The rainwater drainage system is designed to drain surface water from the territory of industrial enterprises or private households, which accumulates on waterproof surfaces and flows from the roofs of houses and buildings. Each object requires an individual approach, so order a project storm sewer in Moscow, you need an organization that not only has experience in designing drainage systems, but also has experience in their construction and operation, such a company is Celsis LLC.
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What does the organization offer?
Project group will calculate the stormwater drainage system in accordance with SNiP and select the necessary equipment:
- rainwater inlet,
- pipelines,
- drainage pipes,
- storm water treatment systems.
Storm sewer design services provided by the company are divided into several stages:
- collection and processing of initial data;
- placement of structures on the plan (troughs, storm water inlets, wells, drainage pipes, local treatment facilities);
- determining the location of storm water discharge;
- hydraulic calculation and selection of sections of trays and pipelines, selection of the degree of purification and VOC parameters (local treatment facilities);
- constructing a longitudinal profile over the network;
- drawing up cost estimates.
All calculations are carried out in accordance with the technical specifications, which are signed by the customer.
Calculation of water disposal and drainage systems
Calculation of the drainage system and storm sewerage consists of correctly determining the amount of storm water that is generated in the area under consideration.
It is the exact calculation of this parameter that makes it possible to correctly determine the throughput of pipelines and the parameters of the drainage system, calculate the number of storm water inlets and the productivity of treatment facilities.
Based on the calculations obtained, the slope of the pipelines is determined; how correctly this is done will determine the durability and reliability of the drainage system.
These complex calculations, which can be entrusted to the specialists of Celsis LLC, are carried out in accordance regulatory documents SNiP and GOST.
What does project documentation include?
Ready engineering project drainage and storm sewerage will ultimately consist of three main parts:
- graphic part, which includes a plan for the placement of linear structures, wells, LOS with longitudinal profiles;
- explanatory note with detailed equipment specifications;
- estimate to determine the approximate cost of project implementation.
From quality project documentation The efficiency of the drainage system and its durability will depend. Celsis specialists guarantee quality in execution design work from the data collection stage to project implementation.
Cost of a drainage system project
The price for designing rainwater drainage depends on many criteria:
- area of the canalized facility;
- ownership of the object (enterprise or private household);
- availability of storm water discharge sites;
- approval from government agencies.
Cost of services for designing water supply and sanitation systems
| Name and composition of the design documentation section | Cost, rub/m2 |
|---|---|
| 1.Water supply. | |
| - Explanatory note; | 23 |
| - Balance of water consumption; | 23 |
| - Floor plans with routing of drinking water, fire safety and process water pipelines; | 23 |
| - Schematic diagram of the drinking water, fire-fighting and process water supply system; | 23 |
| -Hardware Specification; | 23 |
| 2. Sewerage. | |
| - Explanatory note; | 23 |
| - Balance of water consumption; | 23 |
| - Floor plans with tracing of domestic, process sewerage and internal drainage; | 23 |
| - Schematic diagrams of domestic, technological sewerage and internal drainage; | 23 |
| -Hardware Specification; | 23 |
| The cost of a comprehensive project for all sections will be 110 rubles/m2 | |
| The minimum cost of the project is 15,000.00 rubles |
For the final calculation of the design cost, specialists from Celsis LLC will visit the site to collect the necessary data.
High-quality design documentation, and subsequently the implementation of the project, will help avoid flooding of the site, ensure timely removal of surface water from the territory, their purification and discharge into a surface source or drainage.
Typical projects for individual residential construction or industrial sites require the availability of design documentation for storm sewer calculations. The set of rules SP 32.13330.2012 contains all the formulas, table values and coefficients necessary for calculation. Since a non-professional holding a plan in his hands for the first time cannot figure it out without help, here is basic information on how to carry out calculations and not confuse himself even more when reading the features of the hydraulic calculation of a storm drain.
