A huge number of projects being implemented in our country are associated with the organization of the construction of various facilities: industrial, road, agricultural, etc. The buildings and structures being erected can be both part of a more global plan and its main essence. The share of financial costs in such projects falls on construction and installation works (CEM). As a rule, it is they who account for greatest number financial and material resources.

Construction and installation work is the application of methods for regulating activities in construction, which occupies a special place in the legislation.

General overview

Construction as an industry includes a wide range of work. This is not only the construction of new buildings and structures, but also activities to carry out their repair (current and major), restoration, and reconstruction.

Construction and installation work (in construction) means construction and installation work. Their main characteristics:

• the implementation process goes through several successive stages: drawing up a marketing plan, justifying the project parameters, identifying a contractor, etc.;
• geodetic work;
• development of project documentation;
• stage of material support (purchase of necessary products and raw materials, their transportation to sites);
• construction and installation (preparatory, basic and finishing) work;
• commissioning (control measures and necessary tests).

There are several interpretations of the term “construction and installation work”. Different wording depends on the vocabulary used and legal regulations. At the same time, they all agree that construction and installation work in construction is the application of a specific list of sequential operations that are aimed at the construction of buildings and structures, installation of the necessary equipment (ventilation, heating, gas and water supply systems, wastewater disposal, etc.). d.).

To reduce in technical documentation It is customary to write construction and installation work.

What is regulated by construction and installation work?

The main document regulating all construction and installation activities in Russia is SNiP, which stands for construction norms and rules.

SNiP CMR is the regulation of the following areas in construction in sections:

• basic provisions;
• design standards;
• rules for the production and acceptance of work;
• appraisal rules and regulations.

Kinds

Construction involves a combination of a huge number of actions in different directions using a wide variety of materials and specialized equipment. Construction and installation work is the use of various methods of organizing production processes in construction.

The project can be implemented by several different ways:

• conclusion of contracts that provide for the implementation of all stages by specialized companies;
• all work is carried out by the company’s own departments;
• in a mixed way, in which one part of the work is carried out by contractors, and the other by oneself.

Based on the concept and expected result, the following main types of construction and installation work are distinguished: general construction, transport, loading and unloading, special.

Installation is carried out using prefabricated parts, power wiring and other cables, reinforced concrete and metal structures.

General construction activities are based on the processing of materials and the construction of structural elements. They are divided into established types. Construction and installation work by type of construction can be classified as follows:

• Excavation. They include excavation of holes, trenches for installation strip foundations and individual supports, underground utility networks of various lengths.
• Pile. Driving or driving piles, preparing the foundation.
• Stone. Construction of piers, walls, columns and other structures from blocks, masonry from crushed stone, brick, natural and artificial stones.
• Reinforced concrete and concrete. Preparation of the mixture, its transportation and pouring into formwork, maintenance, processing of compositions and prefabricated elements.
• Assembly. Delivery of structural parts to the destination, their alignment, installation and fastening.
• Joinery and carpentry work. They involve the supply and installation of finished wooden parts (doors, windows).
• Roofing. They consist of covering roofs with asbestos-cement or steel sheets.
• Plastering. For large volumes, mechanical feeding is used and for small volumes, manual application of the solution is used.
• Facing. They involve covering vertical and horizontal surfaces with large and small slabs, as well as sheet materials.
• Painting. They consist of manual or mechanical painting of structures, as well as wallpapering walls.

Some of these technological processes are combined into the concept of “zero cycle”, which is the initial phase of construction and includes the preparation of the site and access roads to it, excavation, laying the foundation. It is completed when the underground part of the building is erected and laid network engineering.

Conclusion of contracts

Since construction work is very complex and multi-stage, it involves the possibility of involving contractors at some stages. Some cover most general processes, others specialize in certain areas that require specialized equipment and trained professionals. Accordingly, the most common type of agreement is a contractual one, in which there are two parties: the client, authorized by the investor, who sets the parameters for the implementation of given processes, determines and verifies the results, and pays for them; and a contractor who fulfills the customer's requirements within the specified time frame.

The latter are usually construction companies or licensed individual entrepreneurs. If the contractor is not able to fully fulfill the entire volume of obligations assumed by him, then it is possible to attract a subcontractor under the relevant agreement, that is, transfer part of the work to other organizations.

Estimated Cost Concept

An integral part project documentation is an estimate, that is, the estimated cost of construction and installation work in construction. A properly conducted financial justification ensures the rhythm and continuity of all stages of work.

