The economy of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk is socially oriented, serving the needs of the population and business entities. At the same time, the city is creating a favorable environment for the modernization of utility sector enterprises and the creation of small manufacturing industries.

The city is experiencing an increase in production volumes for the type of activity “production and distribution of electricity, gas and water”, which is explained by an increase in population, the commissioning of additional premises of residential buildings and social facilities.

Among manufacturing industries, indicators for wood processing and wood products production are growing.

The fish processing plant is expanding its activities. The area of ​​the plant's branded stores is being increased and a greenhouse facility is being built.

Great contribution to implementation economic potential The construction industry contributes to the territory, as evidenced by the systematic increase in the volume of work and services performed over recent years. The commissioning of large volumes of housing (1.45 sq. m per person) allows construction organizations to create large amounts of added value and reinvest part of the proceeds in new construction projects.

A favorable investment environment has been created in Khanty-Mansiysk. In the ranking of investment attractiveness, the city occupies a leading position among the municipalities of the Autonomous Okrug. The investment portfolio of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk includes 92 investment projects with a total investment capacity of 67 billion rubles.

A significant factor in the development of economic potential is the city’s transport system. Construction undertaken highway in the eastern direction from Khanty-Mansiysk, as well as the construction of a bridge across the Irtysh River in the western part of the city made it possible to ensure regular transport links between the district capital and other territories of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra, as well as the cities of the Urals and Siberia. Further expansion of the transport network and the construction of logistics centers can give the city a certain development potential, however, in terms of the planned volumes of cargo transportation, growth limits should be set so as not to disrupt the favorable environmental situation and comfort of living in the city. In Khanty-Mansiysk it is planned to develop water logistics, taking into account the existing capacities of the river port and weak competition in this regard from other cities of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra.

In general, the realization of the economic potential of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk creates conditions for income growth local budget. A balanced budget allows the city not only to exercise its powers to resolve issues of local importance, but also to ensure the development of all key areas of life.

Indicators of economic and investment activity of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk

In 2015, in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk, 13 government programs Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra and 26 municipal programs city ​​of Khanty-Mansiysk.

As part of the implementation of 26 municipal programs for 2015, it was planned to achieve 292 indicators. 246 indicators exceeded planned values. The average percentage of achievement of indicator values ​​for all municipal programs is 100%.

The municipal program “Development of individual sectors of the economy of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk for 2016-2020” was developed in 2015 to achieve the strategic goals of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk, such as: increasing the role of entrepreneurship in the economy of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk, ensuring food security; increasing investment activity in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk; creation of working conditions that ensure the preservation of the life and health of workers in the process of work.

The city's industrial products are represented by four sections economic classification main sectors of activity:

production and distribution of electricity, gas and water;

manufacturing industries;

fishing, fish farming;

provision of other services.

The largest share in industrial production is occupied by enterprises for the production, transmission and distribution of electricity, gas and water - 93.1%.

Manufacturing industries include: food production; pulp and paper production, publishing and printing activities; production of other non-metallic mineral products (production of concrete, paving slabs and bricks); textile and clothing production (repair and tailoring of products for individual orders, and provision of services for the repair of household appliances). The volume of goods shipped, work performed and services performed in this area in 2015 amounted to 501.1 million rubles, an increase of 22.9% over the year.

The volume of production and services provided by the type of activity “fishing, fish farming” for 2015 amounted to 96.5 million rubles, which is almost 3 times higher than in 2014. The representative of the “Fishing, fish farming” industry among large and medium-sized enterprises is OJSC “Khanty-Mansiysk Fish Processing Plant”. The volume of production and services provided by this enterprise is 30.8 million rubles.

Fish catch increased by 29.4% and amounted to 549.4 tons, 1008.9 tons of fish products were produced, which exceeds the same period in 2014 by 32.0%.

Demography.

As of January 1, 2016, the Register of Municipal Property of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk includes 73 municipal organizations, including:

46 budgetary institutions;

9 government institutions;

5 municipal enterprises;

3 autonomous institutions;

10 local government bodies and city administration bodies.

In 2015, the trend of increasing the value of municipal property continued in connection with the acquisition, construction of facilities, as well as the redistribution of powers between levels of government. The register of municipal property included 458.3 thousand units with a total value of 68,188 million rubles. (as of 01/01/2015 total cost– 67,195 million rubles), the value of the property increased by 1.5%.

Municipal property objects included in the register of municipal property are assigned to municipal enterprises with the right of economic management (11.09%), municipal institutions with the right of operational management (18.38%), and also make up the city treasury (70.53%).

total area real estate, located in the register of municipal property (excluding land plots) is 464.8 thousand sq.m., including: in economic management - 55.1 thousand sq.m., in operational management - 201.5 thousand sq.m. .m, in the municipal treasury – 208.2 thousand sq.m.

In 2015, 721 units of property were leased; compared to 2014, the number of property leased increased by 48 units (in 2014 – 673 units), including:

685 units of movable property;

19 units of heating networks;

15 non-residential premises, with total area 2.3 thousand sq.m., including 14 boiler rooms.

In 2015, 6 non-residential premises with a total area of ​​9.1 thousand sq.m. were transferred for free use.

During 2016 it is planned:

Carrying out control activities intended use objects of municipal property leased, for free use, for economic management and operational management;

Carrying out measures to reduce the size of the preferential coefficient from 0.8 to 0.5, in order to support small and medium-sized businesses in the calculation rent for the use of non-residential premises that are municipally owned and leased.

Labor potential

An important factor determining the labor potential of a city is high share working age population.

Thanks to the intensive development of small and medium-sized businesses, several hundred new jobs are created annually in Khanty-Mansiysk. The largest increase in the average number of employees is observed in agriculture, fishing and fish farming, hotel and restaurant business.

The supply of jobs often outstrips the demand for labor, which predetermines low values ​​of the labor market tension coefficient.

The city has the opportunity to create temporary jobs to employ young people. Labor teams are being formed, including a city youth service team, whose function is to ensure the holding of mass events in the city.

Migrants make up a special part of the city’s labor potential. Among migrants, a significant proportion are people with higher and secondary specialized education, which strengthens the labor potential of the territory.

Standards of living

One of the main macro economic indicators living standards are the income of the population. Based on the results of 2015 average per capita income amounted to 47,590.44 rubles.

Level achieved cash income population allows you to provide more than three budgets of the subsistence minimum, which is 14,350.0 rubles.

In 2015, the average monthly salary of one employee working in city organizations was 67,300.4 rubles.

Average monthly pension of one pensioner according to government agency data Branch Pension Fund of the Russian Federation in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk in 2015 amounted to 19,605.89 rubles.

City budget

In order to ensure budget balance and timely fulfillment of accepted expenditure obligations in the municipality, an action plan was developed to increase revenues and optimize budget expenditures of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk, providing for the achievement of a budget effect in 2015 in the amount of 185.5 million rubles.

The budget of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk in 2015 retained its social orientation, 52% of budget expenditures were aimed at the functioning of the social sphere: education, culture, physical culture and sports, social policy.

The share of city budget expenditures generated on the basis of municipal programs increased from 25% in 2011 to 98.4% in 2015.

Municipal order

The city is currently implementing an action plan for the transition to a contract system municipality city ​​of Khanty-Mansiysk, aimed at increasing the efficiency of using budget funds and ensuring compliance with legal requirements Russian Federation in the field of procurement.

In 2015, such elements as the introduction into operation of the municipal information system of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk, integrated with automated information system“Budget” and a unified information system in the field of procurement, which provided operational control over the planning and implementation of procurement and the ability to place schedules in a structured form already in 2015.

One of the main tools for increasing the efficiency of using budget funds is procurement planning. The municipal procurement plan for the city of Khanty-Mansiysk for 2015 amounted to 2,672,048.7 thousand rubles.

The structure of the Plan for 2015 in terms of procurement methods is as follows:

In accordance with this plan for 2015, goods, works, and services were purchased to meet municipal needs in the amount of 2,479,778.4 thousand rubles.

In the total volume of procurements carried out, the share of procurements carried out by competitive methods is 77.5%, auctions in electronic form – 68,6%.

In order to provide additional support to small businesses and socially oriented non-profit organizations (hereinafter referred to as SMP, SONKO), purchases from such organizations were made in the amount of 36.1% of the total annual procurement volume at a rate of 25% recommended by the order of the Government of the Autonomous Okrug dated December 12, 2014 of the year
No. 671-rp “On the action plan (road map) to ensure favorable investment climate V Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Ugra".

Information on the share of purchases in %% made from small businesses and socially oriented non-profit organizations for 2011-2015 is presented in the diagram.

System strategic planning city ​​represents a coordinated interaction of strategic planning participants in the development and implementation of strategic planning documents.

In order to ensure consistency between the priorities of socio-economic development and the intended development goals of the municipality and the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra, in 2015, the main strategic planning document for the long-term period was updated - the Strategy for the socio-economic development of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk until 2020 and for the period until 2030 (Decision of the Duma of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk dated March 30, 2015 No. 633 - V RD).

The strategy for the socio-economic development of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk until 2020 and for the period until 2030 (hereinafter referred to as the Strategy) defines a system of long-term goals, the most important areas of activity, priorities for socio-economic development and mechanisms for achieving the intended goals.

Based on the identified development resources and competitive advantages of the city, the Strategy is aimed at increasing the investment attractiveness of the territory, starts a new round of development in the spheres of education, culture, tourism, and will provide more comfortable living conditions for citizens.

The updated version of the Strategy is in a certain relationship with the initially approved version and is reflected in Comprehensive program socio-economic development of the city of Khanty-Mansiysk until 2020, which is the main mechanism for its implementation through the implementation of state and municipal programs.

1. The composition of the national economic complex of Russia.The main directions of development of the national economic complex of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra

The economy is single complex industry, it consists of the spheres of industries and sectors of the economy. The sphere of economics is material production and non-material production.