The main goal pursued in the process of studying sewerage arrangement is to accurately calculate the diameter and slope of the pipe, depending on the volume of precipitation falling in a particular area.
Important! Insufficient water supply capacity leads to a significant decrease in the efficiency of the sewer line as a whole. And this threatens to flood the area adjacent to the house during periods of heavy rain.
The construction of storm sewers is strictly regulated and regulated by SNiP. Remember that the drainage system is the most important element, regardless of the purpose of the building.
It is not enough to comply with the hydraulic calculation of storm drainage for the system to function properly; listen to some recommendations:
- A separate drainage system is installed for domestic wastewater and industrial waste.
- The place of discharge of wastewater into natural reservoirs is agreed upon with the sanitary and epidemiological service and water bodies protection authorities.
- It is legally permitted to direct waste from private households directly into the central sewer system without pre-treatment.
- For industrial enterprises, wastewater must be passed through treatment facilities.
- The productivity of centralized treatment facilities and its throughput determine the possibility of draining atmospheric precipitation from areas adjacent to private and industrial facilities.
- Whenever possible, try to organize a gravity drainage mode for surface water.
- If it is necessary to provide a large production site or an entire settlement with a water supply system, then this is, as a rule, a closed branch.
- Low-rise and suburban properties are equipped sewer networks open character.
- Combinations of open and closed drainage systems in private individual residential construction have received practical application.
What formulas to use to calculate storm sewerage
To determine the cross-section of drainage pipes, calculate the flow of rainfall in your region of residence. This factor depends on climatic and weather conditions.
Calculations are carried out according to the formula: Qr= q20 YF, Where
- q20 denotes the estimated intensity of precipitation over 20 minutes;
- Y is the coefficient of moisture absorption by the coating (1.0 - for roofing, 0.95 - for soil, 0.85 - for concrete, 0.4 - for crushed stone).
How water is consumed in pressure mode
When hydraulically calculating storm sewers, an adjustment is made for the filling factor of the free drainage in the event of a pressure regime (b):
Q= Qrb, where b is taken from the table:
Important! Meaningndepends on geographical location object.
Important! with a terrain slope of 1-3 cm per 1 m, coefficientbincreases to 15%. If the slope is greater, then the indicator is considered to be 1.
Take a look at the example of storm sewer calculations.
Practical calculation of water supply capacity
Very often, the reason for the non-functionality of storm sewers is the neglect of calculation details by designers. Relying on the general instructions of SNiP, repairmen and installers often make mistakes.
When calculating the diameter of a storm sewer, pipes with a cross section of 200-250 mm are often used. This is the optimal indicator for the unhindered movement of wastewater through pipes. Even if precipitation falls with greater intensity.
Important! Pre-calculation and procurement of necessary parts in accordance with standards and requirements helps reduce costs without compromising the functionality of the network.
Example of calculating system throughput
Per area local area Let's take 100 m2, which is 0.01 of 1 hectare of land. Presumably we will drain water from this area. Let's assume that the object is in MO.
Based on the calculation table, it is determined that q20 for Moscow and microdistricts is 80 l/s. The moisture absorption coefficient for the roof is 1.
Based on certain indicators, the calculation of rainwater is as follows: Qr= 80 x0.01 = 0.8 l/s.
In 90% of cases, the roof slope exceeds 0.03 (>3 cm per 1 m), then the filling factor of the free tank during pressure mode is taken as 1. From this it follows that: Q= Qr= 0.8 l/s.
Important! After determining the calculation indicators, you will have the opportunity not only to calculate the diameter of the pipe for the storm sewer, but also to determine the required drainage slope.
Good recommendations are given in the reference book by A. Ya. Dobromyslov “Tables for polymer materials. Non-pressure pipelines". Here the novice master will find calculated data presented in the form of tables. It is definitely clear that for a flow rate of 0.8 l/s, a pipe with the following diameter and slope is suitable:
- 50/0,03;
- 63/0,02;
- 75/0,01.
