crisis, manufacturers began to save on packaging, use cheaper materials, and purchase packaging of poorer quality. And the effect of this was felt almost immediately, food losses increased significantly. These trends have been overcome and today we have a different approach to packaging.

As for the Russian packaging market, it is one of the ten largest world markets, according to the World Packaging Organization (WPO). The structure of the domestic packaging market has remained approximately the same since 2009, when for the first time the share of polymer packaging exceeded the share of cardboard and paper packaging. The share of paper and cardboard packaging in Russia is 36%, flexible packaging - 20%, rigid polymer containers - 18%, glass containers - 12%, metal containers and packaging - 10%. Another 4% is accounted for by other packaging. It is obvious that the market for consumer packaging is dominated by flexible polymer packaging, one of the most interesting segments of packaging production at the present time. At the same time, a lot of problems are associated with its production and use.

As noted Alexander Boyko, There are also interesting trends in packaging engineering. After the unfavorable 2015, when the import of packaging and filling machines dropped sharply, the market sank quite strongly. But today we are witnessing a revival in this market. Our country has again become one of the largest consumers of Italian and German equipment, but the requirements for this equipment have changed significantly due to the fact that better and more environmentally friendly materials are used, and the circulation of packaging production has dropped sharply. Until recently, printers did not accept orders for printing less than 50,000 packaging units, but today they are happy with even 5,000. Thus, the requirements for equipment that could previously produce a huge amount of the same type of packaging have changed significantly. Today, packers are interested in quick changeover and equipment safety.

In Russia, the growth in the production of machinery and equipment for the food industry (including filling and packaging) in 2016 amounted to 6% compared to 2015. In 2017, according to experts, the production of this equipment in our country will increase by 25% and its volume will be 15.75 billion rubles.

Negative factors in the development of the packaging industry

First place among the negative factors Alexander Boyko put the fall in the purchasing power of the population. Unfortunately, purchasing power has been declining over the past four years. So, in January - July 2017 real cash income population decreased by 1.4% compared to the same period previous year. During the year there was a slight increase, but by the end of 2017 they had not yet reached the level of 2014. The speaker emphasized: refreshment."

Another negative factor - the desire of industrial consumers to save - has been talked about for quite a long time. But the most important thing is that this desire should take into account all factors of packaging circulation, from the use of raw materials to environmental issues. According to Alexandra Boyko, "It does not matter here how you feel about this or that material, it is important to calculate all costs, all losses, or, conversely, all the pluses." Speaking about polymer packaging, it should be noted that due to the reduction of material consumption and the use of better materials, multilayer films, there is a saving in transport and warehouse operations. This is important today because transportation and storage costs are on the rise.

Environmental issues today fully affect the packaging market. In 2016, a law on production and consumption waste was adopted. It does not refer directly to packaging, but to the materials used in the production of packaging. This law will come into full force on January 1, 2019, although waste collection standards have already been developed today.

CEO NKPak also put the underestimation of the packaging industry in a number of negative factors. At present, the industry has not aroused much interest from the state and society, which it really deserves. All programs accepted in the region Agriculture and the food industry, little attention is paid to packaging issues. Alexander Boyko expressed hope that this situation would change, as packaging is one of the largest sectors of the Russian economy.

Among other negative factors influencing the packaging market, the speaker also referred to problems with the training of personnel for the packaging industry, as well as the import of raw materials. At the same time, for last years imports of finished packaging products were significantly reduced. If in the early 2000s we had a significant number of imported packaging products of all kinds and types, today imports are no more than 20%. And then, this import is often explained by geographical issues, when it makes no sense to bring something from the center of Russia to the border and it is easier to purchase something from neighbors, for example, in China or Turkey, which are actively working in our market.

Another factor. Retail has greatly changed the packaging market. turnover retail in January - July 2017, it decreased by 0.2% compared to the same period in 2016. As of July 2017, the share of food products in the structure of retail trade was 48.2%, and non-food products - 51.8%.

Positive Factors

The first of the positive factors Alexander Boyko called the growth in the production of the food industry, which in recent years has been at least 4% per year. It is hoped that this growth will continue with the support of the state.

Another positive factor is the development modern systems retail. Today, the vast majority of goods in supermarkets are sold in packaging. The development of retail trade in all regions of Russia also contributes to the development of the packaging market.

Social and demographic factors also have an impact on the packaging market. The reduction in the number of families, the desire for healthy lifestyle life, the acceleration of the pace of life, the desire for convenience of consumption, the increase in life expectancy - all this has an impact on the development of packaging.

Safety also requires manufacturers to develop new types of packaging. According to the General Director of NKPak, serious progress is being observed here. We are talking about the introduction of new materials that can increase the shelf life of products and ensure product safety.

Among the positive factors Alexander Boyko called the growth in the production of certain types of food in Russia in 2017: confectionery + 3.4%; coffee + 19%; pasta +4.6%; meat semi-finished products +7.8%; nuts (packaged) + 13%. Average, domestic market food is growing.

Glitter and the challenges of flexible packaging

Flexible packaging has the advantage of offering a huge range, high barrier properties and good design. In the structure of the flexible packaging market, the share of polyethylene films is 43%, the share of PET is 33%. But there are a lot of problems with it in terms of ecology. Today there are many proposals for protection environment. There is talk of biodegradable packaging, separate collection and incineration of packaging waste. According to the Director General of NKPak, the main thing is to establish a system that will be able to extract materials suitable for recycling from waste.

Today, packers use polymers, paper materials, cardboard, metals, and glass. That is, packers are becoming one of the main consumers of traditional industries for the production of these materials. The question arises about the interaction of all participants in the value chain in packaging. According to Oleksandr Boyko, raw material suppliers for the industry have a large number of monopolists that have the ability to influence the prices of the packaging market. Producers of raw materials, packaging and consumers are adjacent links in the value creation process, that is, in fact, partners between whom it is necessary to establish long-term mutually beneficial relationship aimed at achieving an optimal result in the interests of the population.

Global packaging trends

Regarding the trends in the global packaging market, Alexander Boyko noted an increase in the share of flexible and rigid polymer containers and packaging in overall structure consumption. And in developing countries- at a faster pace. This is happening, among other things, due to the displacement of tin containers and glass bottles from the market.