Sectors of the economy are groups of enterprises that characterize homogeneous products, etc.

Intersectoral complexes

Sectors of the economy 4th sector;

1. household sector

2. industrial sector; financial payment banks; non-financial companies provide services

3. sector of government institutions judicial, legislative

4. external sector non-residents, military bases, consulates.

KHMAO - Yugra, oil and gas complex, construction industry, forestry, communications, trade, housing and communal services.

The national economy consists of elements of spheres, spheres and branches and sectors of the economy.

Scope – from the point of view of participation of national income social production is divided into two large areas: material production and immaterial production

– Material production – refers to industry, trade, agriculture, transport, communications (Not all) servicing industries sphere.

– Intangible production – the sphere includes housing and communal services, education, culture, art, science, support and organized management.

The economic sphere is divided into specialized industries.

Industry– this is a group of qualitatively homogeneous households. assessment characterizes special conditions…. in the system of social labor of homogeneous products performing the general function of the national economy.

To meet growing needs, there is a combination of various subsectors both within the industry and subsectors in other industries, which leads to inter-industry complexes.

Inter-industry complex– characterized by interactions in various industries and their elements at various stages of production and its product.

Economy sectors– the constituent elements of the national economy and complex can be grouped according to various characteristics of the economic sector.

A sector is understood as a set of instruction units having initial economic goals, functions of behavior.

1) household sector – includes consuming units i.e.……

2) industrial sector - financial payments, and non-financial payments.

3) financial subsector – covers subsectors engaged in financial intermediation

4) the non-financial subsector sector – unites subsectors engaged in the production of goods and services for the purpose of profit.

5) State institutions are a set of legislative, executive and judicial bodies of social security funds.

6) The external sector is a collection of…….

2. Entrepreneurial activity of the enterprise. Supporting entrepreneurship and developing competition in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra

Entrepreneurs are householders. subjects of the function who are implementers of new conduct and implementation of new combinations.

Entrepreneurship refers to activities carried out by private individuals, enterprises or individuals in the production and provision of services.

- independence and uncertainty

– economic interest

- household risk and responsibility

Conditions for the function of entrepreneurship;

– economic conditions – market infrastructure is being formed for normal business activities

– infrastructure is a set of organizations with the help of which entrepreneurs can participate in mutual relations and leads commercial transactions.

– social conditions – the desire of buyers to purchase goods that meet tastes and fashion.

– legal environment – ​​the presence of laws regulating business activities that create favorable conditions for its development.

1. The need to protect firms from each other to prevent unfair competition.

2. The need to protect consumers from unscrupulous producers.

3. The need to protect the highest interests of society from the tirelessness of entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurial activity is formed by ideas and developed without a legal entity.

Entrepreneurs without the formation of a legal entity - carried out by private entrepreneurs who have passed state registration.

A legal entity is an organization that has ownership, economic management or operational management of separate property, is responsible for obligations, can be a plaintiff and is liable in court.

Legal entities are characterized by the following characteristics:

1. the property is separated independently from the balance sheet of a commercial enterprise or from an independent estimate from a non-commercial subdivision.

2. independent property liability.

3. independent speech in civil circulation.

4. organizational unity, the presence of a stable structure enshrined in the constituent documents.

5. Having a bank account.

6. presence of a seal.

Support entrepreneurial activity KHMAO - Yugra

Entrepreneurship Development Fund

Trade policy defends the interests of business and establishes mutual relations.

3. Property and capital of the enterprise

Property– these are material and non-material elements used in production activities.

Property subdivision – separation of property of its founders and participants and employees

The composition of the property will be determined by tangible property and non-material elements.

Material substances - buildings, machines, finished products, cash, land.

Not material elements - they are created in the process of life of activity, the reputation of the company, the circle regular customers, company name and use of trademarks, personnel qualifications, proprietary production methods, know-how, contracts.

Enterprise capital

There is a distinction between real capital – it exists in the form of means...

Monetary form of money.

Funds supporting the activities of the subsector are usually divided into own and borrowed funds. Equity– the value of the property owned by the owner.

Borrowed capital - attracted in the form of financial assistance loans, amounts received on collateral, etc., external sources for a specific period, for a certain period, for some reason.

The minimum amount of the established capital of a closed joint-stock company is 100 minimum sizes wages and JSC has 1000 minimum wages.

Capital is money put into circulation and generating income from this circulation.

The circulation of money is carried out by investing in entrepreneurial transfers in court, transferring for rent.

Entrepreneurial capital – investments in various direct and portfolio investment.

Judicial capital is monetary capital presented in court on the terms of urgency, payment and repayment.

Structural capital consists of funds that are used to form fixed assets, intangible assets revolving funds, circulation funds.

4. Economic essence and classification of fixed assets

Fixed production assets- This value expression the main characteristics of the means of labor are the period of use (long period) and the method of transferring value to the created product (by parts, by measures).

Depreciation takes into account the established norm of amounts which include the cost of production.

The economic essence of fixed assets lies in the fact that value is temporarily balanced, moving from a monetary form to a natural commodity form and again to a monetary form.

Fixed production assets are a part of the means of labor that participate in many production cycles, retaining their natural shape and transferring the value of the product in parts as it wears out.

The law of reproduction of fixed capital is expressed in the fact that in a normal economy the condition of its value in the ongoing production is completely restored, providing the opportunity for constant technical justification of the means of labor.

The most important indicator of the reproduction and turnover of fixed assets is the increase in renewal and loss.

Growth rate;

K at = OPF introduced

OF N.G.

The growth rate reflects the increase in fixed capital and considers the period and is calculated as newly introduced fixed assets to their value at the beginning of the year.

The renewal coefficient characterizes the degree of renewal of means of production and is calculated as the ratio of the annual average to the newly introduced value at the end of the year.

To ob. = OPFvved

Retirement ratio is the ratio of the value of retired fixed assets to the ratio of their value at the beginning of the year.

To elimination = OPF introduced

1. Classification of fixed assets by field of activity.

2. By sectors and industries of the national economy.

3. Functionally, the species classification allows one to obtain information about the most important quality of changes occurring in economic terms.

The current classification is 10 groups;

1. Buildings (residential buildings)

2. Structures (oil and gas wells, bridges, hydraulic structures)

3. Transmission devices (all pipes, wires, electrical transmission lines)

4. Machinery and equipment

5. Vehicles

6. Tools, production and household equipment.

7. Productive desk.

8. Perennials.

9. Other types of fixed assets.

Structure of fixed production assets;

Structurally, the proportion of individual species in the totality is calculated as a percentage.

Depending on the degree of participation in the creation of the product, fixed assets of activity are divided into active and passive parts; the active part includes those fixed assets that are directly involved in production; Passive – ensure the normal functioning of the active elements of fixed assets of funds.

5. Types of valuation, methods of revaluation of fixed assets

Accounting and planning of fixed assets - carried out in kind and cash when assessing fixed assets in natural shape takes into account their quantity, size, production area, etc., quantitative indicators; for this purpose, an inventory and certification of equipment is carried out.

Monetary or value assessment - for planners. Expanded reproduction of fixed assets, the degree of wear and tear and the amount of depreciation deductions.

Basic types of valuations of fixed assets. initial, replacement, and residual costs.

The total initial cost represents own amount actual costs in current prices for the acquisition or creation of labor for transportation, installation and installation of machinery and equipment. Based on the initial cost of fixed assets, they are stabilized on the balance sheet and depreciation is calculated on it.

Replacement cost expresses an assessment of the reproduction of fixed assets in modern conditions at the time of revaluation.

Residual value is the full original cost or full replacement cost minus initial wear and tear.

Liquid value is the possible proceeds from the sale of liquidated property.

Book value is the value at which the fixed asset is taken into account in the balance sheet based on used data from their accrual and movement.

Revaluation of fixed assets can be carried out using two methods; expert and using an index price system. With the expert method, commissions are created from among the most experienced specialists; which carry out revaluation.

With index revaluation, the book value is multiplied by the price index established for a given group of fixed assets.

6. Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets

Depreciation is calculated at ready rates as a percentage of the original cost.

1. Proportional - they are characterized by the fact that every year throughout the operating period, depreciation charges are calculated at the same rate as a percentage of the original cost.

2. Accelerated depreciation methods are mainly part of the accrual…….

A) Uniformly straight

N amar = GW* 100%

NV

N amor - Depreciation rate

GW – Annual Output

NV – Production Norm

Proportional depreciation methods?

The proportional method refers to

A) Uniformly straight

B) Accrual of depreciation depending on deadline labor equipment services.

C) Calculation of depreciation depending on the volume of production.

N amar = GW* 100%

N amor - Depreciation rate

GV – Annual output

NV - Production rate

Accelerated depreciation methods?

Method of calculating accelerated depreciation;

1. Firmly fixed labor service

N amar = 1 *100%

n – number of years

2. Declining balance method at double the rate, depreciation is charged at double the rate in% of the residual value

Will accept the cost of revolutions was 24 miles. The annual depreciation rate is 5%; calculate the depreciation amount for 3 years.

2) 216 – 10 = 2,2

3) 194 – 10 = 1,9

3. The accumulation method (sum of numbers method) combines the first methods in which the service life is standardized.... wear rate in the first years of operation

Ex: the service life of fixed assets is 6 years, it is necessary to calculate annual rates.

Life time	The number of years is written backwards	Depreciation rate

7. Indicators of use of fixed assets

All indicators of PF use can be combined into three groups:

1) indicators of extensive use of PF, reflecting the level of their use over time;

2) indicators of intensive use of PFs, reflecting the level of their use in terms of power (productivity);

3) indicators of integral use, taking into account the combined influence of all factors.

The first group of indicators includes: the coefficient of extensive use of equipment, the coefficient of equipment shifts, the coefficient of equipment load, the coefficient of shift mode of equipment operating time.

