Russia ranked 45th in the ranking of the most innovative countries, falling two places over the year, according to the 2017 Global Innovation Index report, prepared jointly by Cornell University, INSEAD business school and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
Russia is in 45th position between Greece and Chile. Ukraine is in 50th place, Moldova is in 54th, Armenia is in 59th, Georgia is in 68th, Kazakhstan is in 78th, Azerbaijan is in 82nd, Belarus is in 88th, Tajikistan is in 94th, Kyrgyzstan is on the 95th. The Russian Federation received high scores in the indicators “Human Capital and Research” (23rd place) and “Business Development” (33rd). At the same time, according to the indicators “Institutions” and “Infrastructure”, our country occupies 72nd and 62nd places, respectively.
In total, almost 130 countries are represented in the ranking. Switzerland (for the seventh year in a row), Sweden, the Netherlands, the United States and the United Kingdom top the ranking of leading innovators, while a group of countries including India, Kenya and Vietnam are ahead of countries at the same level of development.
Among the main conclusions, the report's authors cite India's emergence as an emerging innovation hub in Asia, high relative innovation activity in sub-Saharan Africa, and opportunities to strengthen innovation capacity in Latin America and the Caribbean.
The theme of the GII 2017, “Innovation feeds the world,” allows us to analyze the state of innovation activity in the agricultural industry, say the authors of the report. In the coming decades, the agri-food sector will face enormous growth in global demand and increased competition for limited resources. Natural resources. “Before our eyes, digital technology is already being born all over the world. Agriculture"with unmanned aerial vehicles, satellite sensors and field robotics,” said Bruno Lanvin, Executive Director global index department at INSEAD business school. – There is now an urgent need for “smart agriculture” to optimize production, marketing and distribution systems and fostering creative new business models that minimize pressure on land, energy and other natural resources while focusing on the needs of the world’s poorest people.”
The 2017 GII ranking is the average of two sub-indices. The innovation costs subindex allows you to evaluate elements national economy, in which innovation processes take place, broken down into five main groups: (1) institutions; (2) human capital and research; (3) infrastructure; (4) level of market development; and (5) level of business development. The innovation performance sub-index reflects the actual results of such efforts, broken down into two main groups: (6) knowledge and technology results; and (7) the results of creative activity.
Global Innovation Index 2017: Switzerland, Sweden, Netherlands, USA and UK lead the rankings
According to the 2017 Global Innovation Index report, jointly prepared by Cornell University, INSEAD and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), Switzerland, Sweden, the Netherlands, the United States and the United Kingdom top the list of leading innovating countries, while a group of countries which includes India, Kenya and Vietnam, is ahead of countries that have reached the same level of development.
Key findings from the report include India's emergence as an emerging innovation hub in Asia, high relative innovation activity in sub-Saharan Africa, and opportunities to strengthen innovation capacity in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Each year, the GII monitors approximately 130 countries across dozens of parameters, from patent filings to education spending, giving policymakers a snapshot of the innovation dynamics that are increasingly driving socio-economic growth. In the new special section The GII analyzes “innovation hot spots” around the world that have the highest density of inventors appearing in international patent applications.
The authors of the tenth edition of the report - GII 2017 - note the persistent gap in the innovative capabilities of developed and developing countries and sluggish pace of increase in research and development (R&D) activity, both in public sector and at the corporate level.
"IN global economy, the foundation of which is increasingly becoming knowledge, innovation is the driving force economic growth, but additional investment is needed to help stimulate human creativity and increase production volumes,” said WIPO Director General Francis Gurry. “Innovation can be the lever that helps transform the current economic recovery into long-term growth.”
In 2017, Switzerland topped the overall ranking for the seventh year in a row, with twenty-four of the top twenty-five places held by high-income countries—China being an exception in twenty-second place. In 2016, China became the first middle-income country to be ranked among the top twenty-five countries in the innovation ranking.
“Efforts to close the innovation gap must first help emerging countries market economy understand the strengths and weak sides their innovation activities and develop appropriate policies and frames of reference,” said Sumitra Dutta, dean of the Graduate School of Management. Samuel Curtis Johnson at Cornell University. “It is for this purpose that the GII has been produced for more than ten years.”
Indicators for the group of countries with middle and low levels incomes significantly exceed those parameters that could be discussed based on the level of development they have achieved: in this year The group of “dynamic innovators” includes a total of 17 countries, i.e. slightly more than in 2016. Nine of them, including Kenya and Rwanda, are located in sub-Saharan Africa, and three are in Eastern Europe.
