The Life Expectancy Index is an indicator of the average life expectancy in countries around the world. One of the key indicators of socio-demographic development. Calculated by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) on the basis of statistical data received from national institutions and international organizations, which are accumulated in the Population Division of the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Life expectancy can be calculated separately for women and men, reflecting the gender characteristics of this phenomenon.

The concept of “average life expectancy” for a certain population of births means how many years they lived on average from birth to death. Based on the fact that a person’s life expectancy is the age of his death, it is possible to measure the average life expectancy for a certain generation only when all members of the population have already died, that is, many years after the moment of birth. Obviously, the value of such an indicator for the study of living generations is small, therefore, in scientific practice and statistical publications, a different, more difficult to determine, meter is used. Life expectancy at birth is the number of years that, on average, one person from a certain model generation of births would have to live, provided that throughout the life of this generation, the mortality rate at each age remains the same as in the years for which it was calculated this indicator. In reality, these conditions will change, and a particular population group will live longer or shorter depending on the changed conditions. However, this indicator quite accurately reflects the realities of the present and the immediate past.

Life expectancy, being an indicator of the development of a wide range of social subsystems, is associated mainly with the efficiency of the administrative apparatus of the state and its social policy. This association is due to the fact that in the second half of the twentieth century, thanks to specific actions of states in the field of social policy, significant successes were achieved in the fight against mortality and increasing life expectancy. Thus, according to UN data, if in the early 1950s the proportion of the population living in countries with a life expectancy of more than 70 years was only 1% of total number world population, then by the beginning of the 2000s it had grown to 50%.

In general, the increase in life expectancy is a consequence of: economic development; scientific progress(primarily in the field of medicine); growth of the hygienic culture of the population and educational level in general; elimination of class and other a priori, non-economic inequality. An increase in life expectancy is a necessary condition for: increasing productivity, labor efficiency, and, in general, economic progress; growth in the level of education, scientific progress in the broad sense of the word (ability to learn, stable connections between generations, accumulation and processing of knowledge); social and gender equality; real right to choose.

The life expectancy index is published in a special UN report entitled “Assessing World Population Trends” and is used to calculate the Human Development Index as part of a special series of UN human development reports. The index is updated annually, but reports of UN data tend to lag by two years as they require international comparisons after data are published by national statistical offices.

LIFE EXPECTANCE LEVEL IN COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

United Nations Development Program: Human Development Report 2010. Life Expectancy Index 2012.

