It is regulated in detail by the state; the subsidy can be spent only in one of the targeted areas provided for by law. In this case, the certificate holder will not receive funds in cash (with the exception of building a private house on his own), since all calculations are carried out by employees of the Pension Fund Russian Federation, the owner of the certificate in this case acts as an intermediary and manager, determining the direction of expenditure of funds.

Federal law provides for several areas for the use of capital, each of them has its own characteristics and requires the preparation of a number of documents for disposal.

Getting an education

The state subsidy can be used for children to receive education at any relevant institution in the Russian Federation. In this case, the age of the child for whose education the capital or part of it will be allocated must not exceed twenty-five years. Since November 2011, it has been possible to use maternity capital not only to pay for education, but also to support children in educational institutions, which include:

• Kindergartens.
• Institutions providing the basic general education program for preschool education.
• Establishments selling educational programs primary general, general secondary and basic general education.

An educational institution must have accreditation and a license to conduct educational activities. The state subsidy can only be used for those children who are already three years old. To send funds maternity capital for education, parents must submit an application to the Pension Fund, informing its employees of their intention to pay for their child’s education. The following documents must be attached to the application:

• Applicant's passport.
• Maternity capital certificate.
• Agreement for the provision of paid educational services.
• License of an educational institution.
• Certificate of state accreditation of an educational institution.

Maternity capital funds will be transferred to the institution's current account in a single payment.

Improvement living conditions

Residential premises purchased by a family with state subsidies must be located on the territory of the Russian Federation. According to statistics, the majority of married couples (about 75%) take advantage of the state opportunity to pay off an existing mortgage or purchase their own home, using maternity capital as a down payment or to repay part of the debt.

It does not matter whether the apartment is purchased on the secondary market or in a new building, but it is necessary to take into account that using maternity capital for a down payment on a mortgage or for purchasing building materials when constructing a private house, it is possible only after the child for whom the subsidy has been received reaches the age of three years.

There is only one exception to general rule: if at the time of registration of maternity capital a mortgage has already been taken out, then the received capital can be used for an extraordinary payment. In practice, there are often cases when families take out a mortgage just for the total amount of maternity capital, for example, if the family sells old apartment and buys a new one, with a larger area. The difference in price can be covered by a subsidy, actually paid at public expense.

To purchase an apartment with a mortgage using maternity capital, parents need to take the following steps:

• Contact the bank branch and find out if they work there social program"Maternal capital".
• Make a certificate and find suitable housing, formalize with a notary an obligation to allocate a share in the purchased property to the child in the future.
• After receiving the certificate and completing the search for living space, you must submit documents to the bank (the package of documents should be checked with a loan specialist).
• Wait for the bank’s approval, after which you can start applying for a mortgage for the apartment.
• After receiving financial resources, purchase housing and register ownership of it (minimum for one parent and two children).
• Submit documents for the apartment, an agreement with the bank and a payment schedule to the Pension Fund.

The Pension Fund will pay the bank branch one month after checking all submitted papers. When buying a private house or part of a home, the algorithm is similar. If a family needs to use maternity capital to pay for an already issued mortgage, then they simply need to submit all of the above documents to the Pension Fund branch.

In this case, it is necessary to take into account an important nuance: maternity capital can be used to repay only the principal debt and interest, and parents must pay fines and penalties themselves.

Housing construction and restoration

According to changes made to the Federal Law in 2010, maternity capital can be used for the construction or reconstruction of housing. If the family plans to build a private house, then there are 2 options:

• The family builds a house on their own.
• Specialists are involved in construction work (team contract).

In any case, a package of the following documents must be submitted to the Pension Fund branch:

• A notarized obligation to allocate a share in the house to the children.
• Construction permit.
• Certificate of registration of land rights.
• Agreement with builders (if available).

Pension Fund will pay off construction team by cashless payment. If the family builds a house themselves, then it can receive 50% of the maternity capital or a smaller amount at the initial stage of construction, the remaining amount only after six months, upon submitting documents confirming the construction work. The residential premises are designed in common property children and parents, and the size of the shares must be determined by agreement.

Formation of the funded part of the mother’s pension

This opportunity is provided only to those mothers who have given birth to a second or more child. In order to send cash for the funded part of the pension, you must submit an application to the Pension Fund and inform about your intention to voluntarily enter into legal relations under mandatory pension insurance to pay additional insurance premiums for the funded part of the labor pension.

After this, a second application is submitted, which informs about the order material means, which go to form the savings part.

Main nuances

It is possible to repay the mortgage debt using maternity capital even in cases where the loan is issued to a spouse. A government subsidy can even pay off credit debt, taken before the birth of the second child.

Housing repairs, as such, cannot be carried out at the expense of maternity capital. But it is possible to reconstruct and repair housing if expansion of the area is a prerequisite.

This requirement does not apply to apartments, so usually a private house is rebuilt at the expense of maternity capital: a floor, an adjacent room or a veranda is added.

The package of documents that are submitted to the Pension Fund is similar to the package for construction.

A family may be denied maternity capital for the following reasons:

• The right to provide additional measures of state support has expired.
• The application for the disposal of maternity capital was drawn up with violations.
• Direction of order financial means not provided for by Federal Law.
• The application for disposal of maternity capital indicates sum of money, which exceeds the full amount of funds.
• Social guardianship authorities took the child away while the case of deprivation of parental rights was being considered.
• The child's mother has been deprived of parental rights; the restriction on receiving maternity capital is in effect until the mother is granted parental rights.