In addition, competition between flexible and rigid polymer packaging is currently intensifying, as both packages can be used for food and beverage packaging.

Another global trend is the development of research aimed at improving the barrier properties of multilayer films and laminated materials, as well as at reducing the material consumption of products.

In the field of mechanical engineering, there is a trend towards high-speed filling equipment, where products are held by the neck. This will make it possible to replace rigid PET containers with flexible packaging, although PET is still the leader in the beverage industry.

Global trends also include an increase in online orders requiring other types of packaging (less colorful, more durable); growth in demand for "smart" packaging, packaging with augmented reality, special types packaging (for example, warming up); displacement of paper labels with transparent polymeric films; rising cost of raw materials and laminates; implementation of the principles of Industry 4.0.

Other publications in special projects:

About innovations in the field of food packaging to the magazine " Agrotechnics and technologies' said market participants.

In the food industry, interest in innovation in packaging is significant. The competition in the market is extremely high, and manufacturers need to constantly look for new solutions to attract the attention of consumers, deviate from competitors, increase sales and market share, explains Anna Balashova, Head of Marketing at SIG Combibloc (the Russian representative office of SIG Combibloc, the world leader in the field of system supplies of carton packaging and aseptic filling machines for liquid food products).

According to Viktor Semkin, General Director of the agricultural complex "Moscow"(Moscow; production and sale of vegetable products and herbs), the Russian market for food packaging today is quite developed and stable. Growth in demand for packaging materials contributes to the search for new solutions: the possibilities of highlighting goods on the store shelves are expanding, interesting packaging designs are being developed, printing possibilities for printing on corrugated products and polymer products are progressing. In addition, he emphasizes, it became possible to print on food PVC films, which was not previously possible.

He is supported by Katerina Maksimenko, head of the marketing department at the NanoComposite company (Republic of Belarus; production of environmentally friendly packaging materials). The main changes are often related to design - there is a growing need for packaging with high-quality printing up to 10 colors, there is an interest in films (BOPP) with a pearl (mother-of-pearl) effect, she says. Accordingly, food manufacturers focus on design (for example, simplistic and minimalist), color scheme (bright and bold colors, or, conversely, soft and calm), a personal message to their customers through packaging.

This, as Maksimenko explains, is the result of high competition and the need to stand out with products on the shelves in stores, to become noticeable and recognizable by the results of advertising campaigns. At the same time, she adds, the modern trend of consumption on the go is creating an increasing popularity of portioned packaging formats.

“In our segment (packaging of meat, fish and cheese in vacuum and gas), the popularity of piece products is growing - the number of sausage loaves is decreasing and the number of small portions (products cut on a slicer) is increasing,” confirms Tatyana Gramlikh, General Director of the Design Bureau "Begarat" ( complex solutions for the production and packaging of products from meat and other food raw materials). And traditional packaged products like sausages tend to have smaller portion sizes: less weight per sausage means less investment in packaging and less price per package on the shelf, notes Gramlich.

Traditional formats are being replaced by solutions that allow keeping the freshness, taste, structure of the product longer, and also reduce the time spent by the buyer on preparation. The issue of compactness is also important, the ability to save warehouse space and improve the efficiency of goods logistics, develops the topic Daria Lashchenko, Marketing Director of the Group of Companies " Damate» (cultivation and processing of turkey, milk processing and production of dairy products).

The introduction of new technologies, according to her, is greatly influenced by the requirements of the modern trade format: shelf life that allows delivering fresh products over long distances, and, of course, convenience for the end consumer. “Today we must not only produce a turkey, but also cut it into portioned pieces of a standard weight, pack it and inform how it can be cooked correctly and in a variety of ways,” explains Daria Lashchenko.

However, according to Tatyana Gramlikh, the requirements of food manufacturers for packaging are now fading into the background. The requirements of networks and distributors are much more important. “The end consumer wants packaging that takes up little space and shows the product well enough. Chain stores are guided by these wishes, she says. “In addition, the packaging must guarantee the safety of the goods throughout the entire shelf life, because the consumer is used to this and does not even think about this topic.”

As Viktor Semkin said, every year the opportunity to choose packaging suppliers, various services to optimize the packaging and transportation processes of both piece and group goods is growing. Major suppliers try to learn from the experience of foreign companies, expand their range, increase production capacity, strive to introduce new types and technologies of packaging that allow solving such problems as biosafety; reliability; the possibility of recycling; ease of manufacture, storage, transportation; high aesthetic properties; reduction of material consumption and cost.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in aseptic packaging: it allows you to reduce logistics costs, as well as develop both distribution throughout Russia and export to other countries.

Focused on convenience

In recent years, the technology of preparing culinary products directly in the package has become widespread, notes a lecturer at the Higher School of Biotechnology and Food Technology of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. Peter the Great, Advisor to the Chamber of Commerce and Industry Alexey Korzh. “For example, the new Mylar Cook concept of the American-Japanese concern Joint Ventures dupont Teijin Films meets two modern trends at the same time: convenient packaging and ease of preparation of the product,” says the expert. “It provides for the use of deep-drawn foil as a package for a meat product prepared for heat treatment and its subsequent preparation in this package.”

From his point of view, Sealpac is one of the few companies that focuses on the development of innovative packaging solutions on an ongoing basis. As an example, Alexey Korzh cites the TenderPac packaging system for fresh meat, which allows the production of packaging with two compartments. One contains the product itself, and the other, invisible to the buyer, contains an adsorbent composite that absorbs the flowing meat juice that occurs during the maturation and storage of meat. When opening this package, the meat juice does not flow out, and the product looks presentable on the counter, explains Alexey Korzh.

And to save space on the store shelf when selling cold cuts, according to him, Wipack's innovative packaging system is perfect. It is a package of sliced ​​sausages in a solid biomodified foil with a layer based on polyester, which is made in the format of a book for the convenience of trade display.

Currently, one of the popular ways to extend the shelf life of meat products and culinary products is the introduction of barrier technologies. “We use barrier films and trays with a protective atmosphere,” says Daria Lashchenko. - Their main advantage is the ability to keep meat fresh for up to 10-14 days without the use of any preservatives. Today, this is primarily a matter of convenience for the buyer: there is no need to freeze the meat, the packaging is airtight and allows you to save all the natural properties of the product.”

