The Ochakovsky plant produces reinforced concrete products according to customer drawings, using long-term professional experience, modern equipment and high-quality, carefully selected raw materials. Today we are ready to create the most complex individual configurations of reinforced concrete forms that will be in demand for:

• implementation of construction and installation tasks for which standard reinforced concrete structures are not suitable;
• creating attractive architectural objects and forms;
• construction of new structures within the existing architectural ensemble;
• construction, subject to strict adherence to the work schedule, when there is no time to adjust standard products.

Concrete products according to customer drawings, manufactured by us to order, provide the opportunity for the successful implementation of construction projects in which the unique design of the structures being built plays a key role.

Prompt installation of reinforced concrete elements without adjustment and modification is another undoubted advantage of this product.

Use of individual concrete products made to order

Today, the construction of various objects and structures often includes special requirements for the appearance of architectural elements. Construction aesthetics is increasingly becoming a significant criterion for the operational value of newly constructed or reconstructed objects. Therefore, individual reinforced concrete products according to customer drawings are rightfully considered the only option for the implementation of many construction programs. Their main advantages:

• high architectural aesthetics, which can be enhanced by additional processing of external surfaces;
• possibility of quick installation without preliminary fittings and modifications;
• powerful design potential that can become the basis for creating exquisite designs

For clarity, let us give the following example: at the end of 2017, the Ochakovsky plant produced original concrete products according to customer drawings for the construction of a unique fence around the entire perimeter of the Arkhangelskoye estate. The new fence was designed to be similar to the Mud Fence erected on the estate in 1826, and was intended to retain the appeal of the classic style of concrete columns. The installation of ready-made fence structures was carried out without labor-intensive adjustment, which saved not only time, but also money for the customer, who received stylish supports that were installed on a textured monumental pedestal.

Individual precast concrete products – an inspiring product selection

The Ochakovsky plant produces individual reinforced concrete products of the following types:

• non-standard reinforced concrete structures - original products of extraordinary configuration;
• reinforced concrete forms made for a specific architectural style;
• Concrete products of complex spatial shape;
• small architectural elements and external facade panels according to ready-made drawings.

With absence finished project Our designers are ready to develop original drawings for you, according to which the corresponding products will be manufactured.

Features of the production of precast concrete products to order

The Ochakovsky plant has its own modern laboratory that conducts research on the raw materials used in production. All source materials are supplied by proven reliable partners, and total quality control guarantees high level execution of each product.

Often, architectural concrete, represented by the products of the popular Nota-Concrete brand, is used to produce structures of complex shapes.

An impressive range of mixtures allows you to produce expressive parts, including those with the texture of natural stone. This technology reduces the overall weight of structures, increasing stability reinforced concrete forms to all external factors.

The production of non-standard reinforced concrete structures may include the fulfillment of additional operational requirements for the final products. For example, we often receive orders for the production of frost-resistant and waterproof original forms with surface textures that imitate natural granite or sandstone.

Installation of non-standard reinforced concrete products requires accurate preliminary engineering calculations specified in technical specifications. While standard products often have to be adjusted to fit the supporting base and exterior infrastructure, custom forms fit precisely into the architectural surroundings.

Five reasons to order the production of precast concrete products at our plant

1. All manufactured products are provided with an official manufacturer's warranty.
2. All original concrete products according to customer drawings are distinguished by excellent performance characteristics, which determine the long service life of the corresponding structures.
3. We are ready to manufacture individual structures in a full cycle, including design, production and delivery of reinforced concrete elements directly on site.
4. Delivery of finished products for wholesale orders is carried out at the expense of our company.

Attractive first-hand prices are complemented by a system of flexible discounts for wholesale quantities

All custom-made reinforced concrete products fully comply with current GOST standards. Today our company is the largest supplier of original reinforced concrete products made to individual sizes. By entrusting us with the production of unique architectural and construction forms, you can be sure of the excellent quality of the supplied products.

Professional production of concrete products according to customer drawings - the result always exceeds expectations!

Any standard concrete products can be manufactured with individual characteristics according to customer drawings.

Methods for manufacturing reinforced concrete products and structures

In modern hydraulic engineering, prefabricated reinforced concrete structures are widely used. Precast concrete and reinforced concrete are used in the construction of massive high structures, in the construction of tunnels and underground hydroelectric power stations, pumping stations and valor water conduits. The use of prefabricated reinforced concrete is the most important link in the industrialization of construction and the radical improvement of building structures. When using prefabricated reinforced concrete, the specific volume of reinforced concrete is significantly reduced (up to 40% compared to the monolithic version), the amount of required work force(up to 50%) and unit costs are reduced (by 25-40%).

In the conditions of widespread use of precast reinforced concrete, the construction time before the commissioning of the first hydraulic units is reduced to 3.5-4.5 years, i.e., it is closer to the construction time of large thermal power plants.

In this regard, industrial methods of mass production of reinforced concrete products and structures at special large industrial plants with a capacity of 150-200 thousand cubic meters per year, serving adjacent areas, or at landfills located directly at construction sites are of particular importance.

To ensure energy construction with prefabricated parts, a network of powerful enterprises in the construction industry is being created, as well as regional and inter-district bases with a radius of action of up to 800 km.