Important! Remember that the slope of the pipes is inversely proportional to the diameter.
It is not difficult to guess that design begins with the selection and purchase of materials. And the main thing here is not to make a mistake in your choice, because otherwise all the work will go down the drain.
What material is suitable for the pipeline
According to SNiP, the use of asbestos-cement, steel and plastic (PVC) pipes is permissible.
Although asbestos-cement pipes are used, they are very rare. This is an economical option, but the material is fragile and heavy (1 m of pipe with a cross-section of 100 mm weighs at least 25 kg).
Steel water supply will be easier, but there is a problem here too! Metal is prone to corrosion.
Therefore, products made from PVC plastic are preferable. Combining light weight, the ability to operate for a long time, and ease of installation.
Features of laying depth
When designing and calculating storm sewer treatment facilities, soil characteristics are also taken into account, including the level of soil freezing. The optimal location of the pipe is below the soil freezing line, but above the underground groundwater. These conditions are not easy to comply with due to the uneven terrain of the area, so it was determined that the pipe must be located at least 70 cm to the surface of the earth.
The principle of installation of risers
It is impossible to imagine a storm drain without risers with point/linear storm inlets connected to them, the vertical fastening of which is carried out using clamps.
Important! Please note that the calculation of the fastening interval for storm sewer risers depends on the type of material used. If it is PVC, then clamps are attached every 2 meters, if steel - 1.35 m.
Secured territory
SNiP provides for the organization of “security zones” in close proximity to the storm drain. Remember that there must be at least 3 m from the construction site, garden, park, landfill, parking lot to the sewerage system.
Design is the most important stage of the entire system of arrangement and calculation of pipes for storm sewers, regardless of the type of structure.
Here are the basic formulas that will be useful for both the skilled and the beginner when carrying out calculations. But this method may turn out to be false if there are specific installation conditions (water pH, soil acidity, number of bends and turns along the entire length of the sewer). The best decision is to entrust the work to specialists who, using an example, calculate every little detail during the hydraulic calculation of a storm sewer. This option is efficient and economical.
Can you imagine a landscaped area without storm drainage? What would the yard turn into if there was heavy rain or a thunderstorm? There would be a lake in front of the house, and the exterior decoration would soon deteriorate due to exposure to water, leaving no other options but to complete the house and surrounding area.
Many people ask the question of why city drains fail to drain water, and the entire settlement turns into a real ice hole. By neglecting the recommendations for calculating drainage systems in individual residential construction, a person compensates for one of the factors that contributes to the improper functioning of the entire drainage system. central system. Further on, at the sites of the main nodes, unscrupulous craftsmen, trying to save money, neglect the same, putting them at risk of immediate failure of the entire city network. This is why traffic jams, blockages, low system capacity, and flooding occur.
Understanding that sewerage calculations are important factor, and its replenishment cannot be avoided, it will relieve a number of common problems. The main thing is to do everything correctly, and the sewage system will work properly.
Atmospheric precipitation brings a lot of trouble to residents country houses, if they are not provided with a recusal. The most common problems that owners face are the erosion and gradual destruction of the foundation, flooding of the site, rotting of the roots of trees and bushes growing in the yard, and the formation of a swamp.
To avoid the consequences of heavy rain, you can install a simple storm drain, which will not require much effort or financial costs. Storm drainage is a system consisting of the following elements:
- manholes;
- devices intended for transporting wastewater;
- sand traps;
- storm water inlets.
There are two technologies by which storm sewers can function: point and linear.
Note! A linear sewer system is more functional. It is capable of collecting wastewater from large areas and is used to drain atmospheric precipitation that flows from the roof and sidewalk.
The first thing that needs to be done when arranging a storm sewer is to draw up a design and calculations for the system. If you skip this step, you may encounter a number of troubles during operation. If you build an insufficiently efficient wastewater drainage network, water will be retained on the territory, albeit in smaller quantities. If you make a system that is too powerful, you will have to spend a lot of extra financial resources not only during construction, but also during maintenance.