If inaccuracies are made, this can lead to losses, delays, debt, and the need to obtain additional finance in the form of a loan.

The estimated cost is usually assigned to several components and is calculated using the following formula:

SMR = PZ + NR + PN,

where construction and installation work is the estimated estimated cost of the entire work, thousand rubles; PZ - the amount of direct costs, thousand rubles; HP - overhead costs, thousand rubles; PN - planned savings or estimated profit, thousand rubles.

The value of direct costs is determined by calculating the total volume of all work performed (in units of natural measurements) and the rates currently used in accordance with the standards. The share of direct costs averages 65-80% total cost. Their structure consists of the following elements:

• wages of workers who are directly involved in construction and installation work (10-15%);
• the cost of all materials used in the construction of buildings (50-55%);
• cost of used Vehicle, special equipment, machines, including the salaries of the specialists who operate them (5-10%).

Overhead costs include reimbursement to the contractor or subcontractor for all costs associated with organizing and maintaining proper living and production conditions at the construction site. Their volume is determined in direct dependence on the wage fund and, to a large extent, on the scale of the facility, production method, and type of construction. As a rule, this figure varies in the range of 13-20%.

When making calculations, standards are applied taking into account the characteristics of the object.

Overheads include:

• Funds for administrative and business needs. This takes into account transport costs, office, postal and telephone communication, service passenger cars, acquisition of the necessary specialized literature, subscription to the required periodicals.
• Cost of service personnel. It includes training and retraining of managers and specialists, creation of proper sanitary and hygienic conditions, as well as labor protection.
• Costs of organizing the construction process. These costs include: maintenance of security systems, fire safety, operating costs project teams, geodetic work, landscaping.
• Other expenses (property insurance, licensing, audit, consulting, advertising, banking services).

Estimated profit is the contractor's planned income. The organization must cover its costs for material bonuses for employees and innovative methods in production.

Quality control

A construction contract imposes great responsibility on the contractor, since poor quality of work, use of inferior materials and failure to comply with approved standards can lead to the destruction of sites, large financial losses or loss of life.

Therefore, the level of construction and installation work at each stage is of particular importance. The quality of materials affects the cost and performance characteristics of the structure.

When constructing facilities using low-grade raw materials, the cost of all processes increases due to the need to constantly correct identified deficiencies, increase operating costs, and reduce the level of comfort of residents.

The essence of control is to verify the compliance of the actual indicators of the object with the approved requirements set out in technical conditions, standards, projects, contracts, passports.

The main task is to prevent marriage and defects and maintain proper product quality. There are two forms of control: internal and external.

The first is carried out directly by employees of enterprises (design, industrial) that produce the necessary products. Factories and plants that produce building materials issue documents and passports that confirm compliance state standards. The presence of such a document upon delivery of products is mandatory.

External quality control includes audits carried out by organizations that have oversight rights and are independent.

Certification and licensing procedures

The process of certification of manufactured products and licensing of design, survey and construction work is currently mandatory. It is an activity aimed at establishing compliance of product quality indicators with the requirements of approved standards. Its goal is to protect consumer rights and environment, as well as the safety of human health, his life and property.

The objects can be: industrial products, building materials, erected buildings and structures.

Certification is possible in the following forms:

• voluntary, at the initiative of the manufacturer who wants to confirm the quality of its products;
• mandatory, used for a separate legally approved range, which, if certain requirements are not met, may be dangerous to the health of people and their property (projects for private houses, locks, sealants).

The process of confirming the quality of any type of product occurs in the following sequence:

• the applicant submits a declaration;
• a scheme and methodology for testing activities is established;
• carry out sampling and identification of samples, study of products and study of the state of production;
• analyze the results;
• The certificate is registered and issued in person.

Licensing is the examination of an enterprise and the documents it has submitted regarding its readiness to carry out the activities specified in the application.

A special commission checks the availability of the necessary technical base and documentation, the implementation of the presented production and technological processes, the qualifications and experience of the personnel, as well as customer reviews.

Some types of construction and installation work are subject to mandatory licensing (design, engineering and geodetic work and surveys, production of building materials).

Construction and installation work organization

Various organizations take part in the construction process.

To ensure uninterrupted operation and phased commissioning of finished parts of the facility, a system of continuous planning and execution of work is required.

