Family budget

Family economy

The word "economics" comes from ancient Greek, which translates as "the art of housekeeping." The fact is that initially economics was a family matter, regulating the income and expenses of an individual family. Subsequently, this term began to be used to refer to a broader scope of activity.

What is it made up of? family budget and what is it spent on?

Budget is an important component of well-being in family life. It is he who dictates the family’s lifestyle and determines the possibility of certain expenses. The family budget provides for certain income and expenses. The family economy provides for a competent balance of income and expenses.

When getting married, people already know in advance what the income item in their family budget will consist of. As a rule, these are two salaries - the husband's and the wife's; or one salary and stipend; or two scholarships; or two scholarships or two salaries and extra work for one or both spouses; or, finally, scholarships and subsidies from parents.

Income is determined to some extent by the specialty that the spouses have received or will receive. The more promising the profession, the more earnings will go into the income line of the family budget, and the more life benefits the family will be able to acquire.

The ability of the owner and mistress of the house to manage the household is important for the economic well-being of the family. After all, by doing certain household chores on their own, spouses save money that can be spent on something else, for example, on regular trips to the theater or cinema. You can save significant money if you learn to sew, knit, or repair your apartment or household appliances yourself.

Only a reasonable approach to the formation of needs will allow you to refuse to purchase one or another that is not so necessary in this moment things.. Reasonable formation of needs presupposes having a clear idea of ​​why this or that thing is needed. In addition, you need to know the real family budget and take into account the available funds.

In other words, when forming needs, it is necessary to proceed from family income and compare the budget expenditure item with the income item. Spending on so-called minor expenses deserves special mention. These funds are sometimes used up so quickly that it is very difficult to remember where a small sum of money was spent.

Economists were able to calculate that if each member of a family of three people thoughtlessly spends 10 rubles every day, enough will be spent in a year large sum, which would be enough not only to buy an expensive men's or women's suit, but also household appliances, and even to purchase some kind of tourist voucher.

Thus, the famous saying “A penny saves a ruble” is once again confirmed. However, this does not mean that you should become a stingy person, saving on every little thing. You just need to learn to deny yourself temptations and control your spending. After all, if family money is managed by a person who has no sense of proportion, this can turn into a real tragedy for all family members. Ill-conceived economic transactions undertaken by such a person often provoke the emergence of material crises in the family.

Accounting and planning

The key to success in managing the family budget is following the four basic laws of family economics - accounting, planning, organization and control.

Accounting- this is the first thing you need to master when you take control of the family ship. The economic law provides for the maintenance of income and expenditure documentation in which all income and expenses of the family are recorded. This is usually a thick notebook in which each page has columns for the date, description of the transaction, debit and credit. You can keep separate notebooks for each type budget expenditures(house, public utilities and etc.). Of course, at present, few people make such records, however, thanks to such accounting, it is possible to present a clear picture of the family’s income and expenses for the current and several past years.

Planning requires a clear understanding of what things, items and services should be purchased and in what order, what is needed first, and what can be purchased and waited.

When planning a family budget, you need to choose priority shopping, which will require dividing all things into categories. The first includes things that are mandatory, the second includes things that are desirable, and the third includes things that are expensive (optional).

Main items of family budget expenses

All expenses of the family budget can be divided into major and minor.

TO priority include rent, utility and telephone fees, and food costs.

Rent and utility bills require significant Money. If young spouses live in their parents’ home, they may not feel this, especially since parents do their best to protect their children from material problems. However, even a small contribution to this expense item will allow the young family to gain some confidence in their importance and prepare them for further independent life.

In the event that a family lives separately in its own apartment or rents housing, the costs of rent and utilities will be very serious and will constitute a significant item in the family budget. You will need to take a more serious attitude towards the amount of money you earn and how you spend it.

The same can be said about phone charges. And although this is not the biggest article family expenses, nevertheless, it also requires reasonable approach.