Rules for applying for maternity capital

To dispose of maternity capital funds, you must submit an application for disposal to the Pension Fund at your place of residence, in which you should indicate the amount of funds that the applicant wishes to use to repay the principal debt and pay interest (the application can be sent by mail).

The following documents must be submitted along with the application:

• SNILS.
• Certificate.
• Copy of the agreement.
• A copy of the mortgage agreement.
• Identity documents of the person who is entitled to the certificate and all relatives living with him, as well as their place of stay.
• Certificate of state registration of ownership of housing purchased on credit using capital funds.
• A copy of the financial personal account and the original extract from the house register.
• A certificate from the bank with the amount of the balance of the principal debt, as well as the debt for interest payments.
• If the common property is not registered, it is necessary to submit an application with an obligation to register the housing as the property of all family members.

If the application is drawn up in accordance with all the rules, then the Pension Fund employees transfer the funds to the current account of the bank branch, which must occur no later than two months after a positive decision is made.

Having received the right to maternity capital from the state, many Russian families are thinking about how to effectively and competently manage their funds. After all, you can use it once in a lifetime and the list of what to use the money for is limited.

Maternity capital is a federal-level program that has been operating in the country since the beginning of 2007 and is in great demand. Families raising two or more children can take advantage of it. Moreover, according to the rules, the second child should be born between 2007 and 2018.

You can receive maternity capital at any time after the birth of your second child

To get help, you should go to the Pension Fund office in your region and provide the following list of documents:

• a completed application form from parents;
• birth certificates for each child;
• applicant's passport;
• adoption certificate.

You can submit an application in different ways:

• by going to the Foundation branch in person;
• through a proxy;
• send by mail.

Pension Fund officials take an average of a month to process an application. During this time, he checks whether all the data corresponds to reality and makes a positive or negative decision. The right to own maternal capital is confirmed by a personal certificate state standard, which is invalid without presentation of the owner’s passport.

Over the entire period that the program has been in effect, more than 7.5 million families have already taken advantage of it. Initially they paid 250 thousand rubles. As a result annual indexation this amount has now almost doubled - to 453 thousand. At the same time, starting from 2016, the amount of payments is no longer indexed. Therefore, despite inflation, the amount will remain at the current level until the end of the program.

Basic rules for the use of maternity capital (MC):

• One family can take advantage of the right to state subsidies provided for federal program, just one time.
• You can apply for help at any time convenient for parents. Whether you do this immediately after the birth of the child or later, it makes no difference.
• The benefit is given to the parents and not to the child personally.
• The funds issued can be distributed for various purposes. For example, spend part on housing reconstruction, and set aside another for education.
• Capital is not taxed.

Let's take as an example large family. The first baby appeared in it in 2002, the second in 2008, the third child was born in 2014. Parents learned about the program in 2015 and decided to take advantage of it. Having turned to the Fund for help, they specify that they will receive it specifically for their second child. However, when submitting documents, they bring birth certificates for all children, including the youngest. Important nuance. IN in this case You can use the allocated funds immediately, since the child has long since turned three years old.

Please note that you will not receive maternity capital in cash. The Fund transfers funds exclusively through non-cash payments to the accounts of banking institutions, construction organizations, property owners from whom you are purchasing a house or apartment.

According to the law, you can spend the funds only after your second child is 3 years old. This measure is aimed at ensuring that dysfunctional families do not use it for personal gain, and that the money actually goes towards improving their material well-being and raising the level of education. It is also believed that during this time, family members will be able to finally decide what is most profitable for them to use the allocated funds for.

Is it possible to use maternity capital for up to 3 years?

In the first years after the adoption of the program, there were no exceptions to the rules - the family received the right to manage money only after the child’s 3rd birthday. However, the realities of life have made their own adjustments, since money is often needed much earlier. First of all, we are talking about young families whose living conditions leave much to be desired. Many of them either rent housing or live in cramped apartments with their parents.

Thus, today there are several situations when funds can be used ahead of schedule. In particular, the state allows state subsidies to be sent to:

• to repay an existing housing loan;
• to pay for a loan issued for the construction of housing or its reconstruction;
• to make a down payment on a mortgage.

If we talk about a loan, then with the help of the benefit you can repay both the main part and the interest. But fines for late payments cannot be paid with this money.

How to use maternity capital in 2017

Once you have received the certificate, it is important to use it effectively, because this opportunity will not arise again. The state provides the following options for using funds:

• improvement of existing living conditions;
• repayment of loans and payments on loans;
• payment for education;
• pension savings.

It is not for nothing that improvement of living conditions is in the first place, since with the birth of a second child this issue becomes especially acute. Each family approaches the decision differently. Some buy a ready-made apartment, others build a house from scratch on their own or with the help of construction organizations, and others reconstruct existing housing. Let's look at each of these types next.

We use MK to buy an apartment or house

Buying an apartment and immediately moving into it is the least troublesome and labor-intensive option. However, keep in mind that not every property will be able to be purchased, since in this case the state imposes strict requirements on the object of purchase:

• the property must be located in the Russian Federation;
• it must be a fully habitable space.

Buying an apartment without a mortgage is a responsible decision, and therefore the Fund’s employees personally check the condition of the purchased property. And if they come to the conclusion that the children in the house will be uncomfortable, the deal may not take place. Therefore, the buildings are in disrepair and require major renovation, there is no point in considering it initially. And here geographical location the building does not matter. You can buy a house with the benefit both in the city and in the village.