There are three main methods of organization technological process, defining what is included in construction and installation work in construction:

• Consistent. In this method, certain activities are performed one after another, i.e., the next one begins no earlier than the end of the previous one.
• Parallel. It is based on the greatest possible combination of different processes in a single period of time. This allows several buildings to be erected simultaneously, but requires a significant amount of labor and technology.
• In-line. It consists of dividing complex processes that are combined over time into simpler operations that are performed sequentially. All actions are divided into threads performed in a clearly defined period of time. In each facility included in the flow, construction and installation work is carried out by integrated teams that move from room to room, which allows the staff to be evenly loaded and ensure rhythmic work at the sites.

Construction and installation work in road construction

Road construction has its own characteristics. The process is characterized by the sprawl of the construction site, constant changes in the workplaces of specialized machine complexes, uneven distribution of types of work along the road under construction and, finally, the dependence of the technological process on climatic conditions and the time of year.

The construction duration of tens of kilometers complicates the organization of work, complicates control and management, and worsens the repair and maintenance of road construction and vehicles.

CMP Master: Knowledge and Functions

The position belongs to the category of managers who have a number of specific responsibilities as a construction and installation work master in construction. The person performing these functions must have a higher technical education.

The job description of a construction and installation foreman in construction is developed at the level of a specific enterprise. However, in general, all the responsibilities and functions specified in this instruction are similar for different enterprises.

A construction and installation master must know:

• Resolutions, orders higher authorities and others regulatory materials about activities construction sites.
• Composition of construction and installation work in construction.
• Design and estimate documentation for unfinished construction projects.
• Technical regulations, norms and rules, conditions for carrying out and accepting construction and installation work.
• Principles of on-site process planning.

The main responsibilities of a construction and installation foreman in construction:

• Ensuring implementation of the work plan on site.
• Organization of operational accounting of the implementation of production tasks and receipt of raw materials.
• Monitoring employee compliance with safety measures.
• Organization of reception of materials, structures, products, their storage, accounting and reporting.
• Ensuring the rational use of fixed assets at the facility.

When filling out a resume for a construction and installation foreman in construction, it is necessary to indicate experience in previous places of work with a specific list of constructed objects.

Shift method in construction and construction works

The method is a form of organizing work outside the place permanent residence employees, subject to ensuring their return home. A shift for a construction and installation master in road construction is very common in Lately. Construction and installation work in in this case are carried out at sites that are located far from the location of the organization and the permanent residence of employees.

The shift method is used when it is not practical to carry out work using conventional methods, as well as to reduce construction time in uninhabited and remote areas or places with unfavorable climatic conditions.

Conclusion

The construction complex today is quite numerous and developed. However, the impact of the crisis seriously affected the pace of development of the industry in terms of rising costs of work and reducing consumer demand.

When we talk about the construction of buildings, roads and the repair of objects, we mean carrying out a whole set of activities and actions that lead to the desired result, namely a new building or a repaired road. Construction and installation work (hereinafter referred to as construction and installation work) is precisely the main part of the construction industry, without which no production is possible overhaul premises, nor the construction of new buildings.

Explanation of construction and installation works

A fairly broad definition is understood to mean a variety of works that differ from each other in the direction of action and means of execution. If we give a general definition of the concept, then the decoding of construction and installation work will look like this - this is a set of actions for the construction of new objects (buildings, structures), their repair and reconstruction, as well as the installation and installation of equipment. One company simply cannot handle all the work, since the scale of the tasks assigned to it will be simply enormous. Therefore, there are organizations in the construction market whose activities have a narrower specialization. For example, there are companies engaged only in the construction and repair of roads, or companies building industrial facilities.

Types of construction and installation work

There are several main types of such work:

• general construction;
• transport and loading and unloading (delivery of materials, devices and equipment);
• special (with a special type of materials).

The most diverse is general construction activities. It consists of:

• earthen (digging holes, trenches, ditches), pile (driving, installation pile foundations) and stone works (construction of walls, stone laying, etc.);
• roofing (installation of attics, roofs), plastering (painting, pasting) and insulation;
• installation of floors and communications;
• installation work of wooden, concrete and reinforced concrete, light enclosing structures;
• landscaping;
• installation work of technological equipment;
• and etc.

To finally understand what decoding construction and installation work is, you need to understand what all types of the above work include.

Features of construction and installation works

Each field of activity has a number of features and nuances. For construction and installation work, the most important criterion is quality, which completely depends on the professionalism of workers, competent organization of the process and the interaction of system parts with each other. At the beginning of the work, the set goals and objectives, planning and control are of great importance, and the end result is competent and high-quality construction and installation work. After all, people’s safety depends on this.