The coefficient of extensive equipment utilization (EUC) is calculated using the formula:

Where T OBOR.F – actual operating time of the equipment, h;

T OBO.PL – operating time of the equipment according to the norm, hours.

Extensive use of equipment is characterized by its shift coefficient, which is defined as the ratio of the total number of machine-tool shifts worked by equipment of a given type during the day to the number of machines working in the largest shift.

The shift coefficient calculated in this way shows how many shifts each piece of equipment works on average annually.

The main directions for increasing equipment shifts: increasing the level of specialization of jobs; increasing the rhythm of work; reduction of downtime associated with deficiencies in the organization of workplace maintenance; better organization of repair work; mechanization and automation of labor.

The equipment utilization factor also characterizes the use of equipment over time. It is calculated as the ratio of the labor intensity of manufacturing all products on a given type of equipment to the fund of its operating time.

Based on the equipment shift indicator, the shift utilization rate of equipment operation time is calculated.

It is determined by dividing the equipment shift ratio achieved in a given period by the shift duration established at the enterprise.

The coefficient of intensive use of equipment is determined by the ratio of the actual productivity of the main process equipment to its standard productivity. To calculate the indicator, use the formula:

Where V f – actual production of equipment per unit of time;

V n – technically justified production of equipment per unit of time.

The coefficient of integral use of equipment is defined as the product of the coefficients of intensive and extensive use of equipment and comprehensively characterizes its operation in terms of time and productivity:

The result of better use of fixed assets is, first of all, an increase in production volume.

Therefore, a general indicator of the efficiency of fixed production assets should be based on the principle of comparing manufactured products with the entire set of fixed assets used in its production.

This will be an indicator of output per 1 ruble. cost of fixed assets, – capital productivity. To calculate it, the formula is used:

Where T - volume of commodity or products sold, rub.;

F – average annual cost of fixed production assets.

The average annual cost of fixed production assets is determined as follows:

Where F 1 – cost of the enterprise's fixed production assets at the beginning of the year, rubles;

F input; F select– the cost of fixed production assets introduced (retired) during the year;

p 1 p 2 – quantity full months from the moment of entry (disposal).

Capital intensity of production is the reciprocal of capital productivity. It shows the share of the cost of fixed assets attributable to each ruble of output. If capital productivity should tend to increase, then capital intensity should tend to decrease.

The efficiency of an enterprise is largely determined by the level of capital-labor ratio, determined by the cost of fixed production assets to the number of workers of the enterprise.

This value must continuously increase, since technical equipment, and therefore labor productivity, depends on it.

Another important indicator of the efficiency of fixed assets is capital profitability, which is the general level of profitability of funds, characterizing how much profit is received per 1 ruble. fixed assets. It is determined by the formula:

where P is profit from sales, rub.

OPF – average annual cost of fixed production assets, rub.

8. Composition and classification of working capital

Working capital is money advanced to current and production funds and circulation funds.

Working capital is a part of the means of production that is spent in each production cycle and their value is transferred to the production of products in its entirety, and immediately working capital loses its consumer value as consumers produce it.

New consumer value arises in the form of products made from them.

Revolving funds

1. produce supplies - raw materials, materials, fuel, combustibles, purchased semi-finished products, etc.

2. Work in progress and semi-finished products of own production. Objects of labor that have entered the process are unfinished production in some workshops and are subject to further processing in other workshops.

3. Deferred expenses are expenses that are produced in a given period but attribute products to be produced in a future period.

Circulation funds

Discussing the sphere of circulation and including finished products for sale but not sold. products cash and funds in settlements.

Usually there are 2 groups of means that differ in the degree of planning - these are standardized and non-standardized.

– Rationing – the establishment of economically justified reserve standards is necessary for the p/p norm. Standardized assets include working capital assets and finished products.

Circulation funds are not standardized.

Sources of working capital are formed.

Own, borrowed, and attracted.

– Own – arrived, and stable liabilities

Stable liabilities are those that are constantly used in circulation although they do not belong to it.

– Carrying salary arrears (stable liability)

– deposit for return card

– borrowed funds main source briefly urgent loan

– Funds raised are accounts payable all types as well as targeted financing for their intended purpose.

9. Determining the enterprise's need for working capital

The purpose of rationing is to determine the rational distribution of working capital involved within a certain period.

– rationing of working capital is carried out in natural and monetary terms

Standardization stages

1. Inventory standards are developed for each working capital standard.

2. The norm is the relative value of the corresponding volume of reserves of each element, the period established in days...... and means the duration of the period of provision with data and material assets

3. One-day consumption of material assets is calculated

Standardization methods.

1. direct calculation methods, analytical, coefficient.

Direct counting method– provides for the calculation of inventories for each element of working capital, taking into account all changes in the organizational and technical level.

Analytical– applies in the case when it does not provide for the ability to change operating conditions in comparison with the previous period.

Coefficient– the standard is determined on the basis of the standard, the previous standard for external changes, supply accounting.

Rationing of materials is the working capital standard for raw materials reserves of basic materials and purchased semi-finished products, calculated on the basis of the average daily consumption and the average daily inventory rate.

The norm of working capital reserves for each type or one ……… materials time period of current (t) Insurance (c) transport, technological, preparatory stocks.

N = P * (T + C + T R + T st + P)

(T) current stock - the main type of stock required between two next deliveries.

(C) safety stock – 50% of current stock

(T r) transport stock - the period of cargo turnover is created in comparison with the period of document circulation.

(T st) technological reserves - created in cases where this type of raw material is created....

(P) preparatory stock - associated with the need for acceptance, unloading, sorting and warehousing inventories.

(P) stock norm

Rationing of unfinished production

From the volume and consumption of production, the long production cycle, the cost of production and the characteristic increase in costs during the production process.

All costs in the production process are divided into one-time and accrual.

Non-recurring costs include costs incurred at the very beginning, all other costs are considered accrual.

N = S * q * TWell *Knz

S – rationing of working capital in unfinished production.

S – cost of units. products.

q – production volume

T well – production cycle duration

K nz – cost increase coefficient

Tn – number of days in the period.

10. Indicators of efficiency in the use of working capital

Working capital is in constant motion and rotates in circles.

The circle of cash turnover starting from the moment of payment material resource and ends with the return of these costs in the form of sales revenue. The time during which a full circle of turnover occurs is called the period of working capital.

This indicator characterizes the average speed of working capital.

3 – and main indicators

1. Turnover ratio

K o = Rn

R n –

SO – average balance of working capital

Characterizes the number of turnovers of working capital made for a certain period or shows the volume of products sold per 1 ruble of working capital.

2. Load factor of working capital; its value of turnover; turnover ratio characterizes the amount of working capital spent per 1 ruble.

K 3 = CO

3. The duration of one turnover in days of a certain division of the number of days in the period by the turnover ratio.

T = D

Ways to accelerate turnover, working capital

1. at the stage of creating industrial reserves, these are external justified stock standards.

Bringing supplies of raw materials closer to consumers and developing long-term direct connections. Integrated mechanization and automation of warehousing.

2. at the stage of unfinished production, acceleration and implementation of achievements of the scientific and technical process. Development of standardization of unification. Improving the forms of production organization and using cheaper structural materials.

Improving the system of economic incentives, economic use of raw materials and fuel economic resources.

3. at the circulation stage - bringing the consumer closer to his products from preparation and improving the payment system; increasing the volume of products through direct connections

Careful and timely selection of shipped products by batch, transit rate and shipment in accordance with concluded contracts.

11. Concept and types of enterprise costs

The concept of costs varies depending on their economic purposes.

Based on reproduction characteristics, costs are divided into 3 groups

1. the costs of production and sales of products form the cost price

2. costs for expansion and renewal of production, large one-time capital investments.

3. costs for social, cultural, housing and other similar needs

Production costs are the cost of using production factors, the value of costs from the volume of resources expended and prices. There are external and internal costs. External costs (monetary or explicit) are opportunity costs that take the form cash payments made by factor supplier firms. Internal costs (not explicit or liquid) they reflect the use production resources owner-owned entrepreneurial labor lands, not tangible assets.

Economic costs – external and internal costs. Accounting costs are external costs. production and sales costs are classified

1. According to their role in the production process, they are divided into main and invoices. The main costs directly form the created product and its physical basis. Overhead costs with the servicing production process.

2. by the method of including the cost of production. Costs are divided into direct and indirect.

3. depending on the cost of changes in the volume of output.

4. according to accounting methods, costs are divided into simple and complex - collected groups according to functional role in the production process or at the place where costs are incurred.

5. According to the period of use in production, a distinction is made between daily or current costs and one-time costs.

12. Product cost

Product cost is one of the most important economic indicators of the activities of industrial enterprises and associations, expressing in monetary form all the costs of the enterprise associated with the production and sale of products. Cost shows how much the products it produces cost the company.

The cost includes the costs of past labor transferred to products (depreciation of fixed assets, the cost of raw materials, materials, fuel and other material resources) and the cost of paying employees of the enterprise (wages).

In accordance with the definition of costs (prime cost) of production, it is necessary to distinguish between the cost of production and sales, production and sales. The cost of production (production) characterizes in monetary terms all material costs and labor costs, which in a particular production fall per unit and for the entire volume of output.

The cost, as a general economic indicator, reflects all aspects of the enterprise’s activities: the degree of technological equipment of production and development technological processes; level of organization of production and labor, degree of utilization of production capacity; economical use of material and labor resources and other conditions and factors characterizing production and economic activities.

When starting to consider complex issues of cost formation for the production and sale of products (works, services), it is necessary to consider the basic provisions of cost as an economic and legal category.

Economic and production activities at any enterprise are associated with the consumption of raw materials, materials, fuel, energy, and with payment wages, deduction of payments for social and pension insurance workers, depreciation, as well as a number of other necessary costs.