PLACE	A COUNTRY	LIFESPAN (YEARS)
1	Japan	83.6
2	Hong Kong	83.0
3	Switzerland	82.5
4	Monaco	82.3
5	Australia	82.0
6	Italy	82.0
7	Iceland	81.9
8	Israel	81.9
9	San Marino	81.9
10	France	81.7
11	Sweden	81.6
12	Spain	81.6
13	Norway	81.3
14	Singapore	81.2
15	Canada	81.1
16	Andorra	81.1
17	Austria	81.0
18	Netherlands	80.8
19	New Zealand	80.8
20	Ireland	80.7
21	South Korea	80.7
22	Germany	80.6
23	Great Britain	80.3
24	Finland	80.1
25	Luxembourg	80.1
26	Belgium	80.0
27	Greece	80.0
28	Nauru	80.0
29	Liechtenstein	79.8
30	Cyprus	79.8
31	Malta	79.8
32	Portugal	79.7
33	Slovenia	79.5
34	Costa Rica	79.4
35	Chile	79.3
36	Cuba	79.3
37	Denmark	79.0
38	USA	78.7
39	Qatar	78.5
40	Brunei	78.1
41	Czech	77.8
42	Dominica	77.6
43	Uruguay	77.2
44	Mexico	77.1
45	Albania	77.1
46	Maldives	77.1
47	Barbados	77.0
48	Croatia	76.8
49	United Arab Emirates	76.7
50	Poland	76.3
51	Panama	76.3
52	Belize	76.3
53	Argentina	76.1
54	Grenada	76.1
55	Syria	76.0
56	Bahamas	75.9
57	Bosnia and Herzegovina	75.8
58	Ecuador	75.8
59	Slovakia	75.6
60	Vietnam	75.4
61	Bahrain	75.2
62	Sri Lanka	75.1
63	Estonia	75.0
64	Libya	75.0
65	Macedonia	75.0
66	Montenegro	74.8
67	Saint Lucia	74.8
68	Kuwait	74.7
69	Serbia	74.7
70	Tunisia	74.7
71	Hungary	74.6
72	Venezuela	74.6
73	Malaysia	74.5
74	Armenia	74.4
75	Thailand	74.3
76	Nicaragua	74.3
77	Cape Verde	74.3
78	Romania	74.2
79	Peru	74.2
80	Türkiye	74.2
81	Saudi Arabia	74.1
82	Georgia	73.9
83	Colombia	73.9
84	Seychelles	73.8
85	Brazil	73.8
86	China	73.7
87	Lithuania	73.6
88	Bulgaria	73.6
89	Dominican Republic	73.6
90	Mauritius	73.5
91	Jordan	73.5
92	Egypt	73.5
93	Algeria	73.4
94	Honduras	73.4
95	Saint Kitts and Nevis	73.3
96	Jamaica	73.3
97	Iran	73.2
98	Oman	73.2
99	Palestine	73.0
100	Antigua and Barbuda	72.8
101	Lebanon	72.8
102	Samoa	72.7
103	Paraguay	72.7
104	Latvia	72.5
105	Saint Vincent	72.5
106	Tonga	72.5
107	Salvador	72.4
108	Morocco	72.4
109	Marshall Islands	72.3
110	Palau	72.1
111	Guatemala	71.4
112	Vanuatu	71.3
113	Azerbaijan	70.9
114	Suriname	70.8
115	Belarus	70.6
116	Trinidad and Tobago	70.3
117	Guyana	70.2
118	Indonesia	69.8
119	Moldova	69.6
120	Iraq	69.6
121	Fiji	69.4
122	Micronesia	69.2
123	Bangladesh	69.2
124	Russia	69.1
125	Nepal	69.1
126	Philippines	69.0
127	North Korea	69.0
128	Ukraine	68.8
129	Mongolia	68.8
130	Uzbekistan	68.6
131	Kiribati	68.4
132	Solomon islands	68.2
133	Kyrgyzstan	68.0
134	Tajikistan	67.8
135	Laos	67.8
136	Butane	67.6
137	Tuvalu	67.5
138	Kazakhstan	67.4
139	Bolivia	66.9
140	Madagascar	66.9
141	Yemen	65.9
142	India	65.8
143	Pakistan	65.7
144	Myanmar	65.7
145	Turkmenistan	65.2
146	Sao Tome and Principe	64.9
147	Ghana	64.6
148	Cambodia	63.6
149	Gabon	63.1
150	Papua New Guinea	63.1
151	Timor-Leste	62.9
152	Namibia	62.6
153	Haiti	62.4
154	Eritrea	62.0
155	Sudan	61.8
156	Comoros	61.5
157	Ethiopia	59.7
158	Senegal	59.6
159	Tanzania	58.9
160	Mauritania	58.9
161	Gambia	58.8
162	Djibouti	58.3
163	Congo	57.8
164	Kenya	57.7
165	Togo	57.5
166	Liberia	57.3
167	Benin	56.5
168	Ivory Coast	56.0
169	Burkina Faso	55.9
170	Rwanda	55.7
171	Niger	55.1
172	Malawi	54.8
173	Uganda	54.5
174	Guinea	54.5
175	South Africa	53.4
176	Botswana	53.0
177	Zimbabwe	52.7
178	Nigeria	52.3
179	Cameroon	52.1
180	Mali	51.9
181	Angola	51.5
182	Somalia	51.5
183	Equatorial Guinea	51.4
184	Burundi	50.9
185	Mozambique	50.7
186	Chad	49.9
187	Zambia	49.4
188	Afghanistan	49.1
189	Central African Republic	49.1
190	Swaziland	48.9
191	Lesotho	48.7
192	Democratic Republic of the Congo	48.7
193	Guinea-Bissau	48.6
194	Sierra Leone	48.1

Today we will talk about the life expectancy of people in different countries of the world and compare it with Russia.

Every person at least once in his life thought about living forever. Of course, no one has yet been able to realize such a desire, but there are a lot of centenarians in the world. Even humanity as a whole began to live much longer than our distant ancestors. Previously, the age of about 40 years was considered the end of life, but today the average life expectancy is approximately 70 years.

Life expectancy in Russia

In 2015, WHO (World Health Organization) compiled a list of countries with life expectancy for the entire country, for men and for women. Russia occupies 110th place in this list with average duration life 70.5 years. It is noteworthy that for women this figure is much higher - more than 10 years.

