19.01.2016
According to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), in 2015 the number of international tourist arrivals increased by 4.4% and amounted to a total of 1,184 million. This means that compared to 2014 last year, there were about 50 million more tourists ( overnight travelers) have traveled to international destinations around the world. Based on the current trend and the data presented, UNWTO predicts that the growth in the number of tourist arrivals in 2016 worldwide will be 4%.
In 2015, for the sixth consecutive year since 2010, international arrivals grew faster than average level, and every year this figure grew by 4 percent or more. Overall, market demand was strong, although destination results are mixed due to unusual sharp fluctuations exchange rates, falling prices of oil and other commodities, which increased disposable incomes in importing countries but reduced demand in exporting countries, and rising concerns about the safety and security of people.
By region, in 2015 growth rates in Europe, the Americas and Asia-Pacific were about 5%. Arrivals in the Middle East increased by 3%, while in Africa, according to the limited available data, this figure is estimated to have fallen by 3%, mainly due to the weak performance of North Africa, which accounts for more than one third of arrivals in the region .
Europe (+5%) led the way in absolute and relative growth, supported by the weakening of the euro against the US dollar and other major currencies. The number of arrivals in Europe reached 609 million, which is 29 million more than in 2014. Central and Eastern Europe (+6%), after falling in the number of arrivals last year, has regained its position. Northern Europe (+6%), Southern Mediterranean Europe (+5%) and Western Europe (+4%) also recorded good results, especially given that many of these are established destinations.
In Asia-Pacific (+5%), international tourist arrivals increased by 13 million last year to 277 million, although destinations were mixed. The leaders in terms of growth rates belong to Oceania (+7%) and Southeast Asia (+5%), while in South Asia and Northeast Asia the increase was 4%.
The number of international arrivals in the Americas (+5%) increased by 9 million to 191 million, contributing to the strong performance in 2014. The appreciation of the US dollar stimulated outbound tourism from the United States of America and favored the Caribbean and Central America (7% increase in each of these regions). The results for South America and North America (both +4%) were close to the average.
Several top tourist-sending countries, backed by strong currencies and economies, led the way in tourism spending in 2015. China, one of the world's top destination markets, has recorded double-digit growth in tourism spending every year since 2004 and continues to lead the international outbound tourism industry, benefiting Asian destinations such as Japan and Thailand, as well as the United States and various European travel destinations.
At the same time, the volume of tourism expenditures in the markets sending tourists Russian Federation and Brazil, which used to be very dynamic, declined significantly due to emerging in both countries economic restrictions and the depreciation of the ruble and the real against almost all other currencies.
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The modern tourism industry is rapidly progressing. Its development contributes to active economic growth many countries of the world. The development of the tourism industry of the economy of an individual state is significantly influenced by global trends in the development of tourism. Today, tourism has become an independent branch of the economy, almost 6% of the world's gross national product, 5% of all tax collections and 7% of global investments.
According to the forecasts of the World Tourism Organization (WTO), the tourism sector will continue to develop actively in the future. The number of travelers by 2020 will reach 1.6 billion people a year, which means an increase in tourist arrivals by 2.4 times compared to 2000. At the same time, according to WTO forecasts, tourism revenues in 2016 will amount to 1,550 billion US dollars, that is, they will exceed the level of 2000 by 3.3 times, and by 2020 revenues are projected to increase to 2,000 billion US dollars.
With an annual growth of 8%, the number of tourist arrivals in China will reach 137.1 million dollars by 2020. The second most popular tourist destination will be the United States (102.4 million), followed by France (93.3 million), Spain ( 71.0 million), Hong Kong (59.3 million).
Daily spending by tourists, excluding air travel, will rise to $5 billion a day. According to WTO forecasts, the rapid development of outbound tourism is expected. Germany, Japan, USA, China, Great Britain will become the largest countries-suppliers of tourist flows. Economic backwardness of countries of Eastern Europe is a real obstacle to the involvement of the population of these countries in international tourism. The volume of tourism between the countries of Western and Eastern Europe will grow mainly in the direction from East to West.