- the average amount of precipitation for the area according to meteorological data;
- if you plan to use storm sewers to drain melt water, you should take into account how thick the snow cover is;
- the area of the territory from which wastewater will be collected;
- soil characteristics;
- communications laid underground.
Storm sewer
When calculating the dimensions, it is necessary to determine the volume of the storm sewer, its depth, and the slope necessary for the quality functioning of the system. If you doubt that you will calculate the necessary parameters correctly, seek advice from a specialist.
Important! Accurate calculation of the size of the storm drain will ensure maximum efficiency of its operation and will also help save money. financial resources at the stage of arrangement.
How to calculate volume
One of the most important parameters that must be taken into account when installing storm drainage on a site country house– this is its volume. The main criterion for calculation is the average amount of precipitation falling in a particular area. Rainwater, snow, and hail are taken into account.
The size of collectors and catch basins depends on the volume of wastewater. The volume of the sewage system is determined using a special formula, which requires the following values:
- the amount of wastewater entering the system (an approximate figure can be found in the SNiP collection);
- precipitation intensity;
- the area of the territory from which wastewater will be collected;
- correction factor.
Arrangement of storm drainage on the site of a country house
All obtained values are simply multiplied. Calculating these parameters is quite simple. The only question that may arise is what the correction factor is. This is an indicator that depends on what material is covered in the area from which wastewater will be collected. If this is an area covered with crushed stone, the coefficient is 0.4, for areas filled with concrete - 0.85, for areas covered with asphalt - 0.95 and for roofs - 1.
Channel depth
Another important parameter is the depth of the storm drain. The trays are laid at a depth characteristic of of this region. To find out what the depth of the storm drain is, you can ask your neighbors or representatives construction company. This parameter also depends on the diameter of the pipes that will be laid.
Note! It is impossible to combine storm sewer and drainage systems, as they will work very inefficiently, which can lead to flooding of the site by precipitation.
Storm sewer channels
It is desirable that storm drainage channels be laid above the ground level groundwater, but below the soil freezing level, and this range is from 1.2 to 1.5 meters. Considering that excavation work requires a lot of effort and a lot of money, the owners decide to reduce the minimum depth of the storm drain. If the diameter of the pipe is 50 mm, then laying should be carried out at a depth of at least 0.3 m, but if the diameter is larger, then the pipe is deepened by 0.7 m. When calculating the depth, the nature of the soil on the site is also taken into account.
Storm drain slopes
Storm sewer is a non-pressure system for removing atmospheric precipitation. For its effective functioning, it is necessary to correctly calculate the minimum slope of the storm drain. It is determined taking into account the speed of wastewater flow through the channels and the diameter of the pipe.
If the angle of inclination of the storm drain is too small, it will not work efficiently. A large angle of inclination means that wastewater will very quickly accumulate in the lower part of the system, without having time to be absorbed by the soil. In order not to calculate these values yourself, you can use the table located on the pages of SNiP.
Storm drain slopes
- If the diameter of the pipes is 200 mm, to calculate the slope for the storm sewer, a coefficient of 0.007 should be applied.
- When installing pipes to storm water inlets, they are laid with a slope of 0.02.
- Gravel-filled channels responsible for drainage should be laid with a slope of 0.003.
- For drainage trays, the average slope angle is 0.003-0.005.
Correctly calculated main parameters of storm drainage are the key to long-term and high-quality functioning of the atmospheric wastewater drainage system.
Storm drainage is quite complex engineering structure, which includes rainwater inlets, distribution wells, pipes and other necessary elements. You can install such a system yourself. But drawing up a stormwater project can only be done by specialists with the appropriate specialized education.
There are several things that need to be taken into account in the project. important points such as uninterrupted and long-term service of the entire system, safety of pedestrian paths and access roads, ensuring high-quality drainage from the foundations of buildings. A well-designed storm drain will help collect and remove the entire volume of atmospheric precipitation from the site, that is, it will save the owners from problems with rainwater and melting snow.