The market for aseptic carton packaging will grow in the next five years by 1-1.5% per year.

Anna Balashova from SIG Combiblock notes that the food packaging market is very diverse, globally it can be divided into two segments according to the type of packaging: aseptic and non-aseptic. According to her, the development of aseptic technologies makes it possible to produce a product with minimal losses of the vitamin-mineral complex and preserve it for a long time without the addition of preservatives and any artificial impurities. And this is a big plus for producers of natural and healthy food products using asepsis, for example, Danone, PepsiCo, Coca-Cola.

“Packaging should ensure the safety of not only the taste, but also the quality characteristics of the products,” says a representative of the press service of the Valio company (the Russian division of the Finnish concern Valio, the leading manufacturer of dairy products in Finland). - For example, enough long term storage of yoghurts that do not contain "E" additives and preservatives in their composition is determined, among other things, by high-tech aseptic opaque packaging, which allows the product to retain its beneficial properties and taste for a month from the date of manufacture.

In general, Valio pays great attention to the convenience of using products, the company representative continues. Therefore, products are brought to the market in small packages and with a long shelf life - up to 90 days. All this was made possible thanks to modern technologies production and aseptic packaging. In addition, the company strictly controls the safety of packaging materials. For example, for processed cheeses that are packaged hot, packaging made from polypropylene is used, which does not emit harmful substances when exposed to high temperatures.

SIG Combibloc notes that there is increasing interest in aseptic carton packaging, especially from dairy producers. "During economic crisis 2014-2016 Aseptic packaging sales growth rates have slowed down, as product bottling equipment and the packaging itself are significantly more expensive than non-aseptic counterparts,” explains Anna Balashova. “However, now the market is recovering, consumer activity is recovering, and manufacturers are increasingly interested in aseptic solutions, because they allow reducing logistics costs, as well as developing both distribution throughout Russia and export to other countries.” SIG Combibloc estimates that the aseptic carton market will grow at a rate of 1-1.5% per annum over the next five years.

Due to a significant change in the lifestyle of a modern person, the general type of food consumption is changing. “Our life has become much faster, and there is no time for full breakfasts, lunches and dinners. Therefore, a noticeable trend has become an increase in the consumption of products “on the go”,” says Anna Balashova. In this regard, according to her, the categories of “healthy snacks and snacks” are actively developing. And packaging solutions are also changing towards portioned formats (150-500 ml) and more convenient options both in the form of packaging and in the type of opening.

In addition, Balashova notes, more and more consumers are choosing personalized products that will clearly meet their needs not only in terms of composition, functional properties and quality of the product, but also in terms of design and type of packaging.

Flexible packaging has shown significant growth over several years, notes another market trend Anna Balashova, adding that it allows replacing heavy and expensive metal and glass jars with light and affordable solutions. At the same time, the specialist makes a reservation, flexible packaging is not well suited for filling liquid food products, which is why combined carton packaging is an unsurpassed leader in this category.

In recent years, flexible polymer packaging has indeed been in great demand, confirms Katerina Maksimenko from NanoComposite. Preference, according to her observations, is given to polyethylene and polypropylene films, as well as combined materials based on PE, BOPP, paper, foil, etc. “This is due to the affordability of this category, the ability to quickly purchase it from local manufacturers,” Maksimenko explains. “It is also important that flexible roll packaging is lighter and more compact, and this allows us to reduce the cost of transporting both the packaging itself and the products.”

Agrokombinat "Moscow" for its products, it uses various types of containers and packaging: corrugated cardboard, eco-inserts and polypropylene bags for salads and herbs, foamed polystyrene substrates, PVC films, BOPP, stretch, thermal labels and plastic box packs. “For packing vegetables, the main packaging material is foamed polystyrene and polymer packaging,” says Viktor Semkin. – The range of these types of packaging is wide, they are convenient to use, compatible with a wide category of food products, suitable for various options automation of the workflow, and also have a minimum cost, which helps to reduce the cost of packaging.

Corrugated cardboard is used to transport goods in the network. According to Semkin, unlike the plastic packaging that was previously used at the enterprise, it has a number of advantages: low cost, the ability to quickly adjust the design to the logistics requirements of the warehouse, a wide range of printing types, a large selection of suppliers with high-quality corrugated packaging, environmental friendliness and ease of processing and recycling.

Corrugated packaging is a biodegradable product, and its price in almost all cases is lower than plastic analogues.

The price of sustainability

The production and use of corrugated packaging not only ensures compliance with environmental regulations, but also contributes to commercial benefits. Corrugated packaging is a biodegradable product, and its price in almost all cases is lower than plastic counterparts, Victor Semkin explains.

The specialist said that the agricultural complex "Moscow" considers options for using eco-packaging for piece goods. However, despite the fact that its manufacturers are trying to focus on environmental friendliness, eco-packaging for piece goods still significantly exceeds the cost of analogues from other materials, which reduces its attractiveness. “Therefore, packing piece goods in eco-friendly packaging is only advisable when packaging premium and exclusive products,” Semkin believes.

In recent years, due to rising oil prices and intense environmental pollution, there has been an interest and need for environmentally friendly materials and packaging, says Kateryna Maksimenko. Especially, according to her, it is noticeable on foreign markets after the environmental campaign announced by the PRC authorities (the import of 24 common types of waste was banned into the country) and the signing of the directive on waste control by the European Commission (it is planned to switch to biodegradable / compostable or recyclable packaging by 2023).

"In Russia and the countries of the former Soviet Union this topic has not yet captured the consciousness of consumers and packaging manufacturers on such a large scale,” Maksimenko admits, “but it’s nice to see that some companies are concerned about the issue of ecology and have begun to produce biodegradable materials.”

National and international environmental regulations force many manufacturers to use recyclable materials in their production, require new technological and marketing solutions in the packaging industry, which leads to increased competition between packaging manufacturers, Victor Semkin agrees, adding that this has a positive effect on their customers - the choice of suppliers is expanding packaging materials and their range.