Through the circulation process, these costs are constantly reimbursed from the enterprise’s revenue from the sale of products (works, services), which ensures the continuity of the production process.

To calculate the amount of all expenses of an enterprise, they are brought to a single indicator, presented in monetary terms. This indicator is the cost.

The cost of products (works, services) is one of the important general indicators of the activity of a company (enterprise), reflecting the efficiency of use of resources, the results of implementation new technology and progressive Technology; improvement of labor organization, production and management.

Firms engaged in production activities determine production costs, and firms engaged in sales, supply, trade and intermediary activities determine distribution costs.

The specific composition of costs that can be attributed to production and distribution costs is regulated by law in almost all countries. This is due to the features tax system and the need to distinguish the company’s costs according to the sources of their reimbursement (included in the cost of production and, therefore, reimbursed at the expense of prices for it and reimbursed from the profit remaining at the disposal of the company after paying taxes and other obligatory payments).

In accordance with clause 1 of the Regulations on the composition of costs for the production and sale of products (works, services) included in the cost price, and on the procedure for forming financial results taken into account when taxing profits, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 1, 1995 No. 661 (Regulations on the composition of costs), the cost of products (works, services) is a valuation of the natural resources and raw materials used in the production process of products (works, services) , materials, fuel, energy, fixed assets, labor resources, as well as other costs for its production and sale.

But, in addition to the costs directly or indirectly caused by the production process, the enterprise also incurs direct costs that are not related to the production of products (works, services) and, as a rule, are not included in the cost price.

Types of cost

In the course of its activities, the enterprise makes material and monetary expenses for simple and expanded reproduction of fixed assets and working capital, production, idealization of products, social development of its teams, etc.

There are three types of costs based on the volume of costs taken into account:

1) workshop cost, which includes the costs of producing products within the workshop, in particular direct material costs for production, depreciation of workshop equipment, wages of the main production workers of the workshop, social contributions, costs of maintaining and operating workshop equipment, general workshop expenses;

2) production cost (cost finished products), in addition to the workshop cost, includes general plant expenses (administrative, managerial and general economic costs) and auxiliary production costs;

3) total cost, or cost of sold (shipped) products, is an indicator that combines the production cost of products (work, services) and the costs of its sale (commercial costs, non-production costs). Its actual definition at the enterprise is necessary for:

1) marketing research and making decisions on their basis to start producing a new product (providing a new type of service) at the lowest cost;

2) determining the degree of influence of individual cost items on the cost of products (works, services);

3) pricing;

4) correct determination of financial results of work, and, accordingly, taxation of profits. Thus, for enterprises that determine revenue from sales of products based on paid invoices, the total cost was the production cost plus some commercial expenses included in the cost of specific types of products (work, services) directly: transportation costs and packaging costs.

At the same time, all other commercial expenses were included in the cost of products sold, which were subject to attribution to the cost of products only at the time of their sale, i.e. payment. However, once it was established that for all purposes financial statements arises at the time of its shipment (performance of work, provision of services), the special allocation of these types of cost has lost its meaning, since the concepts of shipped and sold products began to coincide.

In addition, a distinction is made between planned and actual costs. Planned cost determined at the beginning of the planned year based on planned expenditure rates and other planned indicators for this period. Actual cost determined at the end of the reporting period based on accounting data on actual production costs.

Planned cost and actual cost are determined using the same methodology and using the same costing items, which is necessary for comparison and analysis of cost indicators.

13. Enterprise labor resources

Labor resources include that part of the population that has the necessary physical data, knowledge and labor skills in the relevant industry. A sufficient supply of enterprises with the necessary labor resources, their rational use, and a high level of labor productivity are of great importance for increasing production volumes and increasing production efficiency.

Personnel, or labor resources of an enterprise, is a set of employees of various professional and qualification groups employed at the enterprise and included in its payroll. The payroll includes all employees hired for work related to both the main and non-core activities.

Labor resources are classified according to participation in production activities:

1) group of industrial production personnel (PPP);

2) personnel of the non-production sphere of organizations that are part of this enterprise.

Group 1 includes workers who are directly involved in production processes, working in workshops, departments, laboratories, and research institutes.

The 2nd group includes those who service the infrastructure of the enterprise: warehouses, subsidiary farms, sports, and medical institutions.

The classification of PPP is made according to the nature of the operations.

1. Workers.

1.1. Basic.

1.2. Auxiliary.

Essential workers– employees of the enterprise who are directly involved in the manufacturing process of products. The degree of participation of all workers varies. Some workers are directly involved in the technological processes of manufacturing products that take place in the main workshops of the enterprise.

Auxiliary workers– workers engaged in servicing technological processes: transporting objects of labor, performing repair work, work on production preparation, equipment adjustment, etc.

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Introduction

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is one of the most attractive subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of investment. The predicted oil reserves of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug are 35-40 billion tons. Currently, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug produces about 6% of global oil production.

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (KhMAO) was founded in 1930 as Ostyak-Vogulsky national district since the second name of the Khanty people is Ostyaks, and Mansi are Voguls. But since “Vogul” in translation from the Komi language means “stranger”, and the Voguls themselves called themselves “Man-sya” (“little people”), at the request of this indigenous people they officially began to call them “Mansi”, and in 1940 The district was renamed Khanty-Mansiysk. In 1944 the district became part of Tyumen region, but until the end of the 1960s remained an underdeveloped part of this region. However, the development of huge oil fields gave rise to a new stage in the development of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. In 1977, the district received autonomous status, although management was still carried out from Tyumen. In 1993, the district became a full-fledged subject of the Russian Federation, while at the same time remaining an integral part of the Tyumen region.

The raw material orientation of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug determined the city-forming role of the oil production industry, which shapes, among other things, the production programs of organizations creating facilities for the oil industry, the movement cash flows and other processes. Therefore, fluctuations in world energy prices, investment activity, and hydrocarbon production affect the stability of the region’s construction industry, which is a derivative of the mining industry.

The purpose of the work is to study the economy of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Khanty Mansi economic investment

Chapter 1. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - the territory of oil

As you know, almost 90% of all-Russian oil production occurs in the Ural and Volga federal districts. This includes key oil-producing regions: Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Samara and Orenburg regions, Perm Territory and Udmurtia. In addition, the Komi Republic and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug play an increasingly important role in oil production. However, over the past 30 years, the most significant role in oil production has been played by only one subject of Russia - Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Moreover, it is not only the main oil and gas-bearing region of Russia, but also one of the largest oil-producing regions in the world. The district is one of the donor regions of Russia and is a leader in a number of key economic indicators: first place in oil production and second in gas production (see tables 1 and 2), first place in electricity production (see table 3), as well as volume industrial production, second place in terms of investment in fixed capital.

Oil production in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug began in 1964, when the Megionskoye, Trekhozerskoye and Ust-Balykskoye fields were put into trial production (annual oil production was 209 thousand tons, oil flow rate was 192 tons/day). In total, during the period of operation of these fields, about 220 million tons of oil were extracted from their depths, but to date, all three fields are severely depleted and provide less than 1% of the annual production in the district.

If we trace the history of the development of the oil and gas industry in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the next “milestone” in the history of the district’s fuel and energy complex is 1965 - the year of the creation of the Glavtyumenneftegaz company, which subsequently played a huge role in the development of the oil industry not only in the district, but also in Western Siberia generally. The company existed for exactly 25 years (until 1990). In the period 1965 - 1973. Hydrocarbon production volumes in the district were growing dynamically. In 1974, KhMAO reached a level of annual oil production exceeding 100 million tons/year, in 1977 - over 200 million tons/year, and in 1980 - over 300 million tons/year. In 1977, the first oil production associations were formed in the district: Nizhnevartovskneftegaz, Surgutneftegaz, Urayneftegaz, Yuganskneftegaz, which were then part of Glavtyumenneftegaz.

It was during this period (second half of the 70s - early 80s) that maximum value oil production has reached the majority of unique and largest fields (unique oil and gas fields - Samotlorskoye, Mamontovskoye, Fedorovskoye, Priobskoye; large fields - Talinskoye, Lyantorskoye, Yuzhno-Yagunskoye, Yuzhno-Surgutskoye, West Surgutskoye, Povkhovskoye, Aganskoye, Varieganskoye, Pokachevskoye, North-Varyeganskoe). During these years, almost 170 million meters of production footage were drilled throughout the district. During this period, 3.75 billion tons of oil were extracted from the subsoil of the district. The maximum annual oil production in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug reached 360 million tons in 1985 (which corresponded to 63% of oil production throughout Russia).

The maximum rate of withdrawal of initial industrial oil reserves from fields put into operation in 1983-1988. was approximately 3% per year, and of current recoverable reserves 3.7-4.5%. In 2005, these rates were 1.7 and 3.4%, in 2006 - 1.75 and 3.6%, respectively. Due to the introduction of highly productive reserves concentrated in powerful homogeneous reservoirs, the average oil flow rate at the largest fields was about 100 tons/day in 1970, 134 tons/day in 1975, and 90 tons/day in 1980. However, later, due to a sharp deterioration in the quality of newly introduced reserves and an increase in water cut in wells, by 1990 the average oil production rate decreased by almost 5 times - to 19 tons/day. The most difficult times were approaching for the fuel and energy complex of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

In 1991-2000, the district's oil production experienced a collapse in oil production to a minimum level of 164.7 million tons/year in 1996, that is, 2.2 times less than the previously reached maximum level. During the “crisis” 10 years, the total oil production in the district amounted to 1.9 billion tons (or 190 million tons/year), which was 1.8 times lower than the average annual oil production in previous periods. In 1999, 169.6 million tons of oil were produced in the district. In 2000, the painful transition to market relations was completed. The property was divided among major oil companies. Oil production increased slightly and amounted to 180.5 million tons/year. Then the revival began oil and gas industry Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, and in 2006 oil production reached a maximum of 275.6 million tons/year. At the same time, the volume of production drilling has more than doubled compared to the crisis year of 1999. The implementation of a large complex of geological and technical measures to intensify oil production and the use of intensive technologies led to a significant increase in well production rates, while the oil production rate of new wells doubled.