At precast reinforced concrete enterprises, mechanized technological lines are created:
a) for the manufacture of codoins, crossbars and beams;
b) for the production of foundations and other massive structures;
c) for the production of panels, coatings and ceilings.

At these enterprises, three main methods of mechanization for the production of prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete structures have become widespread: bench-type, flow-unit and flow-conveyor.

Rice. 225. Technological schemes for the manufacture of prefabricated reinforced concrete products and structures:
a - bench; b - flow-unit; c - flow-conveyor

With the bench method (Fig. 225, a), all operations (forming, hardening, stripping, surface treatment) during the entire process of manufacturing products are carried out on stationary stands. The molds with the product, both during the manufacturing process, laying and compacting the concrete mixture, and during the hardening of the concrete, remain in place, and production units and technological equipment (forming mechanisms) are sequentially moved from one stationary mold in which the product is molded to another. The product itself moves only 1 time - during its transportation to warehouse 3 finished products. Machines that perform the operations of feeding forms, reinforcement and concrete mixture, as well as laying reinforcement, concreting and stripping, move from one mold with a manufactured product to another.

The bench method is appropriate for the production of large parts, as well as when using special equipment for molding a certain type of product (string-concrete bench, concrete combine, vertical cassette machines, etc.).

The bench method can be carried out:
a) on smooth concrete platforms- for the manufacture of any parts, but mainly large-sized flat parts, in which the surface of the heated floor is used more efficiently;
b) in pit steaming chambers installed during the production of massive structures, heating of which on a thermal floor does not provide the necessary heat treatment;
c) on special stands intended for the production of stressed-reinforced structures - beams, purlins, decking and floor panels.
The weight of products molded using the bench method depends only on the lifting capacity of the cranes.

The flow-aggregate method for the production of prefabricated reinforced concrete parts (Fig. 225, b) is characterized by the fact that technological operations Product manufacturing is carried out at different work stations. According to this scheme, molds 2 with products are moved from post to post with the help of lifting vehicles with stops necessary to complete each operation. In this case, concrete hardening occurs not at the molding site, but in special steaming chambers 5. After heat treatment, the molds with the product are moved to the formwork station, from where the finished products are transported to the finished product warehouse, and the molds are returned to the molding station.

The flow-aggregate method is very flexible and makes it possible to most simply organize the production of various products: slabs, panels, decking, purlins, crossbars, columns, etc. To switch from the production of one type of product to another, only a replacement of molds is required. Due to its cost-effectiveness, flexibility and ease of development, this method is widely used in factories of prefabricated reinforced concrete parts of any capacity.

The weight of molded products using the flow-aggregate method is limited by the lifting capacity of cranes and forming vibrating platforms.

With the flow-conveyor method for the production of prefabricated reinforced concrete parts (Fig. 225, c), products and trolley forms move from one post to another along a conveyor with a forced rhythm determined by the longest operation; at the same time, the machines that process these products and equipment remain in their places, and the trolley molds first pass through preparatory stations, where they are cleaned and lubricated.

Then they arrive at the main posts, where reinforcement and embedded parts are laid in a strictly defined order, as well as the concrete mixture is laid and compacted. Having passed all the posts, the product is sent to the tunnel-type continuous steaming chambers, where it is steamed, continuing to move non-stop. Upon exiting the chamber and subsequent extrusion from the mold, the product goes to the finished product warehouse, and the mold goes to the post. For each type of product at such a plant, a specialized conveyor line is arranged.

The weight of molded products using flow-conveyor technology is limited by the lifting capacity of cranes and forming vibrocompactors, as well as the power of the conveyor traction elements.

In factories operating using the flow-conveyor method, it is possible to use more advanced technology and automatic lines (rolling mills, vertical cassette plants), which is the most economical.

Taking into account the nature of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures used in the construction of energy facilities, the possible concentration of prefabricated reinforced concrete enterprises and the volume of their production, the most appropriate technological schemes are considered to be flow-unit and flow-bench.

In Fig. 226 schematically shows the flow method for constructing a hydroelectric power station from precast reinforced concrete.

The process of product manufacturing and installation consists of individual transactions. Each operation is carried out in specialized workshops or sites. The conveyor, consisting of railway platforms with molds, combines the work of workshops and sites into a single production process. Ov determines the production flow, speeds up the production of products and organizes general progress works The cycle of moving a platform with molds begins from the mold preparation shop to the finished product site of the reinforcement plant, then to the product molding shop, the product heat treatment site and to the installation site.

After removing the finished product at the assembly site, the platform is returned to the mold preparation shop, and the cycle is repeated. The platform moves inside the production line using motor or diesel locomotives.

Production of prefabricated reinforced concrete products according to any of the above technological schemes consists of the following main processes:
a) reception, storage and transportation of raw materials;
b) manufacture of fittings;
c) preparing the concrete mixture;
d) molding parts;
e) acceleration of hardening of parts;
e) stripping and finishing and
g) storage of finished products.

Of the entire complex of processes that make up the production of concrete and reinforced concrete products, molding is the most important; The molding method adopted often determines the method of making the product as a whole.