Innovation giants such as China, Japan and the Republic of Korea are being joined by a group of Asian countries, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam, which are actively improving their innovation ecosystems and achieving high results in a number of important indicators, in particular on the development of education, R&D, labor productivity growth rates and the export of high-tech products.
GII 2017 theme: “Innovation feeds the world”
The GII 2017 theme “Innovation Feeds the World” allows us to analyze the state of innovation activity within agri-food systems. In the coming decades, the agri-food sector will face enormous growth in global demand and increased competition for scarce natural resources. In addition, it will need to adapt to climate change and mitigate the process of such changes. Innovation is key to supporting the productivity gains needed to meet this growing demand and to facilitating the expansion of networks that integrate sustainable food production, processing, distribution and consumption and waste management, known as food systems.
“We are already seeing the emergence of digital agriculture around the world, with drones, satellite sensors and field robotics,” said Bruno Lanvin, executive director of the Global Index Division at INSEAD. “There is now an urgent need for smart agriculture to optimize value chains and distribution systems and encourage the adoption of creative new business models that minimize pressure on land, energy and other natural resources, while still addressing the needs of the poorest.” world population."
“It is estimated that by 2050 the population will reach 9.7 billion people. As a result, the global agricultural sector faces enormous challenges. There is a threat of a global food crisis that could occur if policymakers and other stakeholders fail to implement agricultural innovations that significantly improve productivity,” he said Barry Jaruzelski, head of the consulting firm "Strategy&", part of the PwC network.
Regional leaders in innovation
North America
European countries are ahead in almost half of the indicators on which the GII is calculated, including the share of highly qualified specialists in total employment, collaboration between university and industry research structures, the number of patent applications and scientific and technical articles, and the quality of scientific publications.
Southeast Asia, East Asia and Oceania
The Republic of Korea maintains top rankings in patenting and other IP indicators, ranking second in human capital development and scientific research, with the country's business sector making a significant contribution to R&D.
The third country in the regional ranking, Japan, is among the top ten countries in the world in research and development, information and communication technologies, trade, competition, market size and the development, creation and dissemination of knowledge.
Thanks to good performance development of business, technology and the knowledge economy, China’s overall GII ranking is steadily growing (this year – 22nd place). This year, China is performing well on a number of indicators, including the presence of global R&D companies, enterprise research staff, patent filings and other IP variables.
Within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the first places in most indicators belong to Singapore, with a few significant exceptions: the Philippines leads in the export of ICT services, and Vietnam leads in expenditures on education.
Thailand's strengths are the export of creative products and high share gross domestic investment in R&D financed by the business sector - according to these positions, the country ranked fifth and sixth in the world.
Vietnam ranks second in the region in terms of education spending, while also performing well in terms of productivity growth, national investment and net direct flows. foreign investment.
Central and South Asia
India - 60th in the world - tops the ranking of countries in Central and South Asia and this moment For the seventh year in a row, it has come out on top in terms of innovation activity compared to GDP per capita. India's position is improving across most indicators, including infrastructure, business development, knowledge and technology economy, and creative output.
India ranks 14th in the world in terms of global R&D presence, significantly outperforming peer groups in the lower and upper middle-income segments. In addition, in terms of innovation resources, India is superior to most other middle-income countries in the number of technical graduates, gross capital formation, gross domestic investment in R&D, research personnel, and in terms of innovation output - in the quality of scientific publications, pace GDP growth per employee, export of high-tech services and ICT services, export of creative labor products, production of high-tech finished products and proceeds from IP.
“Public policy plays a key role in creating favorable conditions for innovation. Over the past two years, serious work has been carried out in India on the basis of the GII, for example, the creation of a High-Level Task Force on Innovation and consultations on innovation policy and improving the system of innovation indicators,” said CEO Confederation of Indian Industry Chandrajit Banerjee.
The Islamic Republic of Iran (ranked 75th in the world) has an excellent higher education system and has the second largest number of technical graduates in the world. Tajikistan (94th in the world) is ahead of everyone in microfinance, and Kazakhstan (78th) ranks first in the world in average number of students per teacher and third in the ease of protection of minority investors.