"NanoComposite" also tries to follow the global trends in the development of the packaging market. Their developers have created a mineral film "Smart Paper", which does not harm the environment and is completely biodegradable. In addition, the line of environmentally friendly products of the plant was expanded with the materials "Nanofoil" and "Smart Laminated Foil". “Packaging, of course, can combine commercial benefit and environmental care. Eco-friendly packaging does not have to be expensive,” says Kateryna Maksimenko.

So, according to consumers, the mineral film "Smart Paper" is not only cheaper than laminated foil, parchment, BOPP, but also surpasses them in its characteristics. “Smart paper” is used, in particular, by such Russian enterprises as Molvest, Kurskoye Moloko, Krymsky Molochnik, Voronezhsky Dairy Plant, Molochnoye Podvorye, Shebekinsky Butter Plant, etc.

Anna Balashova is also of the opinion that modern solutions can combine commercial benefits and care for the environment. “For example, most of the carton packaging has passed FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) certification. This mark guarantees that cardboard or other wood products have been produced in accordance with responsible forest management standards. And with proper forest management, the area of ​​​​landscaping increases, despite the regular cutting of trees, ”the specialist emphasizes.

Moreover, everything is implemented more projects for the production of plastic from vegetable raw materials. Others important aspects, according to Balashova, are the reduction of material losses and energy consumption in the production of packaging, as well as the use of innovative equipment and technologies that minimize environmental impact. “And, of course, the packaging must be 100% recyclable, which will allow you to use all the useful elements extracted from it several times in the most various fields activities. And this brings undoubted benefits, ”concludes Balashova.

National and international environmental regulations force many manufacturers to use recyclable materials in their production, require new technological and marketing solutions in the packaging industry.

It is also possible to combine commercial profit and concern for the environment in the packaging of meat products, Tatyana Gramlikh believes. She believes that the most environmentally friendly is the local production of products and, as a result, the elimination of transportation over long distances and the longest possible storage periods as a main priority. “However, this option runs counter to the interests of network trading, which dictates the requirements for manufacturers,” the expert notes.

Nevertheless, she continues, it is possible to reduce the environmental burden at least through a direct reduction in the volume of garbage. This requires choosing packaging that requires less material to produce, says Gramlich. “For example, these options include cheaper packaging in a vacuum instead of packaging in a rigid film in a gas. This reduces the cost of packaging materials in the price of the product and at the same time reduces the amount of waste that must be disposed of, ”the specialist emphasizes the advantages of the solution. According to her, European manufacturers are working in this direction today. However, this is not so simple: the marketing that develops new packaging needs to reorganize. But in Russia, alas, such trends are not yet observed.

Daria Lashchenko does not fully share the point of view of her colleagues. “We did a number of consumer studies where we raised the topic of packaging sustainability,” she says. “The young audience finds the issue of recycling more relevant, but although this factor attracts attention, it is still not decisive when choosing.” Eco-friendly packaging has development potential if it does not affect the cost of the product, Lashchenko argues.

Nevertheless, protecting the environment, taking care of one's health, the gradual transition to biodegradable packaging and tightening environmental requirements indicate that the future still belongs to environmentally friendly packaging materials, Viktor Semkin concludes.

Convenience, piece format, the ability to cook directly in the package, information content and safety - this is what will determine the vector of development of the industry in the near future, adds Daria Lashchenko from the Group of Companies " Damate».

“The future belongs to innovative packaging solutions that simplify the life of the consumer, are convenient to prepare and consume, and also ensure maximum safety of the product,” support Valio.

The market is tightening up

Tatyana Gramlikh, General Director of Begarat Design Bureau

“Manufacturers of packaging technology need more and more productivity and mobility every year. Product manufacturers have to pack a larger assortment on the same equipment, the load on it is growing, and other requirements appear: versatility, speed of changeover from one product to another.

More and more modular solutions are required - machines and lines have been operating for many years, and the buyer of equipment wants to be able to rebuild the lines many times over the service life: add devices, for example, labelers, or completely change packaging formats. Even small product manufacturers with only one packaging line may have different distribution channels that require fundamentally different packaging.

A separate topic is the automation of packaging and packaging in boxes. The level of automation of final operations in the meat industry is much lower than, for example, in the confectionery and dairy industries. Since an extraorbital growth in the number of packages in pieces is planned, automation becomes inevitable, which will entail the unification of the packages themselves, both types and formats.