Nutrition- the second, and main, expenditure item of the family budget. As a rule, from 35 to 50% of total family income is spent on food. It all depends on the gastronomic preferences and each specific family. Some, for example, are accustomed to eating in large quantities, others give preference to expensive delicacies, others cannot do without sweets, and also depends on the degree of skill of the housewife.

Appearance care items are a special expense item. A person becomes so accustomed to these pleasant everyday little things that he becomes unable to refuse to purchase them.

Expenses for cultural performance leisure activities provide the opportunity to save money for visiting the theater, cinema, museum, as well as for the purchase of books, audio and video recordings, CDs, etc.

Another item of family budget expenditure can be called “miscellaneous”. This includes the cost of buying gifts for family and friends, medicines, stationery, as well as for sending telegrams, purchasing newspapers and magazines, envelopes for letters. Here you can also include amounts for small, or, as they are also called, pocket expenses.

In addition, large, infrequent purchases - the purchase of household appliances, clothing, as well as vacation costs - constitute an important expense item for the family budget. You should think about such expenses in advance and set aside a certain amount each month for the purchase of one or another life benefit.

A good helper when planning a family budget will be a formula that takes into account all income and expenses.

In this formula, the budget revenue item is denoted by the letter “D”. This includes, first of all, the amounts of constants ( wage), as well as expected additional income (earnings, funds from the sale of any property, etc.).

Mandatory expenses (rent and utilities, transportation, purchase of hygiene products) appear under the letter “P”. If necessary, you can use additional designations indicating specific expenses - Pk (rental fees), Pg (expenses for hygiene supplies), Pt (transportation expenses), etc.

Food is a special expense item, denoted by the letter “C”. You can also enter additional designations for specific expenses: SD - food costs, Wed - lunch in a restaurant, Set - food in the canteen, etc.

Expenses for wardrobe items (clothes and shoes) are denoted by the letter “O”. For specification, additional icons are used: Ozh - women's clothing, Om - men's clothing, Od - children's clothing.

To indicate other expenses, various letters of the Russian alphabet are borrowed, the main thing is to remember what expenses were meant.

Reserve, or emergency reserve, which is necessary for accumulation sum of money, intended for making a large purchase, is designated by the letter “P”.

The result is a fairly simple formula:

D = P (Pk + Pt + Pg) + S (Sd + Set + Wed) + O (Ozh + Ohm + Od) + R...

It is very easy to use this formula: instead of letters, numbers are substituted, while on the right (expenses) side the amounts of all desired purchases are indicated. It is not surprising that with this approach, expenditures can significantly exceed revenues.

Then, using the method of elimination, not forgetting about the priority areas of purchases, only those acquisitions that can actually fit into the amount of income are left in the formula.

Ideally, the right and left sides of the formula for accounting for income and expenses should be equal. This is evidence of a reasonable approach to family budget planning.

Thanks to such calculations, you can plan the most important financial operations. And no matter how modest the investment may be, with the help of planning it is still possible to slightly increase the family’s wealth and create the so-called NZ (emergency reserve), or reserve, from which, if necessary, you can take a certain amount of money.

This reserve will also allow you to close the gap in the budget when purchasing some not so necessary item that you really wanted to buy.

Family economics The work was completed by a student of class 8A Kristina Grigorieva

Family Economy In many families, the main reason for the lack of funds is not the low income of its members, but simply the inability to properly manage the family budget. Family economics is an important matter that helps a family plan their income and expenses. Family economics is a form of budget that includes the process of education and expenditure of funds for all family members. There are several reasons that prove that every woman should be able to manage a family budget correctly.

Firstly, you will be able to stabilize the financial situation in the family. This will allow you to purchase everything you need for yourself and your family. Secondly, you will finally be able to calculate exact amount your expenses. Understand where the most money is spent. You will be able to control their consumption and income. Thirdly, you will be able to eliminate all unnecessary expenses. According to statistics, this is approximately 20% of family income. Family economics will allow you to save on one thing in order to eventually spend on something else, perhaps more useful. And, in addition, the family economy will develop in you the habit of taking care of money and taking into account all the needs and desires of each family member.