Specialists of the World Tourism Organization have identified the five most promising types of tourism in the 21st century:
1. Cruises- one of the most promising and rapidly developing types of tourism. At the beginning of 1980, the number of "cruise" tourists was 1.5 million people, now it is 10 million, and their number is constantly growing.
2. Adventure tourism- for thrill-seekers. The demand for climbing the highest peaks of the world and excursions to the depths of the sea is constantly growing.
3. Cultural tourism- actively develop in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, respectively, the importance of the protection of cultural monuments will increase.
4. Business tourism- has entered a phase of active development at the present time and will continue to develop in the future, which is associated with the rapid pace of development of the world economy, the deepening of political and economic ties between different countries of the world.
5. space tourism- according to American experts, will provide an annual income of 10 billion US dollars.
The analyzed data indicate that the tourism industry of the economy is actively developing: the number of tourist arrivals in the world as a whole and in all tourist macro-regions is growing. Therefore, further scientific research in this direction will be devoted to finding ways to solve the problems of the development of the tourism industry.
According to the UNWTO (World Tourism Organization), in 2015 the international tourist flow amounted to 1.18 billion tourists, this figure is 4.4% higher than in 2014 and is an absolute record!
Source: www.chipolletto.com
Where did tourists go in 2015
Despite the fact that today the whole world is concerned about the threat of terrorist acts, the flow has increased. The influx of tourists to Europe last year increased by 5% (+ 29 million people). Total in 2015 European countries visited by 609 million people.
5% also came to the USA more people(+9 million people). The total number of tourists was 191 million.
Travel in the Asia-Pacific region increased ... by the same 5% (+13 million people) and reached 277 million tourists.
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The countries of the Middle East were also marked by an increase in the number of tourist arrivals. The inflow was 3%, which in quantitative terms is 54 million people.
The decline was shown by Africa - minus 3%, namely its Northern regions. After two terrorist attacks in Tunisia, the number of tourists decreased by 50%.
Who began to travel more and who less
The record holder for the growth of international tourist flow was China, followed by the United States and Great Britain. Their citizens annually increase the number of trips and vacation expenses abroad. But the indicators of Brazil, Russia and Ukraine in 2015 decreased due to the crisis - the people of these countries preferred domestic tourism.
What hinders the development of tourism
The main problems that hinder more dynamic development international tourism– falling oil prices, excessive fluctuations exchange rate, tightening security requirements. Experts predict that in 2016 the trend will be about the same and the increase will be 4%.
UNWTO Secretary-General Taleb Rifai urged countries: “We all need to remember that tourism can grow when we work together to provide security. Since the current situation sometimes gets out of control and this can lead to irreversible consequences for many countries. We call on the ministries of tourism to include in the programs the issue of organizing security for tourists in order to minimize all risks.”
Based on the results of the 9th World Winter Sports Congress held in Andorra Executive Director World Tourism Organization Marcio Favilla (Márcio Favilla L. De Paula) told website about the results of 2015, about the market tourism in 2016 year and what place Andorra occupies in this market:
Why is the World Tourism Organization (WTO) holding the World Winter Sports Congress in Andorra?
This is the ninth congress, the first we held 16 years ago. The event takes place in Andorra every two years - all the time in different districts. Three years ago, we started holding a congress every year, and have already held two events in the countries of the Euro-Asian region: in Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan) and Uslan ( South Korea). Next year we are holding a similar event in Georgia. That is why we invited the Minister of Tourism of Georgia to take part in the Andorran Congress this year.
What are the main results of the WTO activities in 2015?
The WTO is a specialized agency under the United Nations (UN). We are working to support and develop socially responsible and sustainable global tourism. We have statistical data of countries that are permanent and non-permanent members of the WTO (157 countries among permanent members). At the end of last year, 1.184 million tourists were recorded traveling outside their countries. This is 4.4% more than in 2014. For comparison: in 2014, 1.134 million tourists traveled abroad.
The category “international tourist” refers to a tourist who has spent at least one night outside their home country. For example, last year Andorra was visited by 2.7 million international tourists, but the total number of tourists was about 7 million people (those who came to the country for one day).
What are your expectations for this year?
According to our forecasts, despite economic and sometimes political problems, growth will continue and will be around 4%.