Sewage systems designed to drain melt and rainwater are of two types:
- Point collection of water from the roofs of buildings. Its main elements are rainwater inlets located directly under the drainpipes. All catchment points are equipped with special sedimentation tanks for sand (sand traps) and are connected to each other by a single main line. Such a sewer system is a relatively inexpensive engineering structure that can cope with the drainage of water from roofs and yards.
- Linear is a more complex type of sewer system designed to collect water from the entire site. The system includes a network of above-ground and underground drains located along the perimeter of the site, along walkways and the yard. Typically, water from drainage systems located along the foundation or protecting the garden and vegetable beds is discharged into a common linear stormwater collector.
Based on the method of water drainage, storm drains are divided into: 
- For closed systems consisting of storm inlets, gutters, pipelines and a collector that opens into a ravine or reservoir. This is an ideal solution for draining streets, industrial areas and suburban areas with a large area.
- Open systems that collect water through trays and deliver it to collectors. The trays are covered on top with figured gratings, which perfectly complement landscape design and provide protection from debris. Such systems are installed in small private areas.
- For drainage systems mixed type– hybrid systems, including elements of closed and open systems. Most often built to save money family budget. External elements are easier to install and cost less.
When is a shower needed?
The arrangement of storm drainage is directly related to climatic conditions and soil conditions in a particular area. The more wet the area is, the more acute the need for installing storm drains.
Factors indicating the need for water drainage: 
- regularly falling heavy precipitation (heavy rains, heavy snow);
- high level groundwater;
- flooding of basements and cellars in the spring;
- the appearance of dampness on the walls and foundation (the appearance of mold, cracks);
- damage to paths and yard surfaces due to rain and melting snow;
- slow drying of the soil (stagnation of water in puddles).
Design Features
Any sewage system must comply with the technical requirements displayed in a special document - SNiP. This also applies to storm drains. The project is drawn up taking into account all technical requirements SNiPa. In the future, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the design documentation, which will indicate the slope angles of the trays and pipeline, the length of communications necessary for the work Construction Materials, equipment and tools.
For an accurate calculation you will need: 
- Get data on average annual precipitation. The local weather service will provide the necessary information.
- Determine the area of the drains. To do this, calculate the area of the roof and the entire territory (if not only the yard will be drained).
- Determine the quality of the soil. Sand and sandy loam absorb moisture well, which cannot be said about loam and rocky soils. Also, absorption slows down the presence of plants on the site - the root system facilitates the drainage of water, but prevents its rapid absorption.
- Find out the location of other communications (main sewerage, water supply, drains).
- An important indicator is the freezing point of the soil. If the pipes are laid below this point, the sewerage system will function without interruption even in winter.
The problem of soil freezing can be solved in a more modern way. For this purpose, pipes are not dug deep, but under them 
electric cable for heating. However, such a system will cost the owners a fairly substantial amount - saving on earthworks, you will have to pay increased amounts of electricity bills in winter.
It should be noted that SNiP contains all the formulas necessary to carry out calculations taking into account the type of drainage system, diameter and material of pipes. Ready project must be agreed upon supervisory authorities !
It is preferable to contact a licensed design organization, which will quickly and efficiently prepare all the necessary documentation, and also coordinate the project in all authorities without the participation of the owners.
Installation process
The installation of a storm drain from scratch includes the following steps: 
- Gutter holders are fixed on the roof at a distance of 80-90 centimeters from each other. A slope of two millimeters is maintained for each linear meter of the gutter.
- Places for funnels are marked in the gutters. The finished hole is 10 centimeters. A funnel is inserted into it. The open ends of the gutters are closed with plugs.
- Then the gutters are placed in holders, joining the sections using connecting elements and sealant.
- Corner bends are attached to the funnels, ensuring the outflow of water into drains placed vertically on the walls of the building.