The molding process consists of the following technological and transport operations: preparation of molds (cleaning, lubrication and assembly); laying reinforcement and embedded parts or tensioning reinforcement; laying and distributing the concrete mixture in the mold and compacting it; processing the front surface of molded products (leveling, smoothing, etc.); removing the void-forming liners and releasing the on-board equipment of the molds; releasing pallets or molds from products and returning them to the beginning of the flow.

Rice. 226. Scheme of the flow method for constructing a hydroelectric power station from prefabricated reinforced concrete:
1 - mold preparation workshop; 2 - reinforcement plant; 3 - product molding shop; 4 - areas for heat treatment of products; 5 - installation site; 6 - concrete plant; 7 - aggregate warehouse

Certain operations, depending on the type of products and the accepted methods of their preparation, may fall outside technological process or change.
In modern practice, this takes into account the method of compaction and the nature of the molding equipment.

The following methods of molding products are accepted:
1) vibration, combined in necessary cases with stamping, vacuuming and pressing of concrete mixture;
2) pressing and rolling;
3) centrifugal method;
4) casting without compaction;
5) printed method in matrices.

The main equipment for mechanizing the molding of products are various types of molds, devices for cleaning and lubricating them, as well as machines for laying and distributing concrete mixture in molds and for finishing the front surface.

The most labor-intensive operations of molding products are laying the concrete mixture into the mold and its distribution in it. These operations in modern practice are performed mechanized, using self-propelled concrete pavers.

The latter, depending on their purpose, are divided into:
a) concrete pavers with belt feeders - for the flow-conveyor production method;
b) concrete pavers with a rotary belt feeder - for the bench production method;
c) concrete pavers with belt feeders and devices for distributing and smoothing concrete - for the aggregate-flow production method.

A concrete paver with a belt feeder (Fig. 227) for flow-conveyor installations consists of a self-propelled frame, a frame drive, a belt feeder, a feeder drive, a damper for adjusting the size of the outlet slot of the storage tank, a manual damper control mechanism, a hopper, a cable suspension unit, a hydraulic drive and a remote control management. Two wheels of the self-propelled frame are driven. The frame movement drive consists of a three-speed electric motor, gearbox, shaft and two chain drives. The belt feeder consists of drive and tension drums, an endless rubberized belt and a support sheet. The damper is made in the form of a sector shield that covers the outlet of the storage tank. The damper control mechanism consists of a worm gear, propeller shaft, gears and rack.

Rice. 227. Concrete paver with belt feeder for flow-conveyor installations

To make it possible to mold products of different widths, the position of the walls of the storage tank can be adjusted using hydraulic pushers.

The productivity of this type of concrete pavers is 20-50 m3/h. Travel speed 4-10 m/min. Engine power 6-10 kW.

A concrete paver with a rotary belt feeder is used for placing concrete in forms installed on an extended stand.

On the support self-propelled trolley of the concrete paver (Fig. 228), a movement drive, a platform rotation drive and a track, which is the supporting surface for the wheels of the turntable, are mounted. On the frame of the latter there is a receiving hopper, a belt feeder drive, a feeder boom lift drive and a control panel. The loading funnel of the belt feeder is equipped with a gate, with which the thickness of the concrete layer on the belt is adjusted.

Compaction of concrete by vibration is carried out using surface and deep vibrators and vibrating platforms, which are horizontal platforms on elastic pads, driven into oscillatory motion by vibration mechanisms. The mold with the manufactured product placed in it is installed on a horizontal platform of such a vibrator and is subjected, together with the product, to vibration.

Vibrocompression is the simultaneous vibration and pressing of a molded product using a plate located on the surface of the concrete mixture or internal pneumatic liners. Vibration pressing has significant advantages over static pressing (without vibration), which requires heavier and more powerful presses. The magnitude of the pressing pressure is 5-15 KHJM2 (50-150 g/cm2) and depends on the hardness of the concrete mixture.

Vibrostamping differs from vibrocompression in that the molded product has not a flat, but a profiled surface ( flights of stairs, ribbed slabs, sleepers, etc.), and therefore the surface of the pressing plate, called a vibrating stamp, is also profiled. The vibrating stamp, under the influence of its own weight and the vibrator mounted on it, presses the desired relief into the molded product and compacts the concrete mixture.

Rice. 228. Concrete paver for bench installations with a rotary belt feeder

Vibration stamping is also used in the manufacture of figured products. In these cases, the necessary outline of the bottom. surface is obtained using a matrix.

A progressive direction in the development of mass production of similar products and parts is the transition to molding on specialized machines, in which the mold or its side elements and liners become integral parts of the molding machines themselves. When molding hollow products, such as panels, decking, wall blocks, etc., hollow, round or oval-shaped void formers with vibrating mechanisms in the cavity, called vibratory inserts, are used to compact the concrete mixture. The vibration inserts are mounted on a traverse, which performs a reciprocating movement when inserting the inserts into the mold and removing them from it. In machines with vibrating inserts, the movement of the engraver with void formers is usually combined with the movement of the end or longitudinal sides of the mold by a certain amount.