The role of the family The family not only gives new members to society, but, very importantly, educates them and makes them suitable for life in this society. The family in the state plays a stabilizing and regulating role, and also performs functions related to meeting needs and accumulating resources.

Family functions Housekeeping, which can be considered as private production, including household services for family members, personal farming, etc. Accumulation of family property and ensuring its inheritance. Financial activities, which allows you to correctly calculate and use the family budget: the movement of money from its receipt to its expenditure on goods (services) and accumulation.

Participation of family members in social production, creating material and spiritual values. Preparing children for work in home and public production, economic education, orientation towards a future profession

My family My family will consist of a husband and two children.

Residence My family and I would live in a two-room apartment. While the children are small, they can sleep in the same room, and my husband and I are in the living room. After some time, when finances allow, we will move to three-room apartment. Two-roomed flat Three bedroom apartment

My family income My salary Maternal capital(temporary income) Husband's salary

Expenses (per month) Permanent Purchase of clothes Car repairs Purchase of toys for children Vacations outside the home Entertainment activities Purchase of cosmetics Purchase of medicines Apartment repairs Periodic One-time Purchase of food Purchase of food for pets Payment of travel to public transport Buying gasoline Paying for utilities Paying for kindergarten Topping up your phone balance Paying for the Internet Paying for a children's club

Classification of purchases based on the rational needs of my family Urgent: food, medicine, hygiene products, gasoline, animal food. Required: clothes and shoes. Desirable, but optional: decor for the apartment, books. Prestigious: car, telephone, expensive accessories, branded clothing, expensive food.

Menu for the whole family for the whole day; breakfast - oatmeal, tea; snack - fruit; lunch – borscht with sour cream, mashed potatoes with cutlet; afternoon snack – cottage cheese casserole, tea with lemon; dinner – pilaf, light salad.

Conclusion I learned in more detail what a family economy is, what the role of the family is and what its functions are. I tried myself in the role of a family member, calculated income and expenses, classified possible purchases, and compiled a menu for the whole day for my family. I hope that thanks to the knowledge I have acquired, it will be easier for me to cope with the family economy in the future.

Literature used: http://www.ulanude.strana-krasoty.ru/otdyx/297-semejnaya-ekonomika.html https://yandex.ru/images/?clid=2236986&win=226 Textbook on technology for grade 8

In some countries, attempts have been made to liquidate farms individual families and uniting them into one communal farm, where everyone will work equally and share equally everything produced. What do you think the positive and negative consequences similar transformations?

Family property and income

We know that without a person the economy is impossible - it appeared along with a person to satisfy his needs. At the same time, the economy itself, as it develops, influences the life of society as a whole, the formation of each individual, and the activities of human groups, the most important of which is the family.

Every family has its own farm. Its elements are property and money. Family members earn money, perform household duties, organize their meals, rest, replenish and renew their property.

Family property is an apartment, a house, a dacha, a household plot, garden plot, car, furniture, clothing, household appliances, etc.

The well-being of a family is influenced by the professional skills, time and energy that household members have to provide themselves and their relatives with a means of subsistence and perform household work.

For the family, the knowledge of household members about the technology of performing individual household tasks and the opportunities to replenish this knowledge are important. For example, to cook food, you need to remember recipes or have a cookbook at hand.

Conduct research on the topic “How Internet resources help in housekeeping.”

Family income is all the money received by its members from various sources. The most important sources of income for most families are the wages of its members and social payments state, i.e. scholarships, benefits, pensions.

For families leading farming or owning a business (for example, a restaurant), the main source of income may be a part of the profit of the enterprise.

For many people, personal subsidiary farming is a source of support, where food products, such as vegetables and fruits, are produced. This allows you to reduce your family’s food expenses, and when selling the surplus, you can get additional income.

Farmer family

In many countries there is a layer of people called rentiers. They do not work anywhere permanently, but live comfortably on interest from bank deposits, sometimes made by their ancestors. And someone can receive funds by renting an apartment or house that the family does not use.