Women in Russia live on average 76.3 years, men - 64.7. Many attribute this to the fact that most of the country’s male population is negligent about their own health and safety measures in extreme situations. While women, on the contrary, strive to stay “in shape” longer, adhering to more healthy image life.

Japan is a country of long-livers

This is where they really care about living as long as possible. Japan is the world leader in life expectancy. According to the same rating, this figure is 83.7 years. Separately for men and women it was 80.5 years and 86.8 years, respectively. O. It is the female population of Japan that ranks first in life expectancy in the world.

Why does Japan have the palm? For many centuries, the Japanese have been concerned about their body and health. Most Japanese people follow a healthy lifestyle and eat healthy food. Few people here overeat in one meal or prefer chips to vegetables.

The result of this lifestyle is obvious: outwardly, the Japanese also look much younger than their years for a very long time. It is often impossible to determine the age of a middle-aged person. This also affects health: thanks to dietary food, internal organs are less susceptible to disease, and heart attacks occur less often.

European countries

Almost half of European countries are in the top ten of the WHO rankings. Thus, Switzerland (83.4 years) is in second place after Japan, followed by Germany (83.1 years), occupying second and third place in the ranking.

Also present here:

— Spain is in 5th place with an indicator of 82.8 years;
— Iceland in 6th place - 82.7 years;
— Italy in 7th place - 82.7 years;
— France in 9th place -82.4 years;
— Sweden closes the top ten with an indicator of 82.4 years.

As can be seen from the list, life expectancy in these countries is almost the same. Experts attribute this primarily to good developed system healthcare. In countries such as Germany, Switzerland, France, Sweden, medicine has reached the highest level, which makes it possible to effectively prevent and treat a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Thanks to this, in many European countries it is possible to prolong the lives of thousands of people prone to various diseases.

The quality of food and the environment are also important factors. Europe has very high standards for the quality and safety of all food products. Therefore, it is easy to find truly healthy food here. Even products such as fatty cheeses, sausages and the like are made from high-quality raw materials, which are carefully controlled by law.

The ecology of countries located near the Mediterranean Sea - Spain, France, Italy - has a positive impact on life expectancy. Due to the mild climate, cases of respiratory and pulmonary diseases and heart disease are less common here.

The culinary habits and traditions of these countries also contribute to increasing life expectancy. Presence in the diet large quantity vegetables, fruits, products of natural origin, ensure the smooth functioning of the body. This directly affects your overall health, quality and length of life.

All this together creates excellent conditions for the long life of the peoples of these countries.

Australia - 4th place in the WHO ranking

Having diluted the European countries, Australia entered the top ten of the ranking. The country, seemingly cut off from the whole world, is also famous for its life expectancy, average which amounted to 82.8 years in 2015.

Australia is isolated from the world, does not participate in wars and has nothing to share with its neighbors, because they are far away. In view of this, life here is quite calm and measured, and the people are exclusively concerned with their own lives. This may be one of the reasons for the longevity of Australians. By the way, the difference between men and women is not so great: 80.9 and 84.8, respectively.

The climate in this part of the world is also favorable: mild winters and moderately warm summers. Many Australian residents are engaged in farming, growing organic products: organic food helps to strengthen and maintain health for many years. In addition, healthcare is well developed here.

Does quantity mean quality?

The most densely populated countries also included in the WHO rating list. Although they did not take a leading position in life expectancy. As a rule, in these countries the birth rate exceeds the death rate, which is why the population grows. But it does not always depend on life expectancy. In some cases it is much lower than the population of the country.

Breakthrough in increasing life expectancy in China

China is one of the most numerous and interesting countries in terms of increasing life expectancy. Despite the fact that it exceeds all others in population, it was only in 54th place with an indicator of 76.1 years (74.6 for men and 77.6 for women). Nevertheless, this is already a great achievement for the country.

The fact is that not so long ago, in 1949, this figure was only 35 years. This age was the average throughout the populous country. The government became seriously concerned about this problem and began to take development measures. The state managed to correct the situation by creating the world's largest social security system.

The government did huge contribution in the development of the country, thanks to which the poverty level has decreased significantly: more than 700 million people have moved from a poor social level to a moderately prosperous one. According to statistics, this is 70% of the entire world population that has escaped poverty.

For more than 50 years, all spheres of public life have developed in the country - culture, education, economics, healthcare. There has been a great improvement in the health sector, which has reduced the number of diseases in all age groups. Separately, a cooperative rural health care system has been created, which has improved the situation among the population employed in rural industry.