You can only purchase premises that are completely habitable with maternity capital.

The fund may even approve the option of purchasing a room in a communal apartment. Often, officials give consent to the purchase of a second apartment if the family already owns one. The main condition for this is that housing is registered for all children. In addition, such an apartment must be located in a city area with equivalent conditions. For example, the first one is located in the center, which means there is no point in looking at the second apartment on the outskirts.

After everything Required documents submitted, the Fund takes about 2 months to decide on financing the purchase. Therefore, this point should be taken into account immediately so that there are no disagreements with the real estate seller. If the apartment owner does not agree to wait that long, you can take out a loan and then pay the funds to the bank from the state benefit.

Maternity capital for building a house

If buying real estate is not suitable for various reasons, an option is to build a house from scratch. Previously, it was a prerequisite to involve professional builders in the process. But then the state realized that it was more profitable for many to build a house on their own, and in 2010 it agreed.

True, in this case, maternity capital for construction is issued in parts - this is important to take into account in order to correctly distribute the budget. First, parents receive half the amount, with which they must rebuild the frame of their future home in six months. If this condition is met, the remaining 50% is received after 6 months.

Although construction with a contractor will be more expensive, it will save time and nerves. In addition, you will be confident in the quality of the constructed housing. On average, the process of constructing a small frame or aerated concrete house will take from two to 5 months. Alternatively, you can entrust such important stages of construction as laying the foundation and erecting walls to professionals, and do the rest of the work yourself.

The state can return the money spent on construction retroactively. The main thing is to document all expenses for purchasing materials and paying workers. To do this, be sure to save all receipts, receipts, and invoices. An important nuance is that you be compensated for the funds construction works must be carried out after the beginning of 2007.

Before you start building, you should resolve all problematic issues with the land plot on which you will build the house. It must be issued in accordance with all the rules and belong to you. Please note that you will not be able to spend maternity capital on acquiring land - the program does not provide for such an opportunity. Money for land will have to be looked for elsewhere. Alternatively, the plot can be rented or a right of inheritance can be issued for it.

The list of papers that you will need when applying to the Pension Fund in this case is extensive:

• birth certificates of your children and passports of adults;
• marriage certificate;
• permission from relevant organizations for construction;
• right to own land;
• bank details where the money will be transferred;
• the obligation that upon completion of construction the house will be registered in the name of all members.

Once your application is approved, the money will be transferred to your bank account construction company or to your personal one.

How to use maternity capital to buy a home on credit

In addition to the direct purchase or construction of a house, the benefit can be used to pay off a mortgage or take out a loan against it. It is worth considering that this does not include consumer loans and not all banks are ready to work with maternity capital. Large financial organizations, such as Sberbank, VTB 24, and Bank of Moscow, are mainly accommodating to families with two or more children. Some of them also offer more profitable terms for the purchase of housing in new buildings or during the construction of turnkey houses. Standard requirements for borrowers:

• have an impeccable credit history;
• confirm the presence of a permanent income with relevant certificates;
• stable work. In particular, the length of service in the current position is from 6 months to 3 years (depending on the requirements of the financial organization).

Let's give an example. 10 years ago, the family took out an apartment on a mortgage and pays an n-th amount monthly. A few months ago, their second child was born and they had a chance to use a certificate for maternity capital. With the allocated funds, they have the right to repay the loan at least partially and reduce interest rates.

To use capital to pay off a mortgage, you must provide the Fund with the following documents:

• mortgage agreement;
• a certificate from the bank indicating the balance of the debt and accrued interest;
• document confirming ownership of property.

An important condition when purchasing or building housing is that the property must be registered in the name of all family members without exception. This applies to both husband and wife, and every child, including adopted ones. An agreement on the allocation of shares to family members must be formalized accordingly within 6 months after purchasing the property.

Many certificate holders are concerned about the question of whether it is possible to purchase a garden house in SNT with maternity capital. The law does not provide for this possibility. However, in some cases, parents manage to obtain the consent of officials and spend money on a dacha after fulfilling a number of requirements. To do this, the building must receive the status of a habitable house with full conditions. The dacha must have a personal address; you can register and live in it all year round without compromising your health. All communications must be connected to the house, such as electricity, sewerage, and water supply. In winter, the room must be heated.

Is it possible to use MK for home renovation?

The bill provides exclusively for a radical improvement of living conditions. Replacing wooden windows with plastic ones, insulating the floor, making suspended ceilings or remodeling, and even changing plumbing do not apply to this case. Therefore, it will not be possible to spend money on home repairs. This will be considered a misuse of funds and the transfer of money to the account will not be approved.

Another thing is the reconstruction of existing housing. Here you can already have a conversation with officials about the allocation of benefits. In particular, this includes:

• increasing ceiling heights;
• expansion of the area, including the construction of an additional floor in a private house;
• converting an attic space into an attic.

In other words, this is a radical transformation of the technical parameters of the premises, and for most such work permissions from the relevant authorities must be obtained. In addition, the house must first be registered in the name of all family members without exception, otherwise officials will refuse to provide benefits for reconstruction.