Family income can be fixed or variable.

Members of families with a fixed income receive established payments that do not depend on the quality of work: cash salaries, scholarships, pensions. And the wealth of families with variable income may increase or decrease depending on changes in the quantity and quality of work of family members, success commercial activities your enterprise, as well as a bank or company in which the family’s savings are invested, etc.

How are income, needs and work activity family members? Most families live in conditions of limited income, which do not allow them to meet the ever-growing needs of their households. It may be natural in this situation to increase work activity, i.e., search for opportunities for additional income, or refuse to satisfy some needs.

The family must correlate its income and needs, ranking them in order of importance.

Unfortunately, in modern Russia many families live in poverty. It's not surprising that teenagers want to help their parents by earning extra money. In turn, there are companies offering them this opportunity.

In accordance with Labor Code From the age of 14, with the consent of one of the parents, a teenager can, in his free time from school, work under a contract, performing light work. At the same time, the duration of a work shift for a 14-16 year old teenager combining work with study should not exceed 2.5 hours, for a 16-18 year old - 3.5 hours a day. Night work is prohibited. Work under a contract for teenagers under 14 years of age with the consent of one of the parents is allowed only in the field of art (for example, cinema, theater, circus).

Additional work for a teenager should not threaten his health or interfere with his studies at school.

What is a family budget

In television news releases and newspaper headlines, you have probably come across the word “budget” (from the English budget - money bag, wallet). Once upon a time in England, the budget was the bag in which the Minister of Finance carried money and his reports. Over time, the word “budget” began to be used to describe the report of the Minister of Finance to Parliament.

Let's consider modern meaning this word. A family budget is a pre-compiled list of future income (salaries, pensions, scholarships, etc.) and expenses (paying for an apartment, buying food, clothing, etc.) of the family for a certain period of time.

A budget is also called the amount of income and expenses calculated for some time - usually for a month, quarter (3 months) or year. Thus, these are funds that can be spent over a certain period of time. Of course, not only families have a budget; every enterprise, every state has one.

Your budget consists of pocket money given by your parents for a week or a month. You can spend it on the first day, and then bitterly regret that you were not able to go to the movies with friends, buy a beautiful pen, hairpin or computer game. Drawing up a personal budget, i.e., correlating expected income and expenses, can help solve this problem.

Try to imagine what would happen if a family did not take care of its budget.

What is the money spent on?

All family expenses can be divided into two groups: mandatory and discretionary.

Mandatory expenses include food, clothing, housing and utilities (electricity, gas, heating, water supply), transportation, and medicines.

Voluntary expenses are associated with an increased quantity and quality of all of the above, as well as with the purchase of goods and services that facilitate housekeeping, caring for oneself and pets, with the organization of leisure and recreation, with collecting, and the purchase of luxury goods.

For example, expenses on bread and milk are mandatory, but on exotic fruits - arbitrary, on telephone communication(if there is a telephone at home) - mandatory, and for services cellular communication and the Internet - arbitrary. Expenses for travel, purchasing a personal car or jewelry are optional.

“He who saves money lives without need” - this Russian proverb fully applies to family resources. The capabilities of each individual and the family as a whole are limited. Not only income is limited, but also the physical, intellectual, material capabilities, and free time of household members.

The main direction of rational housekeeping is strict accounting of income, economical spending of funds in order to achieve the best results at the lowest cost. This goal can be achieved by acting in two directions: organizing the household through the joint efforts of the family so that everyone does feasible work, saving the time and effort of others; wisely saving money, family property and expanding knowledge about farming methods. It is especially difficult to act in the first direction.

It would be wrong to treat household chores in the family as a heavy duty, because this is the care of family members for each other, and a form of expression of mutual love and affection, and a way to spend more time together. Mutual assistance and complete dedication of everyone unites the family and preserves the strength and means for joint leisure (sports, travel, trips to the theater and cinema, excursions, etc.).