How much is it in monetary terms?
1,184 international tourists spent about $1.3 trillion. On average, each tourist spends about $1100 abroad. But it is important to remember that international tourists spend money not only abroad, but also in their own country, preparing for the trip. For example, if someone flies from Spain to Brazil and buys an Iberia ticket, some of the money stays in Spain.
People , As you know, on trips they spend money on hotels, excursions, restaurants, shops, car rentals, buy souvenirs, works of art, handicrafts ... All this creates economic benefits both locally and on a general tourist scale.
However, it is important to note that sustainable tourism growth requires that tourists respect the culture and heritage of the countries they visit. Then tourism will be equally pleasant for those who visit and for those who are visited.
You mentioned the figure of $1.3 trillion. How much is this about total GDP?
Tourism provides about 9-10% of the total GDP: direct and indirect.
Take Andorra, for example. When tourists come to Andorra and spend money in ski resorts, hotels, restaurants or buy local products, they form direct GDP (4-5%). But when they buy goods and products in Andorran stores that are not made in Andorra, they form indirect GDP (about 25% of GDP). There are also other benefits of Andorra's international tourism - for example, when tourists acquire ownership or rent houses or apartments that are sold by local construction companies. In this case, we are talking about about 50% of GDP. Andorran Prime Minister Antoni Marti spoke about this in his presentation at the congress.
Tourism 2016. What are the main trends in international tourism today?
Steady growth continues destinations with developed tourism infrastructure. Some tourism markets have shown economic downturn. Among them are 2 BRIC countries - Russia and Brazil. Tourists from these countries traveled abroad less often and, accordingly, spent less money abroad. However, tourists from the other two BRIC countries, China and India, are traveling more than ever before. That is, price fluctuations in commodity markets (I mean not only oil, but also metals, including gold, as well as other raw materials) are not negative for all countries.
In any case, the severe drop in oil prices in 2015 led to a drop in jet fuel prices. C Prices for airline tickets, respectively, also became lower, which made them more affordable in a global sense.
Which countries are currently the most popular for tourists?
At the end of last year, the most visited country was France, followed by the United States, followed by Spain, followed by China and Italy.
Andorra is probably not in the TOP 10 most visited countries?
No, it is too small to compete with the most visited countries. But Andorra today leads the list of the safest countries in the world, and this is very important indicator for tourists. I do not have exact data, and I cannot confirm with numbers that it is the safest in the world. But it is obvious that this is so.
In general, international tourism must meet two main criteria: safety and friendliness or hospitality. A safe but not hospitable country will not attract attention. Just like a hospitable but not safe country. Andorra has both qualities.
What types of tourism are the most relevant: winter or summer tourism, business tourism? Are there any other examples?
In general, people are much more likely to travel in the summer because of the long vacations. But we must remember that the world is divided into two hemispheres. When it's winter here, it's summer in the Southern Hemisphere. And vice versa. Mountains are a very specific place for tourism. You can come to the mountains all year round, and not just to ski. In summer you can go cycling, climbing or hiking in the mountains. We talked a lot about this at the congress.
Business tourism accounts for about 18% of the total international tourism. Those who came today to participate in the congress fit into the category of business tourists. By economic reasons business tourism will also continue to grow. Certainly not as fast as summer or winter tourism. However, business tourism is an important component of the overall tourism sector.
How can the WTO support tourism in Andorra?
A great example of our support is the organization of such congresses. The WTO and the government of Andorra have been partners since 1998 in areas such as education or training. Even if the main part of our activity takes place in other countries, we promote Andorra at the international level.
As part of our cooperation, we interact with the University of Andorra. In particular, negotiations are now underway to open a master's program in the field of mountain tourism at the university. This is very important for Andorra, as no other European university has such a degree, and specialists are in great demand. In other words, the University of Andorra will be the first and so far the only one who will train specialists in this direction. I think the project will be implemented in the next academic year. This will also help promote the image of Andorra as a unique mountainous country. Andorra today has all the conditions to attract more tourists and show a steady increase in attendance.
How can Andorra strengthen its position in the international tourism market?