General provisions
In accordance with the Work Plan of the FAS Russia on the analysis of the state of competition in commodity markets for 2008, approved by Order No. 1 of the FAS Russia dated January 10, 2008, the FAS Russia conducted a study of the market for a composite material based on cardboard for packaging liquid and viscous food products in Russian Federation for 2007.
When analyzing the state of competition in the said commodity market, the Department was guided by Order No. 108 of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia of March 25, 2006 "On Approval of the Procedure for Analyzing and Evaluating the State of the Competitive Environment in the Commodity Market".
1. Definition of product and geographical boundaries of the market.
In various marketing studies of the packaging market for liquid and viscous food products, it is noted that, in general, the packaging market is segmented into types of packaging, determined depending on the materials used as the basis for packaging, for example:
- packaging based on polymeric materials (plastic bottle, plastic cup (PET), plastic bag (Pouch) and others);
- packaging based on paper, cardboard (paper bag);
- glass containers ( Glass bottle, glass jar);
- metal container (aluminum can, tin can).
Each segment of the packaging market corresponding to a certain type of packaging can be considered as a separate product market, not interchangeable in terms of raw materials used and production technology, having its own composition of sellers and buyers.
The subject of this study is one of such segments of the packaging market for liquid and viscous food products - packaging based on cardboard, namely the market for a combined material based on cardboard for packaging liquid and viscous food products (hereinafter referred to as the market for combined packaging material).
The purpose of the market review is to study the competitive environment in the combined packaging material market, to determine the saturation of the market with the corresponding domestic product, and to determine the share of imported products.
About half of all packaging products (containers) for liquid and viscous food products account for the share of packaging from combined packaging material. Today, packaging made of combined packaging material, in comparison with other types of packaging, occupies a leading position in terms of use in the dairy and juice industries. For example, 97% of the so-called aseptic milk is packed in a package made of combined packaging material, which ensures the shelf life of milk up to 1 year. The use of such packaging provides products reliable protection from environmental influences, safety and high consumer properties.
Enterprises-producers of dairy, juice, wine products, which are the main buyers (customers) of the combined packaging material, are mostly equipped with technological equipment for bottling (packaging) products, strictly tied to the type of combined packaging material used. Each of the manufacturers of combined packaging material, first of all, produces and supplies to the buyer (customer) unique technological equipment (bottling line), which can only use a certain type of combined material. As a result, the buyers of the composite material do not have the opportunity to replace one type of composite material (from one manufacturer) with a composite material from another manufacturer. That is why the vast majority of types of combined material (from different manufacturers) are not interchangeable.
Thus, the interdependence of technological lines for bottling (packaging) liquid and viscous food products and the possibility of using strictly defined types of combined material on them (the manufacturer of technological equipment is also the manufacturer of the combined material) does not allow us to conclude that various types of combined material are interchangeable.
In this review, an analysis of the interchangeability of different types of combined packaging material is not given.
The geographical boundaries of the combined packaging material market is the territory of the Russian Federation, and, therefore, the combined material market is considered to be federal.
The market review was carried out for 2007.
The product studied in this review - a combined material based on cardboard for packaging liquid and viscous food products, according to Rosstat, does not have an unambiguous correspondence with the commodity groups available in OKP, OKPD and TNVED of Russia:
"OKP - 54 5344 "Combined material: paper or cardboard coated with polyethylene",
"OKPD - 21.12.56 "Paper, cardboard, cellulose wadding and a web of cellulose fibers, coated, impregnated, coated, with a painted surface or with printed signs (pattern), in rolls or sheets";
"TN VED of Russia - 48.11 "Paper, cardboard, cellulose wadding and webs of cellulose fibers, coated, impregnated, laminated, surface painted or decorated or printed, in rolls or rectangular (including square) sheets of any size."
In these groupings there is no indication that these products are intended "for food". In addition, in addition to cardboard, they indicate various types of products: paper, cellulose wadding and canvas from cellulose fibers.
Rosstat currently does not have data on the production of the combined material.
In order to clarify the identification codes for these products, the FAS Russia turned to Rostekhregulirovanie (developer of OKP) and the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia (developer of OKPD).
According to Rostekhregulirovaniya, these products can be classified as OKP 54 5300 "Packaging paper and cardboard with various types coatings and impregnation.
According to the information of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia, these products comply with OKPD code- 21.12.5 "Paper and paperboard processed".
According to the Federal Customs Service, these products are referred to as TNVED code 48.11.51.0009 "Paper, cardboard, cellulose wadding and webs of cellulose fibers, coated, impregnated, laminated, with a painted or decorated surface or printed, in rolls or rectangular (including square ) sheets of any size" and to code 48.11.19.200000 "Cartons, boxes, boxes, bags, bags and other packaging containers made of paper, cardboard, cellulose wadding or webs of cellulose fibers; boxes for file cabinets, trays for letters and similar products , paper or cardboard.
From the foregoing, it follows that the all-Russian classifiers commodity groups, which can be attributed to the combined material for packaging food products, are highly aggregated. In this regard, select from commodity group a separate heading is not possible.
Thus, at present, there are no statistical data on the volumes of production and sales of combined packaging material in the Russian Federation, as well as on the volume of imports to the Russian Federation and exports from the Russian Federation of combined packaging material for packaging for viscous and liquid food products. In this regard, this review uses information provided at the request of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia directly by economic entities engaged in the production and supply of the combined material to the Russian market.
2. Determination of the composition of sellers and buyers
Manufacturers and suppliers of composite packaging material
The following economic entities operate on the Russian market of combined packaging material:
- JSC "Tetra Pak" (Moscow),
- CJSC "Elopak" (Moscow),
- CJSC "Lambumiz" (Moscow);
- MoloPak LLC (Chekhov, Moscow region)
- LLC "Rospack" (Pushchino, Moscow region)
- SIG Combiblock GmbH & Co KG (Saalfelden, Austria).
CJSC "Tetra Pak" is part of the "Tetra Pak" group of companies (Sweden), which is a world leader in the field of processing, packaging and delivery of food products. Over half a century of history, Tetra Pak has also become one of the largest suppliers of equipment for the production of dairy products, yoghurts and cheeses, sauces and desserts, juices and nectars, water and wine, vegetable oil and many other products.
CJSC "Tetra Pak" is also the leader in the Russian market of combined packaging material. About 200 food industry enterprises are permanent partners and customers of CJSC "Tetra Pak" in Russia.
ZAO Tetra Pak is directly controlled by Tetra Laval Holdings, B.V. (Netherlands), she owns 100% of the shares of the company.
CJSC "Tetra Pak" produces combined material and blanks of standard packages from combined packaging material of various standard sizes (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 l) for packaging juice and dairy products (trademarks "Tetra Pak Aceptic", "Tetra Bric ", "Tetra Rex", etc.).