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is the main oil production region of the country. More than half of all oil in Russia is produced in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

The volume of oil extracted from the bowels of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra is 57% of all oil produced in the Russian Federation and 7.2% of world production. But the volume of gas is only about 4% of that produced in the Russian Federation.

The hydrocarbon resource potential of the district is significant. None of the other oil-producing regions of the country can compare with it now and is unlikely to do so in the future. According to the latest data, the total (explored and preliminary estimated) initial recoverable oil reserves in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug are about 20 billion tons. Of this, provisionally estimated reserves account for about 17%. From 1964 to January 2007, accumulated oil production in the district amounted to about 8.6 billion tons. And to date, just over half of the initial proven oil reserves have been extracted. Using these reserves (plus part of the C2 category reserves) another 70-80 thousand new wells can be drilled profitably in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug with a total drilling volume of 210-240 million m.

Thus, the subsoil of the district still has significant potential for further sustainable oil production.

However, it is important to note that despite still large reserves It will most likely not be possible to increase the rate of oil production in the district. Oil producing companies do not have any serious opportunities to further increase oil production in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug in the coming years. Almost all of them (except for opportunities to increase the volume of production drilling) were almost completely exhausted in previous years intensive oil production. And therefore, the growth rate of oil production in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug in last years decreased significantly.

So, in future periods, oil production in the district will most likely continue to decline at a slowly declining pace.

Of course, the entire world of Russian oil producing companies is represented in the “main oil granary” of our country.

In general, in 2014, oil and gas production in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug was carried out by 59 oil and gas producing enterprises. In recent years, the main increase in oil production has been achieved through specialized oil companies, whose production amounted to 270.4 million tons of oil (98.1% of total oil production in the Autonomous Okrug).

In terms of administrative districts of the Autonomous Okrug, the largest volume of oil recovered was obtained in the Surgut region - 41.5% of the total production in the district, Nizhnevartovsk region - 31.6%, Khanty-Mansiysk region - 11.6% and Nefteyugansk region - 11.1 %.

As of January 1, 2015, 278 fields are in operation, at 53 fields production exceeded 1 million tons of oil per year. Average daily oil production in 2013 amounted to 755 thousand tons (in 2012 - 734 thousand tons). In 2013, 8 new fields were put into development and trial operation: Novobystrinskoye (Surgutneftegaz); West Kotukhtinskoye (Lukoil); Arzhanovskoye, Ovalnoye, Vostochno-Golevoye (Russneft); Khanty-Mansiysk (CJSC Nazymskaya NGRE); Kayumovskoye (Krasnoleninskneftegaz LLC); Vadelypskoye (NC "Salym Petroleum Development N.V.").

As for hydrocarbon processing in the region, Lately it is gradually growing, although improving the quality of processing (that is, increasing the depth of processing) still requires time and investment.

It's no secret that Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is the largest donor federal budget, where up to 80% of taxes collected in the district go. However, even despite this ratio, there are enough funds in the region itself that allow the district to be one of the five subjects of Russia with the largest budget revenues.

In the consolidated budget of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug there is a very high share regional budget, that is, the regional government takes for itself more than 70% of all revenues of the district’s consolidated budget, while municipalities are left with less than 30% (the national average is 50/50). Almost all budget revenues seized from municipalities are then returned to them through the transfer system. On the one hand, such a financial “leapfrog” is quite illogical. But there is an explanation for this. The fact is that the district does not use a formalized redistribution procedure, and therefore the adoption of the regional budget for each year is accompanied by coordination, or more precisely, by bargaining for transfers to municipalities. This policy allows regional authorities to tightly control the behavior of municipalities divided between individual oil companies.

The main source of revenue in the consolidated budget in the district is tax revenue. These include deductions from federal taxes and fees, regional taxes, as well as debt and recalculations for canceled taxes and fees. In 2014, the share of this source in the total consolidated budget revenues was more than 80%. It should be noted that compared to 2012 total amount tax revenues in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug budget increased by almost 15%. One of the factors that determined this increase is the increase in the level of payment discipline of payers as a result of increased control over the timely payment of taxes by regulatory authorities.

As for the regional budget of the district, in terms of income the budget of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug in 2013 was executed in the amount of 97.51 billion rubles, which amounted to 100.8% of approved plan for a year. In terms of cash expenditures, the district budget in 2006 was executed in the amount of 105.04 billion rubles. The budget deficit of the Autonomous Okrug in terms of cash execution amounted to 7.54 billion rubles, with a planned deficit of 11.58 billion rubles.

Despite the fact that at the end of 2014 compared to same period In 2012, revenues to the budget of the Autonomous Okrug for corporate income tax increased significantly (by 7.7 million rubles) planned appointments in the amount of 58.8 million rubles were underfulfilled by 1.9 million rubles. This result was obtained due to a decrease in oil prices, from $70 per barrel in July to $55 in December 2014. Considering that the largest taxpayers of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug are enterprises of the fuel and energy complex, constituting almost 90% of all taxpayers of the Autonomous Okrug, the factor of world oil prices plays a large role in the formation of budget revenues.

Income tax individuals received into the budget of the Autonomous Okrug in the amount of 19.8 million rubles, which is 103% of the annual plan. The overfulfillment of the plan is due to the growth of wages and taxable income of the population. Thus, according to statistics, the increase in the average monthly salary of one employee in the Autonomous Okrug amounted to 117.5% compared to the corresponding period in 2013 versus 110% taken into account when forming the 2014 budget.

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is a single-industry region where more than 57% of Russian oil is produced, therefore the fuel industry dominates in the sectoral structure of the economy (almost 90% of GRP). But this situation does not please the district leadership at all. Recognizing the extreme dependence on oil, the authorities of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug are striving to diversify their economy. In this regard, we are now actively working on investment projects in other industries. According to the target, by 2025 the share of oil in GRP should be reduced to 50%.

At the moment, the problem of dependence of the district’s income on world oil prices is compounded by numerous social problems. The main ones are: huge income inequality, problems of youth employment after completion of education, problems of low-quality housing stock, as well as a shortage of places in preschool institutions and overcrowding of schools due to a shift in the priorities of the authorities’ investment policy towards more prestigious and status objects.

The most acute problem is the housing problem. The share of dilapidated housing is quite high (8%) and is at the level of the most underdeveloped autonomous okrugs and republics of the country; the problem of phenolic housing (built from poor quality building materials). The housing supply in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is 20% lower than the national average and amounts to only 16.7 sq. m per person, and in younger cities (Nyagan, Langepas, Pyt-Yakh), Beloyarsk and Nizhnevartovsk regions - 12-14 sq. m per person. At the same time, as noted above, large amounts of money are spent on high-status buildings, especially in Khanty-Mansiysk - cultural, sports centers, airport - which, even in the long term, will not be used at their planned capacity.

However, as they say, “not everything is so bad.” Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is the only example in Russia of an autonomous okrug that is economically more developed and has large numbers population compared to its “mother” territory (Tyumen region) - 1.5 million people in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug versus 1.3 million people in the Tyumen region (at the beginning of 2008). This situation arose only in the 1990s, when the oil-producing district was able to take advantage of independent disposal financial resources.

The volume of GRP of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is 8 times greater than that of the Tyumen region (without autonomous okrugs), 1.5 times higher than the GRP of the entire Far East and almost equal to the South federal district. But most of the produced product is redistributed by the federal center, so the actual final consumption of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug households is only 15% of GRP (the average for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is 61%). At the same time, investments in the development of the district’s economy are very large: in terms of the volume of investments in fixed assets, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is second only to the capital of the country, and almost 70% of investments come from private owners. In terms of industry, investments in industry dominate, since large oil companies are investing heavily to ensure growth in oil production.

As in all northern regions, the level of economic activity of the district's population is significantly higher than the national average. However, due to the single-industry nature of the economy, the labor market of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug reacts more strongly to any changes, both negative and positive. Since Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has already become a populated territory in which life is being seriously developed, it is urgently necessary for it to build up post-industrial functions to stabilize development. The structure of employment should change towards a service economy, the development of business and consumer services, otherwise, with new shocks in the world oil market, social problems in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug will be much more acute than in the country as a whole.

First of all, in projects to diversify the district's economy, it is planned to develop a mining cluster, since in addition to oil, the subsoil of the district is extremely rich in a variety of solid minerals. Thus, on the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug there are deposits of ultra-pure quartz sand (which serves as raw material for the production of semiconductors), and the largest industrial reserves of coal (650 million tons), iron ore (550 million tons), chrome ores (15 million tons), are also confirmed here. copper ores (20 million tons), there are significant volumes of bauxite, manganese, gold, uranium and other minerals.

Next promising direction in the diversification of the economy of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is the petrochemical industry - after all, the region produces large volumes oil, and it would be logical to process at least some of the raw materials in the region. At the moment, there are two projects - the construction of a plant for the production of high-quality road bitumen (capacity of more than 100 thousand tons of bitumen per year) based on the Vanyegan heavy oil field, as well as the construction of a gas processing plant (in the Surgut area) for processing associated gas into methanol. Another direction of diversification of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug economy is timber industry complex- the construction of a large pulp and paper mill is planned in the region; in addition, smaller wood processing enterprises are also being developed. And, finally, another important direction in the development of the economy of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is innovation and, in particular, the development of information and space technologies. The Ugra Research Institute of Information Technologies is most active in this area.