Proper preparation and organization of the process have a great influence on obtaining the desired result. Making mistakes or miscalculations can be costly for the contractor company in the literal and figurative sense of the word. Correcting defects in construction can cost human lives. Plus, this is always a rather expensive undertaking. It should also be understood that when calculating construction and installation work, the use of untested or low-quality materials, as well as unjustified savings on mandatory expense items, is not allowed. In order to take into account all the features of construction, it is necessary to carry out all work in stages.

Order of conduct

Deciphering construction and installation works will include competent and consistent implementation of all stages of construction activities.

For example, before constructing new facilities, it is first necessary to carry out geological research soil of the site. It is possible that before construction begins, it will be necessary to drain the swamp or carry out drainage work to avoid flooding.

Afterwards you can start drawing the outline of the foundation. This is usually done using wire, wooden pegs and rope. Next, you need to dig a trench to lay the foundation of the future building. Afterwards you can proceed to the construction of walls. If you are planning a wooden building, then you should strictly adhere to the drawn up project. Stone walls have their own rules - for example, laying the stone strictly horizontally, bandaging the seams and filling with mortar.

After this, the attic floors are laid out, windows, attics and rafters are installed, it all depends on the number of floors of the building and the complexity of the construction. Next, the roof fronts are closed and the roofing material is laid. The next stage is finishing work (external and internal), then installation of equipment (plumbing, heating systems, etc.)

The scope of construction and installation work largely depends on the assigned tasks. For example, one company may be directly involved in the construction of the facility, but they trust another organization or do it themselves.

Organization of construction and installation work

In the process of constructing buildings and structures, various entities are necessarily involved: designers, surveyors, equipment suppliers and customers. In order for the construction and installation work process to be systematic, Special attention It is worth paying attention to the organization of work.

It is better to clarify all questions regarding construction technology with representatives of construction and installation organizations and specialized trusts that prepare projects.

Typically, the project contains a work schedule, a general construction plan, according to which the deadlines for the execution of the contractor’s work are calculated and all volumes of construction and installation work are shown. Besides, in this document the location of the building being constructed and construction sites, water and energy supply schemes, as well as the number of materials, products and construction machines used are indicated. For complex buildings, technological maps are used, which indicate special requirements on safety precautions, main stages, construction technologies, etc.

Organization of construction and installation work is very important, because it determines the rhythm in which installation, carpentry and other types of work will be carried out.

What is the estimated cost?

The level of quality of construction activities carried out largely depends on the amount of the allocated budget for construction. Therefore, such a concept as “estimated cost of construction and installation work” plays a decisive role in the work process. It is an official confirmation of project financing. It reflects all the final figures.

Calculation of construction and installation works

The jobs are fairly easy to count. It is necessary to add up all direct costs (cost of materials, wages of workers, etc.), overhead costs (administrative expenses, etc.) and planned savings. The last component is otherwise called the estimated or standard profit of a construction organization.

Construction and installation work is the most important stage of construction. Only with competent and qualified planning and organization of construction and installation work can the desired result be achieved with minimal expenditure of effort, money and time.

Capital construction cannot be imagined without construction and installation work. Moreover, the object of construction and installation can be not only building metal structures, but also: foundations and supports, walls and roofs, window and door units, technological equipment, engineering systems.

Types of construction and installation work are always carried out taking into account the specific work area of ​​the construction site. The outcome of the project depends on the efficiency of construction and installation. Therefore, types of construction and installation work are proposed by the contractor and listed in terms of reference(TK) of the customer. In this publication we will consider the main types of construction and installation work necessary for the construction of buildings and structures from LMK.

Construction and installation work is the general name for all construction work.

• Construction work is usually called general construction and is associated with the construction of building structures, buildings and structures.
• Installation work are carried out using ready-made metal structures, their elements, connections and mounting parts.

Types of construction and installation work can be combined or performed separately. Since our company is a manufacturer, designer and builder, we offer our clients any type of construction and installation work in a comprehensive turnkey service. Read about the features of this form of service, as well as the advantages of the turnkey service, on this website. The main thing you need to understand is that turnkey service is a convenient and economical cooperation, with an optimal price-quality ratio. For all questions regarding turnkey services, please contact the company’s managers by phone or in writing!