The production of combined packaging materials by CJSC "Tetra Pak" is carried out on the basis of "duplex" type cardboard produced by OJSC "Svetogorsk" (Svetogorsk, Leningrad region). The polyethylene and aluminum foil used in the production of composite material are imported from Switzerland.
Tetra Pak CJSC indicates the following identification codes for the combined material it produces: OKP - 54.81.14, 54.81.17 and the corresponding TN VED - 48.11.51.0009, OKP - 54.53.00, 54.53.15 and TN VED - 48.19.200000.
The company's products are supplied to all federal districts. The consumers of the combined packaging material are liquid food products manufacturing plants located throughout Russia. Among the main consumers are Wimm-Bill-Dann Foods OJSC (Moscow), UniMilk Company OJSC (Moscow), Lebedyansky OJSC (Lipetsk region), Multon CJSC (St. Petersburg). are a number large companies, for example, Wimm-Bill-Dann Foods OJSC and UniMilk Company OJSC, which have more than 15 liquid food manufacturing plants.
Contracts concluded by CJSC "Tetra Pak" for the supply of products contain conditions that do not depend on the place and / or method of delivery of products. Two methods of delivery are used: on the terms of self-delivery from the manufacturer's warehouse or on the terms of delivery to the buyer's warehouse, from where it is subsequently distributed by the customer to its manufacturing plants in different regions. The terms of delivery do not affect the price of products, the cost of transportation is indicated separately in the invoices.
According to information posted on the company's website, in August 2008. Tetra Pak completed construction in Gatchina Leningrad region the only one in Russia completely automated enterprise for milk processing. The plant has installed equipment for various Tetra Pak packaging systems based on cardboard - Tetra Brik Aseptic, Tetra Prizma Aseptic and Tetra Top - for packaging dairy, sour-milk and whey products.
CJSC Elopak is part of the Elopak group of companies (Norway), established in 1957.
Elopak currently has no enterprises in Russia for the production of combined packaging material and blanks from it. The production of combined packaging material and blanks from it is carried out at enterprises belonging to the Elopak group of companies and located in Germany, Finland, Holland, Ukraine (JSC Elopak-Fastov).
The combined packaging material of the Elopak group of companies (Pure-Pak trademark) is produced on the basis of cardboard produced by the Stora Enso concern (Finland).
CJSC "Elopak" supplies the Russian market with blanks of standard packages made of combined packaging material used for packaging milk and dairy products.
Standard packaging blanks made of combined packaging material supplied to the market by CJSC Elopak correspond to the codes: OKP - 51.14 and TN VED - 48.19.200000.
These products are supplied by CJSC Elopak to various regions of Russia. The main buyers are: OJSC "Wimm-Bill-Dann" (Moscow), OJSC "Ostankino Dairy Plant" (Moscow), OJSC "Company UNIMILK" (Moscow), PC "Vologda Dairy Plant" (Vologda), LLC "Polipak - Yug "(Rostov-on-Don).
These products are sold by CJSC Elopak mainly to end consumers (dairies), some of the products are sold to dealers. Delivery of products is carried out by concluding agreements (contracts) with customers.
Under the supply contracts, different terms of payment for products are provided, mainly sales are carried out on a prepaid basis. Delivery is carried out by third-party transport companies. Delivery terms mainly: EXW MOSCOW, CIP-Customer, DDP-Customer.
CJSC "Lambumiz" is the first domestic enterprise for the production of combined packaging material, has been operating on the market for 36 years. In the production of these materials, cardboard with one bleached layer is used, produced by OAO Mondi Syktyvkarsky LPK (Komi Republic), as well as imported raw materials - cardboard with two bleached layers, polyethylene.
The company produces blanks of standard packages from a combined packaging material (trademark "Pure Pak") with a capacity of 0.5 and 1 l for packaging milk and dairy products.
The blanks from the combined material of CJSC "Lambumiz" correspond to the codes: OKVED21.21. and TN VED - 48.19.20000.
The main consumers of these products are the enterprises of Siberia, the Far East, the Republic of Belarus (for which the share of deliveries exceeds 5%), as well as JSC "Sudzhansky butter-making plant" (Kursk region).
The specified products are delivered by rail to the regions of Siberia, the Far East, as well as to Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, to other enterprises in Russia and Belarus - by road (self-delivery by the customer's transport).
MoloPak LLC was founded at the end of 2004 and is a subsidiary of the Graffiti Printing House group of companies operating in the printing services market. The company specializes in the production of blanks from a combined packaging material for liquid food products (trademarks "Pure Pak" and "Rex Offset").
LLC "MoloPak" was the first in Russia to start using offset printing. For the production of blanks, MoloPak LLC uses an imported composite material - laminated cardboard made in the USA (not produced in Russia).
The blanks from the combined packaging material of MoloPak LLC correspond to the codes: OKPO - 71633631 and TN VED - 48.19.200000.
The Company supplies the above products to various regions of Russia. Regions where the share of product deliveries exceeds 5%: Stavropol region(JSC "VITA"), the Republic of Altai (LLC "Maima-Moloko", LLC "Kholod"), Yaroslavl (JSC "Yarmolprod", LLC "Dairy Products") and the Vologda region. (CJSC "Northern milk").
ROSPAK LLC is the youngest Russian enterprise, operating since 2007. The company is directly controlled by Danenery Investments Limited (Limassol, Cyprus).
The company manufactures blanks for standard packaging made of combined Gamble Top material made of laminated cardboard made in the USA, including those with aluminum coating; white color coated paperboard is supplied by Blue Ridge Paper Products Ink, Delaware, USA). The production capacity of the plant is more than 30 million units. pieces per month.
The main consumer of the company's products is OOO "UniMilk" (Moscow).
Blanks of standard packages from the combined packaging material of Rospak LLC correspond to the codes: OKPO - 73100502 and TN VED - 48.19.200000.
In addition to the above Russian manufacturers and suppliers of combined packaging material and blanks from it, a major supplier of these blanks to the Russian market is SIG Combiblock (Austria), whose products are imported by food enterprises under direct supply contracts with SIG Combiblock GmbH & Co KG (Industristrasse 3 , A-5760b Saalfelden, Austria).
SIG Combiblock GmbH & Co. KG is part of SIG Holding AG, headquartered in Sweden, which specializes in the development and production of aseptic packaging and filling equipment for milk, juices, non-carbonated drinks, wine, soups, sauces, baby food with long term storage. The holding includes 7 packaging factories and 1 filling machine factory, has its own research and development center, more than 40 offices on all continents.
The company has been operating in Russia (as well as Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan) since 1997. At present, the main consumers of the company's products in Russia are the following companies: for the production of juices - Nidan, Lebedyansky, Wimm Bill Dann, PepsiCo (juice lines - "My family", "Orchard", "Tropicana"), for the production of milk - Wimm Bill Dunn, UniMilk.
Today the company produces three series of packaging - combibloc, combifit, combishape (trademark "SIG Combibloc").
According to the Federal Customs Service of Russia, the packaging of SIG Combiblock has the TN VED code 48.19.200000.
In Russia is subsidiary LLC "SIG Combiblock" (Moscow), the main activity of which is the maintenance of Combiblock equipment, as well as the sale of spare parts at the request of customers-manufacturers of juices and milk, equipped with Combiblock bottling lines.
Buyers (consumers) of combined packaging material
As mentioned above, the buyers (consumers) of the combined packaging material are enterprises producing dairy, juice products, wine, etc.
The Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia requested from the largest companies producing dairy and juice products, such as Wimm-Bill-Dann Foods OJSC (Moscow), UniMilk Company OJSC (Moscow), Lebedyansky OJSC (Lipetsk region), CJSC "Nidan Juices" (Moscow region),