As for projects directly in the field of oil production, following the optimistic forecasts of the KhMAO government, production in the region will grow in the coming years. This is, of course, encouraging, but there are also unresolved issues. For example, as with existing conditions(when all serious levers of influence on shaping the further dynamics of oil production in the district have by now been largely exhausted) achieve the predicted results? Indeed, for this it is necessary, firstly, to maintain the volumes of production drilling achieved in 2006 in the whole of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, significantly increasing them at the new largest fields (Priobskoye, Yuzhno-Priobskoye, Tailakovskoye, Prirazlomnoye, Salym group and others). Secondly, improve the use of drilled wells. Because if, for example, in OJSC “Surgutneftegas” at the end of 2013 there were more than 12 working wells per idle well, then in LLC “LUKOIL-Western Siberia” it was 6.5, and in “TNK-BP Management” (in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug) - only 1.4 wells.

In general, the share of idle wells in the district should be increased to 10% (now, for example, in the fields of TNK-BP Management it exceeds 40%). It is also important to launch a mechanism for transferring deposits from the unallocated subsoil fund in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug to subsoil users. This will allow about 800 million tons of oil reserves to be put into circulation. It is also important to include tax law Russia amendments that actually stimulate the commissioning of new, undrilled reserves in the old developed oil-producing regions of the country, which specifically includes the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Chapter 2. Investment attractiveness KHMAO

According to agency analysts, internal regional product Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is the second largest in the country, and although less than 1% of Russians live here, its share in the national domestic gross product exceeds 6%. In 2002, industrial production volumes increased by 6.8%, exceeding the Russian average of 3.7%. The main growth factor is the excess " oil money"due to high oil prices.

Development of energy, oil refining, forestry and food industries, mechanical engineering and production of building materials - priority areas development and investment for Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

In 2014 the volume capital investments districts decreased to 6-7% of total investment in Russian economy. The reason is the abolition of income tax benefits. The volume of investments in fixed capital of enterprises and organizations of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug in 2014 amounted to 150 billion rubles, which is 15.7% less than in 2013.

The decline in investment activity in the region is associated with a sharp decrease in investment in the oil production industry, which is the leading industry for Ugra. In 2014, the volume of investments of large oil producing companies decreased on average by 15-40% due to the cancellation investment benefits, as well as the redistribution of financial resources of subsidiaries to parent companies located outside the district.

The lion's share of the total volume of financial injections went to the oil industry. Despite a significant 40 percent increase in foreign investment in 2014, it accounted for less than 6 percent of the total and is not an important source of investment.

Standard & Poor's analysts believe that Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug's growing economy, conservative management and financial flexibility should help offset possible financial constraints that could be caused by further redistribution of tax contributions and ongoing oil market fluctuations.

The Ugra authorities are primarily trying to expand the tax base, thereby increasing the flow of funds into consolidated budget. The main goals of the district's investment policy are the development of industries that are alternative to the oil and gas production complex, and ensuring employment for the population of the region.

The government of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is interested in attracting both domestic and foreign investment into the region's economy. However, Western investors are afraid to go into Russian regions because of "bureaucratic traps". Therefore, the regional government and Duma deputies in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug are actively working to create a legal framework for investors.

The basis of the investment legislation of the Autonomous Okrug is the law “On Support investment activities state authorities of the Autonomous Okrug on the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug."

This document is aimed at developing investment activity in the district by increasing the interest of local enterprises in the production of goods and services while actively attracting domestic as well as foreign material, financial resources and new technologies. It defines various shapes support for investment entities:

provision tax benefits for taxes within the limits of amounts credited to the budget of the Autonomous Okrug, the territorial road fund of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug for the payback period of the investment project,

provision investment loans at the expense of the development budget of the Autonomous Okrug,

provision of investment tax credit,

provision of sureties and guarantees from the District Government,

provision of real estate, technical equipment and other property of the Autonomous Okrug for investment activities,

repayment to holders of investment projects of part of the interest on investment bank loans at the expense of the district budget,

direct investment from the district budget.

All subjects of investment activity have equal rights and conditions to carry out their activities.

In practice, these procedures have not yet been fully developed. There is a controversial issue regarding compensation of interest on attracted credit resources. It is unclear whether such compensation will be free of charge or whether the money invested by the administration must be returned after a certain time.

An unusual form of support for investment projects for other regions of Russia is the direct financing introduced in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, the purchase of company shares. The pharmaceutical plant "Ugra-Pharm", purchased in Tyumen, stood unfinished for more than 10 years, waiting for an investor. The government of the Autonomous Okrug bought the entire stake and invested funds to complete construction and purchase equipment.

Governor of the Autonomous Okrug Alexander Filipenko outlined the most serious problems of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. In connection with the introduction Tax Code the volume of investments in the economy of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has decreased. As a result, the pace of development of new fields is decreasing. In order to maintain oil production at the current level of 240 - 260 million tons, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug needs to annually absorb up to 5.5 billion dollars of investment. In general, according to the governor, the district needs up to $10 billion annually to develop the entire oil cluster. Investments are needed not only to maintain high level oil production, but also for the development of industries such as oil refining, gas chemical, energy and wood processing industries. Another problem is the crisis of oil overproduction.

Broad government trade interventions (for early northern deliveries and sowing campaigns), as well as the construction of a motor fuel production plant in the district, could help cope with the overproduction of oil. In order to prevent oil workers from using only the “loin parts of the fields,” it is necessary to return to the scheme of differentiated taxation, depending on the quality of the well.

According to the director of the Institute of Oil and Gas Geology of the SB RAS, Academician Alexei Kontorovich, two tasks are extremely relevant for the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug as an oil-bearing territory. The first is deeper oil refining and complete displacement of fuel oil from heat and power generation. Increasing the refining depth from the current 69% to the 90-95% accepted in the West will allow Russia to save up to 47 million tons of oil per year. The second is the problem of “extra” residents. In the near future, they will inevitably become victims of the oil companies' struggle to increase labor productivity. An increase in labor productivity in the oil industry will lead to the fact that the population of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug will have to decrease from the current 1,424 thousand people to 980 thousand, since it will not be possible to employ 400 thousand people in the forestry, mining and road construction industries. Both problems can only be solved with new federal programs and laws.

In the first case - up to increasing requirements for the quality of petroleum products and the efficiency of cars. In the second - up to the mass relocation of a quarter of the residents of Ugra to the south of the Tyumen region and Altai.

The main condition for effectively attracting investment to the district and minimizing the risks of foreign and Russian investors is fundamental changes in legislative framework and reform of the country's judicial system. The government of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is developing proposals for insuring investors' risks.

The region's well-thought-out investment policy creates a favorable climate for investors. And this is bearing fruit today. Currently, 190 enterprises with foreign investment, 20 representative offices foreign companies. North American companies are showing particular interest in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.

For the transition of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug economy to a path of sustainable development, it is important for domestic enterprises to carry out measures that are adequate to the changing conditions of their economic activity and contribute to increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of production. In practice, significant difficulties arise when planning activities in this direction. As a result, activities that are not properly linked to each other are subject to “double counting”, which distorts the actual results of their implementation, the continuity of plans, and a conservative approach to their formation leads to the accumulation of mistakes of past years and, as a result, they do not adequately reflect what is happening and expected changes in internal and external environment oil and gas transport.

In the context of radical reform of the economy and changes in the geopolitical position of Russia, a well-thought-out state transport policy is needed that takes into account the characteristics of transport and its role in the course of economic and social processes. At the same time, due to the great inertia of the transport system associated with high capital intensity, long construction and reconstruction periods of large transport facilities and the creation of new types of technical means, tasks in the field of transport should be considered not only for the near future, but also for longer periods.

Conclusion

Thus, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug has almost all the conditions for further development- both raw materials (various ones at that), and projects for the extraction and processing of these raw materials, and, most importantly, the desire of the district leadership to finally get out of the “oil and gas rut” by diversifying its economy. So now, as they say, “the only thing left to do is to implement our plans, that is, to still transform the region’s economy into a diversified one and thus less dependent on world oil prices. Based on economic conditions and the priority of development in the region, four oil regions can be distinguished: Central (Priobsky), Northern, Eastern and Southern.

The central region occupies the territory in the middle reaches of the Ob River, the area is 250 thousand square meters. km. 90% of the industrial oil reserves of Western Siberia are concentrated here. The largest oil fields include: Samotlorskoye, Federovskoye, Salymskoye, Zapadno-Surgutskoye, Mamontovskoye, Sovetskoye, etc. The oil of the Middle Ob region is of high quality. It is distinguished by its lightness, low sulfur content, gives a high yield of light fractions and contains a relatively large amount of associated gas, which is a valuable chemical raw material.

Oil deposits at depths of up to 3 thousand m. In soft, but stable, easily drillable rocks they differ significantly, and in a number of deposits they have an exceptionally high concentration. This explains the incomparable efficiency of oil exploration and oil production compared to other oil regions of the country. The cost of oil production in Western Siberia is the lowest in Russia; in terms of equivalent fuel (7000 kcal), in general it is 4 times lower than the cost of coal production, worker productivity in oil production (in equivalent fuel) is almost 10 times higher than in coal mining.

List of used literature

1. Bakulin V.V., Kozin V.V. Geography of the Tyumen region. Ekaterinburg: Middle-Ural. book publishing house, 2015. - 240 p.

2. Kochnev A.V. Oil industry: state and trends. // Oil, gas and business. - 2015. - No. 5. - pp. 33-37.

3. Regional economy. / Ed. T.G. Morozova et al. - M.: UNITI, 2014. - 472 p.

4. Shmarov A.I. The Russian oil complex and its role in the reproduction process. M.: NORM, 2015. - 218 p.

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1. The composition of the national economic complex of Russia. The main directions of development of the national economic complex of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra

The economy is a single industry complex; it consists of spheres of industries and sectors of the economy. The sphere of economics is material production and non-material production.