A universal type vibration insert (empty former) is shown in Fig. 229. It is an oval (round) body in which vibrators are arranged in series. connected to each other by intermediate shafts with articulated couplings. The vibrator shafts are driven into rotation by an electric motor through a V-belt transmission, which transmits rotation to a pulley mounted on the vibrator shaft. The tension of the belt drive is carried out by a tension roller.

Molding machines working with vibration liners, depending on the number of liners, have a productivity of 200 to 900 m? per shift. The installed power of electric motors ranges from 25 to 75 kW.

A new technology for the manufacture of elements of large-sized reinforced concrete structures is being developed using two methods: the vibratory rolling method or the vibrocompression method and the cassette method in vertical multi-place cassettes.

The vibration rolling method, developed in the USSR, is widely used in the manufacture of thin-walled large-panel parts with stressed reinforcement.

In Fig. 230 shows a diagram of an installation for the production of ribbed reinforced concrete slabs using the vibration rolling method on a rolling mill designed by N. Ya. Kozlov.

The rolling mill consists of a forming belt with liners, a load-bearing chain, dosing and mixing equipment, an auger, a continuous concrete mixer, an auger concrete paver, a vibrating beam, a vibrating shield, a leveler, a calibrating device, a rubberized tape that seals the product in the heat treatment area, an overrunning roller table and a tipper.

The concrete mixture is prepared using dosing and mixing equipment. Passing through the auger, it is moistened and enters a continuous paddle gasoline mixer. From here the mixture is fed to the forming belt. The panel is formed on a continuously moving endless metal belt, which is a series of traction chains on which the liners are attached. There is a fixed metal sheet under the chains to prevent concrete spillage. Between the traction chains there are supporting chains on which the longitudinal ribs of the molded panel rest. Compaction of the mixture and filling of the space between the liners is ensured by a vibrating beam.

The laid and compacted concrete, moving with the forming belt, passes under the rib former, which collects concrete over the ribs of the molded panel in the amount necessary for compaction during rolling, and then falls under the calibrating device, where it is finally rolled. The calibrating device consists of a drum and a series of rolls surrounded by an endless continuous belt.

Rice. 230. Diagram of a rolling mill designed by N. Ya. Kozlov

Inserts ensure the formation of depressions in the molded product. The gaps between the liners correspond to the thickness of the ribs. The concrete mixture is compacted at a pressure of up to 2500 kn/m2 (25 kg/om2). The dividing beam is used to separate one panel from another.

Rice. 231. Mechanized cassette

The molded panel is fed under a sealing tape into the heat treatment zone, where after two hours at a temperature of 100 °C, the slabs obtain a strength of about 20 MN/m2 (200 kg/cm2). After this, the finished product is fed onto a double-shear roller conveyor and then goes to a stand for quality control and panel assembly.

Using a similar rolling installation, it is possible to mold not only smooth partition panels, but also panels of external walls, smooth on one side and ribbed on the opposite side, for which the lower forming belt must have a corresponding profile surface and serve as a matrix.

For the manufacture of thin-walled reinforced concrete products using the cassette method, vertical sliding metal or reinforced concrete cassettes are used (Fig. 231). With this method, heat treatment of products is carried out directly in cassettes.

The technological process for manufacturing panels in vertical cassettes is as follows. After cleaning and lubricating the surfaces of the cassettes, which are in the extended state, pre-prepared frames are installed and the embedded metal parts (clamps) are secured. On the frame meshes, embedded clamps are installed in a “spaced manner” to ensure the central position of the reinforcing mesh in the panel wall, after which the cassette walls are moved to a position corresponding to the dimensions of the part being manufactured. Then special vibrating nozzles are installed, which are attached to the elements of the panel’s reinforcing mesh, and concrete mixture is fed into the cassette, simultaneously into all compartments, which is compacted by vibration during its laying. After laying the concrete mixture, the vibrating nozzles are removed and covers are installed to cover the upper surfaces of the panel.

There are five main reasons to order concrete products from our company:

• We manufacture products according to the full cycle principle: design-production-delivery. This provides the ability to control all stages of the process and be directly responsible for them.
• All manufactured reinforced concrete products are different long term operation, durability and consistent reliability.
• The client receives a guarantee for all manufactured products.
• Delivery of reinforced concrete products ordered from us is carried out at low prices.
• Not only do we have acceptable prices, but also a flexible system of discounts in case of wholesale purchases.

We have all the necessary certificates of conformity, and our products fully comply with GOST. By contacting us, you can have no doubt about the quality of products and the efficiency of solving problems.

Our company produces first-class reinforced concrete products based on customer drawings. In this we are helped by many years of experience, high-quality raw materials and modern technical equipment. Our products will help you implement ideas such as:

• Creation of new simple building objects and aesthetic objects of architecture.
• Installation associated with reinforced concrete structures of non-standard shapes and sizes.
• Construction of new buildings, appearance which should harmoniously fit into the already existing architectural ensemble.
• A construction process that is limited to a tight schedule without the ability to find the time to tailor typical products to the requirements of the facility under construction.

Our products are easy to assemble, because they exactly match the tasks set by the customer and do not need to be modified on site. This is a serious argument in favor of custom-made reinforced concrete products.