A lot of attention is paid to environmental safety. Considerable funds have been invested to ensure environmental standards in major cities China and in rural areas.

Thanks to the combination of all these factors, life expectancy in China has been able to rise so quickly in a relatively short period. This is the biggest leap in the world.

Life expectancy in India

The situation in the world's second most populous country is radically different from China. There is a very high birth rate here, which is not regulated in any way. Moreover, the following trend is noted: the higher social status family, the fewer children are born in it. Accordingly, the maximum birth rate occurs in the lower strata of the population. And in them, unfortunately, infant mortality is very high, and diseases are common that do not allow people to live to old age.

As a result of this imbalance, the number of population in the country does not depend in any way on life expectancy, which, according to the rating in question, is 68.3 years. Thus, India ranks 125th in the list.

Summing up

Summarizing all of the above, we can conclude that life expectancy directly depends on:

- lifestyle of the majority of the population;
— the level of development of healthcare in the country;
— quality of food and water;
— environmental situation;
— the level of general development of the country as a whole and its population.

It is important to emphasize that the more sensitive the people themselves are to their own health, the longer they can live in this world. Therefore, life expectancy in a country depends not only on the quality medical development, but also on the lifestyle of each of us.

Average life expectancy in Russia has reached the world average and reached 72 and a half years for the first time. The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation delivered such an optimistic message in the fall of 2017. The numbers did not change in 2018.

Let's tell you in more detail what the average life expectancy in Russia is at the turn of 2018-2019 - men and women began to live longer. Taking this circumstance into account, the government even decided to raise the retirement age in the Russian Federation.

Compared to global indicators

Average life expectancy in the world (2018) is 71 years. Statistics over the past 70-75 years prove that, in general, the planet's population everywhere has begun to live longer. In the middle of the 20th century, the average was 47 years, and after the first fifteen years of the 21st century it reached 71 years.

Russian indicators have always been noticeably different. During the period of severe post-war hardship, life expectancy was significantly higher than the world average. In the sixties of the 20th century, it almost reached 70 years, but subsequently growth stopped for two decades and then began to decline. In the 90s and early 2000s, Russia began to seriously lag behind. However, the decline occurred in other countries as well. of Eastern Europe Russia in this sense is no exception. And only in the last two years has the gap been narrowed.

The language of numbers

Life expectancy in the world by country (2018 table) varies greatly: in developed regions it has almost reached 87 years, and in some African countries people live even less than 50 years.

However, positive trends are obvious. A UN report (05/15/2017) states that early deaths have significantly decreased worldwide. Demographic crisis the beginning of the 90s, caused by the spread of AIDS in third world countries and the collapse of the USSR with all the negative socio-economic consequences, is gradually being overcome.

The lowest rates among European countries, the report notes, is demonstrated by Ukraine and Russia, where the average age is about 70 -71 years, while in Europe as a whole it is slightly more than 77 years.

According to UN estimates, Russia is now in 125th position on the list in descending order of indicators among countries with a population of more than 90,000 people (there are 201 states in total on the list). Based on the results of the first half of 2018, life expectancy in Russia (2018. Rosstat, official website) was 72.4 years. What does the indicator depend on? All factors that influence living conditions also affect its duration. It is customary to highlight:

• socio-economic conditions;
• climatic conditions;
• behavioral factors.

Military conflicts and natural disasters that claim lives also have a significant impact on life expectancy.

Do not forget about the quality of life in general and the level medical care in particular - this the most important factors, which determine the growth in the number of centenarians in the country.
The Russian Ministry of Health, stating that life expectancy in Russia has increased to 72 and a half years, explains this by the fact that mortality rates have decreased significantly, and the quality of medical care, on the contrary, has increased.

An important aspect of the work of the health care institute was the prevention of abortions and increasing the availability of artificial insemination (IVF).

Reducing the consumption of alcoholic beverages and promoting a healthy lifestyle also influenced life expectancy: the number of premature deaths in the Russian Federation has noticeably decreased, and demographic indicators, on the contrary, have increased. Why do men in Russia live less? The difference in life expectancy varies by gender. Women live longer in most countries. But if in the countries of the Middle East the indicators differ by 1-2 years in favor of women, then in Europe it is approximately 7-8 years. In Russia the difference is even greater.