Sectors of the economy are groups of enterprises that characterize homogeneous products, etc.

Intersectoral complexes

Sectors of the economy 4th sector;

1. household sector

2. industrial sector; financial payment banks; non-financial companies provide services

3. sector of government institutions judicial, legislative

4. external sector non-residents, military bases, consulates.

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, oil and gas complex, construction industry, forestry, communications, trade, housing and communal services.

The national economy consists of elements of spheres, spheres and branches and sectors of the economy.

Sphere - from the point of view of participation of national income of social production is divided into two large spheres of material production and intangible production

– Material production– refers to industry, trade, agriculture, transport, communications (Not all) sphere serving production.

– Intangible production – the sphere includes housing and communal services, education, culture, art, science, support and organized management.

The economic sphere is divided into specialized industries.

An industry is a group of qualitatively homogeneous households. the assessment is characterized by special conditions…. in the system of social labor of homogeneous products performing the general function of the national economy.

To meet growing needs, there is a combination of various subsectors both within the industry and subsectors in other industries, which leads to inter-industry complexes.

Inter-industry complex - characterized by interactions in various industries and their elements at various stages of production and its product.

Sectors of the economy are the constituent elements of the national economy, the complex can be grouped according to various characteristics of the economic sector.

A sector is understood as a set of instructional units with initial economic goals and behavioral functions.

1) household sector – includes consuming units i.e.……

2) industrial sector - financial payments, and non-financial payments.

3) financial subsector – covers subsectors engaged in financial intermediation

4) the non-financial subsector sector – unites subsectors engaged in the production of goods and services for the purpose of profit.

5) Government agencies is a set of legislative, executive and judicial bodies of social security funds.

6) The external sector is a collection of…….

2. Entrepreneurial activity of the enterprise. Supporting entrepreneurship and developing competition in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra

Entrepreneurs are householders. subjects of the function who are implementers of new conduct and implementation of new combinations.

Entrepreneurship refers to activities carried out by private individuals, enterprises or individuals in the production and provision of services.

- independence and uncertainty

– economic interest

- household risk and responsibility

Conditions for the function of entrepreneurship;

– economic conditions– market infrastructure is being formed for normal business activities

– infrastructure is a set of organizations with the help of which entrepreneurs can engage in mutual relations and conduct commercial operations.

– social conditions– the desire of buyers to purchase goods that meet tastes and fashion.

– legal environment – ​​the presence of laws regulating business activities that create favorable conditions for its development.

1. The need to protect firms from each other to prevent unfair competition.

2. The need to protect consumers from unscrupulous producers.

3. The need to protect the highest interests of society from the tirelessness of entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurial activity is formed by ideas and developed without a legal entity.

Entrepreneurs without the formation of a legal entity - carried out by private entrepreneurs who have passed state registration.

A legal entity is an organization that has ownership, economic management or operational management of separate property, is responsible for obligations, can be a plaintiff and is liable in court.

Legal entities characterized by signs;

1. the property is separated independently from the balance sheet of a commercial enterprise or from an independent estimate from a non-commercial subdivision.

2. independent property liability.

3. independent speech in civil circulation.

4. organizational unity, the presence of a stable structure enshrined in the constituent documents.

5. Having a bank account.

6. presence of a seal.

Support for business activities of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra

Entrepreneurship Development Fund

Trade policy defends the interests of business and establishes mutual relations.

3. Property and capital of the enterprise

S/p property is the material and non-material elements used in production activities.

Property subdivision – separation of property of its founders and participants and employees

The composition of the property will be determined by tangible property and non-material elements.

Material substances - buildings, machines, finished products, cash, land.

Not material elements - they are created in the process of life of activity: the reputation of the company, the circle of regular customers, the name of the company and the use of trademarks, the qualifications of personnel, patented production methods, know-how, contracts.

Enterprise capital

There is a distinction between real capital – it exists in the form of means...

Monetary form of money.

Funds supporting the activities of the subsector are usually divided into own and borrowed funds. Own capital is the value of the property owned by the owner.

Borrowed capital - attracted in the form of financial assistance loans, amounts received on collateral, etc., external sources for a specific period, for a certain period, for some reason.

The minimum amount of the established capital of a closed joint-stock company is 100 times the minimum wage, while for an open joint-stock company it is 1000 times the minimum wage.

Capital is money put into circulation and generating income from this circulation.

The circulation of money is carried out by investing in entrepreneurial transfers in court, transferring for rent.

Entrepreneurial capital – investments in various sub-sectors in direct and portfolio investments.

Judicial capital is monetary capital presented in court on the terms of urgency, payment and repayment.

Structural capital consists of funds that are used to form fixed assets, intangible assets of working capital, and circulation funds.

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Nizhnevartovsk

Introduction……………………………………………………..…………. 3

1. Foundation and development of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug…………………………………….………… 4

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………….….. 12

List of used literature……………………………………………………………. 13
Introduction

Located in the central part of the West Siberian Lowland, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug currently represents a large administrative-territorial entity, which is a subject of the Federation and the most important region of the Russian North in many demographic and economic parameters.

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug ranks first in the country in oil production, second in electricity generation, per capita industrial production, investment in fixed assets, third in gas production, etc. The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug accounts for approximately a tenth of tax revenues to the all-Russian budget.

It is no coincidence that in the minds of many Russians, the concepts “Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug” and “oil” are synonymous. But this idea also has a negative side - it seems that in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug “life began” only after the discovery of oil reserves and, accordingly, after their devastation everything will become a useless, deserted, swampy area. This one-sided view is not only erroneous, it is even dangerous, causing people to become predatory towards everything that comes into their field of vision.

But the first traces of human habitation date back to the Middle Stone Age; people lived here, farmed, putting enormous labor into the development of these lands.

To understand why we are here, why we have all this and how we can manage this wealth, it would be nice to look back in time, because whoever does not know his history has no future.

Foundation and development of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

The historical name of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is Ugra.

The first written message about the people living “in the midnight countries” was recorded in the “Tale of Bygone Years” in 1096. The chronicle tells about the unknown people of the Ugrians - (Ostyaks (Khanty), Voguls (Mansi) - which the Russian pioneers encountered. The story also mentions for the first time the neighbors of the Yugrichi - the Samoyeds (Nenets). The 12th - 13th centuries are noted in the chronicles by fairly frequent campaigns of the Novgorodians in Ugra for collecting tribute - furs of sables, ermines, arctic foxes and squirrels.The demand for expensive furs in Russia did not dry up.

Siberia was finally annexed to the Moscow state after the legendary campaign of Ermak Timofeevich. Having defeated Khan Kuchum in the fall of 1582 and occupied the capital of the Siberian Khanate Isker, Ermak at the end of winter 1583 sent a small detachment of Cossacks down the Irtysh. The detachment, led by the Pentecostal Bogdan Bryazga (according to other sources, ataman Nikita Pan), having passed through the lands of the Kondinsko-Pelym Voguls, approached the “walls” of the Samarov town. Caught by a sudden attack by the Cossacks, the Ostyaks retreated. The prince of the Belogorsk principality, Samar, was also killed.

A little later, after the death of Ermak, in the fall of 1585, the Cossacks, under the leadership of governor Ivan Mansurov, founded the first Russian fortified settlement - the Ob town - at the mouth of the Irtysh on the right bank of the Ob. Thus, the Mansi and Khanty lands became part of the Russian state, which was finally consolidated in 1592 with the founding of the cities of Pelym, Berezov, and in 1594 - Surgut.

The towns that appeared in the Ob North began to serve as places of trade. On the busiest routes, special stations for changing horses - “pits” - appeared. In 1637, two pits were built - Demyansky and Samarovsky (now Khanty-Mansiysk).

In order to establish new orders and economic development of the richest natural resources region, by decree of Peter I in 1708, the Siberian province was established (it included the cities of Berezov and Surgut). In 1775, by decree of Catherine II, the Tobolsk province was created.

The history of the region has cemented its reputation as a place of exile for state criminals. In the Berezovsky district, Prince Dmitry Romodanovsky served his sentence, in 1742 - Count Andrei Osterman, in 1798 - a large family of princes Dolgorukov. In the land of Berezovskaya lie the ashes of Prince Menshikov and his daughter Maria, who were exiled to these places. After the events on Senate Square, the Decembrists served their exile here.

Administrative management and the performance of judicial functions among the peoples of the North was carried out on the basis of Speransky’s charter “On the management of foreigners of Siberia,” approved in 1822.

The nature of the economy of the Ob-Irtysh North at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. was determined both by the peculiarities of natural and climatic conditions and by the relatively low population density. The main means of communication was river transport. Began in the middle of the 19th century. The traffic of steamships became more and more intense. In 1859, 7 steamships sailed along the Ob and Irtysh, in 1904 - 107, and in 1913 - already 220.

In 1909, a telegraph line was laid in Samarovo, and in 1913 it reached Berezov and Surgut.

The industry of the Ob-Irtysh North was represented by several semi-handicraft fish canning establishments. Agricultural production in northern conditions was limited to vegetable growing and livestock raising. The main occupation of the northerners was fishing, hunting animals and birds, collecting pine nuts, mushrooms and berries.

In 1918, the Tobolsk province was renamed Tyumen, the provincial center was moved to Tyumen. In 1923, provinces, districts, and volosts were abolished. The Ural region, the Tobolsk district and the districts: Berezovsky, Surgutsky, Samarovsky, Kondinsky were formed.

On December 10, 1930, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee adopted a resolution “On the organization of national associations in areas of settlement of small nationalities of the North.” The resolution provided for the creation of 8 national districts, including Ostyak-Vogulsky (Khanty-Mansiysk).