North Africa and Western Asia
For the fifth year in a row, Israel (17th place in the world) and Cyprus (30th place) are at the forefront of the countries in the region. Israel improved its performance in gross R&D expenditures and exports of ICT services, while maintaining its world-leading position in the number of research workers, venture capital transactions, gross domestic enterprise investment in R&D, and enterprise research personnel.
In third place in the region are the United United Arab Emirates(35th place in the world), which realize increased data acquisition capabilities, actively attract specialists with higher education and develop innovation clusters and innovation activities based on a business organization model using ICT. Sixteen of the nineteen countries in the North Africa and West Asia region are in the top 100 in the GII ranking, including Turkey (43rd), Qatar (49th), Saudi Arabia (55th), Kuwait (56th). 1st place), Armenia (59th place), Bahrain (66th place), Georgia (68th place), Morocco (72nd place), Tunisia (74th place), Oman (77th place) place), Lebanon (81st place), Azerbaijan (82nd place) and Jordan (83rd place).
Latin America and the Caribbean
U largest countries The Latin American and Caribbean region is particularly strong in terms of institutional, infrastructure and business development. Chile, Mexico, Brazil and Argentina perform well in human development indicators and scientific research, for example in the quality of universities, the number of university students and the presence of companies carrying out R&D on a global scale, as well as in the field of information and communication technologies due to the high rates of use of online services in government agencies and the population.
IN last years There was no significant improvement in the region's GII rankings, and no Latin American and Caribbean country achieved growth rates in innovation that outpaced its level of development.
"Since in Latin America, especially Brazil, is seeing a return to positive growth rates, it is essential to lay the foundations innovative development, which is main goal business mobilization program for innovation (MEI),” said the president of CNI Robson Andrade and technical director of Sebrae Eloise Menezes.
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa ranks highest in terms of institutional structure and market development, with countries such as Mauritius, Botswana, South Africa, Namibia, Rwanda and Burkina Faso ranking at par with some countries in Europe and Southeast Asia. East Asia and Oceania, which are at the same level of development or are ahead of them.
Since 2012, in sub-Saharan Africa there have been more countries, part of the group of "dynamic innovators" than in any other region. This year, as many times in previous years, the “dynamic innovators” were Kenya, Rwanda, Mozambique, Uganda, Malawi, Madagascar and Senegal. This time, the group of dynamic innovators included Burundi and the United Republic of Tanzania. Maintaining and increasing the pace of innovation in sub-Saharan Africa is now key.
Information about the Global Innovation Index
The 2017 edition of the Global Innovation Index (GII) report is the tenth edition; it is a joint publication of Cornell University, INSEAD Business School and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO, a specialized agency of the United Nations system).
The GII, which has been published annually since 2007, now serves as a key reference point for corporate executives, policymakers and others seeking insight into the world's innovation processes. Policy makers, business leaders and other stakeholders use the GII on an ongoing basis to assess progress. The following knowledge partners contributed to this year's study: Confederation of Indian Industry, PwC Strategy&, National Confederation of Industry of Brazil (CNI) and Brazilian Service for Micro and Small Enterprises (Sebrae), as well as an Advisory Council of International Experts .
The index is submitted to the European Commission's Joint Research Center for independent statistical verification. You can download the full version of the report at: WWW.GLOBALINNOVATIONINDEX.ORG.
The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the French business school INSEAD and Cornell University (New York State) presented the next Global Innovation Index, which assesses the level of development and implementation of innovations in different countries peace. The first places this year were taken by Switzerland, Sweden, the Netherlands, the USA and the UK. Russia took 45th place this year, dropping two places compared to last year and finding itself between Greece and Chile.
The innovation index is compiled based on the results of monitoring of about 130 countries of the world on a number of parameters, including the number of patents filed in key sectors of the economy - industry, IT, transport, medicine, agriculture, etc., the amount of spending on education, scientific research -research activities, the dynamics of the introduction of innovations into the economy and the speed of their progress from the patent office to practical implementation, the level of business development, infrastructure, etc. The current ranking has added a section “hot spots of innovation” - areas where the highest density of inventors appearing in international patent applications.
This year, as in the previous six years, Switzerland topped the world innovation rating. The top ten includes countries with developed economy, Sweden is in second place, followed by the Netherlands, USA, Great Britain, Denmark, Singapore, Finland, Germany, Ireland. Of the developing countries, China tops the list at 22nd, with China's Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong ranking even higher at 16th.