The average life expectancy of women in Russia in 2018, according to the Russian Minister of Health, is 77.4 years. Men were less fortunate - 67.5 years old.
WHO cites biologically and historically determined differences between men and women as the main reasons for this gap. They usually give a difference of about 3-5 years. The gap between the life expectancy of men and women in Russia is so high due to a number of factors that negatively affect the health of the stronger sex - these are:

• smoking;
• low stress resistance;
• extreme loads;
• reluctance to take care of your health;
• etc.

In particularly unfavorable years, men in our country lived as much as thirteen years less than women. IN last years there has been a tendency towards a decrease in the gap between the average life span of representatives of both sexes. Thus, according to estimates of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, for last year this figure dropped to 10.6 years, and in 2017, the average life expectancy of men in Russia reached 67.5 years, i.e. the gap became less than 10 years. This is very encouraging news.

Table - life expectancy forecast

The mortality rate of the population is directly related to such an important demographic indicator, as life expectancy, which is determined by natural, socio-economic, socio-political, environmental, household factors, and also depends on people’s lifestyles and the efficiency of functioning of healthcare institutions. Lifespan - the number of years lived by a person from the day of birth to the day of death. In demography, there are indicators of real, probable and expected average life expectancy.

Life expectancy of the population is calculated as average value years lived by residents of the country who died during a certain period, usually a year. Index real life expectancy of the population calculated based on statistical data age structure population at the beginning of the year. However, demographers pay Special attention the concept of “probabilistic life expectancy”, which in the 17th century. was introduced by the English mathematician E. Halley. He also calculated life expectancy people at different ages to determine the dependence of the insurance annuity on the age of the person’s probabilistic life expectancy. To calculate life expectancy, special mortality tables are used, which show to what average age people born in a given region can live. calendar year, if throughout their lives the age-specific mortality rates characteristic of the year of their birth remain unchanged.

The first mortality tables were proposed by the Englishman J. Graunt. Nowadays in English they are called life tables - life tables. Mortality tables show how the generation of people born in the same year gradually decreases as their age increases as a result of the deaths that occur. Mortality tables can be constructed at different age intervals (one year, five or 10 years) for men and women, urban and rural population. Complete mortality tables Russian population are calculated by Rosstat up to the age of 10(1 years). Mortality tables serve as the basis for calculating indicators of population reproduction, population aging and forecasts of the working age population.

The life expectancy for different ages of men and women is not the same and decreases as their age increases. The positive difference between the expected and actual life expectancy of the population indicates a decrease in mortality and an improvement in people's living conditions. Reducing mortality and increasing real life expectancy of the population depend on the ecological state environment, the level and lifestyle of the people, the efficiency of sanitary and medical services. According to scientists, over the past 160 years, real life expectancy has increased by three months every year. At the same time, people with higher education it is higher than that of the uneducated by about six years. Men with a high index of 10 have a longer life expectancy, while women have a higher life expectancy.

The highest real life expectancy in the USSR for men (64.9 years) and women (74.6 years) was recorded in 1987. Some experts attribute the increase in average life expectancy of Soviet people in 1985-1987. with the results of the anti-alcohol campaign carried out during these years. However, from 1988 until 1994, the real life expectancy of the Russian population decreased sharply. In 1994, this figure for men was 57.6 years, and for women - 71.2. In 1998, among 174 countries in the world, in terms of real life expectancy for men, it ranked 114th, and for women, 76th.

Over the subsequent years, there has been a tendency towards an increase in the real life expectancy of Russians. Thus, in 1998, this figure for men was 61.3 years, for women - 72.9. However, in 2000, a decrease in the real life expectancy of Russians was again recorded: for men - up to 59 years, for women - up to 72.2. On beginning of XXI V. the highest indicators of real life expectancy in Russia were established in Moscow and the republics of the North Caucasus, and the lowest in the Republic of Tyva (for men - 51 years, for women - 66 years). In 2003, a decrease was again recorded in the real life expectancy of Russians: for men - to 58.8 years, for women - to 72. According to the UN, in 2004 Russia ranked 119th in terms of real life expectancy for men, and women - 85th place among 175 countries of the world. Indicators of real life expectancy for men and women in different countries in 2013 are presented in table. 8.5.

Table 8.5. Indicators of real life expectancy of people in the world, years

For many years, Russia had the world's largest gap between the life expectancy of men and women.