Compare what types of housework you could do and what you actually do. Is there a difference?

Let's check ourselves

1. What does the family's property consist of? 2. What does a family’s income consist of? 3. What meanings of the concept of “budget” did you learn about? 4. Why does a family (person, enterprise, state) need a budget?

In the classroom and at home

1. Find out your family's main sources of income. Is this income fixed or variable and why?
2. Which group of expenses includes the costs of purchasing books, visiting cinemas, exhibitions, and swimming in the pool? Explain your answer.
3. Remember and write down your expenses for the last week (month). Which ones were urgent, which ones could be postponed, and which ones were completely unnecessary? Correlate expenses among these three groups and think about whether you are planning your budget rationally.
4. In Russia, traditionally the head of the house was considered to be the man (the eldest man in the house), and the rest of the household was expected to obey his will. Think about why this custom was established. Is this principle applicable to the organization of everyday life? modern family? Explain your answer.
5. One married couple kept a book of family disagreements for 40 years. 9,192 quarrels were registered, of which 1,879 occurred due to the husband’s dissatisfaction with the quality of the food prepared by his wife, 1,450 due to his own complaints about the wife’s spending of the family budget, 981 due to the wife’s resentment of her husband for violating the cleanliness of the apartment. What can you say about the distribution of responsibilities in this family? Think about how you could reduce the number of quarrels.
6. Is it possible to single out exclusively “male” and “female” spheres in running a family household? Explain your answer.
7. Remember the fairy tale about Cinderella, whose evil stepmother forced her to work tirelessly around the house. Think about who the stepmother caused more harm - Cinderella or her daughters. Explain your answer. Read brief characteristics households of famous characters in the works of N.V. Gogol. How rationally was the farm run? Could you suggest any improvements? Explain your conclusions.
   1. “Pulcheria Ivanovna’s housekeeping consisted of constantly unlocking and locking the pantry, salting, drying and boiling countless fruits and plants. Her house looked exactly like a chemical laboratory." B. “Chichikov went into the room to get dressed and wash. When he went out into the dining room after that, there was already a tea set on the table... There were traces of yesterday's lunch and dinner in the room; It seems that the floor brush was not touched at all. There were bread crumbs on the floor, and tobacco ash was visible even on the tablecloth.”
   2. “This landowner had more than a thousand souls, and anyone would try to find so much bread from another... whose storerooms, barns and drying rooms were cluttered with so many linens, cloth, sheepskins... dried fish and all sorts of vegetables... there was a supply of all kinds of wood and utensils... Not content with this, he walked every day along the streets of his village... and everything that he came across... he dragged to himself.”

Workshop

1. Prepare and conduct a “21st Century Product” poster competition in your classroom. Give justification for the economic and consumer advantages of the selected product.
2. Prepare a report on the topic “Use of information technology in school.” Find out about the possibilities of using Internet resources in education. How information Technology help students in learning, teachers in developing and implementing curriculum, administration in improving the organization of the educational institution?
3. Together with your classmates, develop a “Buyer’s Memo” that includes tips on how to behave rationally when purchasing a product. It may contain the following sections: “How to buy a product”, “How to save money”, “Rights and responsibilities of the consumer”, etc. In an oral presentation, justify the developed recommendations.
4. Visit various trade organizations in your area: market, grocery store, large supermarket. Find out the prices for the goods your family most often purchases: milk, bread, potatoes. Compare the data obtained. Explain why prices for the same goods are different. Draw conclusions about what affects the price of a particular product.
5. Researchers of Russian entrepreneurship identify the main motives for participation in this activity: gaining autonomy and independence, realizing professional abilities, achieving material success, usefulness of the work performed and authority in the eyes of others.
   Conduct a survey among your peers: what can attract young people in business today? What are the main motives for participating in entrepreneurship? What prevents you from choosing this activity? Do schoolchildren today need to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary for independent, proactive activities? Where and how can you start preparing for it?