Areas of use of custom-made concrete products

Today, during the construction of many objects, additional requirements arise, along with typical ones, specifically for the appearance of these objects. In other words, today the aesthetic side plays a significant role, in particular in urban planning. That is why the production of reinforced concrete products according to individual drawings of the customer is a very popular and, in a sense, the only option when various construction programs are implemented.

The main advantages are:

• Operational installation, since there is no need to adjust or adjust the part.
• Architectural aesthetics at a decent level with the possibility of enhancing it through subsequent surface treatment of products.
• Design potential, leading and the future will lead to the creation of the most unexpected and daring designs.

We can give an example to make it clearer: for example, a new fence for an architectural monument - an old estate. Such designs cannot be made according to standard projects using ordinary reinforced concrete products, because in addition to reliability, they must also have an appearance that would not contrast with the era of the construction of the estate itself, but would be in harmony with it.

Thanks to thoughtful drawings, we can produce custom-made products that are easy to install, which saves both time and financial costs for the customer.

Types of custom-made concrete products

We produce individual concrete products of the following types:

• Reinforced concrete structures created in accordance with a specific architectural style.
• External facade panels and small architectural forms, made according to ready-made drawings.
• Non-standard reinforced concrete products of various configurations.
• Products with a complex spatial shape.

If you do not yet have a ready-made project, our specialists will develop it for you, and the order will be completed based on it.

Production Features

Our company has its own laboratory, which examines the raw materials used in the production process. The materials are supplied to us by reliable partners proven over years of cooperation.

Thanks to the wide range of mixtures used, it becomes possible to produce the most unusual elements with different textures, including those imitating natural stone. This technology helps reduce the total weight of the finished structure and makes it more resistant to the adverse effects of external factors.

Sometimes customers emphasize Special attention on any specific requirements for the performance properties of the final product. This could be, for example, increased water resistance or frost resistance of parts.

Installation of non-standard concrete products is a process that requires scrupulous calculations, which are indicated in the technical specifications. tasks. These calculations make it possible to ultimately quickly and accurately install the structure without additional adjustments and adjustments.

Reinforced concrete transom

The crossbar is an important part reinforced concrete structure, since this element serves as the basis for floors in multi-story buildings. It is a reinforced product that connects load-bearing walls vertically. And that's where the slabs are placed. The crossbar is made from concrete belonging to the class B22.5-B60. In addition to concrete, high-strength reinforcement is used and tying wire for greater reliability.

What requirements must the crossbar meet? There are several of them:

• Be frost resistant.
• Be resistant to aggressive chemicals.
• Have high anti-corrosion performance.
• Possess qualities such as water resistance and fire resistance.

The output products must be rigid, durable and well-resistant to mechanical stress, that is, not prone to cracking. According to the standards, the reinforcement connecting the crossbars to the columns does not exceed 3 meters.

Today there are three types of crossbars: single-shelf, double-shelf and shelfless.

The first type is used to support the plates on one side only. These can be building spans located at the edges, or stairwells.

The second type is designed to support the middle floors on both sides.

Crossbars of the third type have a rectangular, even cross-section and are used to support special ceilings.

The scope of application of crossbars in construction is quite wide:

• With their help, structures are created that have a collective constructive layout. Such buildings suggest the presence of long corridors of rather large width and with high ceilings.
• Modular buildings also need the presence of crossbars.
• When erecting fences or creating connecting structures for windows, crossbars are used.
• Products are used in the process of construction of power lines.

TO interesting facts we can attribute the moment that for especially tall buildings or structures with large dimensions, crossbars are usually used, the length of which is as much as 12 meters.

What is considered the main feature of crossbars? This, of course, is the stable bearing of loads of varying degrees, and in any of the directions. Sometimes crossbars are used instead of simple beams when building attics are being built. In this case, you need products in which the shelf has a T-shaped section.

Manufacturing process

First, the formwork is installed. For this, a metal frame with wooden walls is used. The two extreme rows are covered with boards located perpendicular to each other. The result of these actions should be a flat plane.

A reinforced grating is connected on the ground, which is installed directly on the frame. The lower reinforcement should not dock on a third of the crossbar, and the upper one - on its first quarter. It is in these places that the tensile loads are the strongest.

Welding joints must be checked using special apparatus to the light. Further, sidewalls with a clear geometry are mounted to the formwork, stiffeners are installed. After this, the crossbar must be concreted.

On the third day after dismantling the formwork, the side panels are removed: everything else - no earlier than 28 days. When a month has passed, it is worth inviting specialists who could evaluate the quality of the resulting product.

Many mistakes in construction can be avoided if you know and understand what a crossbar is and how it should be used. And, of course, do not confuse this concept with the concept of a beam.

Installation of the crossbar

Reinforced concrete floor beams

Reinforced concrete beam products are widely used in the construction industry. They are used when performing work related to creating a foundation, installing slabs, constructing buildings and structures for a wide variety of purposes, etc. Precast concrete products help to correctly distribute the load between load-bearing structures and the floor.

Reinforced concrete products are characterized by durability, resistance to various types of impacts, and strength. But we should not forget that they are by no means light in weight, and, despite the relative ease of installation, it requires special equipment.