information regarding the combined packaging material they use.
JSC "Wimm-Bill-Dann Foods" (abbreviated as JSC "WBD PP") believes that the vast majority of types of combined packaging material from different suppliers are not interchangeable due to the fact that each of the suppliers primarily produces and delivers to the customer a unique technological equipment (bottling lines), which, when packaging liquid products (bottling), uses only certain appropriate packaging; the only (according to the company) case of interchangeability of these materials are combined packaging materials of the Pure-Pak types (supplier - Elopak CJSC) and Tetra Rex (supplier - Tetra Pak CJSC) of the corresponding containers under certain conditions.
In the opinion of WBD PP OJSC, cardboard packaging will continue to occupy a dominant position in the packaging market for liquid and viscous dairy and juice products based on the prevailing preferences of the population (convenient and hygienic storage, storage and use, environmentally friendly disposal), the number and age of the installed packaging equipment equipment (bottling lines) from manufacturers.
JSC UniMilk Company also uses combined packaging materials as packaging. Contracts with a number of suppliers of these materials provide for compulsory use packaging material of the manufacturer in the production of products on the equipment of these companies in order to maintain the possibility of warranty service for the equipment (for machines not older than 1 year.)
At the same time, to date, as a result of the joint work of the company's employees with specialists from companies producing combined packaging materials, partial interchangeability has been achieved when using Gamble Top type packaging.
JSC UniMilk Company believes that carton packaging is currently the most demanded market for packaging solutions and, most likely, in the next few years, the predominance of carton packaging will continue, and possibly increase.
OAO "Lebedyansky" - a manufacturer of juice products - uses combined packaging material and blanks from it, along with other types of packaging. The choice of the supplier of the combined packaging material or blanks from it is carried out in accordance with production needs and based on the prevailing market conditions at a certain point in time. Since the replacement of one type of combined packaging material with another requires the re-equipment of production facilities, the society considers that this replacement is difficult.
OJSC "Nidan Juices" - a manufacturer of juices, nectars and juice-containing drinks - uses a combined packaging material and blanks from it. According to the company, the combined packaging materials it uses from different suppliers are not interchangeable - they are used on production lines with different production technologies.
3. Volume calculation commodity market and the share of business entities in the market
On the basis of data on the volumes of production and sales, import and export of combined packaging material in 2007, the shares of economic entities - participants in this market were determined.
The largest manufacturer and supplier of combined packaging material and blanks from it in the Russian market is Tetra Pak CJSC with a share of 52.3%, followed by Lambumiz CJSC - 9.1%, MoloPak LLC - 4.7%, LLC "Rospack" - 1.1%.
The share of companies supplying the Russian market with imported blanks from combined packaging material accounts for a total of 32.8%, including: SIG Combiblock - 20.6%, CJSC Elopak - 12.2%.
4. Cost and price of goods
As shown by the analysis of data on the cost of a unit of production, selling prices and profitability, the highest cost and price of a unit of production, as well as the profitability of Tetra Pak CJSC.
LLC "Rospack" has been operating on the combined packaging material market for the second year (in 2007, the construction of the plant was completed), so there are no data for calculating profitability.
CJSC "Lambumiz" has a lower cost than CJSC "Tetra Pak" by 25.8%, but the selling price of a unit of production is 46.4% lower, and the profitability is 10 times lower.
CJSC "Elopak" and LLC "MoloPak" have on average approximately the same unit cost, selling price and profitability.
According to a number of Russian manufacturers of combined packaging material and blanks of standard packages, Elopak CJSC imports finished products from neighboring countries (Ukraine) duty-free and has the opportunity to sell it cheaper than, for example, MoloPak LLC and Lambumiz CJSC, and therefore with higher profitability.
It should be noted that unit cost, selling price and profitability indicators differ depending on the type and format of the combined packaging material, as well as on the region of delivery.
For example, CJSC "Elopak" calculates the profitability of sales without taking into account general production and general expenses. The overall profitability of the business, excluding these costs, is 11.5-12%, including by regions: 10-15% (Moscow), 5%-13% (Vologda), 8-9% (Rostov-on-Don).
The data on the profitability of the sale of a unit of production presented by CJSC Lambumiz also differ by region: 4.8% (Siberia and the Far East), 4.5% (Kursk region), 2.2% (Moscow), 5.1%, 6.2% (Republic of Belarus).
MoloPak LLC showed that the profitability of selling a unit of production by region is: 9.7%, 11.8% (Altai), 10%, 12% (Yaroslavl region), 12% (Vologda region), 13% ( Stavropol region).
5. Assessment of the state of the competitive environment in the combined packaging material market. Conclusions.
After analyzing the information provided by the participants of the Russian market of combined packaging material, taking into account the above, we can draw the following conclusions:
1) 5 Russian business entities located in the Moscow region (Moscow and the Moscow region) operate on the combined packaging material market in Russia, four of which are Tetra Pak CJSC, Lambumiz CJSC, MoloPak LLC and Rospak LLC carry out the production of combined packaging material and standard packaging blanks from it, CJSC Elopak - import of standard packaging blanks from combined packaging material from abroad (Ukraine, etc.). In addition, food companies directly import these blanks manufactured by the Austrian company SIG Combiblock into Russia.
The leader in the Russian market of combined packaging material in terms of sales volume is CJSC "Tetra Pak" with a share of 52.3%. Other participants have significantly smaller shares: SIG Combiblock - 20.6%, Elopak CJSC - 12.2%, Lambumiz CJSC - 9.1%, MoloPak LLC - 4.7% and Rospack LLC "- 1.1%.
It should be noted that Tetra Pak, Elopak and Sig Combiblock, in addition to the production of combined packaging material and standard packaging blanks, produce equipment for filling liquid and viscous food products from it.
2) This market can be attributed to a market with insufficiently developed competition. Only in recent years, new business entities (Elopak, MoloPak, Rospak) began to appear on the market, which gave impetus to the development of this market, where Tetra Pak was the only player for many years.
The composite packaging material market has prospects for developing competition and changing the state of the competitive environment. In addition, the development of competition in this market will push the development of packaging based on other materials.
3) the factors limiting competition in the market include:
"a small number of economic entities operating on the market;
" high customs duties on the import of imported raw materials (bleached baseboard, polyethylene, laminated cardboard) for the production of combined packaging material, as well as on the import of combined packaging material and blanks from it (the customs tariff rate is 10%);
"sale of combined packaging material at dumping prices (CJSC Elopak"), which is caused by disproportions in the current customs tariffs in the Russian Federation.
"binding liquid food filling equipment and used combined packaging materials of one supplier, and therefore, consumers do not have the opportunity to replace the combined packaging materials of different suppliers with one another.
4). Considering that, according to the results of this study, the share of Tetra Pak CJSC in the market of composite material based on cardboard for packaging liquid and viscous food products in the Russian Federation in 2007 was more than 50%, the FAS Russia considers it necessary to include Tetra Pak CJSC in the Register economic entities with a share of more than 35% on the market of a certain product.