What does family life consist of? Of course, the traditional answer to this question will be the answer about the relationship between spouses, between parents and children, between elderly relatives and the younger generation. The basis of family life is relationships.

However, relationships that include everyday issues are impossible without the economic component of any family.

Any family needs to exist on something, satisfy the needs of the family, run a household, and form a family budget. That is, to manage your own home economy.

Today I will tell you what home economics is and its tasks. In my opinion, this article, first of all, will be of interest to schoolchildren who are just starting to learn the basics of financial literacy.

Definition of Home Economics

I'll start with the classic definition of home economics.

Home economics is the science of ordinary, everyday economic life family aimed at meeting the needs of all family members, financial relations With environment, consumption of goods and services.

Home economics also includes the ability to deal with the needs of the family, the ability to choose the optimal and effective means and ways to satisfy family needs, reasonable organization of family work and distribution of funds received by the family, reasonable management of the family budget.

Main tasks of home economics

1. The most complete satisfaction of the needs of all family members, including the needs for food and clothing, education, development, entertainment
2. Rational use of family resources, including rational use of what the family receives cash income, time, family time
3. Planning the funds the family has and planning family time
4. Application of economic calculation and scientific progress, from the use of new household appliances to modern gadgets that allow you to plan a family budget, and tools that allow you to invest family funds in income-generating instruments (for example, deposits, securities)

If we talk in simple language, then the home economy is everything that makes up our economic life component. That is, for example, in order for the family to eat well, parents must work and receive wages.

In order for the money earned by parents to be enough until the next salary, it is necessary to plan and distribute the income received.

In order for a family to make large purchases, for example, buy new furniture for the children's room, or purchase a new TV, or a new modern computer, it is necessary to be able to save and set aside a certain amount of money for a future purchase.

The concept and structure of the family economy.

Family economy is a specific area of ​​study and research because it is purely economic relations closely intertwined with social, psychological and moral relations. The subject is the family as a close social community, formed by ties of kinship, marriage, parenthood, and various formal and informal norms. The family economy is characterized by the absence or limited use of hired labor, mutual and long-term support, family consumption, monetary and non-monetary evaluation of actions, love relationships and relationships of responsibility to children and parents, inheritance relationships.

Family economics begins with the birth of a family, with the development of principles and strategies for a decent, at least secure, and maybe even rich family life.

The main part of human society consists of families, they account for about 9/10 of the Earth's population, and approximately 1/10 of all people are single people who do not have their own families and lead a solitary lifestyle.

All families are not alike. They have their own general differences and individual characteristics. General differences between families are characterized by their composition and size, lifestyle, social status, value orientations, material wealth, etc.

The objective laws of civilized development of human society require the preservation and enhancement of family, moral and material values. Greater importance in such a complex process should be given to compiling family pedigrees, identifying and continuing the best family traditions, and honoring one’s ancestors.

The financial situation of the population largely depends on the state and its economy. At the same time, the level of economic development and the economic power of the state also largely depend on the labor activity and efficiency of its citizens, on the well-being and wealth of families. The richer the family, the greater its contribution to the country's budget.

The primary task of the state and the entire society is to develop and implement laws regulating the rights and responsibilities of citizens and ensuring the socio-economic protection of the family, motherhood and childhood.

Article 38 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation defines:

"1. Motherhood and childhood, the family are under the protection of the state.

• 2. Caring for children and raising them is an equal right and responsibility of parents.
• 3. Working children who have reached the age of 18 must take care of their disabled parents" http://www.constitution.ru/.

These constitutional norms are specified in the family and civil codes, and in other laws of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities. Main non-family property rights children are regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Family economic structure is a set of elements of the family system and the relationships between them. The structural elements of the family are subsystems, which are local, differentiated sets of family roles that allow the family to perform certain functions and ensure its livelihoods. The relationships between family members depend on the characteristics of the subsystems to which they belong.