In connection with the abolition of the Tobolsk district, the composition and boundaries of the Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets national districts were clarified. Included Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug The following districts were formed: Berezovsky (the center of the rural settlement of Berezovo), Mikoyanovsky (the center of Kodinskoye), Kondinsky (the center of Nakhrachi), Samarovsky (the center of Samarovo), Surgutsky (the center of the rural settlement of Surgut), Laryaksky (the center of Laryak).

The Khanty-Mansiysk National Okrug received autonomous status in 1977.

In 1993, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug received the status of a full subject of the Russian Federation in accordance with Article 65 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

In accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated July 25, 2003 No. 841, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug was renamed the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra.

On September 21, 1953, the Berezovskaya reference well (Berezovo is a village in the north of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug) produced a powerful fountain of natural gas. Since that time, the development of the great West Siberian oil and gas province has been counted.

This event radically changed the face of Ugra - the territory where Russia's oil rivers are born.

The history of the development of Ugra after its discovery big oil can be divided into three stages of unequal duration.

The first is the period of primary development and increase in hydrocarbon production. A period of ambitious projects that had no analogues in the world, records that boggle the imagination - the discovery of Samotlor, reaching a production level of 1 million tons of oil per day, laying oil pipelines and roads through impassable swamps, building cities where they had never existed, and etc.

During these years, dozens of industries and ministries of the country operated in Ugra, all of whose efforts were aimed at finding and extracting more oil, lay more pipelines, etc., etc. At the same time, issues of maintaining ecological balance in the fragile natural environment of the North of Siberia, as a rule, were not taken into account. “Industries, like wolves, are tearing apart the unified fabric of Siberia,” ECO magazine wrote at that time about the situation in the North of Western Siberia.

This was a difficult period in the life of the indigenous population of Ugra, especially the aborigines - the small peoples of the North living in this territory.

In the early 90s, the second period of development of the district began. It became an independent subject of the Russian Federation - as part of the Tyumen region. Changes in Russian legislation have made it possible to accumulate significant financial resources in the district and direct them to the implementation of projects and programs developed by the government and adopted by the Duma of the Autonomous Okrug. The socio-economic sphere of Ugra began to develop rapidly, making up for opportunities lost over many decades.

The Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, which celebrated the production of its eight-billionth ton of oil in September 2004, has entered the third period of development associated with the redistribution of part of the financial resources to the federal and regional budgets and part of the powers to the level of the Tyumen region.

The fundamental task for the regional authorities has become the correct setting of priorities. The government has determined that the main task of its activities is to improve the standard of living of the population and create conditions so that people do not feel inferior.

The essence (and complexity) of the problem is that for a long time our people were forced to disadvantage themselves in everything - in terms of housing, social and living conditions. Meanwhile, over the years of development of the territory of the Autonomous Okrug, the number of people living here has increased tenfold, and their needs have increased.

Taking all this into account, the main directions have been formulated social development territories that are still being implemented.

The district has developed a whole network of sports facilities, and a number of programs are being implemented to work with indigenous peoples.

A big feature of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug is:

· stable position of sectors of the social sphere of life, especially social protection of the population, its medical care, as well as the construction of social facilities and provision of housing for the population of the district.

Problems and prospects

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is a single-industry region where more than 57% of Russian oil is produced, therefore the fuel industry dominates in the sectoral structure of the economy (almost 90% of GRP). But this situation does not please the district leadership at all. Recognizing the extreme dependence on oil, the authorities of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug are striving to diversify their economy. In this regard, investment projects in other industries are now being actively developed. According to the target, by 2025 the share of oil in GRP should be reduced to 50%.

At the moment, numerous social problems are added to the problem of the district's income being dependent on world oil prices. The main ones are: huge income inequality, problems of youth employment after completion of education, problems of low-quality housing stock, as well as a shortage of places in preschool institutions and overcrowding of schools due to a shift in the priorities of the authorities’ investment policy towards more prestigious and status objects.

The most acute problem is the housing problem. The share of dilapidated housing is quite high (8%) and is at the level of the most underdeveloped autonomous okrugs and republics of the country; the problem of phenolic housing (built from low-quality building materials) has not been resolved. The housing supply in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is 20% lower than the national average and amounts to only 16.7 sq. m per person, and in younger cities (Nyagan, Langepas, Pyt-Yakh), Beloyarsky and Nizhnevartovsk regions - 12–14 sq. m per person. At the same time, as noted above, large amounts of money are spent on high-status buildings, especially in Khanty-Mansiysk - cultural, sports centers, airport - which, even in the long term, will not be used to their planned capacity.

However, as they say, “not everything is so bad.” KHMAO is the only example of an autonomous okrug in Russia, economically more developed and having a larger population compared to its “mother” territory (Tyumen region) - 1.5 million people in KHMAO versus 1.3 million people in the Tyumen region (in beginning of 2006). This situation arose only in the 1990s, when the oil-producing district was able to take advantage of independent management of financial resources. The volume of GRP of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is 8 times greater than that of the Tyumen region (without autonomous okrugs), 1.5 times higher than the GRP of the entire Far East and almost equal to the Southern Federal District. But most of the produced product is redistributed by the federal center, so the actual final consumption of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug households is only 15% of GRP (the average for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is 61%). At the same time, investments in the development of the district’s economy are very large: in terms of the volume of investments in fixed assets, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is second only to the capital of the country, and almost 70% of investments come from private owners. Industry-wise, industrial investment dominates, as large oil companies invest heavily to ensure growth in oil production.

As in all northern regions, the level of economic activity of the district's population is significantly higher than the national average. However, due to the single-industry nature of the economy, the labor market of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug reacts more strongly to any changes, both negative and positive. Since Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has already become a populated territory in which life is being seriously developed, it is urgently necessary for it to build up post-industrial functions to stabilize development. The structure of employment must change towards a service economy, the development of business and consumer services, otherwise, with new shocks in the global oil market, social problems in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug will be much more acute than in the country as a whole.

First of all, in projects to diversify the district's economy, it is planned to develop a mining cluster, since in addition to oil, the subsoil of the district is extremely rich in a variety of solid minerals. Thus, on the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug there are deposits of ultra-pure quartz sand (which serves as raw material for the production of semiconductors), and the largest industrial reserves of coal (650 million tons), iron ore (550 million tons), chrome ores (15 million tons), are also confirmed here. copper ores (20 million tons), there are significant volumes of bauxite, manganese, gold, uranium and other minerals.

The next promising direction in diversifying the economy of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is the petrochemical industry - after all, large volumes of oil are produced in the region, and it would be logical to process at least part of the raw materials in the region. At the moment, there are two projects - the construction of a plant for the production of high-quality road bitumen (capacity of more than 100 thousand tons of bitumen per year) on the basis of the Vanyegan heavy oil field, as well as the construction of a gas processing plant (in the Surgut area) for processing associated gas into methanol. Another direction of diversification of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug’s economy is the timber industry - the construction of a large pulp and paper mill is planned in the region, in addition to which smaller wood processing enterprises are also being developed. And finally, another important area of ​​development of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug’s economy is innovation and, in particular, the development of information and space technologies. The Ugra Research Institute of Information Technologies is most active in this area.

As for projects directly in the field of oil production, following the optimistic forecasts of the KhMAO government, production in the region will grow in the coming years. This is, of course, encouraging, but there are also unresolved issues. For example, how can we achieve the predicted results under the current conditions (when all serious levers of influence on shaping the further dynamics of oil production in the district have by now been largely exhausted)? Indeed, for this it is necessary, firstly, to maintain the volumes of production drilling achieved in 2006 in the whole of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, significantly increasing them at the new largest fields (Priobskoye, Yuzhno-Priobskoye, Tailakovskoye, Prirazlomnoye, Salym group and others). Secondly, improve the use of drilled wells. Because if, for example, in OJSC “Surgutneftegas” at the end of 2006 there were more than 12 working wells per idle well, then in LLC “LUKOIL-Western Siberia” it was 6.5, and in “TNK-BP Management” (in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug) - only 1.4 wells. In general, the share of idle wells in the district should be increased to 10% (now, for example, in the fields of TNK-BP Management it exceeds 40%). It is also important to launch a mechanism for transferring deposits from the unallocated subsoil fund in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug to subsoil users. This will allow about 800 million tons of oil reserves to be put into circulation. It is also important to introduce amendments to Russian tax legislation that will actually stimulate the commissioning of new, undrilled reserves in the old developed oil-producing regions of the country, which specifically includes the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Export of liquid hydrocarbons will remain in the near future the main source of foreign trade foreign exchange earnings and, therefore, the main source of financing for Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

On the one hand, this is a source of economic leadership of the territory, and on the other hand, it concentrates the overwhelming majority of all available material, financial, labor resources, deforms economic system region and is experiencing the uncontrollable influence of world market conditions. An undoubted threat is the increase in the share of the fuel and raw materials sector, the formation economic model, based on the export of fuel and raw materials and the import of equipment, food and consumer goods, which could lead to the conquest of the Russian domestic market by foreign firms.

Other sectors of specialization are represented mainly by enterprises at the initial stage of the technological cycle and occupy an insignificant place in the structure of the district’s economy. The inconsistency of the current situation and the uncertainty of development prospects for the main sectors of economic specialization significantly limits the development possibilities of the district

Conclusion

Thus, the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug has almost all the conditions for further development - both raw materials (and diverse ones), and projects for the extraction and processing of these raw materials, and, most importantly, the desire of the district leadership to finally get out of the “oil and gas rut” by diversify its economy. So now, as they say, “the only thing left to do is to implement our plans, that is, to still transform the region’s economy into a diversified one and thus less dependent on world oil prices.

List of used literature .

1. All-Russian Economic Journal "ECO" No. 12, 2004

2. “Concept of National Security of the Russian Federation”, approved by Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation of December 17, 1997 No. 1300 and of January 10, 2000 No. 24

3. Kryuchina L.I. Trends, problems and development prospects