You can pay for higher education with maternity capital, as well as classes in clubs or accommodation in a dormitory

A good education can be the key to a successful future for children, and therefore it is not without reason that the state provided for its financing in a separate clause in the bill. According to the requirements, the benefit for a child’s education can be used between the ages of 3 and 25. And this is not only higher education. You can pay using allocated funds:

• study in highly specialized schools - art, music;
• all kinds of mugs;
• accommodation in a hostel.

This also includes payment for kindergarten. Moreover, it makes no difference whether we are talking about a public or private institution. It is also not regulated which child's education the money should be spent on - it could be the second, the first or the third. The bad news is that you won’t be able to use maternity capital to finance your studies at one of the European or American universities.

Contribution towards mother's pension

Although experts call this option a forward-thinking option, it is considered the least popular among certificate holders. Over the years, only a few have used it. There are several reasons. Many certificate holders need money today to solve pressing problems. Others are afraid of losing some of their funds as a result of rising inflation. However, if the benefit is transferred to the management of non-state pension funds, which invest the received funds profitably, there is a chance, on the contrary, to increase the capital by an order of magnitude.

What can you buy with maternity capital?

You can only directly purchase an apartment with benefits, as discussed above. It's been stormy for a long time state level The possibility of using the allocated funds to purchase a domestically produced car was discussed. However, the law allowing this has not yet been adopted. The main arguments against:

• Soon after purchasing the car, you can sell it in order to get money in your hands and then use it for other purposes.
• Having a car will not improve a family's well-being in the same way that housing or education will.

However, there is some good news. Since the beginning of 2016, the state has made it possible to use the benefit for adaptation into society and social rehabilitation of disabled children. In particular, you can use your maternity capital to buy the necessary technical equipment, such as special motorized beds, treadmills with speech output, exercise equipment to enhance movement, and bicycles for patients with cerebral palsy.

In addition, there is the so-called regional maternity capital, which is issued at the regional or municipal level and is managed by local authorities. Its size is significantly smaller than the federal one and also varies depending on the region. On average, amounts start from 30 thousand and sometimes reach 300,000 rubles.

At the same time, opportunities to use regional funds an order of magnitude more. For example, with the help of such programs, you can already buy a car six months after the birth of a child (for example, the Novosibirsk and Kaliningrad regions), buy furniture or household appliances, or a computer.

Often it is possible to redirect the benefit for the treatment of a child in specialized medical institutions using high-tech methods. For example, in the Komi Republic, a family has the right to annual payments in the amount of 25 thousand rubles for sanatorium treatment. For many parents, this is very important, since federal officials allow federal money to be used exclusively for the rehabilitation of children with special needs. In addition, in some regions funds are allocated not only for the second, but also for the third child. Big minus - they work similar programs not in all areas.

Thus, in Kaliningrad, parents have the right to receive 100 thousand rubles to improve the material well-being of the family. IN Ivanovo region this amount is 50 thousand and you can spend it without restrictions. In Mordovia, after the birth of the third and fourth child, 123,000 and 148,000 rubles will be given, respectively, to expand living space or finance studies.

To obtain a certificate for regional maternity capital, you need to contact the local branch of the authorities social protection population. This can be done not only by parents, but also by trusted persons. There are no time or deadlines for document processing. And their consideration on average takes from 3 to 4 weeks.

According to statistics, families spend maternity capital:

• to improve living conditions - 70-80%;
• for children's education - 15-25%;
• for pension accumulation - 3-5%.

Also, according to statistics, 48% of Russians who have a certificate have spent their maternity capital in full. 2% - partially. At the same time, 50% of certificate holders never took advantage of the opportunity provided and did not submit an application to the Pension Fund at all.

Many are afraid of the difficulty of obtaining funds, others have no problems with housing, and still others are not attracted by the opportunity to use funds for pension savings or education. However, do not forget that according to the adopted bill, the program will operate until the end of 2018. It is not known whether it will be extended further. Therefore, while this opportunity still exists, it is worth taking advantage of it.

One-time payment of maternity capital

The bill initially did not even mention giving certificate holders money in cash. This approach was later revised. In 2009 and 2010, it was possible to officially cash out 12 thousand rubles. Starting from the summer of 2015 and until the spring of 2016, everyone was paid a one-time payment of 20 thousand rubles. To do this, you had to go to the Pension Fund branch and write a corresponding application. Then the payments stopped, but the height of the crisis forced officials to resume them again. Until November 2016, 25 thousand rubles were already given out in cash. At the same time, there is no need to report to officials on how the funds received are spent.

Maternity capital and fraud

Where there is money, there are always those who want to profit from it in any way. During the existence of the program, numerous schemes have been developed that allow you to use capital for personal needs. Often people who are not entitled to it have tried to obtain a certificate. There are known facts of illegal cash withdrawals. For example, parents are offered help with withdrawing money for a certain percentage. However, having received their share, the scammers simply disappear.

Attempts were made to purchase real estate from relatives or friends and, upon receipt of money in the account, divide it among themselves. Often officials who make the decision to issue MK are involved in scams. A large field of activity for fraud opened up when certificate holders interacted with microfinance organizations. Therefore, starting from 2015, operations with them were banned.

In order not to lose money and effectively manage benefits, experts give the following advice on using maternity capital:

• Do not interact with dubious financial organizations about which there is no complete information in official sources.
• Do not conduct any transactions bypassing the Pension Fund.
• Do not trust dubious offers to cash out funds for interest.