Russia occupies 45th place in the ranking, having lost two places compared to last year. From countries post-Soviet space The highest rated level of innovation is in Estonia (25th place), Latvia (33rd place) and Lithuania (40th place). Ukraine is in 50th place, Moldova is in 54th, Armenia is in 59th, Georgia is in 68th, Kazakhstan is in 78th, Azerbaijan is in 82nd.
The main conclusion of the current report is the widening gap in the degree of innovation between developed and developing countries, the need for greater attention by governments to R&D, both in terms of funding and in terms of the regulatory regime. The authors consider one of the most important fruits of innovation in current conditions to be an increase in production efficiency, in particular in agriculture. “We are already seeing the rapid growth of digital agriculture, which includes the use of drones, satellite data and the use of robotic technology in the fields,” says Bruno Lanvant, executive director of global indices at Insead business school. “There is now an urgent need to use “smart” technologies in agriculture to optimize supply chains and introduce more creative business models that minimize wear and tear on facilities, land and optimize the use of energy and other natural resources.”
This year, the group of “dynamic innovators”, that is, countries that have shown the greatest dynamics compared to previous years, includes a total of 17 countries. Nine of them are in Africa, and three are in Eastern Europe (Ukraine, Moldova and Armenia).
The authors of the report separately note that such innovative Asian leaders as China, Japan and South Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam are selected, where authorities and businesses are paying more and more attention to R&D, innovation, productivity growth and the export of high-tech goods.
The Global Innovation Index ranking has been compiled by a consortium of Cornell University (USA), INSEAD Business School (France) and the World Intellectual Property Organization since 2007. For the analytical report accompanying the release of the tenth anniversary ranking, a special chapter “Technological Future of the Agriculture and Food Sector in Russia” was prepared by researchers from the Higher School of Economics Leonid Gokhberg and Ilya Kuzminov. Russian scientists have previously participated in the international collaboration that forms the Global Innovation Index, in , and years. Professor Leonid Gokhberg is also on the GII advisory board and is involved in methodological support of the study. Relying on own experience And international practice, ISSEK experts from the National Research University Higher School of Economics compile the annual. This year, the official release of the two ratings took place on the same day - June 15.
The GII 2017 ranking covers 127 countries, which together produce 98% world GDP. 92% of the planet's population lives on their territory. The authors of the tenth ranking note the persistent gap in the innovation capabilities of developed and developing countries and the sluggish pace of increase in research and development (R&D) activity both in the public sector and at the corporate level.
GII 2017 includes 81 innovation indicators, which are grouped into seven main areas ( Rice. 1): 1) institutions, 2) human capital, 3) infrastructure, 4) market development, 5) business development, 6) development of technology and the knowledge economy and 7) development of creative activity. From the totality of variables 1–5 directions, one gets the innovation resources subindex. Based on indicators 6 and 7 directions, a innovation performance subindex. Final rating (GII) is calculated as the average of these two subindices.
A new special section of GII 2017 examines the innovation hotspots around the world that have the highest density of inventors appearing in international patent applications.
Figure 1. Structure of the Global Innovation Index - 2017
The tenth ranking of leading innovative countries is headed by Switzerland, Sweden, the Netherlands, the USA and the United Kingdom. Switzerland tops the overall GII ranking for the seventh year in a row. Countries with high level income belongs to twenty-four of his first twenty-five places. The exception to this series is China, which ranks twenty-second.
Indicators of Russia
In the new ranking, Russia ranks 45th, down 2 positions compared to last year ( Table 1). Among the 35 leading European countries, our country ranks 31st. From 2014 to 2017 The Russian Federation is improving its position in the subindex of innovation resources, but in the subindex of innovation results this year it has dropped by 4 positions.
Table 1. Dynamics of positions Russian Federation in GII-2017: 2015–2017
|
GII |
Innovation Resources |
Innovation results |
Innovation efficiency | |||||||||||||||
The rating evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the Russian innovation system ( Table 2). So, among competitive advantages the country remains the employment of women with higher education. As last year, Russia ranks second in this indicator. Traditionally high, although two positions lower than in 2016, the number of university graduates in scientific and engineering specialties is 13th in GII-2017. The country is in 14th place in terms of the “Student/teacher ratio in secondary education” indicator. It ranks 15th in terms of the number of workers employed in the field of knowledge-intensive services. Another indicator characterizing the development of human capital, “Gross Enrollment Rate in Higher Education”, ranks 17th.