We list the main types of construction and installation work:

• Excavation work includes digging pits, pits, and trenches for foundation construction. The excavation work included the construction and installation of basements, underground communications, soil transportation, taking into account loading, removal, unloading, area planning, stripping work, embankment construction, soil compaction.
• Piling work includes constructing pile foundations, driving piles or driving piles.
• Stone work concerns the construction of walls, supports, vaults, pillars, and large concrete blocks.
• Concrete and iron concrete works relate to the production of concrete and concrete mortar, its transportation, laying, formwork, care of concrete, taking into account the time of year and creating conditions for its hardening.
• Monolithic works are used for constructing formwork and reinforcing monolithic sections.
• Construction work involves everything, including general and special types of construction.
• Carpentry and joinery work includes installation of rafters, windows, doors, and parquet flooring.
• Roofing work consists of covering the roof, installing attic roofs, etc.
• Finishing work associated with plastering, cladding, wallpapering building walls, and installing industrial concrete floors.
• Installation work begins with the delivery of metal structures to the workplace, their precise installation, alignment and fastening.

There are also special works that are included in the types of construction and installation work, which include construction and installation engineering communications, power laying, telephone wires, installation of sanitary, warehouse, technical, lifting equipment, as well as anti-corrosion and fire-retardant protective coating of metal structures.

All of the listed types of construction and installation work are included in the turnkey service, on which the customer can save up to 40% of the construction budget. For all questions of cooperation, please call 209-09-40! We'd love to hear from you!

Every person has repeatedly encountered the construction of a facility or the installation of equipment: someone simply observes the process, someone directly performs it or participates in it. Therefore, it is important to understand what operations include construction and installation work (CEM).

Definition and composition of construction and installation work

Construction and installation work in Moscow is a complex of works for the construction of production and non-production facilities and the installation of various equipment in them.

The law clearly regulates the processes included in construction and installation works. Their list is set out in Instruction No. 123 to construction work(clause 4.2). Construction and installation works include:

• processes of construction of bridges, roads, embankments, construction of power transmission and communication lines, construction of bridges and roads, as well as other special work (underwater, aerial);
• activities for the construction, expansion, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of permanent and temporary facilities, which include all related work on the construction of metal, reinforced concrete, wood, metal-plastic and other structures, as well as actions to design tracks for tower and other cranes;
• work on organizing all types of water and electricity supply, heating, laying gas pipes and sewer lines;
• processes for the construction of foundations and supports for technological equipment, lining and lining of furnaces, installation of sanitary units;
• works related to landscaping and decorative design of territories;
• calculation measures necessary to determine the costs of construction and management;
• establishment of material losses in connection with the destruction of objects, the restoration of which should be carried out at the expense of capital investments allocated according to the design documentation for repair and construction work.

The total scope of construction and installation work includes a set of works on certain elements of buildings, structures or complexes, which was carried out over any period of time (month, year, etc.) both at the launch facilities of a given time period and at the facilities planned for delivery at the next scheduled period of time.

Work of construction and installation organizations

A person who is not involved in such activities as the construction of new facilities and the reconstruction of existing ones is unlikely to know the full list of work performed by a construction and installation organization. But the importance of such companies can hardly be overestimated: any alteration in a house or on a site cannot be done without their participation.

So, a professional construction and installation organization will qualitatively carry out the following types of work:

• installation (using ready-made components and parts), which include the assembly of structures from different materials, the laying of electrical networks, water supply, ventilation ducts, and the construction of elevators;
• construction, which are divided into:
  • general construction: digging holes, trenches and ditches, stripping processes, soil compaction, etc. (earthwork); construction of stone walls, pillars or piers from single stones and blocks, bricks or masonry (masonry work); all stages of construction of concrete and reinforced concrete structures(concrete works); installation of wooden floors, construction of wooden structures (carpentry); installation of roofing elements, gluing rolled materials onto the prepared base, other actions to construct the roof (roofing work); facing processes, wallpapering, plastering, covering floors with linoleum and other finishing works;
  • special ones related to the finishing of technological equipment (lining or lining of furnaces and other units with refractory masonry, applying anti-corrosion coating to devices), construction of individual structures (mine shafts, power or telephone networks, sanitary systems, etc.);
  • transport and loading and unloading: delivery of materials, structures, parts and equipment to a construction site using conveyors, dump trucks, trailers and other machines.

This is not the entire list of work performed by specialists from construction and installation companies. The client can order a service, for example, washing the hold for various cargoes, sandblasting any surface, painting a large container and other non-standard procedures.