How to get benefits for the father of a child

It is not for nothing that maternity capital has such a name, because it is given out mainly to mothers. However, there are situations when government funding The father can also apply. There are several options:

• The child’s mother has lost her right to maternity capital; in this case, it goes to the father automatically and regardless of whether he has Russian citizenship.
• The child's mother died.
• The man adopted a second child after January 2017, and at the same time he is a citizen of the Russian Federation.

To receive capital, the child’s father must contact the local branch of the Pension Fund and, in addition to the documents listed at the beginning of the article, also provide, depending on the situation, a court decision on depriving the mother of parental rights or a certificate of her death.

The father can spend the capital he receives on all of the above-mentioned cases, such as improving housing conditions and educating his children. The only exception is funded pension. This opportunity is available only to women.

How to use mat capital to purchase housing and other needs? What is the period and procedure for using maternity capital funds? Is it possible to use family capital without waiting 3 years?

Hello, dear readers of the HeatherBeaver online magazine. Welcome to the site's regular expert, Eduard Stembolsky.

We continue our series of publications about maternity capital. Subject of this article– competent, efficient and profitable use of funds secured by a state certificate for family capital.

Let's start, friends!

1. General procedure for using maternity capital - terms, conditions, rules and documents

The state incentive program for families with two or more children has been in effect since 2007. Initially, the amount of maternity capital (MC) was 250 thousand rubles, currently its size (thanks to annual indexation) is 453 thousand.

The main goal of the program is to increase the birth rate in the country and stimulate natural increase population. You can receive a certificate for family capital immediately after the birth (adoption) of a second (or subsequent) child, but you can use the funds (with the exception of certain situations) only after the baby’s third birthday.

The amount is not given to parents or children after they come of age: it is not cash, but a kind of financial asset, which can only be used on specific needs. The list of such needs is limited by law.

A few important facts regarding the use of MK:

• one family can receive benefits only once (with the exception of regional programs, according to which you can receive capital again after the birth of your fourth or fifth child);
• You can apply to the Pension Fund of Russia (PFR) at any time after the birth of your 2nd (or subsequent) child;
• a change in the amount of capital due to indexation is not a reason to replace an already received certificate;
• The benefit is given to the management of the parents, not the child.

Certificates are issued by the Pension Fund. This structure also deals with all decisions regarding intended use funds. More precisely, the Pension Fund gives consent or refusal to proposals from families to use public funds.

Families in which a second baby has appeared can contact immediately after this event regional office Fund at the place of stay or residence.

There are 3 options for submitting an application:

1. Personally.
2. Through a trusted person.
3. By mail (including email).

Women who gave birth or adopted children after January 1, 2007, men who are adoptive parents or sole parents have the right to own a certificate.

To obtain a certificate you need the following documents:

• a written application;
• applicant's passport;
• birth certificates of all children in the family;
• court order on adoption.

The application is reviewed by the Fund within a month (during this time, employees carry out a standard legal check), after which a decision is made to grant the right to benefits. If the applicant cannot come to receive the document in person, it will be sent to him by mail.

Please note some nuances: capital is issued only for children born (adopted) after 01/01/2007. However, in the “children” column you must indicate all children, including those born before this date.

Example

The mother gave birth to 3 children - in 2004, 2007 and 2015. When applying for a certificate in 2017, she needs to indicate that the benefit should be issued in connection with the birth of a second child. However, the application must include all children, including the youngest.

In this case, the family will be able to use the funds immediately after the certificate is issued, since 3 years have passed since the birth of the second baby.

The certificate itself is security bearer: it is not valid without an identity document. The form has several degrees of protection, but the paper itself, without confirming information in a single state register has no value.

What I mean is that falsifying a document is pointless - only those who have the legal right to do so can gain access to funds secured by a certificate. Nevertheless, maternity capital scams do occur: I will talk about them in a separate section of our article.

Important news on the topic:

President Putin proposed extending the maternity program until 2022. Additionally, he proposed introducing a number of changes to its implementation.

Now families who need it will be able to receive maternity capital funds already in the first 1.5 years after the birth of a child - in the form monthly payments in the amount of about 10,000 rubles.

In addition, families can use maternity capital to care for a child during the preschool period, paying for the services of private kindergartens and nurseries.

News video on this topic:

2. Is it possible to use mat capital for up to 3 years?

Current legislation states that it is possible to obtain the right to use funds secured by a certificate only after the child reaches three years old.

At first there were no exceptions to this rule, but practice has shown that for many families it is not practical to wait three years, since money is often needed right now, and not in the near future.

This is especially true for families who do not have their own home or live in a cramped apartment with two or more children. Governmental support It is especially important in the first years of the life of the second or next child, and not after three years.

For this reason, the state accommodated young families and allowed in some situations the use of maternity capital for up to 3 years.

Early use of money is possible in the following cases:

• if you need to repay an existing housing loan;
• if you need to make a down payment on your mortgage;
• if you need to pay off a loan received for housing construction or reconstruction.

You can repay both the principal amount of the loan and interest with your mother’s money. But pay penalties and fines for late payments state assets forbidden.

In all cases, the decision to transfer finances to bank accounts is made by the Pension Fund. Sometimes employees of this institution refuse to use capital early - for example, if they suspect certificate holders of misappropriation of funds.

3. How to use maternity capital in 2018 - TOP 5 popular ways

Deciding to use family money, parents should carefully consider all the pros and cons, since they will not be able to receive government subsidies a second time.

Families who have a difficult housing situation - nowhere to live, overcrowding, inappropriate living conditions - do not have to think much about it. Money needs to be spent on purchasing real estate or building (reconstructing) a house.