The Russian Federation has advanced in terms of market development indicators (60th place). The country ranks 6th in terms of the size of the domestic market, and 12th in terms of the indicator “Trade, competition and market scale”. Russia is also among the top ten countries in terms of the number of patent applications for utility models filed by national applicants to the country's patent offices (8th place). The number of patent applications for inventions filed by national applicants to the country's patent offices is slightly lower (15th place). In terms of payments for the use of intellectual property, Russia is in 16th position. Russia is in 22nd position in terms of the Hirsch Index for Cited Documents.
If Russia ranks 22nd in knowledge creation, 43rd in knowledge dissemination, then 111th in knowledge influence (out of 127 economies). The weaknesses of the domestic innovation system include: political stability and absence of terrorism (112th place), innovation ties (105), rule of law (104), quality of regulation (102), political environment (100), legal environment (94).
Indicators of investment activity also place the country at the bottom of the ranking: investments (95), net inflow of foreign direct investment (94), venture capital transactions (90).
Russia ranks 110th in terms of GDP per capita growth, and 108th in terms of the “GDP per unit of energy use” indicator.
Table 2. Strengths and weaknesses of the Russian innovation system: GII-2017
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Strengths |
Weak sides | ||||||||
|
Employment of women with higher education (2nd place out of 127 countries) Females employed with advanced degrees (2nd) Domestic market scale (6th) Number of patent applications for utility models, Trade, competition, & market scale (12th) Graduates in science and engineering (13th) Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary (14th) Workers employed in knowledge-intensive services (15) Employment in knowledge-intensive services (15th) Number of patent applications for inventions filed by national applicants with the country's patent offices (15) Patent applications by origin (15th) Payments for the use of intellectual property (16) Intellectual property payments (16th) Gross enrollment ratio in higher education (17) Tertiary enrolment (17th) Knowledge creation (22nd) Hirsch index for cited documents (22) Citable documents H index (22nd) |
Political stability and absence of violence/terrorism (112th) Knowledge impact (111th) Growth rate of GDP per person engaged (110th) GDP per unit of energy use (108th) GDP per unit of energy use (108th) Rule of law (104th) Regulatory quality (102nd) Political environment (100) Political environment (100th) Logistics performance (96th) Investment (95) Investment (95th) Legal environment (94) Regulatory environment (94th) Environmental certification according to ISO 14001 (94) ISO 14001 environmental certificates (94th) Foreign direct investment net inflows (94th) Venture capital deals (90th) Global entertainment and media markets (48th) Global entertainment and media market (48th) |
The theme of GII 2017 is “Innovation feeds the world”
This year's Global Innovation Index set out to examine how the state of innovation contributes to the development of agri-food systems. With this term, the authors define network complexes that integrate sustainable production, processing, distribution and consumption of food, as well as waste management and recycling.
As noted in the GII 2017 release, the agri-food sector will face enormous growth in global demand and increased competition for scarce natural resources in the coming decades. In addition, it will need to adapt to climate change and mitigate the process of such changes. Innovation is key to supporting the productivity gains needed to meet growing global demand.
“Before our eyes, “digital agriculture” is already being born all over the world with unmanned aerial vehicles, satellite sensors and field robotics,” says Bruno Lanvin, Executive Director of the Global Indexes Division at INSEAD Business School. - There is now an urgent need for smart agriculture to optimize value chains and distribution systems and encourage the adoption of creative new business models that minimize pressure on land, energy and other natural resources, while still focusing on the needs of the poorest world population."
For the analytical report that accompanies the release of the GII-2017 rating, the first vice-rector of the Higher School of Economics, director of the HSE ISSEK Leonid Gokhberg and the deputy head of the department of the HSE ISSEK Foresight Center Ilya Kuzminov prepared a special chapter “Technological Future of the Russian Agri-Food Sector” (Technological Future of the Agriculture and Food Sector in Russia), which used the results of the HSE project to identify global technological trends.
The authors of the Russian chapter described Current state national agro-industrial complex against the backdrop of global trends and presented forecast estimates of intensive and moderate development of this industry within the framework of two scenarios, respectively - “Global breakthrough” and “Local growth”. Both scenarios were formed within the framework (approved by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation in January 2017). In any scenario, the authors of the chapter emphasize, Russian agriculture and food industry must move from a sustainable production system to a sustainable innovation system, which is impossible without revitalizing scientific research and technological innovation in the agro-industrial complex.