Thus, in 1997, for the entire population of the planet, this gap was 4.2 years in favor of women, and in Russia it was 12.2 years. The minimum gap in life expectancy between men and women - 0.1 year - occurs in Bangladesh. The excess life expectancy of men over the life expectancy of women is observed in Nepal. Today, life expectancy in Russia is lower than in economically developed countries: for men - on average for 10-15 years, for women - for 6-8.

In 2013, life expectancy for men in Russia reached 66.1 years compared to 58.6 years in 2003; Life expectancy for women increased to 73.1 years compared to 71.8 years in 2003. The increase compared to 2003 was 5.8 years for men and 4.3 years for women. As a result, the difference in life expectancy between men and women decreased to 11.8 years (in 2003 it was 13.3 years, and in 1994 - 13.7 years). However, this difference in life expectancy between men and women compared to most countries in the world is still very significant. Despite the continued increase in life expectancy for men in Russia, its value in 2013 remained lower than in the mid-1960s and 1980s.

According to the Minister of Health of the Russian Federation V.I. Skvortsova, in 2014 the average life expectancy in Russia “increased by almost a year and amounted to 71.6 years” (Arguments and Facts. 2014. No. 46). According to statistical data in Russia, the longest average life expectancy in 2014 was noted in the Republic of Ingushetia - 78 years, in Moscow - 76, in the Republic of Dagestan - 75, in St. Petersburg, in the republics of Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia- 74 years old, in Chechen Republic- 73, in Krasnodar and Stavropol Territory, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug- 72 years old. The lowest average life expectancy was recorded in the Republic of Tyva - 61 years, in Chukotka - 62, in the Jewish Autonomous Region - 64, in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug - 65 years.

In 1990, the UN published the Human Development Report, which proposed a special socio-demographic indicator - human development index, which is calculated based on three dimensions: life expectancy, achieved level of education and standard of living. According to calculations, the human development index in the United States is currently 0.91 (4th place in the world), in Russia - 0.75 (66th place in the world).

This is the name of the almanac book published annually by the US Central Intelligence Agency with statistical data on all countries of the world.

According to a study conducted in 2013, Russia is in 152nd place in terms of life expectancy. We tell you what the situation is in other countries.

1st place: Monaco

A gap of more than 5 years from its closest pursuer allows it to confidently lead the ranking of long-livers. Experts say the main reasons for the world's highest life expectancy (89.63 years) are the favorable Mediterranean climate, good environmental situation, an abundance of high-quality medical centers and health salons.

Decent income (average wage- about 5.5 thousand euros per month) and provide residents with proper nutrition low level stress and good health.

2nd place: Macau

Macau (or Macao) is an autonomous territory within the People's Republic of China with an average life expectancy of 84.5 years. Macau is often called the pleasure and entertainment capital of Southeast Asia. The total turnover of local casinos is seven times greater than in Las Vegas. It is not surprising that almost the entire local population is employed in the service sector and receives high salaries.

The Macanese themselves claim that the secret of their longevity is abstinence from alcohol, a rice and vegetable diet, and a happy and long family life.

3rd place: Japan

As a rule, people live up to 84 years in Japan. According to the Guinness Book of Records, the oldest person in the world lived in Japan until recently. Jiroemon Kimura died at the age of 116 in 2013. Older Japanese people tend to be sociable and have an optimistic outlook on life. This is facilitated by the activities of special organizations for people over 75 years of age, supporting their creative endeavors.

Top 20 countries with the highest life expectancy

	A country
	Singapore
	San Marino
	Guernsey (Channel Islands, UK)
	Switzerland
	Australia
	Liechtenstein
	Jersey (Channel Islands, UK)
	Iceland
	Anguilla (island, UK)

Outsiders: African countries

The country has held the top spot in the list of countries with the lowest life expectancy for many years. The last places in the third hundred of The World Factbook ranking are occupied by Guinea-Bissau, South Africa and Chad. Locals Here people rarely cross the threshold of 50 full years.

According to analysts, the deterioration demographic situation in African countries is associated with the difficult state of the economy, unsanitary conditions and the spread of dangerous diseases. The proportion of HIV-infected people among the adult population here ranges from 10 to 25%.

Top 20 countries with the lowest life expectancy

	A country	Average life expectancy, years
	Botswana
	Burkina Faso
	Zimbabwe
	Mozambique
	Central African Republic
	Afghanistan
	Swaziland
	Guinea-Bissau
	South Africa

Photo: thinkstockphotos.com, flickr.com