Primary requirements

In order for modern structures being built to be truly reliable, reinforced concrete beams are subject to many fairly stringent requirements. The main ones are the following:

• If we are talking about attic floors, then the rigidity parameter should have a ratio of 1:200. If we mean interfloor ceilings, then the ratio should be 1:250.
• Each type of building has its own strength value of reinforced concrete beams. Located between floors or on ground floors they are required to withstand a load of 210 kg per 1 sq.m. When located in attics or in residential premises, reinforced concrete beams must withstand a pressure of 105 kg per 1 sq.m.
• The regulatory documentation must specify the requirements related to the required level of heat and sound insulation of reinforced concrete products.
• Sometimes there is a need for additional cladding of the beam.

Types of reinforced concrete floors

Precast concrete beams are divided into types depending on the classification option, and there are three such options: by production method, by type of construction and by scope of application.

So, according to the method of manufacturing reinforced concrete floors, there are:

• Concrete beams that are produced directly on the construction site. This type is used to support monolithic structures.
• Prefabricated concrete beams produced in industrial conditions. They have either a rectangular or T-section.
• “Mixed” type, in other words, a monolithic prefabricated structure, partly manufactured in production, and partly on a construction site.

Based on the design moment, reinforced concrete beams are divided into:

• To ordinary ones.
• On gable lattice.
• For reinforced concrete sheds.
• On the rafters. This type has rail fastenings located in parallel: they fix the equipment itself.

By scope of application it is customary to distinguish:

• Lattice.
• Crane
• I-beams.
• Rafters.
• Strapping.
• Fundamental.

Lattice-type products are needed in order to build overpasses of various sections. Crane-type elements are used to create balance in the operation of cranes. When creating large-panel structures and industrial buildings, I-beam structures are used.

And the roofs of buildings not higher than one floor are reinforced with rafter beams. The strapping type of reinforced concrete beams helps to build lintels in the openings that are formed between the walls. Foundation speak for themselves: needed during construction strip foundation solid type.

Based on existing standards and presented classifications, all prefabricated concrete structures have their own markings:

• BP - rafter structures.
• BSP - truss beams with parallel belts.
• BSD - gable rafters.
• BSO - single-pitched truss products.

Numbers are usually added to abbreviations in markings. The three necessary parameters that must be carefully calculated are the length, height and width of the beam.

Manufacturing process

Sometimes there are situations when it is better to use structures that are not industrially produced, but made independently. What is needed for this?

First, a detailed and thorough calculation is required, on the basis of which a drawing of the future product will be created. The manufacturing algorithm itself is as follows:

• Formwork is formed from plywood or wooden boards. The thickness of the material used should be in the range of 25 – 40 mm for boards and 10 – 20 mm for plywood. What is the size of the created formwork, so will be the dimensions of the resulting product. To waterproof the coating, the inside of the form must be pasted over with a film.
• The next stage is reinforcement. It is made using metal rods in the amount of 4 pieces, having a T-type section of 12 - 14 mm. If steel rods are mated, it is better to overlap and secure the joint with wire. The overlap must be at least 80 cm. To prevent the metal from rusting, a concrete layer above the reinforcement is recommended at least 50 mm. Special supports made of plastic help a clearer calculation.
• Concrete in the resulting form should be poured without interruption. After pouring is completed, the mold is also covered with waterproof material. If a reinforced concrete beam is prepared in conditions of high air temperature, then the poured concrete must be watered once a day.

The product is considered ready not earlier than in 2 weeks. According to this principle, beams for floors of any type can be made.

Installation and installation technology of foundation beams

How is a transom different from a beam?

Some people think that a beam and a transom are the same thing, but this is not so. So what's the difference?

It is an element of a building structure, and its main purpose can be considered bending work. It can be made from either wood or metal. Replacing a crossbar with a beam is a gross violation and is therefore strictly prohibited.

The beam is an independent element, and its dimensions are mandatory are carefully calculated and reflected in project documentation. In the case of a crossbar, entering its dimensions into regulations is not necessary.

As for the main purposes of the beam and crossbar, they are as follows:

• The crossbar has supporting functions and is always installed horizontally. The beam works exclusively in bending.
• During the construction of the support frame, the crossbar is directly connected to the racks. The beam is independent.
• The crossbar can be made from different materials, in particular, from reinforced concrete. The beam is made either from metal or from wood.
• Rigel is the basis of any structure. The beam is the basis of the frame.

All crossbars have a certain marking: RLP 4.26-60. How to understand this? It's simple:

• RL stands for stair crossbar.
• The letter P explains that the floor slabs are polygonal.
• If the slabs used for floors are ribbed, then the letter P is used.
• The number 4 is the height of one side (45 cm).
• The number 26 is the circumference of the product (in dm).
• The number 60 is a feature of the supporting structure.

Reinforced concrete columns

Most people most often associate the word “column” with a majestic architectural decorative element that came to us from antiquity. But in modern world there are also reinforced concrete parts that have this name. Their purpose is not decorative, but practical: they strengthen the frame of the structure.

With the help of reinforced concrete columns, arches, crossbars, beams, etc. are strengthened. Prefabricated columns are made from concrete grades such as 300 and 200, that is, heavy ones. Fittings are also used special.

Such products are used in the construction of structures and buildings of various purposes and sizes.