If there are no problems with living space, you should think about the education of your children: investing in a child’s development is the most profitable and promising type of investment.

Let us consider in more detail all types of treatment of family capital.

Method 1. Buying an apartment (house)

If the family already has its own savings, but they are not enough to buy an apartment, you can supplement the required amount from maternity capital funds.

According to statistics, purchasing real estate is the most popular and relevant option for using public funds. Matkapital is used both for a one-time purchase of an apartment and for purchasing housing with the help of a loan.

Not all housing can be purchased with government assets.

Requirements for real estate objects are strictly regulated:

• apartments and houses purchased with maternal capital funds must be located in Russia;
• housing should not be dilapidated and unsafe;
• the property must have the status of a full-fledged residential property.

The transfer of money to the seller’s account occurs only after a positive response from the Pension Fund on the expenditure of funds and the execution of a purchase and sale act in Rosreestr ( Federal service state registration).

To protect the interests of children Pension Fund employees are required to personally check the purchased housing for compliance established by law requirements. If they feel that the house or apartment is unsuitable for children to live in, they may refuse to finance the transaction.

Please note a few important facts:

1. When purchasing housing, registration is made for all family members(usually dad, mom, 2 children).
2. It is not necessary to use the entire amount of capital– part of the funds can be left for other purposes.
3. The decision to transfer funds is made by the Fund within 2 months– be sure to calculate the time frame for purchasing a home in advance to avoid conflicts and misunderstandings with the seller.
4. Purchase with maternity capital land forbidden- You will have to buy land with your own funds.

In fact, the housing is taken out either in installments (if the seller agrees to wait for the transfer of funds), or the buyer takes out a loan and transfers the money to the former owner apartments, and pays the debt to the bank from maternal capital.

All the details about purchasing private housing with state benefits are in the article “”.

Method 2. Improving living conditions - reconstruction and construction

Another way to improve your living conditions is to build a house yourself or with the help of contractors. Parental assets can also be used for these purposes.

Previously, it was possible to build houses with family money only with the involvement of professional construction organizations. However, practice has shown that it is more profitable for many families to build housing on their own, calculating the timing of the work and purchasing building materials on their own.

You can request money for construction from the Pension Fund in advance or reimburse the costs retroactively (if you want to build a house before your child reaches three years of age). In the latter case, it is important to keep all receipts and documentary evidence of your expenses.

Funds for the construction of a house are issued in 2 stages. First, 50% of the requested funds are transferred, and six months later the second half is credited to the account. An important condition is that within 6 months you must lay the foundation, build the walls and roof of the future house.

I have already described its use in detail in one of the previous articles.

Now about housing reconstruction. This term refers to an actual change in the technical characteristics of an apartment in order to increase their efficiency and functionality.

In other words, traditional home repairs - changing plumbing, laying parquet, installing plastic windows and suspended ceilings - will have to be paid for public funds will not work.

What about reconstruction?

• increasing the area or number of floors of housing;
• changing the technical characteristics of the room (for example, turning an attic into an attic);
• full update load-bearing structures– in particular, increasing the height of ceilings in the house.

All work to change the characteristics of a building is pre-approved by the relevant institutions.

Method 3. Loans, credits and mortgages under capital

With the help of maternity capital you can deposit an initial fee on the loan and repay the main part of it. Before contacting the bank about loans under microfinance, you should obtain permission to use government subsidies from the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.

Only when the Fund’s employees give the go-ahead should it be worth negotiating with financial institutions about issuing a loan. You will not be able to use the funds yourself, bypassing the Pension Fund.

The fund allows the use of money only for the purpose of improving housing conditions. Taking consumer loans secured by maternal capital is prohibited, although in some regions of the Russian Federation this practice occurs.

IN large banks You can get a mortgage using capital. This money is used as a down payment or a way to reduce your monthly payments. To repay the mortgage, it is allowed to use funds up to 3 years of age.

Example

The Petrov family has a mortgage debt for 20 years. 10 years after the start of payments, they have a child. Immediately after receiving the certificate, parents have the right to redirect funds to repay the loan or reduce interest rate on mortgage.

For a positive decision on issuing loans secured by MK, borrowers must have fixed income, stable job and clean credit history.

Method 4. Payment for education

Education means not only studying at a university, but also any other training and development programs. You can spend funds on education from 3 to 25 years, using government assistance as needed.

The most popular areas for using maternal capital:

• payment for kindergartens;
• payment for clubs, music and art schools;
• training in higher and secondary educational institutions;
• accommodation of students in a dormitory.

Public and private work with MK educational institutions. The main condition is that they must be located on the territory of the Russian Federation. Unfortunately, it will not be possible to pay for tuition at a European university with state support.

Method 5. Transfer of funds towards pension

Experts believe that directing funds to accumulate a mother’s pension is a profitable and far-sighted decision. Although only a few of the total number of certificate holders use this method, the prospects for this option are quite numerous.

Firstly, this money is invested in general pension savings, which means it is included in circulation and increases interest on income.

If you direct these finances to a non-state Pension Fund, you have a chance of a significant increase in funds, since such organizations are engaged not only in storing, but also in investing this money in profitable financial instruments with little risk.

You also have the right to change your mind at any time and withdraw funds from the NPF along with the accumulated interest.