- Drainpipes are attached to the walls using clamps. The distance from the drain to the wall should not be less than 10 centimeters!
- Drain elbows are mounted to the lower edges of the drains. The distance from the knee to the ground is 30 centimeters. A separate rain inlet is located under each drain elbow.
- Stormwater mains are laid in already prepared trenches with a sand cushion at the bottom 10-15 centimeters thick. Shallow ditches are dug for trays and storm water inlets. At the same time, collectors and inspection wells are being built.
- All trays and gutters are equipped with sand traps. After which they are connected using elbows to the main drain located below the freezing point of the soil. The tightness of all connections is strictly observed.
- The total is discharged into the collector (additional filters, for example, sorption, can be installed in front of it).
- From the collector, water flows into a storage well, from which emergency drainage is provided through a special pipe led into a ravine, a nearby reservoir or city sewer. Water can also be pumped out manually using a pump. In this case, a water discharge pipe is not needed.
After installation, the functionality of the system is checked. To do this, water is poured into the storm drain. After which the trays are closed with protective grilles, and the pipes are covered with soil.
Necessary tools
To carry out the work you will need: 
- bayonet and shovel shovels for excavating soil from trenches and pits for wells and collectors;
- hacksaw for cutting plastic pipes;
- wrenches (adjustable and wrench);
- screwdriver;
- file for polishing pipe cuts.
Materials used:
- plastic pipes;
- trays, funnels and grates (required for installing an open drainage system);
- inspection wells made of plastic or concrete rings for their construction;
- storm water inlets, sand traps and filters (if the water will be used for watering the garden and contains harmful impurities).
- cleaning the protective grilles of ground elements from large debris (branches, leaves, etc.);
- removing sediment from sand traps;
- cleaning gutters around the roof perimeter.
It is also necessary Special attention pay attention to the efficiency of the storm drain. If stagnation of water or poor quality drainage is noted, the reason 
lies in a clogged pipeline located underground. To solve the problem you need .
Sewage flushing is carried out through inspection wells or collectors. Specialists use special water pumps equipped with a long hose with a nozzle attachment. High pressure water washes away debris and frees the pipeline.
Such emergency flushing is required only if the basic operating rules are not followed:
- in case of untimely cleaning of grates and sand traps;
- or if there are no filters or sand traps in the system.
First and foremost: The key to developing a cost-effective and technically competent storm sewer project (as, indeed, any other project) is a correctly compiled Technical task. An unaccounted for nuance or an error made when drawing up the technical specifications usually leads to additional costs and loss of time for both the contractor and the project customer. Be careful and do not hesitate to take advice from specialists even at this initial stage. Flotenk specialists will be happy to advise you on all questions.
Next, it is necessary to calculate the amount of wastewater for which networks will be designed and the parameters of surface runoff treatment facilities and sewage pumping stations are calculated. In this case, you will need to refer to tabular and “local” geodetic and meteorological characteristics. Calculation is the foundation of a standard project storm sewer.
IN general outline, standard project storm sewer can be thought of as:
Drawing up a structural diagram - the basis of the project.
Calculation of the number and type of water collectors: storm wells or collectors. Also, depending on the location of these elements, their design is selected.
Based on the drawn up structural diagram linked to the plan, the footage of the drainage pipeline and/or storm gutters is calculated. This also takes into account the depth of the pipeline, the distance from the catchment point to the drainage well and the slope.
The needs for shut-off, control and connecting valves, the number and location of inspection wells, and, of course, stormwater treatment facilities are taken into account.
The equipment is placed on plans, profiles of sewerage networks, equipment specifications, and installation diagrams are drawn up.
Some examples of our projects:
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Development of a storm drainage project in in full- serious work, which should involve specialists with sufficient experience in the field of design.
A competent storm sewer project will allow you to easily get design documentation approved by supervisory authorities, complete construction on time, relieve you of penalties from regulatory authorities and, in the future, close the issue of collecting and disposing of surface wastewater for many years.