Reinforced concrete columns must meet the following specifications:

• Have a high level of resistance to external influences.
• Impeccably meet the requirements for all load-bearing structures.
• Be stable in case of seismic imbalance.
• Be moisture resistant.
• Be frost resistant.

When one or another type of reinforced concrete columns is selected for construction, this must be done taking into account such points as:

• Availability of complete information obtained during genealogical research of the object.
• The climatic situation in which this object will be located.
• Floors of the proposed building.
• Purpose of the building under construction.

The bearing function of reinforced concrete columns is the main one. The structures that have the highest performance in this regard are used either in basements or on the lowest floors of buildings.

When the structure has more than one floor, supporting elements are used that have two cantilevered convexities. They are located at a height of 3 meters. This allows you to mark where the floor ends and you can begin to install the next level of the building. If it is necessary to mount supports in industrial buildings or simply one-story buildings, higher reinforced concrete columns that do not have convexities are used.

As for the regulatory documentation, it very strictly regulates the requirements that are imposed on reinforced concrete columns. And these requirements include not only aspects related to the installation of products, but also the technology and standards of their manufacture. All technical characteristics must be observed, and what they are is specified in special Series and relevant GOSTs.

Production material

What a reinforced concrete product, called a column, will be like directly depends on the concrete used. Typically, grades such as 300, 400 and 600 are used. Reinforcement also falls into the category of carefully selected column components and can be either stressed or unstressed. The frame inside the product is made of rigid wire, which provides additional strength and reliability of the structure.

Types of columns

These products are accepted

divided into certain types depending on the classification used. This can be classified according to structure, the presence of consoles, type of sections, production technology, location of the support.

So, the columns are:

• Solid and lattice. The first category has a constant section in height, and the second one has a variable one.
• With and without consoles. Those products that have consoles can be two-branched and have a rectangular shape.
• With square, rectangular and round section.
• Monolithic and prefabricated. The former are made directly on the construction site, while the latter are produced in industrial conditions.
• Located on the edge, in the middle or on the facade of the building.

How to do the calculations correctly

When is formed construction project, it is necessary to carry out very scrupulous calculations. This applies to every element, so reinforced concrete columns are no exception.

Let's find out what the experts advise. If we talk about brands of concrete mixtures, then according to their recommendations it is best to use grade B30 for buildings with a small number of floors, and in other cases use from 15 to 25.

It is very important to correctly calculate the cross-sectional area of ​​a reinforced concrete beam. There is a special formula for this, where the compression force (F) is divided by the strength of the concrete itself under this compression (Rb).

After finding the desired indicator, you need to find out all the other parameters. Due to the certain complexity of calculations, errors are often made. That is why, to carry out such a procedure, it is more advisable to use special devices designed for such cases. But special equipment is not mandatory.

Please note that when making calculations, not only the strength of the product is important, but also whether it is connected, for example, to the floor slabs or to the base of the building. In this regard, experts recommend increasing the cross-section for greater strength of reinforced concrete columns.

How to install correctly

If the building has a small number of storeys, then the beams are installed there entirely, that is, as a single monolith. If the column is of considerable length, it is delivered to the construction site in parts and assembled directly there. The installation itself takes place differently depending on various factors: it can be installation on a special column or in a foundation glass.

How are the columns installed? If we are talking about the basement version, then the initial marking is carried out. When installing supports from the bottom of the beams, marking their axes is done from the side of the traverses. If the columns are very long, then special clamps are used.

Products are mounted suspended, and special frame fasteners are used to grip the beams. A support is installed directly into the base glass using a crane, taking into account all the markings made in advance. To control that the support is absolutely vertical - and this is very important - theodolites are used. The installation process is completed by pouring concrete mortar into the cavities. But before this, the beams are additionally secured with wedges made of reinforced concrete or metal.

Video about the correct installation of columns in accordance with current GOST:

In the case of installing columns on column supports, everything happens approximately the same as when installing plinths in glasses, with only one difference: the connection is fastened by welding. Following SNiPs at all stages of installation of reinforced concrete columns is strictly necessary.

If reinforced concrete beams have a square cross-section, then each support is mounted separately from the others. If the supports have crossbars, they can be enlarged and installed using a crane. The lower beams are carefully secured, and the subsequent ones are placed on top of each other: either directly at the ends, or on the crossbars of the products.

There are quite a few types of installation of reinforced concrete columns:

• The already mentioned installation option on the ends of beams. The correctness of the process is checked using the layout axes.
• Installation at the ends using temporary fastening, and inspection is carried out by a group conductor.
• Installation of columns according to the marked marks, when the position is checked using a plumb line, and the joints are secured by welding. This method is usually used when beams are installed on column supports, and not, say, in base glasses.

There are actually more installation options, and we have only introduced you to some of them. It all depends on the specific case, the building under construction, its purpose and many other factors.

Choosing: how not to make a mistake

When looking for reinforced concrete columns, you need to be very careful in this selection process before purchasing them. Disadvantages, which, of course, may be present in the highest quality product, should be kept to a minimum. Careful collection of the following information will help you avoid mistakes and find truly reliable products:

• Technical drawing of the required beam.
• Accurate knowledge of the height of the building under construction and the number of floors in it.
• What type of reinforced concrete supports is needed.
• The exact volume of the cross section of the product.
• Where is located construction site with the work being carried out.