For clarity, I combined all the options for using MK in a comparison table

№	Methods of use	Advantages	Flaws
1	Buying a house	New housing at a reduced price	Not all developers work with maternity capital
2	Reconstruction and construction	Opportunity to radically improve living conditions using public money	Complex circuit documentation procedures
3	Loans and credits	You can make a down payment or repay existing loans	Not all banks issue loans against mat capital
4	Payment for education	Can be used at any time from 3 to 25 years	Not all institutions work with family state assets
5	Pension contribution	It is possible to increase the amount of capital in private non-state companies	Risk of losing part of your funds due to inflation

4. Allocation of shares of children and husband when using mat capital - legal advice

Many certificate holders are concerned about an important question - how to allocate the shares of the husband and children when using maternal capital to purchase real estate.

When purchasing an apartment or house, including the husband and all children in the list of owners of the property is a mandatory condition.

Loan agreements for the purchase of housing are often drawn up by both parents - they are co-borrowers and home owners.

However, Pension Fund employees will not issue permission to use the funds without a written commitment from the parents to include all existing children (including adopted children) among the owners of the purchased apartment.

An agreement on the allocation of shares can be drawn up at a notary or independently. This must be done no later than six months after purchasing a home or purchasing it on credit.

If such a procedure has not been carried out, all subsequent transactions with housing will be considered illegal, as well as the very ownership of a house or apartment. The specific sizes of shares are not stipulated by law: the main thing is that all children are allocated their share of housing.

5. Fraud and scams with mat capital - how to avoid deception

Although MK is not “real” cash, there are plenty of hunters to profit from it. There are dozens of fraudulent schemes developed by swindlers in order to use maternity capital for their own purposes.

Main scam options:

• illegal withdrawal of capital;
• obtaining a certificate by people who are not entitled to it;
• real estate scams: acquisition of non-existent housing, fictitious sales contracts, sale of construction shares purchased with capital;
• scams of officials who have access to the disposal of assets.

The simplest scheme is direct deception of certificate holders. Criminals promise to “help with cashing out” funds for a certain percentage, but after taking a commission, they disappear without a trace.

Operations with maternity capital through microfinance organizations offered good prospects for fraudsters. However, since 2015, microfinance organizations have been officially prohibited from working with maternity capital.

Maternity capital can be used to pay off the mortgage debt before the child turns three years old. It is only necessary to convince the Pension Fund of the targeted spending of the money borrowed from the bank. To do this, the parent needs to provide an agreement with the bank, documents for the purchased housing and some other papers. For attempting to deceive the state, you can be imprisoned for 10 years and pay a fine of up to 1,000,000 rubles.

By general rule parents only 3 years after the birth of the child. However, there are exceptions to this rule. Knowing about them, the family will be able to solve some pressing problems without waiting for a 3-year period.

Options for early use of “maternity” payment

The use of maternity capital funds until 3 years after the birth of a child was introduced shortly after the program began to operate. Lawmakers made concessions, realizing that sometimes the three-year wait for a federal payment is a heavy burden for parents. Families have been allowed to dispose of maternity capital ahead of schedule since 2009, allowing them to pay off mortgage loans immediately after the birth of the baby.

Below is a list of special cases in which allocated funds can be spent ahead of schedule, has been expanded. Parents have the right to use maternity capital until the child is 3 years old for the following needs:

• to pay interest and principal mortgage debt, if the family took out a loan for construction or purchase of housing;
• for the purchase of auxiliary and adaptation aids for a disabled child;
• for the services of specialists who help a disabled child adapt to society.

Down payment on mortgage

Improving housing conditions is one of the areas on which citizens have the right to spend state capital. To solve this problem, parents often have to take out a mortgage. Banks, dividing the loan over many years, demand that part of it be repaid immediately. As a rule, it ranges from 10 to 30% total amount. A young family often does not have such a substantial amount available, and then maternity capital will become a great help for it.

Attention! Banks do not always agree to issue loans, knowing that they will be partially covered by maternal capital. This is due, in particular, to the fact that it takes quite a long time for the Pension Fund to transfer money - about 2 months after the conclusion of the agreement. Sometimes not available in banks credit programs, allowing you to accept the first payment using maternity capital.

Mortgage repayment

Experts say that this is the most popular option for spending maternity capital - 95% of families partially or fully pay off their mortgage.

By taking out a mortgage on real estate, the parent will receive ownership of it. However, in the documentation of Rosreestr a note will be made that the housing is given to him under bank collateral. To remove the encumbrance, the borrower must completely close the loan. Before this, he will not be able to dispose of the house or apartment at his own discretion.

The loan for an apartment is repaid with maternal payments as follows:

• Having chosen a bank, the parent submits an application and attaches the necessary documents;
• The application is processed within 2-7 days;
• If the answer is positive, the search for suitable housing begins;
• documents for an apartment (room, house) are provided to the bank;
• agreement with the parent loan agreement;
• the bank issues money;
• the real estate sale transaction is registered, after which the parent pays the seller;
• the owner of the family capital applies to the Pension Fund with an application for disposal of the allocated funds, attaching banking and housing documents;
• The Pension Fund reviews the application within 30 days, and if officials do not see any violations, then the amount of maternity capital specified by the parent is transferred to the bank.

At positive decision The pension department receives money to the financial institution within 2 months after the parent submits an application to the Pension Fund. When is part repaid? mortgage loan, then the bank draws up a new payment schedule for the borrower.