There are three main types of family subsystems:

• · the individual subsystem is represented by an individual family member;
• · the marital subsystem is the basis of the nuclear family;
• · the parental subsystem unites family members whose interaction is associated with the performance of parental functions, which includes caring for children, education, development, socialization, etc.;
• · the sibling subsystem consists of brothers and sisters of a nuclear family.
• · the child-parent subsystem is represented by family members belonging to different generations, namely parents and their not yet adult children.

Family structure is a momentary indicator recorded during censuses or special studies.

Types and functions of the family, its organization.

Family typology is quite complex and diverse. Depending on one approach or another, the following categories can be distinguished.

From a demographic point of view, several types of family and its organization are distinguished.

Depending on the number of partners:

• 1. polygamous family - consisting of two partners
• 2. polygamous family - consisting of more than two partners:

Polygamy (polygyny) is the simultaneous state of a man being married to several women. Moreover, marriage is concluded by a man with each of the women separately.

Polyandry is the simultaneous state of a woman being married to several men.

Swedish family is a family based on a polyamorous relationship between three partners.

Depending on the gender of the partners:

• 1. heterosexual family - a “traditional” family formed by one man and one woman;
• 2. same-sex family - a family formed by two persons of the same sex (two men or two women).

Depending on the number of children:

• 1. childless or infertile family;
• 2. one-child family;
• 3. small family;
• 4. medium-sized family;
• 5. large family.

Depending on the composition:

1. simple or nuclear family - consists of one generation, represented by parents (parent) with or without children. The nuclear family has become most widespread in modern society. She could be:

elementary - a family of three members: husband, wife and child. Such a family may, in turn:

complete - includes both parents and at least one child;

incomplete - a family consisting of only one parent with children, or a family consisting only of parents without children;

composite - a complete nuclear family in which several children are raised. A compound nuclear family, where there are several children, should be considered as a conjunction of several elementary ones.

2. complex family or patriarchal family - a large family of several generations. This may include grandparents, brothers and their wives, sisters and their husbands, nephews and nieces.

Depending on a person’s place in the family:

• 1. parental - this is the family into which a person is born;
• 2. reproductive - a family that a person creates himself.

Depending on where the family lives:

• 1. matrilocal - a young family living with the wife’s parents;
• 2. patrilocal - a family living together with the husband’s parents;
• 3. neolocal - the family moves to a home remote from the place of residence of the parents.

Patrilineal inheritance means that children take their father's surname (in Russia also a patronymic), and property usually passes through the male line. Such families are called patrilineal. Inheritance through the female line means matrilineality of the family.

The functions of the family are diverse. They affect all the most important sectors of society and largely determine the socio-economic processes taking place in it.

In a market economy, the family is the main link in the formation and accumulation of human capital. Therefore, the system of family functions can be considered at three stages: education, production and sale of “human capital”.

At the first stage, the material base of the family is created in the process of performing the following functions: formation and use of the family budget, housekeeping.

At the second stage, the family performs functions: childbearing, educational, recreational. At this stage, the physical basis of “human capital” is created, which develops, and at the same time, this capital is adapted to the socio-economic system of life. For the production of human capital, the following production factors are necessary: ​​material resources, goods and services, as well as the producers themselves - family members.

At the third stage, they are implemented following functions through various methods of entrepreneurship and employment: individual participation of family members in the market economy, organization of a family business, corporate forms of family participation in the market economy, housekeeping, receipt and distribution of income Dov.

The functions of the family at all stages of the formation and functioning of “human capital” are interconnected. For example, a decrease in reproductive function reduces the labor potential of the family and weakens its production functions.

All functions are aimed at accumulating and reimbursing costs associated with the creation of “human capital” and the development of entrepreneurial potential.

The role of the family in the economic life of society.

The problems of family life in a market economy and the realization of its entrepreneurial potential are relevant for each of us.

“A family is a social community of people consciously organized on the basis of kinship ties and everyday life, in whose life the natural, economic and spiritual needs of its members and society as a whole are realized” http://slovari.yandex.ru/family%20eto/BSE/Family/ . The entire system of social relations is carried out through the family. In the process of the evolution of society, the family also changed: its place and role, structure and functions, size and stability, rights and responsibility, its socio-economic status.