With the right approach, that is, finding out the maximum amount of important data, you can find the manufacturer and supplier who will meet all the above

We provide delivery to any region of the Russian Federation. We fulfill our delivery obligations regardless of the size of the shipment and the number of commodity items, the destination and the state of the transport network in the addressee’s region.

Prom ZhBI sends tens of tons of reinforced concrete products every day to different parts of the country. Our regular customers are large contractors from Kaliningrad and Vladivostok, Arkhangelsk and Belgorod, Nizhny Novgorod and Astrakhan. The constancy of orders that construction companies and operating organizations make at Prom-ZhBI is due to:

• our compliance with delivery conditions (deadlines, nomenclature and quantity of concrete products)
• efficiency in order processing
• compliance with the rules for transporting reinforced concrete products
• vast experience in organizing the transportation of reinforced concrete products, which allows you to avoid force majeure on the way
• well-functioning logistics system (we choose the most convenient and inexpensive delivery options)

With us you will always receive your ordered materials on time. We organize delivery of any goods manufactured in our production.

The low price for the entire range of products manufactured by the company is complemented by affordable delivery costs. At the same time, the Prom-ZhBI company takes upon itself all organizational efforts. We control:

• order completion and shipment
• route and travel time
• delivery time to the destination and order completeness at the unloading point

Regardless of the region in which you are located, delivery is organized as quickly as possible: no matter where you expect the cargo, it will arrive to you on time and without any effort on your part.

Prices for our products

Reliability of cooperation

In our world of concrete and glass, it is becoming more and more difficult every day to find a reliable supplier of quality reinforced concrete products. Therefore, developers have to hire specialists who will only search for suppliers. Our company will put an end to your waste of money on salaries for such personnel. By cooperating with us, you will always be provided with building materials of the best quality.

Another “pitfall” that awaits those who are planning to engage in construction is to find a manufacturer from whom you can place an order for reinforced concrete products according to the customer’s drawings. Many companies refuse such work because they do not have the necessary equipment. But, even if you are lucky enough to find a company that will take on the order, it is far from a fact that you will get what you need. Such production costs a lot and many, in an attempt to reduce the cost of production, violate technology. This action entails a wide variety of consequences: from reducing the strength of the product and, right up to changing the originally conceived design. As a result, buildings begin to crumble or various building blocks do not fit together. The developer’s customers blame him and, accordingly, bill him as well.

We make reinforced concrete products according to customer drawings for any purpose. Our main credo is quality products. We do not have the goal of saving on every product, filling our own pockets with saved money. As a result, it turns out that you can safely leave your order with reinforced concrete drawings with us and be sure that in a short time you will really get what you need. If you need reinforced concrete products according to customer drawings, it is best to contact us.

Prices for our products

Our price policy- one of the most profitable in the region. The main thing for us is not to “squeeze” the maximum out of each order. The main goal is to create reliable partnership business relationships with the maximum number of customers. And one of the best tools For this we offer the best quality at low prices.

Another factor that allows us to set low prices for concrete products according to customer drawings is a wide customer base. That is, we can already afford a bargain price, leveling it out with huge supplies.

Reliability of cooperation

Our next feature that sets us apart from a huge number of competitors is that we are not a fly-by-night company. By placing an order for reinforced concrete products according to the drawings, you can be completely sure that you are guaranteed to receive the ordered products within the agreed time. Forget about how the precast concrete companies you placed your order with collapsed. Now there will be no missed deadlines, which almost lead to the collapse of your construction company.

Customer confidence in receiving an order is another unshakable postulate that is sacredly honored by our employees. Each of our employees is directly interested in ensuring that deadlines are met with an accuracy of one day. Having stimulated workers to fulfill this condition, we not only calmly accept any orders. Meeting the deadlines for delivery of orders also provided us with considerable trust from many large construction companies throughout the region.

Word of mouth and positive reviews

Why do we so boldly declare that we are the best? The point is that these are not our words. A considerable number of new clients have already come to us after we were recommended to them by their colleagues and friends. People have already come to us several times with recommendations: “They have the best custom-made non-standard concrete products.”

But popularity comes from good business relationships. And we simply work according to our conscience. This has already made a good name for us and brought in a whole lot of clients.

The most modern equipment

Our workshops are equipped with only the most advanced equipment, which is constantly maintained in perfect working order. Such measures make it possible to almost completely eliminate downtime in production.

Also, thanks to advanced equipment, we can use a wide variety of materials to create our own products. If you need a reinforced structure, then we can supplement it with another iron frame. If, however, the part should not be so fragile, then non-standard components will be used in the creation. Or, perhaps, you need parts of less strength, but with a lower cost? We can do this too. The only thing that is required from you is to indicate this fact in the features and notes to the order.

Highly professional staff

Another plus in our treasury of advantages over other manufacturers is the professionals working at the plant. All employees periodically undergo advanced training courses. And these are not ordinary meetings where people are simply told the basics of their profession. Regular courses with a mandatory practical component - that's what our courses are.