The law prohibits spending maternity capital:

• for payment bank fines arising due to late loan payments;
• on penalties that were formed for the same reason.

Important! Banks do not have the right to refuse a parent to repay an already taken out mortgage loan with maternity capital. Such a refusal should be appealed in court.

Banks often offer clients more high interest rates on a mortgage when they find out that they are going to cover part of the debt with maternity capital.

The disadvantages of paying off a mortgage using this payment are described in the video:

Construction of a house using loan funds

Family capital is allowed to be used ahead of schedule to build a house if a loan was issued for this purpose. The pension fund will cover it (partially or partially) in full) “maternity” payment, if the certificate holder documents that the money borrowed from the bank was spent on housing construction. This right has been available to family citizens since the beginning of 2016.

The house can be built by the family's own efforts or by hired builders.

Targeted loan for housing

Parents do not have to borrow money for housing from the bank. Matkapital can be used to pay off debts to other organizations that lend funds legally: pawnshops, credit consumer cooperatives, etc.

One caveat has been made regarding credit consumer cooperatives: they must pass state registration 3 years (at least) before the money is lent to the parent.

However, take targeted loans in such organizations it is less profitable than in banks, since they are issued at high interest rates.

One-time payment

Last year, part of the family capital could be obtained in “real” money. In 2015, parents could.

A bill on such a one-time payment in 2017 is also being considered by the Government and deputies. There was even a proposal from the LDPR faction to increase its size to 50,000 rubles. However, until now the law on one-time cashing out of maternity capital this year was not adopted by legislators.

Documents required for transfer of maternity capital

To receive “maternal” money without waiting for a 3-year period, a citizen must contact the Pension Fund. There, in addition to his passport and certificate of family capital, he presents:

• target loan/credit agreement concluded with a bank or other financial institution(copy, but have the original with you);
• mortgage agreement which passed through (copy with original);
• a certificate provided by a bank (or other organization), which indicates cash balance, which the borrower is obliged to return to the lender;
• a written undertaking by the owner of the certificate that within six months after the housing becomes his property, he will re-register it in the name of all members of his family (each of them will receive their share);
• a certificate/extract from Rosreestr confirming that he owns a house or residential premises - if a resale property was purchased with a loan, or new flat, which has already been put into operation (copy with the original).

If the money was borrowed for unfinished housing, then, instead of a certificate (extract) of ownership of the object, the citizen provides other documents to the Pension Fund.

The specified documents are attached to the parent’s application, in which he asks to dispose of the family capital belonging to him in a certain way.

. The document is current as of August 2017.

You should obtain a receipt from the Pension Fund stating that the application and documents were accepted, indicating the date of this event. Officials make a positive or negative decision within 30 days.

What you can’t spend maternity capital on up to 3 years

Until a child reaches three years of age, the law seriously restricts the mother (or father) of the child in the disposal of maternal capital. It cannot be directed:

• teaching one of the children raised in the family;
• for the purchase, construction or reconstruction of housing directly (without involving a bank or other financial institutions);

Also, the Pension Fund will not transfer money as payment consumer loan, even if it was spent on the solution housing problems families. The credit (loan) must be targeted, that is, the agreement with the financial institution must state that the loan is used for the purchase/construction/reconstruction of a residential premises or house.

The law does not allow parents to use maternity capital if the loan was issued by a microfinance organization. This restriction was introduced in March 2015.

Responsibility for illegal use of maternal capital

Despite numerous criminal trials involving fraudulent parents and their accomplices, abuses of maternity capital continue to this day. Although the main illegal schemes are well known to law enforcement agencies:

• the certificate received from the state is sold to another person - at par or cheaper;
• deliberately false papers and information are provided to the Pension Fund;
• older, cheaper housing is purchased than indicated in the documents;
• non-existent real estate is purchased from an imaginary seller (using fictitious documentation);
• housing using maternal capital is purchased from close relatives, who continue to live in “their” apartment, returning part of the funds in cash.

In addition, there are many offers on the Internet to cash out payments through intermediary companies. These schemes are not only risky for greedy parents, who could be left homeless and financially homeless, but are also completely illegal. Possible frauds with maternity capital are described in the information video:

If a civil court recognizes a transaction involving maternity capital as imaginary, it will be terminated, and the federal payment will be returned to the state. If the recipient has already managed to dispose of it, he will have to return the money from own funds. In this case, the bank commission for remittance.

Criminal cases are often initiated against enterprising businessmen under Art. 159.2 of the Criminal Code - for fraud in receiving payments. This special offense was introduced at the end of 2012. Since then, for such fraud you can be imprisoned for as long as 10 years and pay a fine of up to 1 million rubles.

Table 2. Maximum criminal punishment for fraud with maternity capital.

Act	Maximum penalty
Family benefit fraud (illegal receipt or expenditure, intentional presentation false information etc.) committed by parents alone.	– fine 120,000 rubles; – compulsory work– up to 360 hours; – forced labor – up to two years; – correctional labor – up to a year; – arrest – up to 4 months.
The same actions committed by prior criminal conspiracy of persons.	– fine 300,000 rubles; – 4 years in prison.
The same actions performed in large size or using the official status of a participant in a crime.	– fine 500,000 rubles; – 6 years in prison.
The same actions committed by an organized group.	– fine 1,000,000 rubles; – 10 years in prison.

Higher education. Orenburg State University (specialization: economics and management of heavy engineering enterprises).
August 18, 2017.