Many people talk about that this year will not be the easiest for the construction industry. And the concrete market is certainly no exception. Already now we are witnessing hypercompetition: the concrete capacity in the region is about 4 times more than required.

This market continues to shrink. But the good news is that the fall is still less than it could be in the current conditions. Producers feared that in the first quarter the market decline would be 30%, but it was only about 16%. And this spring the market has revived a bit. It is possible to cite statistics according to which the total shipments in January 2016 were lower than those in 2015 by 34%. And already in March they were only 4% less than last year. The market capacity of ready-mixed concrete and mortar in 2015 decreased from 6.1 million to 5.6 million m3.

One of the problems with which we, manufacturers and even customers, must fight - low-quality products. In order to survive, some companies start selling completely substandard concrete at reduced prices. And everyone knows that dumping with damage to quality does not lead to anything good. Especially when it comes to concrete, which makes up about 60% of the building. Yes, developers are forced to save money, so they want the prices of building materials not to grow even though manufacturers are starting to work at zero. But what will we do if all this will ultimately affect the safety of construction? Who can guarantee that buildings made of this concrete will be durable and nothing will happen to them? Nobody!

Moreover, understanding What unscrupulous manufacturers "save", we fear that the service life of buildings made of such "material" will be 5-7 years, after which destruction will begin. Therefore, I would advise construction companies be more careful. And choose manufacturers who have proven themselves in the market, who will never work at the expense of quality. How to deal with this situation is an open question. One of the options is voluntary certification of concrete production, creation of a register of manufacturers and monitoring of the quality of concrete at construction sites. Moreover, reliable companies will definitely submit data to such a register. And this will help protect developers from the risk of buying low-quality concrete.

Expect lineup changes market leaders are not worth it, because big players do not plan to lose the positions gained over the years. So, "" both at the end of last year and at the end of the first quarter of 2016 takes first place. And we expect not only to consolidate, but also to increase this figure thanks to the cross-selling mechanism and the existing opportunities in related markets. building materials. This year, we can say for sure that small and medium-sized plants will suspend production in anticipation of a "thaw" in the concrete market. And when better times come, they will return to work.

According to the first results of the 2016 construction season, concrete market participants made positive conclusions. Against the predicted collapse in demand by 30%, the segment narrowed by 8%. This is in Moscow, in the regions the figure is slightly higher - at the level of 10-12%. Manufacturers consider the fact that an 80% drop in sales was provided not by large construction organizations, but by private developers, as a positive moment.

In autumn, sales of all products of the concrete nomenclature remain at the level of summer, but by the end of October a slight hype is expected. Builders will try to have time to buy concrete before the next rise in price, predicted for the winter.

Trends of the construction season 2016 in the market of concrete materials

Experts named the key trends of the autumn market:

• a gradual recovery in the activity of the private sector: if in April more than 90 orders per 100 orders were received from medium/large construction organizations, then in September private buyers of small lots already accounted for 15% of orders;
• slow price growth: in the light of the next innovations in the field of transport deliveries and customs transportation of equipment, the cost of concrete will steadily increase in the off-season, but manufacturers are making a lot of efforts to make this growth progressive;
• demand remains in short supply: according to data from Moscow manufacturers, the capacity of the demand market today is more than doubled by supply, which creates its own threats for an inexperienced buyer.

The basic problem associated with the production of concrete and products from it is the growing number of newcomers to the segment. Young companies without their own capacities, but with some margin financial opportunities offer material at bargain prices. In 99% of cases, its cost (5-8% lower than the price of a decent manufacturer) is ensured by the quality of the raw materials used.

Problems of the concrete market

In other words, Moscow is flooded with low-grade concrete, which is presented as a quality building material. Major representatives of the industry are sure that an experienced builder will not go for such savings, but in civil engineering the current situation can lead to serious accidents. And this applies to everyone concrete products:

• any long-term structure consists of 60% concrete, which determines its durability (today's savings of 5% on material will reduce the life of the object by dozens of times);
• the same channel plate B4, widely used in the arrangement of wells and communications, is responsible for the period of non-repair work engineering systems and the safety of their users (the quality of the product should not be in doubt);
• building mixtures made from low-grade raw materials can be both toxic and short-lived.

Everyone should fight the problem of non-conformity: manufacturers, buyers and regulatory authorities, experts are sure. The first determined the algorithm of actions for themselves. The quality of concrete is necessarily supported by a serious manufacturer with relevant documentation (including voluntary certificates). Many companies practice contractual sales of batches and guarantees for their own products, opening their own laboratories.

The contribution of the buyer of building materials to the reliability of future construction

What should the buyer do?

1. Work with experienced market participants. A serious plant, which is represented by large capacities and operates on regional market for a long time, will not risk its reputation in order to artificially keep prices.
2. Choose material at a reasonable price. There are non-price ways to save on purchases - deliver products by your own transport (if it is cellular concrete in blocks, for example), use the right to a discount for a regular customer, take part in the action.
3. Always check products for compliance with GOST 7473-2010. Work with factories that are ready to confirm their reliability with voluntary certificates.

Until the end of 2016, according to experts, concrete will rise in price by 5-7%. The most widely used mixtures based on it will increase in price by 10-12%. Finished products (blocks, slabs) will be least affected by this trend. The predicted increase in prices will be 3-5%. But by March-April, experts are waiting for their optimization and stabilization.