The socio-economic status of a family is an integral indicator that reflects the characteristics of the socio-political structure of society, its legal basis, level of development of the economy, culture and society. It is in the family that the formation and socialization of the individual’s initial needs, his interests, and ways of realizing them take place. In the process of family interaction with society, its functions develop and its status is established.

The economic functions of the family in a market economy are diverse. These are housekeeping, family business, formation of human capital, ensuring the necessary level of consumer demand, creating investment potential and others. In accordance with these functions, the family is included in the circulation market economy, changing their socio-economic status and importance in society.

The role of the family in a market economy is dual, since it can simultaneously act as a household and an enterprise, a producer and a consumer, a saver and an investor. The solution to family problems in a market economy should be sought in the formation of new needs and opportunities for the family; creating conditions for development and implementation economic functions families; improving the socio-economic status of the family and ensuring social support and normal living conditions of the family.

An integral feature of the modern market economy has become the tendency to strengthen its social function in relation to the family in three aspects: increasing efficiency, expanding freedom and the social base of entrepreneurship; systems strengthening social security and state guarantees of assistance to objectively (temporarily or permanently) economically inactive members of society; increasing targeted social support aimed at expanded reproduction of human capital, labor and entrepreneurial potential, development of initiative, mobility and activity of business entities.

“The family is the main link in the formation and accumulation of human capital” http://slovari.yandex.ru/family%20eto/TSE/Family/.

The functions of the family at all stages of the formation and implementation of human capital are interconnected. They are aimed at accumulating and recovering costs associated with the creation of human capital and the development of entrepreneurial potential. That's why

Expanding the reproductive function of the family by modern stage development of our society is a socially necessary process, conditioned both by objective factors associated with material shortages, with significant dissatisfaction with the socio-economic needs of the population, with the insufficient development of the market and production, and by subjective factors, the new demands that people make today the quality of their life, the conditions and content of work, employment, entrepreneurship, everyday life, society, habitat, etc.

The most important economic function of the family is the formation and use of the family budget. What items make up family income and expenses?

Income: wages; business income; income from property (rent, interest, rental payments, dividend); government transfer payments (pensions, scholarships, benefits, free services in the field of health, education); income from other sources.

Expenses: social insurance; taxes; food and flavor products; clothing and shoes; rent and housing; public utilities; furniture, Appliances; transport; education, entertainment; leisure, travel; voluntary donations and contributions to public organizations; other expenses; saving.

The family budget reflects its socio-economic status, entrepreneurial activity, standard of living, education, investment potential and etc.

"Consumer basket - a complete set consumer services, necessary to meet the needs of the average family, ensuring its normal life activity, calculated in monetary and physical terms" http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CF%EE%F2%F0%E5.

In all countries of the world, in the expenditure side of the family budget after paying taxes and contributions to social insurance The largest share is made up of food costs. Depending on the economic level development of the country, this share can vary significantly (for example, in Germany - about 20%, in Russia - up to 80%).

The family implements the function of socialization, i.e. inclusion of a person in the social system through education, health services, raising children, culture, etc., with the help of the state. This is manifested in the variety of social services that are provided to the population in market economy: employment; social insurance; pension provision; child benefit; promotion of education; social help; social housing construction; labor protection for women and minors; subsidies and loans for rent and purchase of housing; accident insurance; preferential prices and tariffs for services.

The family as the original microcell and the subjective basis of the social system should be considered as an integral object social protection, since it is the connecting central link in the logical chain of relations “person - family - society”. All private issues of social protection of the individual and society in a market economy are resolved through the family. The family can and should serve as the goal, the final criterion, and the guideline for varying the forms, methods and dimensions of social protection. This approach means that the individualist (in a “pure” market economy) and collectivist (in a command economy) concepts of social protection should be replaced by family policy as the main part and priority direction social policy states.