Everything that happens in Lately in Andorra, strengthens the position of this country on international market. The government's strategy based on the organization of international sporting events both in winter and summer is a clear evidence of this. This winter, Andorra hosted, for example, the Alpine Skiing World Championship, and the Tour de France will be held in the summer. The efforts of the Andorran government are aimed at ensuring that tourists stop associating this country only with ski holidays. This is a global trend to fight seasonality in the tourism business. And Andorra not only adheres to this policy, but also succeeds in it.
What are the shortcomings of Andorra from the point of view of the country of international tourism? Maybe the lack of its own airport…
Maybe it's the other way around. In tourism, everything is ambiguous. Some people never fly on airplanes. If someone wants to visit a 100% calm country, I advise you to come to Andorra. The only thing Andorra needs to think about is how to keep “day tourists” for at least one night.
What features tourism market Andorra can serve as an example for other WTO member countries?
From the presentation of the Minister of Tourism of Andorra, Francesc Campa, we saw that Andorra will continue to organize events of interest to tourists all year round. Other countries that are in the mountains and attract the attention of tourists with their ski resorts, in my opinion, should follow this example.
In 2010, according to the World Tourism Organization, the volume of the world tourism market amounted to $ 5576 billion and the structure of the world tourism and travel market (million arrivals) was as follows:
Europe 50%;
Asia and the Pacific 22%
North and South America 16%
Middle East 7%
Africa 5%
Over the past 10 years, the number of international tourists in the world has increased 1.4 times and is approaching 1 billion people a year. The growth rate of international tourism averages 4.5-5% per year.
For Russia, tourism is one of the important areas of economic recovery. It has a stimulating effect on the development of such areas economic activity as services of collective accommodation facilities, transport, communications, trade, production of souvenirs, public catering, Agriculture, construction. Tourism ensures the creation of additional jobs, the growth of employment of the economically active population and the improvement of people's well-being.
The Russian Federation has a high tourist and recreational potential, unique natural and recreational resources, objects of national and world cultural and historical heritage are concentrated on its territory, important economic, sports and cultural events are held. In many regions, there is a wide range of potentially attractive tourist sites, the development of which is impossible without the creation of all types of basic infrastructure.
However, the country's tourism potential is far from being fully utilized. In 2009, 21.3 million people visited the Russian Federation. foreign citizens, of which about 15 percent arrived for tourism purposes, while according to the forecast of the World Tourism Organization, Russia, with an appropriate level of development of tourism infrastructure, is capable of receiving up to 40 million tourists a year. foreign tourists. Potentially, by 2020, the Russian Federation may enter the top ten most popular countries visited by tourists.
To change the current situation, active state participation in solving such industry problems as:
High costs for the construction of engineering infrastructure facilities for the created tourist and recreational complexes (including power supply networks, water supply networks, transport networks, treatment facilities);
Lack of long-term credit instruments(e.g. project finance) with interest rates, allowing to recoup investments in objects of the tourist and recreational complex in terms acceptable to investors;
The low quality of training of industry personnel and, accordingly, the services provided.
Effective governmental support solution of these problems within the framework of the federal target program“Development of internal and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation (2011-2016)" will not only attract additional investment in tourism industry on the terms of public-private partnership, but also to change its image for the better.
In the ranking of international competitiveness of countries in the tourism sector, published by the World Economic Forum in March 2009, Russia took 59th place out of 133 countries, while the natural resources of our country are in 5th place, and objects cultural heritage- by 9. Thus, Russia has significant potential to attract a large number both Russian and foreign tourists.
In the structure of the Russian tourist market the following segments are distinguished:
Outbound tourism - 379 billion rubles. ($12.5 billion)
Inbound tourism - 70 billion rubles. ($2.3 billion)
Domestic tourism - 453 billion rubles. ($14.9 billion)
(source RBC.research)
In terms of the number of tourists, domestic tourism accounts for 68%, outbound 28% and inbound, only 5%.
Within the framework of the federal target program "Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation (2011-2016)", a forecast was developed for the development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation until 2016 (Table 9.2.).
Table 9.2.
Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Russian Federation
(2008-016 forecast)
According to Rostourism, the volume Russian market tourism services for 10 years has grown by 7 times (see Table 9.3).